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<div align="center">
<h1>CPP-TEST</h1>
<h3>== Validation Suite for Standard C Conformance of Preprocessing ==</h3>
</div>
<div align="right">
<h4>for V.1.5.5 (2008/11)<br>
(kmatsui@t3.rim.or.jp)</h4>
</div>
<div align="center">
<h2>== ܼ ==</h2>
</div>
<h4><dl><dt><a name="toc.1" href="#1">1. Standard C Validation Suite</a>
<dd><a name="toc.1.1" href="#1.1">1.1. </a>
<dd><a name="toc.1.2" href="#1.2">1.2. </a>
<dd><a name="toc.1.3" href="#1.3">1.3. ΥɥȤɽˡ</a>
<br>
<br>
<dt><a name="toc.2" href="#2">2. Standard C ץץħ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.1" href="#2.1">2.1. K&R 1st. Standard C Υץץ</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.2.2" href="#2.2">2.2. Translation phases</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.2.1" href="#2.2.1">2.2.1. ³ tokenization </a></dl>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.2.3" href="#2.3">2.3. Preprocessing token</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.3.1" href="#2.3.1">2.3.1. Keyword ʤ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.3.2" href="#2.3.2">2.3.2. Preprocessing-number</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.3.3" href="#2.3.3">2.3.3. Token-base ư token Ϣ</a></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.2.4" href="#2.4">2.4. #if ɾη</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.5" href="#2.5">2.5. Portable ʥץץå</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.2.6" href="#2.6">2.6. ؿͥޥŸˡ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.6.1" href="#2.6.1">2.6.1. ؿƤӽФƱ</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.2.6.2" href="#2.6.2">2.6.2. ֤Ÿ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.6.2.1" href="#2.6.2.1">2.6.2.1. #, ## 黻Ҥ operand Ÿʤ</a></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.2.6.3" href="#2.6.3">2.6.3. Ȥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.6.4" href="#2.6.4">2.6.4. ƱޥκƵŪŸɻ</a></dl>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.2.7" href="#2.7">2.7. </a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.1" href="#2.7.1">2.7.1. <stdio.h> η header name</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.2" href="#2.7.2">2.7.2. Character-base ΤʤĤ # 黻Ҥε</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.3" href="#2.7.3">2.7.3. ޥ white spaces ΰ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.4" href="#2.7.4">2.7.4. ؿͥޥΥѥ̾</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.5" href="#2.7.5">2.7.5. ɾΤ狼ʤ #if ʸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.6" href="#2.7.6">2.7.6. ޥδؿͤǤʤ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.7" href="#2.7.7">2.7.7. C90 Corrigendum 1, Amendment 1 Ǥɲ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.7.8" href="#2.7.8">2.7.8. Ĺʵ</a></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.2.8" href="#2.8">2.8. C99 Υץץ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.2.9" href="#2.9">2.9. ʥץץ</a>
<br>
<br>
<dt><a name="toc.3" href="#3">3. Validation Suite </a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.1" href="#3.1">3.1. Validation Suite for Conformance of Preprocessing</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.3.2" href="#3.2">3.2. ƥˡ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.1" href="#3.2.1">3.2.1. ưƥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.2" href="#3.2.2">3.2.2. cpp_test ˤ뼫ưƥ</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.3.2.3" href="#3.2.3">3.2.3. GCC / testsuite ˤ뼫ưƥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.3.1" href="#3.2.3.1">3.2.3.1. TestSuite Ȥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.3.2" href="#3.2.3.2">3.2.3.2. TestSuite ؤΥȡȥƥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.3.3" href="#3.2.3.3">3.2.3.3. <b>mcpp</b> μưƥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.2.3.4" href="#3.2.3.4">3.2.3.4. TestSuite ȸڥå</a></dl></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.3.3" href="#3.3">3.3. Violation of syntax rule or constraint ȿǥå</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.3.4" href="#3.4">3.4. ܺ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.1" href="#3.4.1">3.4.1. Trigraphs</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.2" href="#3.4.2">3.4.2. <backslash><newline> ˤ³</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.3" href="#3.4.3">3.4.3. </a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.4" href="#3.4.4">3.4.4. üʥȡ (digraphs) ʸ (UCN)</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.5" href="#3.4.5">3.4.5. Preprocessing directive line space, tab</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.6" href="#3.4.6">3.4.6. #include</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.7" href="#3.4.7">3.4.7. #line</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.8" href="#3.4.8">3.4.8. #error</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.9" href="#3.4.9">3.4.9. #pragma, _Pragma() operator</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.10" href="#3.4.10">3.4.10. #if, #elif, #else, #endif</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.11" href="#3.4.11">3.4.11. #if defined</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.12" href="#3.4.12">3.4.12. #if η</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.13" href="#3.4.13">3.4.13. #if α黻</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.14" href="#3.4.14">3.4.14. #if Υ顼</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.15" href="#3.4.15">3.4.15. #ifdef, #ifndef</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.16" href="#3.4.16">3.4.16. #else, #endif Υ顼</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.17" href="#3.4.17">3.4.17. #if, #elif, #else, #endif бطΥ顼</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.18" href="#3.4.18">3.4.18. #define</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.19" href="#3.4.19">3.4.19. ޥκ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.20" href="#3.4.20">3.4.20. Keyword Ʊ̾Υޥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.21" href="#3.4.21">3.4.21. Pp-token ʬΥפޥŸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.22" href="#3.4.22">3.4.22. Pp-number Υޥ sequence</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.23" href="#3.4.23">3.4.23. ## 黻ҤȤäޥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.24" href="#3.4.24">3.4.24. # 黻ҤȤäޥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.25" href="#3.4.25">3.4.25. ޥΥޥŸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.26" href="#3.4.26">3.4.26. ޥƱ̾ޥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.27" href="#3.4.27">3.4.27. ޥκ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.28" href="#3.4.28">3.4.28. ޥ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.29" href="#3.4.29">3.4.29. #undef</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.30" href="#3.4.30">3.4.30. ޥƤӽФ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.31" href="#3.4.31">3.4.31. ޥƤӽФΥ顼</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.32" href="#3.4.32">3.4.32. #if ʸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.33" href="#3.4.33">3.4.33. #if Υ磻ʸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.35" href="#3.4.35">3.4.35. #if multi-character ʸ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.3.4.37" href="#3.4.37">3.4.37. Translation limits</a></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.3.5" href="#3.5">3.5. ʬΥɥ</a>
<br>
<br>
<dt><a name="toc.4" href="#4">4. ꤵƤʤ¦̤ɾ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.1" href="#4.1">4.1. Multi-byte character encoding</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.2" href="#4.2">4.2. Undefined behavior</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.3" href="#4.3">4.3. Unspecified behavior</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.4" href="#4.4">4.4. ˥˾ޤ¾Υ</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.4.5" href="#4.5">4.5. ¾γƼʼ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.5.1" href="#4.5.1">4.5.1. ư˴ؤʼ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.5.2" href="#4.5.2">4.5.2. ץȳĥǽ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.5.3" href="#4.5.3">4.5.3. ¹ԸΨ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.4.5.4" href="#4.5.4">4.5.4. ɥȤʼ</a></dl>
<dd><a name="toc.4.6" href="#4.6">4.6. C++ Υץץ</a>
<br>
<br>
<dt><a name="toc.5" href="#5">5. C ץץμ</a>
<dd><dl><dt><a name="toc.5.1" href="#5.1">5.1. ɸإåե</a>
<dd><a name="toc.5.1.1" href="#5.1.1">5.1.1. Ū</a>
<dd><a name="toc.5.1.2" href="#5.1.2">5.1.2. <assert.h></a>
