Definitions of Fundamental Physical Constants        
                        CODATA Recommended Values   
			     Maxima Package     



This package defines many fundamental physical quantities, using the CODATA
definitions.  In order to load the package, type:

(C1) load("physconst.mac");

This will load the package.  If you use a defined value in a calculation, you
will not see the numerical value unless you specifically tell Maxima to output
it.  For example, if we wish to calculate E=mc^2 for a specific m:

(C2) %m: 35*kg;
(D2)                                 35 kg
(C6) E: %m*%%c^2;
                                        2
(D6)                              35 %%c  kg
(C7) float(%);
                                                   2
                          3.14564312557886E+18 kg m
(D7)                      --------------------------
                                       2
                                      s

Note the use of %m instead of m for mass.  This avoids any confusion between the
unit meters and the mass.  Although in this case Maxima would have done what you
expected, it is a good habit not to include names in equations that are the same
as unit names, in case you make a mistake in choosing variables

The Relative Standard Uncertainty (RSU) is included where relevant.  To get the
RSU associated with a particular variable, use the get command.  For example, if
you wanted the RSU for the Rydberg constant:

(C8) get(%Ry, RSU);
(D8)                                7.6E-12


Here is a list of the defined constants:

Quantity					Maxima Symbol
------------------------------------------------------------------
speed of light in vacuum: 			%%c %c_0
   
magnetic constant: 				%u_0 %mu_0

electric constant: 				%e_0 %epsilon_0

characteristic impedance of vacuum: 		%Z_0

Newtonian constant of gravitation:  		%G
 
Planck constant:  				%%h

Planck constant in eVs:  			%h_eV

Hbar: 				 		%h_bar

Hbar:  						%h_bar_eV
   
Planck mass:  					%P_m

Planck length:  				%P_l
   
Planck time:  					%P_t

Electromagnetic Constants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
elementary charge:  				%%e

magnetic flux quantum: 				%capitalphi_0  %mfq_0
   
conductance quantum:  				%G_0

Josephson constant:  				%K_J

von Klitzing constant:  			%R_K
    
Bohr magneton:  				%u_B

Bohr magneton in eV T-1:  			%ueVT_B

nuclear magneton:  				%u_N

nuclear magneton in eV T-1: 			%ueVT_N


Atomic and Nuclear Constants:
General
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

fine-structure constant: 			%alpha

Rydberg constant: 				%Ry %Ry_INF			

Bohr radius: 					%a_0

Hartree energy:  				%E_h
Hartree energy in eV:   			%Eev_h
     
quantum of circulation   h/(2me):  		%qcir2
quantum of circulation   h/(me):  		%qcir
     
Electroweak
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fermi coupling constant:   			%Fcc

weak mixing angled  W (on-shell scheme):  	%wma_W

Electron, e-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

electron mass:   				%m_e
electron mass (electron relative 
atomic mass times u):  				%m_e_u

electron mass - energy equivalent:   		%me_J 

electron mass - energy equivalent in MeV:  	%me_MeV

electron-muon mass ratio:  			%memu

electron-tau mass ratio:   			%metau

electron-proton mass ratio:   			%memp

electron-neutron mass ratio:  			%memn

electron-deuteron mass ratio:   		%memd

electron to alpha particle mass ratio:   	%memalpha

electron charge to mass quotient:   		%echargeemass

electron molar mass:    			%Molar_e

Compton wavelength:  				%lambdaC
 
classical electron radius: 			%r_e

Thomson cross section:				%sigma_e

electron magnetic moment:   			%u_e

electron magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:  				%ueuB

electron magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio:   				%ueuN

electron magnetic moment anomaly |ue|/uB - 1:   %a_e
    
electron g-factor: 				%g_e

electron-muon magnetic moment ratio:  		%ueuu

electron-proton magnetic moment ratio :  	%ueup

electron to shielded proton magnetic 
moment ratio  (H2O, sphere, 25  C):  		%ueusp

electron-neutron magnetic moment ratio:   	%ueun
    
electron-deuteron magnetic moment ratio:   	%ueud

electron to shielded helione magnetic 
moment ratio  (gas, sphere, 25  C):  		%ueush

electron gyromagnetic ratio:  			%gamma_e
    
Muon, u-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

muon mass:   %m_u
muon mass in muon relative atomic 
mass times u:   				%mu_u

energy equivalent:   				%muc2_J
energy equivalent in MeV:			%muc2_MeV

muon-electron mass ratio:   			%mume

muon-tau mass ratio:  				%mum

muon-proton mass ratio:   			%mump

muon-neutron mass ratio:  			%mumn

muon molar mass:  				%Molar_u
   
muon Compton wavelength:  			%lambda_C_u

muon magnetic moment:   			%uu

ratio of muon magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:  				%uuuB
   
ratio of muon magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio:   				%uuuN

muon magnetic moment anomaly:   		%a_u
   
muon g-factor -2(1 + au):   			%g_u

muon-proton magnetic moment ratio:   		%uuup

Tau, tau-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

tau mass:   					%m_tau
tau mass  (tau relative atomic mass times u):	%mu_tau
   
tau mass energy equivalent:   			%mtauc2_J

tau mass energy equivalent in MeV:		%mtauc2_MeV

tau-electron mass ratio:  			%mtaume

tau-muon mass ratio:   				%mtaumu

tau-proton mass ratio:   			%mtaump

tau-neutron mass ratio:   			%mtaumn

tau molar mass:					%Molar_tau

tau Compton wavelength:   			%lambda_C_tau

Proton, p
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

proton mass: 					%m_p
proton mass (proton relative atomic 
mass times u): 					%mu_p
   
