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;; plotdf.mac - Adds a function plotdf() to Maxima, which draws a Direction
;; Field for an ordinary 1st order differential equation,
;; or for a system of two autonomous 1st order equations.
;;
;; Copyright (C) 2004, 2008, 2011 Jaime E. Villate <villate@fe.up.pt>
;;
;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;;
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
;; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
;; MA 02110-1301, USA.
;;
;; See plotdf.usg (which should come together with this program) for
;; a usage summary
;;
;; $Id: plotdf.lisp,v 1.12 2011-03-09 11:33:46 villate Exp $
(in-package :maxima)
;; parses a plotdf option into a command-line option for tcl scripts
(defun plotdf-option-to-tcl (value s1 s2)
(let (v vv)
(unless (and ($listp value)
(symbolp (setq name (second value))))
(merror
(intl:gettext
"plotdf-option-to-tcl: Expecting a symbol for the option name, found: \"~M\"") value))
(case name
(($xradius $yradius $xcenter $ycenter $tinitial $tstep)
(setq v (check-option (cdr value) #'realp "a real number" 1))
(setq value (list '(mlist) name v)))
(($width $height $nsteps $versus_t)
(setq v (check-option (cdr value) #'naturalp "a natural number" 1))
(setq value (list '(mlist) name v)))
($trajectory_at
(setq v (check-option (cdr value) #'realp "a real number" 2))
(setq value (cons '(mlist) (cons name v))))
($bbox
(setq v (check-option (cdr value) #'realp "a real number" 4))
(setq value (cons '(mlist) (cons name v))))
(($xfun $parameters $sliders $vectors $fieldlines $curves
$windowtitle $xaxislabel $yaxislabel $psfile)
(setq v (check-option (cdr value) #'stringp "a string" 1))
(setq value (list '(mlist) name v)))
($axes
(if (not (third value))
(setq value '((mlist) $axes 0))
(case (third value)
($x (setq value '((mlist) $axes "x")))
($y (setq value '((mlist) $axes "y")))
(t (setq value '((mlist) $axes "xy"))))))
($box
(if (not (third value))
(setq value '((mlist) $nobox 1))
(setq value '((mlist) $nobox 0))))
($direction
(or
(member (ensure-string (third value)) '("forward" "backward" "both") :test #'equal)
(merror
(intl:gettext
"plotdf-option-to-tcl: direction should be forward, backward or both."))))
(t (cond
((eql name s1)
(setq value (cons '(mlist) (cons '$x (cddr (check-range value))))))
((eql name s2)
(setq value (cons '(mlist) (cons '$y (cddr (check-range value))))))
(t (merror (intl:gettext "plotdf-option-to-tcl: unknown option ~M") name)))))
(setq vv (mapcar #'(lambda (a) (if (symbolp a) (ensure-string a) a)) (cdr value)))
(with-output-to-string (st)
(cond ((or (equal (first vv) "x") (equal (first vv) "y"))
(format st "-~(~a~)center " (first vv))
(format st "{~a} " (/ (+ (third vv) (second vv)) 2))
(format st "-~(~a~)radius " (first vv))
(format st "{~a}" (/ (- (third vv) (second vv)) 2)))
(t
(format st "-~(~a~) " (first vv))
(format st "{~{~a~^ ~}}" (rest vv)))))))
;; applies float(ev(expression, numer)) to an expression, and returns a string
(defun expr_to_str (fun)
(mstring (mfuncall '$float (mfuncall '$ev fun '$numer))))
;; plots the direction field for an ODE dy/dx = f(x,y), or for an autonomous
;; system of 2 equations dx/dt = f(x,y), dy/dt = g(x,y)
;;
(defun $plotdf (ode &rest options)
(let (file cmd (opts " ") (s1 '$x) (s2 '$y) vars)
(unless ($listp ode) (setf ode `((mlist) ,ode)))
;; if the variables are not x and y, their names must be given right
;; after the expression for the ode's
(when
(and (listp (car options)) (= (length (car options)) 3)
(or (symbolp (cadar options)) ($subvarp (cadar options)))
(or (symbolp (caddar options)) ($subvarp (caddar options))))
(setq s1 (cadar options))
(setq s2 (caddar options))
(setq options (cdr options)))
;; parse options and copy them to string opts
(cond (options
(dolist (v options)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " "
(plotdf-option-to-tcl v s1 s2))))))
(unless (search "-xaxislabel " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -xaxislabel " (ensure-string s1))))
(unless (search "-yaxislabel " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -yaxislabel " (ensure-string s2))))
;; check that the expressions given contain only the axis variables
(setq vars (cdr (mfuncall '$listofvars ode)))
(unless (search "-parameters " opts)
(dolist (var vars)
(unless (or (eq var s1) (eq var s2))
(merror
(intl:gettext "plotdf: expression(s) given can only depend on ~M and ~M~%Found extra variable ~M") s1 s2 var))))
;; substitute $x by s1 and $y by s2
(defun subxy (expr)
(if (listp expr)
(mapcar #'subxy expr)
(cond ((eq expr s1) '$x) ((eq expr s2) '$y) (t expr))))
(setf ode (mapcar #'subxy ode))
;; parse the differential equation expressions
(case (length ode)
(3 (setq cmd (concatenate 'string " -dxdt \""
(expr_to_str (second ode)) "\" -dydt \""
(expr_to_str (third ode)) "\"")))
(2 (setq cmd (concatenate 'string " -dydx \""
(expr_to_str (second ode)) "\"")))
(t (merror
(intl:gettext "plotdf: first argument must be either an expression or a list with two expressions."))))
(setq file (plot-temp-file (format nil "maxout~d.xmaxima" (getpid))))
(show-open-plot
(with-output-to-string
(st)
(cond
($show_openplot (format st "plotdf ~a ~a~%" cmd opts))
(t (format st "{plotdf ~a ~a} " cmd opts))))
file)
file))
;; plot equipotential curves for a scalar field f(x,y)
(defun $ploteq (fun &rest options)
(let (file cmd mfun (opts " ") (s1 '$x) (s2 '$y))
(setf mfun `((mtimes) -1 ,fun))
;; if the variables are not x and y, their names must be given right
;; after the expression for the ode's
(when
(and (listp (car options)) (= (length (car options)) 3)
(or (symbolp (cadar options)) ($subvarp (cadar options)))
(or (symbolp (caddar options)) ($subvarp (caddar options))))
(setq s1 (cadar options))
(setq s2 (caddar options))
(setq options (cdr options)))
(defun subxy (expr)
(if (listp expr)
(mapcar #'subxy expr)
(cond ((eq expr s1) '$x) ((eq expr s2) '$y) (t expr))))
(setf mfun (mapcar #'subxy mfun))
;; the next two lines should take into account parameters given in the options
;; (if (delete '$y (delete '$x (rest (mfuncall '$listofvars ode))))
;; (merror "The equation(s) can depend only on 2 variable which must be specified!"))
(setq cmd (concatenate 'string " -dxdt \""
(expr_to_str (mfuncall '$diff mfun '$x))
"\" -dydt \""
(expr_to_str (mfuncall '$diff mfun '$y))
"\" "))
;; parse options and copy them to string opts
(cond (options
(dolist (v options)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " "
(plotdf-option-to-tcl v s1 s2))))))
(unless (search "-vectors " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -vectors {}")))
(unless (search "-fieldlines " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -fieldlines {}")))
(unless (search "-curves " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -curves {red}")))
(unless (search "-windowtitle " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -windowtitle {Ploteq}")))
(unless (search "-xaxislabel " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -xaxislabel " (ensure-string s1))))
(unless (search "-yaxislabel " opts)
(setq opts (concatenate 'string opts " -yaxislabel " (ensure-string s2))))
(setq file (plot-temp-file (format nil "maxout~d.xmaxima" (getpid))))
(show-open-plot
(with-output-to-string
(st)
(cond ($show_openplot (format st "plotdf ~a ~a~%" cmd opts))
(t (format st "{plotdf ~a ~a}" cmd opts))))
file)
file))
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