<dd><a name="toc.5.1.3" href="#5.1.3">5.1.3. <limits.h></a>
<dd><a name="toc.5.1.4" href="#5.1.4">5.1.4. <iso646.h></a></dl>
<br>
<dt><a name="toc.6" href="#6">6. ƼץץåΥƥȷ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.6.1" href="#6.1">6.1. ƥȤץץå</a>
<dd><a name="toc.6.2" href="#6.2">6.2. ɽ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.6.3" href="#6.3">6.3. ƥץץåħ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.6.4" href="#6.4">6.4. ɾ</a>
<dd><a name="toc.6.5" href="#6.5">6.5. ƥȤո</a>
</dl>
<br>
<h1><a name="1" href="#toc.1">1. Standard C Validation Suite</a></h1>
<p> Martin Minow DECUS cpp Ū˽ľ <b>mcpp</b> V.2 ȾΤ portable ʣåץץåޤΥץץåϥΤǡѥ뤹˥إåեΤĤΥޥؤ뤳ȤdzƼνѤ˰ܿǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤޤ Standard C (ISO/ANSI/JIS C) ȤƼư⡼ɤäƤޤΤ Standard C ⡼ɤϡʸ̤θ̩ Standard C ץץ¸ƤĤǤ</p>
<p>ΥץץåʤϡΥƥȤΤ "Validation Suite for Standard C Conformance of Preprocessing" ʥץץɸŬڤ륽եȥ켰ˤȾΤΤޤC ФǤʤ C++ ⥫СƤޤΥɥȤϤθڥå (Validation Suite) βǤθڥåȤϤΥɥȤȤȤˡBSD 饤ˤ륪ץեȥȤƸޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="1.1" href="#toc.1.1">1.1. </a></h2>
<p>θڥåȤ 1998/08 NIFTY SERVE / FC / LIB 2 Ǹ졢http://www.vector.co.jp/pack ˤžܤޤˤ version number ޤǤ version 1.0 ǤäȤˤޤ</p>
<p>V.1.1 ϡC99 1997/08 draft б V.1.0 update ΤǤ1998/09 ˡϤ NIFTY SERVE / FC / LIB 2 vector / software pack Ǹޤ</p>
<p>V.1.2 ˷ꤷ C++ Standard бơV.1.1 ˤ updates äΤǤ1998/11 ˡϤ NIFTY SERVE / FC / LIB 2 vector / software pack Ǹޤ</p>
<p>V.1.3 ˷ꤷ C99 бơV.1.2 updates äΤǤޤưƥȤΥץϡGCC / testsuite ѤǤ褦˽ľ edition ɲäޤ</p>
<p>V.1.3 ϳȯǡ<b>mcpp</b> V.2.3 ȤȤˡʵ(IPA) ʿǯ١̤Ƨեȥ¤ȡפ˿ ͵ץȥޥ͡ˤäƺ졢2002/07 - 2003/02 δ֤ IPA λȿУͤνΤȤ˳ȯʤޤѸǥɥȤ⤳ΥץȤǡͭ²ҡϥ˻䤬ȥƥäƤǤäΤǤ2003/02 ˤ <b>mcpp</b> V.2.3 ȸڥå V.1.3 m17n.org Ǹޤ</p>
<p> <b>mcpp</b> ȸڥåȤʿǯ١̤Ƨեȥ¤ȡפˤ PM ˤäƷ³ƺ졢줾 V.2.4, V.1.4 ؤ update Ȥʤޤ*1, *2</p>
<p>θ <b>mcpp</b> ȸڥåȤϤ˲ɤκȤ³Ƥޤ2005/03 ˤϤ줾 V.2.5, V.1.5 ޤڥå V.1.5 Ǥѹʤɤޤ2006/07 ˤϤ줾 V.2.6, V.1.5.1 ޤڥå V.1.5.1 ǤϳƽϤοСΥץץåΥƥȷ̤ɲä줿ʳˤ礭ѹϤޤθ塢2006/11 <b>mcpp</b> V.2.6.2 ȸڥå V.1.5.2 2007/04 <b>mcpp</b> V.2.6.3 V.1.5.3 Ƥޤڥå V.1.5.2, V.1.5.3 ǤϤΥɥȤμ㴳ιäǡ¼ŪѹϤޤ
ˡ2007/05 <b>mcpp</b> V.2.6.4 2008/03 <b>mcpp</b> V.2.7 ȸڥå V.1.5.4 ޤ
ڥå V.1.5.4 ǤϾΥƥȥ˽ɲääۤVisual C++ 2008 Υƥȷ̤ɲäޤ
2008/05 ˤ <b>mcpp</b> V.2.7.1 2008/11 ˤ <b>mcpp</b> V.2.7.2 ȸڥå V.1.5.5 ޤ
ڥå V.1.5.5 Ǥ Wave V.2.0 Υƥȷ̤ɲäޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 cpp V.2.2 ޤǤñ cpp ȸƤǤ̤ cpp ʶ路Τǡ V.2.3 <b>mcpp</b> ȸƤ֤ȤˤMatsui CPP ΰ̣Ǥ롣ΥɥȤǤ V.2.2 ޤǤΥС <b>mcpp</b> ȸƤ֡ޤΥɥȤ̾ V.1.2 ޤǤ cpp_test.doc ȤƤV.1.3 cpp-test.txt ѹ V.1.5.2 cpp-test.html Ȥʤä伫Ȥ̾⡢V.1.2 ޤǤ Psycho ȤƤV.1.3 kmatsui ѹ</p>
<p>*2 ̤Ƨեȥ¤ȡ(Exploratory Software Project) γפϼΤȤΤ뤳ȤǤ롣</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/esp/">http://www.ipa.go.jp/jinzai/esp/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>mcpp</b> V.2.3 V.2.5 ޤǤϼΤȤ֤Ƥ</p>
<blockquote>
<p>http://www.m17n.org/mcpp/</p>
</blockquote>
<p>2006/04 ˼ΤȤ˰ܤä</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://mcpp.sourceforge.net/">http://mcpp.sourceforge.net/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>cpp V.2.2 Ӹڥå V.1.2 ϥ٥ҤΥȤμΤȤˤ롣dos/prog/c Ȥǥ쥯ȥƤ뤬MS-DOS ѤǤϤʤ UNIX, WIN32/MS-DOS, OS-9 бƤ롣</p>
<blockquote>
<a href="http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081188.html">http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081188.html</a><br>
<a href="http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081189.html">http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081189.html</a><br>
<a href="http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081186.html">http://www.vector.co.jp/soft/dos/prog/se081186.html</a><br>
</blockquote>
<p>Υ֥եΥƥȥեϡVector ΤΤ DOS/Windows Ϥ˹碌ơԥɤ [CR]+[LF] shift-JIS encode Ƥ롣SourceForge ΤΤ V.2.5 ޤǤ UNIX Ϥ˹碌Ʋԥɤ [LF] EUC-JP Ǥ롣V.2.6 [CR]+[LF] / shift-JIS zip Ǥ[LF] / EUC-JP tar.gz ǤΣΥ֥ե֤褦ˤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="1.2" href="#toc.1.2">1.2. </a></h2>
<p>øεʤȤƤ ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (JIS X 3010-1993) ĹȤƤޤ1999 ǯˤ ISO/IEC 9899:1999 ޤǤԤ C90Ԥ C99 ȸƤӤޤԤ ANSI X3.159-1989 ܹԤΤʤΤǡ̤ˤ ANSI C ޤ C89 ȸƤФ뤳Ȥ⤢ޤޤISO/IEC 9899:1990 + Amendment 1995 C95 ȸƤ֤Ȥޤ</p>
<p>βǻȤֵʽפϼΤΤǤ</p>
<pre>
C90:
ANSI X3.159-1989 (ANSI, New York, 1989)
ISO/IEC 9899:1990(E) (ISO/IEC, Switzerland, 1990)
ibid. Technical Corrigendum 1 (ibid., 1994)
ibid. Amendment 1: C Integrity (ibid., 1995)
ibid. Technical Corrigendum 2 (ibid., 1996)
JIS X 3010-1993 ܵʶJIS ϥɥ֥å 59-1994ס1994
C99:
ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E)
ibid. Technical Corrigendum 1 (2001)
ibid. Technical Corrigendum 2 (2004)
C++:
ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E)
ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E)
</pre>
<p>ANSI X3.159 ˤ "Rationale"ͳˤ°Ƥޤ ISO C90 ˤϤʤѤޤǤISO C99 Ǥ褷ޤ "Rationale" ޤ˿ƻȤޤ<br>
C++ 1998 ǯǤΤȤ 2003 ǯǤꤵޤʸνǤʤȤץץˤĤƤѹϤޤǡʸǤ 2003 ǯǤޤ C++98 ȸƤӤޤ</p>
<p>C99, C++ εʽ PDF ǥեޥåȤ줿饤ǤΤȤǤޤopen-std.org γƼ draft ̵ˡ</p>
<p>C99, C++98, C++03:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/default.asp">http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/default.asp</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>C99+TC1+TC2:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1124.pdf">http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1124.pdf</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>C99 Rationale 1999/10 final draft:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n897.pdf">http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n897.pdf</a></p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<h2><a name="1.3" href="#toc.1.3">1.3. ΥɥȤɽˡ</a></h2>
<p>ΥɥȤϤĤƤϥƥȥեǤV.1.5.2 html ե
Ѥޤ<br>
ΥɥȤǤϼΤ褦˥եȤȤʬƤޤ</p>
<ul>
<li><tt style="color:navy">source</tt>:<br>
<tt style="color:navy"></tt>եȤϡɤҡޥɥ饤ϡץνϤΤ˻Ȥޤ<br>
<li><tt>__STDC__</tt>:<br>
<tt>꿧</tt>եȤϡɸޥΤ˻Ȥޤ<br>
</ul>
<br>
<h1><a name="2" href="#toc.2">2. Standard C ץץħ</a></h1>
<p>Validation Suite βˡStandard C (ISO C) ΥץץŪħƤޤ϶ʽŪǤϤʤK&R 1st. Ӥʤ Standard C Υץץιͤ餫ˤ褦ȤΤǤ</p>
<p>λȤƤϡK&R 1st. C90 Ȥ濴Ȥ C90 C99, C++ ȤդäȤȤޤߤϵʤȤƤ C99 ͭʤΤǤ¤νϤˤ C99 ϤޤȾʬƤʤΤǡC90 濴ȤۤºŪȻפ뤫Ǥ</p>
<p>ʤξϤǤϥץۤȤɼƤޤValidation Suite ΤΤץʤΤǡȤƤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.1" href="#toc.2.1">2.1. K&R 1st. Standard C Υץץ</a></h2>
<p>Pre-Standard ΣøϤˤ麹̤ޤǤץץˤϤۤȤɴबʤȸäƤ褤餤ξǤʤäϡȤʤ٤ Kernighan & Ritchie "The C Programming Language", 1st. edition Υץץε꤬ޤˤñʤޤʤΤǤäȤˤޤˤطʤˤϡץץϸΤФ֤ޤפΤ褦ʤΤȤͤäȻפޤK&R 1st. ʹߡƽϤˤäƥץץˤ¿εǽդäƤޤƤˤϸΤ䤦ΤΤȡۤʤϴ֤Ǥ portability ݤ褦ȤΤȤޤɤˤƤϴ֤㤬¿portable ǤˤΤ¾Ǥ</p>
<p>C90 ǤĹǯκθǤäΥץץΤʵ꤬Ϳޤɲä줿ǽ⤤ĤꡢˤĤƤϤ褯ΤƤޤäʤȤϡC90 ץץ˴ؤ¾ƤŪʵǤȤȤǤεˤϡޤǤޤǤä֥ץץȤϲפȤŪʤȤˤĤƤιͤ˸ƤޤC90 Υץץ K&R 1st. + ǤϤʤΤǤˤϡֿǽפǤʤܤΤİ뤳ȤɬפȻפޤǰʤȤˤϵʽʸˤϤΤȤޤȤƽҤ٤ƤϤ餺ʽǤ "Rationale" Ǥ⥵ȿƤǤ˻ǰʤȤˤϡΥץץȤŶη̤ȻפӤʤʬĤƤޤǡʲ C90 ץץδŪħޤȤƽҤ١ˤƤ뤳Ȥˤޤ</p>
<p>Pre-Standard ΥץץȰۤʤ롢뤤ϽΤˤ줿 Standard C ץץħϡΣˤޤȤ뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>Τνϰ¸ʬʤ¹ԻĶ execution environ-mentˤΩʸ̤ΥץץǤ롣Ϥˤäƥץץճʷ̤ˤʤ붲ϤƾʤޤˤäơץץåΤΤΥ portable ˽ȤǽˤʤäƱΣϣӤǤСץץåμ¹ԥץϣĤǤ⤹ȸäɤ餤Ǥ롣<br>
<br>
<li>Translation phases εˤäơ token ʬ䤹ޤǤμ礬ΤƤ롣Token ץץޤǤ pre-processing token ȤŪʷǰ롣Preprocessing token ȤΤ token ̤˵ꤷȤ⡢ץץΤνϰ¸ʬڤΥȤΩäƤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>ץץ preprocessing token ñ̤Ȥ롢§Ȥ token-oriented ʤΤǤ롣Ф pre-Standard Υץץ token-oriented ʷˤʤ顢Ūаޤ餯 character-oriented ʽʬʤ餺ȾüʤΤǤä<br>
<br>
<li>ؿͥޥŸϴؿƤӽФǥˤ뤳ȤǡʸˡƤ롣ؿͥޥθƤӽФϴؿƤӽФλȤȤʤɤǤȤ롣˥ޥƤӽФν⡢ؿΰ˴ؿƤӽФɾȥѥǤꡢΥޥŸƤִꥹΥѥ֤롣λΥޥƤӽФϤΰǴ뤷ƤʤФʤʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>θ§ʲ˽缡ƤƤޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.2" href="#toc.2.2">2.2. Translation phases</a></h2>
<p>ץץμ K&R 1st. ǤϤޤäܤƤʤäˡ¿κθȤʤäƤޤC90 Ǥ translation phases ȤΤꤵơ줬ΤˤޤȼΤ褦ʤΤǤ*1</p>
<ol>
<li>եʸɬפʤ饽ʸåȤ map 롣Trigraph ִ롣*2<br>
<li><backslash><newline> 롣ˤäʪԤ³Ԥˤ롣<br>
<li>Preprocessing token white spaces Ȥʬ롣Ȥ one space character ִ롣ԥɤݻ롣<br>
<li>Preprocessing directive ¹ԤޥƤӽФŸ롣#include directive Сꤵ줿եˤĤ phase 1 phase 4 ƵŪ˽롣<br>
<li>ʸåȤ¹ԻʸåȤؤѴ롣Ʊͤˡʸʸƥ escape sequence Ѵ롣<br>
<li>ܤʸƥϢ뤷ܤ磻ʸƥϢ뤹롣<br>
<li>Preprocessing token token Ѵѥ뤹롣<br>
<li>롣<br>
</ol>
<p>ϼºݤ̡ phase ˤʤäƤɬפϤʤƱ̤ˤʤ褦˽ɤȤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>Τ phase 1 phase 4 ޤ 6 ޤǤץץϰϤ°ޤץץåΩץˤʤäƤƥץץ̤֥եȤƽϤϡԥ token separator ¸ɬפ뤿ᡢphase 4 ޤǤôΤ̤Ǥphase 5 \n escape sequence ѴƤޤȡ줬 token separator ȤƤβԥȶ̤Ĥʤʤˡ Validation Suite ǥƥȤΤ phase 4 ޤǤǤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
C99 Ǥ phase 4 _Pragma() operator νդä줿
Τۤ㴳λ礬ɲäƤ뤬̣ѲϤʤ</p>
<p>*2 C99 1997/11 draft Ǥϡtrigraphs Ѵˡbasic source character set ˴ޤޤʤ multi-byte character \Uxxxxxxxx Ȥ Unicode Σ sequence ʤ universal character name Ѵ롢ȤˤʤäƤơphase 5 Ǥ¹ԻʸåȤ˺ѴȤΤǤ롣C++ Standard ǤۤƱͤǤ롣ͤޤǤ뤦ˡϤˤȤäƤô礭ȤǤ롣ʤȤ 1999/01 draft phase 1 νϺ졢C99 ǤǤ⤽̤Ȥʤä</p>
<h3><a name="2.2.1" href="#toc.2.2.1">2.2.1. ³ tokenization </a></h3>
<p><backslash><newline> ˤ³ K&R 1st. Ǥϡ</p>
<ol>
<li>Ĺ #define ԤˤΡ<br>
<li>ĹʸƥˤΡ<br>
</ol>
<p>ΣĤܤƤǡ¾ξϤɤʤΤ餫ǤϤޤǤ</p>
<p>C90 Ǥϡphase 3 preprocessing token token separator ȤƤ white spaces ؤʬ䤬Ԥˡphase 2 <backslash><newline> κԤ뤳ȤΤˤ졢ɤʹԤǤ⡢ɤ token ǤͭȤʤޤ</p>
