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.. _colors:
*****************
Specifying Colors
*****************
In almost all places in matplotlib where a color can be specified by the user
it can be provided as:
* an RGB or RGBA tuple of float values in ``[0, 1]``
(e.g., ``(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)`` or ``(0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3)``)
* a hex RGB or RGBA string (e.g., ``'#0F0F0F'`` or ``'#0F0F0F0F'``)
* a string representation of a float value in ``[0, 1]``
inclusive for gray level (e.g., ``'0.5'``)
* one of ``{'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'}``
* a X11/CSS4 color name
* a name from the `xkcd color survey <https://xkcd.com/color/rgb/>`__
prefixed with ``'xkcd:'`` (e.g., ``'xkcd:sky blue'``)
* one of ``{'C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3', 'C4', 'C5', 'C6', 'C7', 'C8', 'C9'}``
* one of ``{'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green',
'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink',
'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'}`` which are the Tableau Colors from the
'T10' categorical palette (which is the default color cycle).
All string specifications of color are case-insensitive.
``'CN'`` color selection
------------------------
Color can be specified by a string matching the regex ``C[0-9]``.
This can be passed any place that a color is currently accepted and
can be used as a 'single character color' in format-string to
`matplotlib.Axes.plot`.
The single digit is the index into the default property cycle
(``matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']``). If the property cycle does not
include ``'color'`` then black is returned. The color is evaluated when the
artist is created. For example,
.. plot::
:include-source: True
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
th = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 128)
def demo(sty):
mpl.style.use(sty)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(3, 3))
ax.set_title('style: {!r}'.format(sty), color='C0')
ax.plot(th, np.cos(th), 'C1', label='C1')
ax.plot(th, np.sin(th), 'C2', label='C2')
ax.legend()
demo('default')
demo('seaborn')
will use the first color for the title and then plot using the second
and third colors of each style's ``mpl.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']``.
xkcd v X11/CSS4
---------------
The xkcd colors are derived from a user survey conducted by the
webcomic xkcd. `Details of the survey are available on the xkcd blog
<https://blog.xkcd.com/2010/05/03/color-survey-results/>`__.
Out of 148 colors in the CSS color list, there are 95 name collisions
between the X11/CSS4 names and the xkcd names, all but 3 of which have
different hex values. For example ``'blue'`` maps to ``'#0000FF'``
where as ``'xkcd:blue'`` maps to ``'#0343DF'``. Due to these name
collisions all of the xkcd colors have ``'xkcd:'`` prefixed. As noted in
the blog post, while it might be interesting to re-define the X11/CSS4 names
based on such a survey, we do not do so unilaterally.
The name collisions are shown in the table below; the color names
where the hex values agree are shown in bold.
.. plot::
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib._color_data as mcd
import matplotlib.patches as mpatch
overlap = {name for name in mcd.CSS4_COLORS
if "xkcd:" + name in mcd.XKCD_COLORS}
fig = plt.figure(figsize=[4.8, 16])
ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1])
for j, n in enumerate(sorted(overlap, reverse=True)):
weight = None
cn = mcd.CSS4_COLORS[n]
xkcd = mcd.XKCD_COLORS["xkcd:" + n].upper()
if cn == xkcd:
weight = 'bold'
r1 = mpatch.Rectangle((0, j), 1, 1, color=cn)
r2 = mpatch.Rectangle((1, j), 1, 1, color=xkcd)
txt = ax.text(2, j+.5, ' ' + n, va='center', fontsize=10,
weight=weight)
ax.add_patch(r1)
ax.add_patch(r2)
ax.axhline(j, color='k')
ax.text(.5, j + 1.5, 'X11', ha='center', va='center')
ax.text(1.5, j + 1.5, 'xkcd', ha='center', va='center')
ax.set_xlim(0, 3)
ax.set_ylim(0, j + 2)
ax.axis('off')
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