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"""
========================
Bar chart with gradients
========================
Matplotlib does not natively support gradients. However, we can emulate a
gradient-filled rectangle by an `.AxesImage` of the right size and coloring.
In particular, we use a colormap to generate the actual colors. It is then
sufficient to define the underlying values on the corners of the image and
let bicubic interpolation fill out the area. We define the gradient direction
by a unit vector *v*. The values at the corners are then obtained by the
lengths of the projections of the corner vectors on *v*.
A similar approach can be used to create a gradient background for an Axes.
In that case, it is helpful to use Axes coordinates (``extent=(0, 1, 0, 1),
transform=ax.transAxes``) to be independent of the data coordinates.
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(19680801)
def gradient_image(ax, direction=0.3, cmap_range=(0, 1), **kwargs):
"""
Draw a gradient image based on a colormap.
Parameters
----------
ax : Axes
The Axes to draw on.
direction : float
The direction of the gradient. This is a number in
range 0 (=vertical) to 1 (=horizontal).
cmap_range : float, float
The fraction (cmin, cmax) of the colormap that should be
used for the gradient, where the complete colormap is (0, 1).
**kwargs
Other parameters are passed on to `.Axes.imshow()`.
In particular, *cmap*, *extent*, and *transform* may be useful.
"""
phi = direction * np.pi / 2
v = np.array([np.cos(phi), np.sin(phi)])
X = np.array([[v @ [1, 0], v @ [1, 1]],
[v @ [0, 0], v @ [0, 1]]])
a, b = cmap_range
X = a + (b - a) / X.max() * X
im = ax.imshow(X, interpolation='bicubic', clim=(0, 1),
aspect='auto', **kwargs)
return im
def gradient_bar(ax, x, y, width=0.5, bottom=0):
for left, top in zip(x, y):
right = left + width
gradient_image(ax, extent=(left, right, bottom, top),
cmap=plt.cm.Blues_r, cmap_range=(0, 0.8))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set(xlim=(0, 10), ylim=(0, 1))
# background image
gradient_image(ax, direction=1, extent=(0, 1, 0, 1), transform=ax.transAxes,
cmap=plt.cm.RdYlGn, cmap_range=(0.2, 0.8), alpha=0.5)
N = 10
x = np.arange(N) + 0.15
y = np.random.rand(N)
gradient_bar(ax, x, y, width=0.7)
plt.show()
# %%
# .. tags::
#
# styling: color
# plot-type: imshow
# level: intermediate
# purpose: showcase
|