<p>ޤtrigraph ν phase 1 ǹԤΤǡ??/<newline> Ȥ sequence Ʊͤ˺ޤ¾ǡʸåȤ ASCII multi-byte character encoding shift-JIS ǤϤǤϡĤ multi-byte character ǤΤǡХܤ 0x5c Υɤ <backslash> ǤϤޤ</p>
<p>Translation phase ΤˤʤäΤɤΤǤϤ token Ǥι³ʤɤȤΤǧɬפΤɤϡǤK&R 1st. Ǥϲ̣ԤˤޤʤĹʸƥ̤ˤޤ褦˽ˤϤˡʤä櫓ǤC90 Ǥܤʸƥ뤬Ϣ뤵뤳ȤˤʤäΤǡ虜虜 token DzԤɬפϤʤʤäƤޤ³ɬפʤΤĹȥԤǤǤСphase 2 3 ϵդΤۤɤäΤǤ</p>
<p>ˤ⤫餺줬ߤεΤ褦˷ޤäΤϡK&R 1st. ʸƥι³ˤϢȤͤȤƽ줿Ǥ褦ˤȤbackward compatibilityʸߴˤΤȻפޤˤĤƤϼѾϤۤȤɰ̣ΤʤǤñʡκǤưפʤΤǤΤǡǤ礦</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.3" href="#toc.2.3">2.3. Preprocessing token</a></h2>
<p>Preprocessing tokenʰʸ塢pp-token άˤȤǰ C90 ǽƳ줿ΤǤˤĤƤ֤ǤޤΤƤʤ褦ʤΤǡƤϤʤФʤޤpp-token ȤƵꤵƤΤϼ̤Ǥ*1</p>
<blockquote>header-name<br>
identifier<br>
preprocessing-number<br>
character-constant<br>
string-literal<br>
operator<br>
punctuator<br>
嵭ΤɤˤƤϤޤʤ non-white-space character</blockquote>
<p>ʤΤ褦ǸᤴƤޤǤ token ȤϤʤäƤޤToken ϼΤ褦ʤΤǤ</p>
<blockquote>keyword<br>
identifier<br>
constant (floating-constant, integer-constant, enumeration-constant, character-constant)<br>
string-literal<br>
operator<br>
punctuator</blockquote>
<p>Pp-token token ȰäƤΤϼǤ</p>
<ol>
<li>Keyword ¸ߤʤ
keyword Ʊ̾ identifier Ȥư롣<br>
<li>Constant Τ character-constant ƱǤ뤬floating-constant, integer-constant, enumeration constant ¸ߤfloating-constant, integer-constant preprocessing-number ȤΤ롣<br>
<li>Header-name pp-token ȤƤ¸ߤʤ<br>
<li>Operator punctuator ϤۤƱǤ뤬operator #, ## punctuator # pp-token ȤƤ¸ߤʤʤ preprocessing directive ԤǤͭˡ<br>
</ol>
<p>ȡƱʤΤ string-literal character-constant ʤΤǤǤפʤΤ keyword ¸ߤʤȤȡ token pre-processing-number ¸ߤǤΣˤĤơ˸Ƥޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1 Lexical elements
C99 6.4 Lexical elements
</pre>
C99 Ǥ pp-token Ǥ token Ǥ operator punctuator ˵ۼ줿Operator ȤѸ token μȤƤǤϤʤñˡֱ黻ҡפȤǽɽѸȤʤäƱ punctuator token (punctuator pp-token) ʸ̮ˤä punctuator ʶڤҡˤȤƵǽꡢoperator ȤƵǽꤹ뤳Ȥˤʤ롣ޤpp-token α黻ҤȤ _Pragma ɲä줿</p>
<h3><a name="2.3.1" href="#toc.2.3.1">2.3.1. Keyword ʤ</a></h3>
<p>Keyword phase 7 ǽǧޤץץ phases Ǥ keyword identifier ȤưޤơץץˤȤäƤ identifier ϥޥ̾Ǥ뤫ޥȤƤʤ identifier Ǥ뤫Τɤ餫Ǥ (*1)ȤȤϡkeyword Ʊ̾ΥޥȤȤȤˤʤޤ</p>
<p>εϡץץϰ¸ʬڤΥԲķΤΤȻפޤˤä㤨 #if ˥㥹Ȥ sizeof ȤȤػߤޤ*2</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 äΤ˸СޥΥѥ̾ identifier Ǥ롣ޤpreprocessing directive ̾ü identifier Ǥꡢkeyword ȻʤäƤ롣줬 directive Ǥ뤫ɤϹʸȽǤΤǤꡢdirective ǤʤˤСޥŸоݤȤʤꤦñʤ identifier Ǥ롣</p>
<p>*2 <a href="#3.4.14.7">3.4.14.7</a>, <a href="#3.4.14.8">3.4.14.8</a> ȡ
</p>
<h3><a name="2.3.2" href="#toc.2.3.2">2.3.2. Preprocessing-number</a></h3>
<p>Preprocessing-numberʰʸ塢pp-number άˤϼΤ褦˵ꤵƤޤ
*1, *2</p>
<blockquote>
digit<br>
. digit<br>
pp-number digit<br>
pp-number nondigit<br>
pp-number e sign<br>
pp-number E sign<br>
pp-number .<br>
</blockquote>
<p>Non-digit ȤΤ letter underscore Ǥ
</p>
<p>Ȥʤޤ
</p>
<ol>
<li>Ƭ digit ޤ . digit Ǥ롣
<br>
<li>Ȥ letter (alphabet), underscore, digit, period e+, e-, E+, E- sequence Ĥɤ¤ǤƤ⤫ޤʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>Pp-number floating-constant, integer-constant Τ٤Ƥޤߤޤ㤨 3E+xy ȤäͤǤϤʤΤޤǤޤPp-number ϥץץñˤ뤿˺Ѥ줿Τạ̇̄ΩĤμ sequence tokenization ΩĤȤƤޤ*3</p>
<p>Tokenization ñˤʤΤϳΤǤ pp-number ͭ token ǤϤޤäơϥץץνޤǤ˾ǤƤʤФʤޤ pp-number ȤΤ虜虜ǻȤɬפϤޤޤƻȤȤͣͤΤϡ## 黻ҤȤä줿ޥǿ pp-number Ȳ pp-token ȤϢ뤵 pp-number Ȥʤꡢ # 黻ҤȤä줿ޥˤäƤ줬ʸǤʸƥƤޤСɤ pp-token valid token ˤʤޤ pp-number ¸ߤǧʤȡϢˤä줿Τ valid pp-token ǤϤʤʤäƤޤޤʤη̤ undefined Ȥʤˡ</p>
<p>Ȥƻ϶ˤüʤΤǤܺ٤˸ƤɬפϤޤ pp-number token-oriented ʥץץͤ뤦Ƕ̣Ƥޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.8 Preprocessing numbers
C99 6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers
</pre>
<p>*2 C99 ǤưΣɽǽˤ뤿ˡpp-number p sign, pp-number P sign Ȥ sequence ɲäƤ롣</p>
<p>ޤ嵭 nondigit identifier-nondigit ֤줿 identifier UCN (universal character name) Ƚ multi-byte character λѤǧ줿ΤȼѹǤ<a href="#2.8">2.8</a> ȡˡʤpp-number UCN ȤȤǤmulti-byte character ȤǽǤ롣ͥȡ UCN multi-byte character ޤޤ뤳ȤϤʤΤǤ뤬Ϥ ##, # 黻ҤȤäʸΤȤͤơ줬ǧ줿ΤǤ</p>
<pre>
*3 C89 Rationale 3.1.8 Preprocessing numbers
C99 Rationale 6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers
</pre>
<h3><a name="2.3.3" href="#toc.2.3.3">2.3.3. Token-base ư token Ϣ</a></h3>
<p>C90 Ǥϥޥ黻 ## ˤä pp-token Ϣ뤹뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤޤΤȤ C90 ΡֿǽפȤƤ褯ΤƤޤɲä줿ǽȤϡŪˡؤ뤿Ƴ줿ΤǤܤΤϡ줬 token-oriented ʥץץΤɬܤΤΤȤʤäƤ뤳ȤǤ</p>
<p> token ϢˡȤƤϡ "Reiser" cpp ǤΡȤ 0 Ĥ character ִȤͤѤΤΤƤޤޤʳˤ character-oriented ưץץåǤϡտޤʤˤޤ token Ϣ뤬ȯƤޤȤꡢѤŪˡʤǤϤޤǤϤ⡢character-oriented ʥץץη٤Ѥˡȸޤ</p>