energy equivalent:  				%mpc2_J
energy equivalent in MeV: 			%mpc2_MeV
   
proton-electron mass ratio:			%mpme

proton-muon mass ratio:				%mpmu

proton-tau mass ratio:				%mpmtau

proton-neutron mass ratio:			%mpmn

proton charge to mass quotient:   		%emp

proton molar mass:				%Molar_p

proton Compton wavelength h/mpc: 		%lambda_C_p
   
proton magnetic moment:  			%up
   
proton magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:					%upuB

proton magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio:					%upuN

proton g-factor 2up/uN: 			%g_p

proton-neutron magnetic moment ratio: 		%upun
   
shielded proton magnetic moment  
(H2O, sphere, 25  C):				%usp

shielded proton magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:					%uspuB

shielded proton magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio:					%uspuN

proton magnetic shielding correction 
(H2O, sphere, 25  C):  				%spc

proton gyromagnetic ratio:			%gamma_p

shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio 
(H2O, sphere, 25  C):  				%gamma_sp

Neutron, n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

neutron mass: 					%m_n
neutron mass (neutron relative atomic 
mass times u):					%mu_n
   
neutron mass energy equivalent: 		%mnc2_J

neutron mass energy equivalent  in MeV: 	%mnc2_MeV
   
neutron-electron mass ratio:			%mnme
   
neutron-muon mass ratio:			%mnmu

neutron-tau mass ratio:				%mnm

neutron-proton mass ratio:			%mnmp

neutron molar mass: 				%Molar_n

neutron Compton wavelength:  			%lambda_C_n
   
neutron magnetic moment:			%un
   
neutron magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:					%unuB

neutron magnetic moment to nuclear
 magneton ratio:				%unuN

neutron g-factor:				%g_n

neutron-electron magnetic moment ratio: 	%unue
   
neutron-proton magnetic moment ratio:		%unup

neutron to shielded proton magnetic 
moment ratio (H2O, sphere, 25  C):  		%unusp
   
neutron gyromagnetic ratio:			%gamma_n

Deuteron, d
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

deuteron mass:					%m_d
   
deuteron mass (deuteron relative atomic 
mass times u): 					%mu_d

deuteron mass energy equivalent:		%mdc2_J

deuteron mass energy equivalent in MeV: 	%mdc2_eV
   
deuteron-electron mass ratio: 			%mdme
   
deuteron-proton mass ratio:			%mdmp

deuteron molar mass:				%Molar_d

deuteron magnetic moment: 			%ud
   
deuteron magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:					%uduB
   
deuteron magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio:					%uduN

deuteron-electron magnetic moment ratio:	%udue

deuteron-proton magnetic moment ratio:		%udup

deuteron-neutron magnetic moment ratio:		%udun

Helion, h
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

helion mass:					%m_h

helion mass (helion relative atomic 
mass times u): 					%mu_h
   
helion mass energy equivalent:			%mhc2_J
helion mass energy equivalent in MeV:		%mhc2_MeV

helion-electron mass ratio:			%mhme

helion-proton mass ratio:			%mhmp

helion molar mass:				%Molar_h

shielded helion magnetic moment 
(gas, sphere, 25  C):   			%ush

shielded helion magnetic moment to Bohr 
magneton ratio:					%ushuB

shielded helion magnetic moment to nuclear 
magneton ratio: 				%ushuN

shielded helion to proton magnetic 
moment ratio  (gas, sphere, 25  C):   		%ushup

shielded helion to shielded proton magnetic 
moment ratio  (gas/H2O, spheres, 25  C):   	%ushusp

shielded helion gyromagnetic  
(gas, sphere, 25  C):				%gamma_h

Alpha particle, 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

alpha particle mass: 				%m_alpha
alpha particle mass (alpha particle 
relative atomic mass times u):			%mu_alpha
   
alpha particle mass energy equivalent: 		%malphac2_J

alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV: 	%malphac2_MeV

alpha particle to electron mass ratio:		%malphame

alpha particle to proton mass ratio:		%malphamp

alpha particle molar mass:  			%Molar_alpha

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Avogadro constant: 				%N_A %L

atomic mass constant 
mu = 112m(12C) = 1 u = 10E-3 kg mol-1/NA:  	%m_u

energy equivalent of the atomic mass constant:	%muc2_J
    
energy equivalent of the atomic mass 
constant in MeV:				%muc2_MeV

Faraday constant:   				%%F

molar Planck constant:  			%N_Ah

molar gas constant: 				%%R

Boltzmann constant: 				%k_J

Boltzmann constant in eV:			%k_eV

Loschmidt constant  NA/Vm:			%n_0

molar volume of ideal gas RT/p   
T = 273.15 K, p = 101.325 kPa: 			%Vm_1
molar volume of ideal gas RT/p   
T = 273.15 K, p = 100 kPa:  			%Vm_2


Sackur-Tetrode constant (absolute entropy constant):
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 100 kPa: 			%S_0R_1
T1 = 1 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa: 			%S_0R_2

Stefan-Boltzmann constant:			%sigma

first radiation constant:  			%c_1

first radiation constant for 
spectral radiance:   				%c_1L

second radiation constant:   			%c_2

Wien displacement law constant:  		%b