<p>Ф C90 Ǥϡtoken-oriented ưˤäŪ token Ϣ뤹뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤTranslation phase 3 ǥ pp-token white spaces sequence ʬޤθ pp-token ȤΤϡ## 黻ҤˤϢ # 黻Ҥˤʸheader-name ܤʸƥϢȥ磻ʸƥϢ뤷ޤ pp-number ¸ߤ⤳ʸ̮֤ƹͤȡΰΤˤʤޤʤC90 tokenization ˤĤƤϡΤ褦ʸ§¸ߤƤȸǤ礦</p>
<ol>
<li>Pp-token ۤΤϢ뤵뤳ȤϤʤϢ ## 黻ҤˤäʤФʤʤ<br>
<li>äϢ뤵줿 pp-token ƤʬΥ뤳ȤϤʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>Pre-Standard character-oriented ʥץץǤϡޥƤӽФŸȡη̤ token sequence token ȰտޤʤϢȤޤ token-oriented Standard C ΥץץǤϵäƤϤʤʤȤȹͤޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 <a href="#3.4.21">3.4.21</a> ȡ
</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.4" href="#toc.2.4">2.4. #if ɾη</a></h2>
<p>C90 Ǥ #if ɾ long ʤ unsigned long ΣΥǹԤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ (*1)⡢ץץñ㲽ȤȤˡϰ¸ʬʤΤΩäƤޤint ΥϤˤä礭ѤΤ٤ơlong / unsigned long ȾνϤӥåȡνϤӥåȤޤϣӥåȤǤ顢̤ #if ˤϤʤ portability ݤǤޤ*2, *3</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ -- Semantics ̣§
*2 C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion
</pre>
<p>C99 Ǥ #if ηϤνϤκȤ줿
C99 Ǥ long long / unsigned long long ɬܤǤΤǡ long long / unsigned long long ޤϤʾȤȤˤʤ롣ˤä #if portability Ϥʤ㲼뤳Ȥˤʤä</p>
<p>*3 long ӥåȤνϤƤ뤫⤷ʤɤȤȤ ;̤Ǥ뤬ΥϼΤ褦˷ۤɤȻפäƤ롣</p>
<ol>
<li>short ϣХȡlong ϣХȤȤ롣<br>
<li>longlonglong long ǤϤʤˤޤ quadra ХȤȤ롣<br>
<li>int CPU ˤȤäƤμʥȤ롣ʤ short, long, longlong Τɤ줫ĤȰפ롣<br>
<li>short int, long int Ȥդ short, long int ν˻ȤȤϤ롣<br>
</ol>
<p>ʤӥåȤνϤνи衢sizeof (short) <= sizeof (int) <= sizeof (long) Ȥ뤿ˤ٤ƤԼˤʤꡢɤη portability ʤʤäƤƤΤǤ롣ϤơХǷΤɤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.5" href="#toc.2.5">2.5. Portable ʥץץå</a></h2>
<p>ʾΤ褦 Standard C ץץεϡץץåΤΤΥ portable ˽ȤǽˤƤޤץץåѥΤνϰ¸ʬˤĤΤʤФʤʤȤϡʤǤºݤ Standard C νϤǥץץå portable ˽ȤȤʤΤϡΤ褦ʼŪʬǤ</p>
<ol>
<li>#include ΤΣϣӤΥѥꥹȵҷɸإåեΤ꤫<br>
<li>ե̾ȹֹξѥΤϤη<br>
<li>¹Իץ<br>
<li>ʸåȡ<br>
<li>ϤǤϡC90 Ǥ long / unsigned long ΡC99 ǤϺΥåȽϤΤäƤƤϤʤʤȡ<br>
</ol>
<p>Τȣϴ¸νϤ˼Ȥʤǡ⤤ϥƱ #line 123 "filename" Ȥ줵ƤȴԤޤ̵ƤʻȤϤȤ⤫ŪˤϡStandard C ΥץץϲǽǤ⥽νˤäƤϡ̤ implementation ɬפȤʤǽʤϤޤʤʸåȤϥ˥ơ֥ۤڤǤ뤬ˡϼºݤˤϡۥȽϤΤۤåȽϤΥȤȤϤۤȤɤʤǤ礦顢ȤϤʤʤǤ礦</p>
<p><b>mcpp</b> Standard C ץץλͤΤΩƤ뤳ȤưȤƤޤʤ<b>mcpp</b> ¿νϤ˰ܿ뤳ȤŪȤƤΤǡportability ݤΤ #if section ʤ¿ʤäƤ뤬ˡ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.6" href="#toc.2.6">2.6. ؿͥޥŸˡ</a></h2>
<p>դΥޥŸˡ C90 ǤϴؿƤӽФǥˤƵꤵ졢function-likeʴؿ͡˥ޥȸƤФ褦ˤʤޤ˥ޥޤޤƤϡ§ȤơϥѥȤִäŸޤ</p>
<p>Pre-Standard ǤϤ餫ǤϤޤǤºݤˤϡΥޥŸ˥ѥִŸȤˡȤΤ¿äΤǤϤʤȻפޤŸˡطʤˤΤϡХǥͤΥƥִη֤ȤȯۤǤäȿ¬ޤʤޥŸϰ̤˥ǥͤΥƥִη֤Ǥޤʤ櫓ǤդޥŸˤΤ¿ΥץץåΥޥŸˡäΤǤϤʤǤ礦</p>
<p>ˡϥǤδؿƤӽФͤγѤȤϤޤäۤʤä̯ʥޥλȤͶȯͥȤ줿դޥθƤӽФκݤˤϡɤ줬ɤΰʤΤ狼ʤʤ֤ȯޤᤰäƽϰ¸ʬƤޤǸСäΥޥŸϹ٤ʵǽô褦ˤʤäˡǥͤΥƥִη֤ȤȯۤǤϤϤ٤ŤʤꤹȸǤ礦</p>
<h3><a name="2.6.1" href="#toc.2.6.1">2.6.1. ؿƤӽФƱ</a></h3>
<p>Ƨޤ Standard C ϡfunction-like ޥθƤӽФؿƤӽФؤǤΤȤưդ뤳ȤǡʸˡȹͤޤRationale Standard C Υޥ˴ؤ뵬꤬ɤȤ§ĤƤǡ§Ƥޤ*1</p>
<ul>
<li><samp>ؿȤȤǤϤɤǤޥȤ褦ˤ뤳ȡ</samp><br>
<li><samp>ޥƤӽФϤɤˤäƤ⡢ʤϤʸˤäƤ⡢ޥΰˤäƤ⡢ޥˤäƤ⡢Ʊ token sequence 褦˥ޥŸꤹ뤳ȡ</samp><br>
</ul>
<p>ϴؿƤӽФʤΤȤǤդޥθƤӽФǤǤϤʤäΤǤǥͥƥִη֤ǤϡʤʤȤ餫Ǥ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C89 Rationale 3.8.3 Macro replacement
C99 Rationale 6.10.3 Macro replacement
</pre>
<h3><a name="2.6.2" href="#toc.2.6.2">2.6.2. ֤Ÿ</a></h3>
<p>ؿƤӽФȥѥʥޥŸȤ§¸뤿˴οʤΤϡΥޥŸƤѥ֤뤳ȤǤơΤˤϰΥޥƤӽФϤΰǴ뤷ƤʤФʤޤʴ뤷Ƥʤϥ顼ȤʤˡΥޥθΥƥȤäƤޤʤɤȤȤäƤϤʤޤˤäơͥȤ줿ؿͥޥθƤӽФŪݤĤȤǤޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 <a href="#3.4.25">3.4.25</a> ȡ
</p>
<h4><a name="2.6.2.1" href="#toc.2.6.2.1">2.6.2.1. #, ## 黻Ҥ operand Ÿʤ</a></h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand ϥޥŸʤȤˤʤäƤޤ
ޤ## 黻Ҥ operand ޥŸ줺Ϣˤä줿 pp-token Ϻ˥ޥŸоݤȤʤޤεϤʤɬפʤΤǤ礦</p>
<p>ε꤬̣ĤΤϡޥޤǤǤޥޤ token sequence ΤޤʸϢ뤷ꤷˡε꤬ΩĤȤˤʤޤդŸƤʸϢ뤷ꤷϡ#, ## 黻ҤȤʤޥ⤦Ĥ֤뤳ȤˤʤޤΤɤǤץޤǤ褦ˤ뤿ˤϡ#, ## 黻Ҥ operand ϥޥŸʤȤ꤬ɬפʤΤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 <a href="#3.4.25">3.4.25</a>, misc.t / PART 3, 5 ȡ# 黻Ҥ operand ޥŸʤȤ꤬ΩɽŪ assert() ޥǤ롣<a href="#5.1.2">5.1.2</a> ȡ</p>
<h3><a name="2.6.3" href="#toc.2.6.3">2.6.3. Ȥ</a></h3>
<p>ơޥŸϥޥƤӽФִꥹȤ֤졢function-like ޥΰ§ȤŸƤִꥹΥѥ֤줿塢ִꥹΥޥƤӽФƺ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>κ K&R 1st. λͤǤơطʤˤϡ֥ǥͤΥƥִη֤פȤȯۤäȻפޤStandard C Ǥ function-like ޥΰ ## 黻Ҥ operand ʳ˴ŸƤޤäƤޤǤϤäŸΤǤ礦</p>
<p>ɬפʤΤϡִꥹΥѥʳʬ˥ޥ硢 ## 黻Ҥޤޥξ硢⤦ĤϥޥΡפŤˤʤä cascaded macro ǤޥƤӽФΡְפŤˤͥȤƤϡϺҹ¤ŸƤΤǡ̾ϺǿŸ뤳ȤϤޤʤ㳰Ϥ롣<a href="#2.7.6">2.7.6</a>, <a href="#3.4.27">3.4.27</a> ȡˡ
</p>
<h3><a name="2.6.4" href="#toc.2.6.4">2.6.4. ƱޥκƵŪŸɻ</a></h3>
<p>Cascaded macro ϼŸƤޤʤäƤϺ礬ޤϥޥȤƵŪˤʤäƤǤΤޤŸ̵ºƵ˴٤äƤޤޤȤˤΥޥޤޤƤľܺƵξϤİʾŪ˺ƵƤƱҤޤ뤿ᡢStandard C ǤϡŸΥޥƱ̾Υޥִꥹ˸Ƥ⡢ִʤפȤղäƤޤʸϤǤΰտޤϤ狼䤹ΤǤ</p>
<p>ϴؿͥޥξ硢ؿȤϰäʸˡˤʤǤǥִȤޤäƤޤޥͭλͤǤꡢޥǤǤʤʽȤƽȤƤΤʤΤǡλͤβƻĤΤʤȤǤ礦</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.7" href="#toc.2.7">2.7. </a></h2>
<p>ơʾǤ Standard C Υץץɤ̡ñ̤夲Ƥޤܺ٤˸ƤȡԵ§ʤȤ䡢ϤΥСإåɤγͭܿ˳Ȥ˴ޤޤƤޤ¿ pre-Standard ŪŪʥץץˡ줺˻ĤäƤޤäΤȻפޤΩʤIJŪʬ¸ߤͤ狼ˤäˤƤޤޤStandard C ˤäƿ̵ѤѻˤʤäȤ鷺ʤ餢ޤʲˤФƤߤޤ</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.1" href="#toc.2.7.1">2.7.1. <stdio.h> η header-name</a></h3>
<p><, > ǰϤޤ줿 header-name K&R 1st. Ū˻ȤƤƤΤǤȡȤƤϤ㳰ŪԵ§ʤΤǤΤ Standard C Ǥ header-name Ȥ pp-token ˴ؤƤ undefined ʬ implementation-defined ʬ¿ʤäƤޤäƤޤ㤨 /* Ȥ sequence ޤޤƤ undefined Ǥޤ<stdio.h> Τ褦ˡheader-name Ǥʤ <, stdio, ., h, > ȤĤ pp-token ʬȤ#include Ԥ˸¤äƣĤ pp-token ˹ʤФʤޤˡ implementation-defined ǤTokenization translation phase 3 ǹԤΤˡphase 4 ǤιԤ #include directive ǤȤ狼ȡtokenization ʤʤФʤʤΤǤϤʤϤŪʻͤȸ虜ޤPhase 3 Ǥäʬ줿ʲΡpp-token δ֤ space νȤʤޤ#include <stdio.h> ʤɤȤǥ쥯ƥ֤ϺǤ portability ι⤤ΤΤ褦˸ޤץץμͤȤʤ portability 㤤ΤʤΤǤ#include ԤΰޥǤȡԵ§ޤ</p>
<p>", " ǰϤޤ줿 header-name ˤϡϤޤ\ escape ʸȤưʤȤȤ <, > ˤ header-name ƱͤǡʸƥȤϰä̤äƤޤescape sequence phase 6 ǽΤʤΤǡphase 4 ǽƤޤ header-name escape sequence ¸ߤʤΤϡŪʤȤǤϤޤʵʤǤ header-name \ undefined Ǥ롣ϼڤˤ뤿θǤºݡ", " Ǥ \ " ľˤΤǤʤ¤ꡢʤ<, > ǤϤ⤦ʣǤ뤬ˡ*1</p>
<p>ޤ#include <stdio.h> #include "stdio.h" Ȥΰ㤤ϡԤϽξõΤФơԤϥȥǥ쥯ȥʤХѥˤõơ̵ <stdio.h> ƱõȤΤȤˤޤStandard C ǤϣϣӤ˴ؤ֤ƤʤΤǡ֥ȥǥ쥯ȥפȤѸϻȤäƤʤ¿ΣϣӤˤĤƤϤᤵˡʤ#include <stdio.h> #include "stdio.h" ȽФळȤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>Header-name ηˣ濫뤳Ȥϡ桼ΥإåȥƥإåȤζ̤ܤǤ狼Ȥ readability ޤΤˤϤ虜虜Ե§ʥȡѰդʤƤ⡢"stdio.h" "usr.H" Ȥդ suffix Ƕ̤ޤǰΤոȡ readability Ǥ뤫顢ƥबե̾ʸȾʸ̤ʤƤ⤫ޤʤ"usr.hdr", "usr.usr", "usr.u" Ǥ⤫ޤʤˡ</p>
<p><, > ǰϤޤ줿 header-name ϸͤȤƤ̵ѤǤꡢץץ tokenization ݤˤʤΤǡѻߤۤɤȻפޤΥѥ뤹뤿ˤϤʤѻߤ櫓ˤϤ椭ޤobsolescent feature ȵꤷƤۤΤǤ</p>
<p>*1 ȤC99 Ǥ \ ǻϤޤ UCN Ƴ줿ˡäˤʤä</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.2" href="#toc.2.7.2">2.7.2. Character-base ΤʤĤ # 黻Ҥε</a></h3>
<p>ϡ# 黻Ҥ operand pp-token δ֤ token separator ȤƤ white spaces ΰǤİʾ white spaces ϣĤ space ˰̤Ĥʤ space ʤȤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>ȾüʵǤToken-based ưŰ줹뤿ˤϡtoken separator ̵ͭ˺ʤȤɬפǤꡢΤˤ token separator ٤ƺ뤫Ȥ⤢ pp-token δ֤ one space ֤ɤ餫˵ꤹ٤ǤC89 Rationale 3.8.3.2 (C99 Rationale 6.10.3.2) The # operator ϤεˤĤơ"As a compromise between token-based and character-based preprocessing discipline"token-based ʥץץˡ character-based ʤȤƤȤơ˷ꤵ줿ȽҤ٤Ƥޤ</p>
<p>ϥץץåμưפˤɤ;פô̤ˤʤäƤꡢޤʣʥޥŸˡˤޤ⤿餷ƤޤC90 6.8.3, C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Examples 4. ˤ㤬ܤäƤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define str(s) # s
#define xstr(s) str(s)
#define INCFILE(n) vers ## n
#include xstr(INCFILE(2).h)
</pre>
<p> #include ԤϤŸȤΤǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include "vers2.h"
</pre>
<p>¿ϤǤޤ
INCFILE(2) vers2 ִ뤳ȤˤϤޤϤޤxstr() ΰǤ INCFILE(2).h Ÿ̤ vers2, ., h ȤĤ pp-token sequence ǤʽŸϤΣĤ pp-token δ֤ white spaces ʤΤȤưäƤޤˤϼΤ褦꤬ޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>vers2 ϥˤä pp-token ǤϤʤޥִˤä줿ΤǤ롣vers2 θ white spaces ʤȤݾڤ뤿ˤϡޥִ white spaces ʤ褦ˤʤФʤʤޥִˤǤȡʤȤץץåѥ餫ΩץǤ硢ޥŸη̤Ȥ pp-token ۤΤϢ뤷ƤޤȤȯ롣 token-based ʥץץθ§ȿ롣<br>
<br>
<li># 黻Ҥ operand ˤʤꤦޥִ white spaces pp-token ۤΤϢ뤹ΤɤˤϡؿͥޥƤӽФΰ¸ߤޥִǤϡŪ˲ white space ִ̤Ǥ줬 # 黻Ҥ operand ˤʤäϲ white space ٤ƤִäƤǸ˻Ĥä white space ʪ space ֤롢Ȥäٹɬפˤʤ (*1)ϥץץμˤȤäƤʤôǤ롣ơ˸礦åȤʤ⡢ɬפǤ뤳Ȥϵʽʸ餫ǤϤʤǤΤΤǤ롣<br>
</ol>
<p>ޤʤ䤳Ϥ٤ơ# 黻Ҥ operand token separator ΰȾüͳ褷Ƥޤ</p>
<p># 黻ҤǤϤ٤Ƥ pp-token single space ʬΥʸȤͤpp-token ΰۤϢɤ䤳ȯ뤳Ȥʤʸ줿ɤ pp-token sequence Ǥä狼ΤǡɤȻפޤꤹȡΥޥ "vers2 . h" Ÿ뤳ȤˤʤޤŬڤʥޥǤϤޤ</p>
<p>Ǥ狼褦ˡspace ΤʤȤˤ줬ƤϺۤȤͣξ礬#include ԤΥޥ #, ## 黻ҤȤ줿ǤTranslation phase 4 ǽ #include ԤǤϡphase 6 ǽʸƥϢϻȤޤ#include ԤΥޥ϶ #, ## 黻ҤȤäƥѥʤƤ⡢ñʸƥФǤळȤǤäΤ token-based ʸ§ΤϡޤˤХƤޤ</p>
<p>Standard C ΥץץǤ syntax token-based ʤΤǤʤ顢# 黻Ҥ semantics ΤȤ character-based ʵ꤬ơŪʰ»ʤäƤޤ*2</p>
<p>ξ塢ʽΤϵʸɬ餫ǤϤʤͤȤƤޤŬڤǤꡢ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 <b>mcpp</b> ⤷礦ʤΤǤƤ롣</p>
<p>*2 JIS C ISO C ΤΤǡƤѹϲäƤʤȤˤʤäƤ롣JIS ϥɥ֥åפ X 3010 / 6.8.3 4. ΰˤϡfputs( ..) ȤޥŸ̤ʸȤ space ̵ͭäƤȤߥ롣ΰ space ΰ̵ФǤꡢ# 黻Ҥε褯ƤͤƤ뤤ϰåȤϻפʤꤽΤΤ̵ѤѻǤ뤳ȤΤǤ롣</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.3" href="#toc.2.7.3">2.7.3. ޥ white spaces ΰ</a></h3>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand white spaces ΰƱͤε꤬ޥ˴ؤƤ⤢ޤݡݥޥκϸΥޥʤΤǤʤФʤʤǤ뤿ˤϡѥο̾ƱǡִꥹȤƱ spelling ǤʤФʤʤִꥹ white spaces ˤĤƤϡ̵ͭƱǤʤФʤʤϰäƤƤɤݡݤȵꤵƤޤ</p>
<p># 黻Ҥε꤬嵭Τ褦ǤСִꥹ white spaces ˤĤƤƱʤФʤʤΤǡεǤϤꡢͳ # 黻Ҥεˤޤ</p>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand pp-token δ֤ˤϤ٤ one space ΤȤưȤȤˤСޥκ˺ݤƤ white spaces ̵ͭˤʤʤʤޤ</p>
<p>ˡץץåμǤϤ̲ơΤ٤Ƥ pp-token δ֤§Ȥ one space ֤褦ˤ뤳ȤǤޤ뤳ȤˤäơޥŸ˺ݤƤ tokenization ñΤ˹ԤȤǤޤθ§㳰ĤޤĤ preprocessing directive ԤǤβԥɤǤꡢ⤦ĤϥޥǤΥޥ̾Ȥ³ '(' δ֤ white spaces ̵ͭǤФŪˣäΥץץκƤΤǤꡢޤѤ櫓ˤϤޤ</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.4" href="#toc.2.7.4">2.7.4. ؿͥޥΥѥ̾</a></h3>
<p>ޥκ˺ݤƤϥѥ̾פƤʤФʤʤȵꤵƤ뤳Ȥ <a href="#2.7.3">2.7.3</a> ǿޤϲʵȻפޤѥ̾ϡޥŸ˲ΰ㤤⤿餷ޤ˺ݤƤå뤿ˤϡץץåϤ٤ƤΥޥΥѥ̾ƤɬפޤȤƤ⤽λȤƻϡʤȤϰϤǤϡΥåʳ˲⤢ޤäΤۤȤɰ̣ΤʤåΤˡϤ˥ХˤʤʤСإåɤΤϡޤ</p>
<p>ޥκǤϥѥ̾פƤʤФʤʤȤϡۤɤȻפޤ</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.5" href="#toc.2.7.5">2.7.5. ɾΤ狼ʤ #if ʸ</a></h3>
<p>#if ԤΰǤ #if ǤɾϥץץǹԤΤǼ¹ԻĶΩΤǤʤФʤޤΤᡢ̤顢¹ԻĶФ䤤碌ɬפȤ륭㥹ȡsizeof 黻ҡƤޤʤ translation phase 7 ǽɾˡʸʤӥ磻ʸˤϽƤޤ</p>
<p>ʸɾϼΤ褦˲ŤˤǤꡢportability ϤۤȤɤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>ʸͤʸåȡASCII, EBCDIC ˤˤäưۤʤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>ʸåȤƱǤäƤ⡢single-character character con-stant ΰϽǤʥѥΤǤ char ʤĤˤˡ<br>
<br>
<li>Multi-character character constant ɾϽǤꡢʸåȤΰƱǤ⡢ͤƱȤϸ¤ʤ<tt>CHAR_BIT</tt> char ʤȤƤ⡢'ab' 'a' * 256 + 'b' ȤʤΤȤ 'a' + 'b' * 256 ȤʤΤϡꤵƤʤ<br>
<br>
<li>Multi-byte character encoding ϽǤ롣Wide char-acter encoding multi-byte character encoding ˽wchar_t Υ̵ͭǤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>Multi-byte character encoding ƱǤäƤ⡢ͤɾƱȤϸ¤ʤƱ꤬롣<br>
<br>
<li>ʾϤ⥳ѥΤǤʸɾˤⶦ̤Ǥ뤬˥ץץǤʸåȤϥѥΤȰäƤƤ褤ȤˤʤäƤ롣<br>
Translation phase 4 ޤǤоݤȤΤϥʸåȤǤꡢphase 6 ʹߤоݤȤΤϼ¹ԻʸåȤǤ롣phase 5 ʸʸƥʸΥʸåȤ¹ԻʸåȤؤѴԤʤʸåȤ⡢multi-byte character encoding ⡢ȼ¹ԻȤǰޤäƤ뤫⤷ʤ<br>
#if ʸɾΤ phase 4 Ǥ뤬ϥʸåȤͤǤ¹ԻʸåȤͤߥ졼ȤƤ⡢ɤǤ褤ȤˤʤäƤ롣ʸåȤȤƤʤ<br>
<br>
<li>#if ɾʸåȤȼ¹ԻʸåȤƱǤäƤ⡢ɾΤϰäƤƤ褤ȤˤʤäƤ롣ʤΰ⡢multi-character character constant, multi-byte character constant ɾΥХȥ⡢phase 4 phase 7 ȤǰäƤ뤫⤷ʤ<br>
<br>
<li>⡢ʸɾηϡphase 7 Ǥ multi-byte character ޤ character constant intwide character constant wchar_t ǤΤФơphase 4 Ǥ C90 Ǥ long ޤ unsigned long Ǥ롣ʤphase 4 Ǥ int long ƱɽĤΤ褦˰졢unsigned int unsigned long ƱɽĤΤ褦˰롣äơʸåȡΰɾΥХȥ phase 4 7 ȤǤޤäƱǤäƤ⡢<tt>INT_MAX</tt> < <tt>LONG_MAX</tt> νϤǤϡphase 4 ǥСեʤʸ phase 7 ǤϥСե뤳Ȥ⤢ꤦ뤷phase 7 int ˤʤΤ phase 4 Ǥ long ˤʤ뤫⤷줺ˤʤ뤫ˤʤ뤫ޤäƤϤʤʸǤʤȡˤʤ뤳ȤϤʤʸˤĤƤϰŪˤϤۤȤͽ¬Ǥʤ<br>
<br>
<li>C99 Ǥ #if ηϤνϤκȤ줿ʤɾηϤˤäưۤʤ뤫⤷ʤ<br>
<br>
<li>˥ץץǤʤѥˤⶦ̤Ǥ뤬multi-byte character ˤ encoding ꤬롣Ȥ UTF-8 ϣХȤ unicode ʸХȤʤХȤ encode 뤬ʸΡ͡פȤϤäǤ ͤ UTF-8 ΣХȤ sequence ɾ͡פǤȤ⸵ unicode Ρ͡פǤȤȤˤʤΤǤɤͤŪǤΤȽȤʤ<br>
<br>
<li>⥳ѥȶ̤Ǥ뤬C99, C++98 Ǥ UCN ȤΤޤƳ줿Ʊʸ UCN ɽΤ multi-byte character ȤƽΤȤƱʸפǤƱʸΤϤǤ뤬Ρ͡פ multi-byte character encoding ˤäƤ줾äƤǤ<br>
</ol>
<p>Ȥǡ#if ʸͤϽϴ֤Ǥ portability ʤСƱϤΥѥեȤδ֤Ǥ㤦⤷ʤȤ¿ɤɾ뤫ۤȤͽ¬Ǥޤ</p>
<p>̤ˤϣøεˤϤޤʬϾʤ黻˴ؤƤΰǤΤΡ CPU ǷޤΤǤꡢϺԤǤդ˷뤳ȤΤǤʬϤޤʤΤǤʸɾ㳰Ǥ CPU λ͡ʸåȡmulti-byte character encoding Ȥƥ¦װǷޤ¦̤ΤۤˡϺԤκ̤ˤޤƤ̤¿ޤ</p>
<p>줬 #if ʸȤʤȡϤκ̤ϰϤѥեȤΰפݾڤ줺ɾƤ⤤äɾΤۤȤɤ狼ޤʸɾϼ¹ԻĶؤ䤤碌ɬפȤΤȹͤޤStandard C ΥץץǤϤ䤤碌ɬפȤϽ줿ˤ⤫餺ʤʸϽޤǤơ䤤碌ʤǤ⤹൬̵˺äˡ̣ʤΤȤʤäƤޤäȻפޤ</p>
<p> #if ʸˤɤʻȤƻΤǤ礦 ѥեǤ char ѿͤʸӤ뤳Ȥ褯ԤޤѿȤʤץץեǤϤλȤƻ⤢ޤ#if ʸλȤƻȤƤϡˤŬڤϻפդޤ̵ѤĹʪǤꡢ㥹Ȥ sizeof Ʊͤˡ#if оݤ٤Ǥ礦Ƥ⡢㥹Ȥ sizeof 줿Τ٤С륽ϤϤ뤫˾ʤϤǤ</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.6" href="#toc.2.7.6">2.7.6. ޥδؿͤǤʤ</a></h3>
<p>ޥƤӽФϤäִꥹȤ֤줿塢줬˺ޤStandard C κεǤƱΤϡΥޥƤӽФθΥȡִꥹȤ³Ƥ뤫Τ褦ˡִꥹȤϢ³뤳ȤǤϴؿƤӽФǥȤؿͥޥεθ§ޤäæƤꡢޥŸ狼ˤװȤʤäƤޤϡ³ΥȡоݤȤȤεϺоݤִꥹȤ˸ꤹ٤ȹͤƤޤ</p>
<p>¤ϸ³ΥȡоݤȤΤϡ餯 K&R 1st. ΤĹǯΰۤλͤäȻפޤStandard C ǤϤλͤɬפʤʤäϤʤΤǤIJΤ褦ĤäƤޤäƤΤǤϥޥŸκˤǤΤǡʲ˾ܺ٤˸Ƥ뤳Ȥˤޤ</p>
<p>ޥ rescanʺˤˡʸϤΤ˵ҤΤϡưפʤȤǤϤޤʽʸϤ⡢K&R 2nd. ʸϤ狼䤹ΤǤϤޤȤСK&R 2nd. A.12 ˤϡִꥹȤϷ֤פȤޤʽˤϷ֤ȤϽƤޤRescan ϣԤ褦ˤɤޤƵŪ˹Ԥ褦ˤɤޤƤ櫓ǤϤޤ</p>
<p>ϼȤʤȡΤ뤳ȤǤʤΤǤϤʤȻפޤˡˡʤȡľŪǤ褦ˤϤʤʤǤ礦Τ餤ޥ rescanning ȤΤϥޥŸŪʼˡ̩夷ΤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>ޤΥХƤƤߤޤñˤ뤿ˡ x, y ϥޥǤϤʤȤޤΥޥƤӽФϤɤŸΤǤ礦</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define FUNC1( a, b) ((a) + (b))
#define FUNC2( a, b) FUNC1 OP_LPA a OP_CMA b OP_RPA
#define OP_LPA (
#define OP_RPA )
#define OP_CMA ,
FUNC2( x, y)
1: FUNC2( x, y)
2: FUNC1 OP_LPA x OP_CMA y OP_RPA
3: FUNC1 ( x , y )
</pre>
<p>1: 2: ִ졢2: rescan ˤä 3: 뤳Ȥϡ狼ޤǤϡ3: ϥޥƤӽФǤ礦 ʤƬ⤦ rescan ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p>Rescan Ƭ鲿٤Ǥ֤ⷫΤʤΤǤ礦ȤоϰϤƵŪˤ˶Ƥ椯ΤʤΤǤ礦 ¤ϡΤɤǤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>Rescan ȤΤμºݤŪˤ§ŪʺƵǡ뤤ϤƱ̤ˤʤ뤢η֤ǹԤƤȻפޤθŵŪ㤬 Kernighan & Plauger "Software Tools"ʡ֥եȥˡסˤ Macro Processing ξϤ˺ܤäƤΤǤϸ M4 ޥץåȯŸƤ椯Τǡ켫ΤϣåץץåǤϤޤRitchie äǽޥץåפΤȽƤꡢåץץåμˡθΤ뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<p>ΥޥץåǤϡޥƤӽФȤִꥹȤϤ֤ɤľȤˡ rescanning ¸ƤޤִꥹˤޤޥƤӽФäϡ֤줬ϤˤäΤ褦ˡפοʥޥִꥹȤƱ褦֤ɤľޤ֤ϥޥִƥȤ륨쥬ȤˡסϤҹ¤ߤƵϤμǽ褦ȤΤǤȤ褦ˡˡϥޥץåΥץ¤狼䤹뤿ˡ礤ΩäƤޤ</p>
<p>åץץå¿⤳Ʊ褦ˡŪϡʤΥåִꥹȤѤǡɤľȤˡǥޥ re-scan ƤΤȻפޤ</p>
<p>嵭Ǥϡ2: rescan ˡFUNC1 λǤϥޥƤӽФǤʤȤ狼ȡƱˤΥȡꤷʸִϷ֤ˤƵˤ OP_LPA ʹߤоݤȤʤޤOP_LPA ( ִơ줬ޥǤʤȤ狼ȡ x ʹߤоݤȤʤ롢ȤդˤƬ缡ꤷƤ椭3: ǽ̤ȤʤޤϤϤޥƤӽФǤϤޤ</p>
<p>"Software Tools" Ρʤ뤤ϤΡˤˡϳΤ re-scan δʼˡǤ"Software Tools" ϿƤϤޤˤޤȤ⤢ޤϡϤ֤줿ִꥹȤϥϢ³ɤ߹ޤ뤿ˡrescan ִꥹȤۤƸΥޥƤӽФθʬޤǥƤޤǽ뤳ȤǤͥȤ줿ޥǤϡrescan Ƥ뤦ˤĤδ֤ˤͥȥ٥뤬ƤƤޤȤ⤢ꤨޤĤޥ̾Ÿʤޥ䡢ִꥹȤ̤ΰĤޥθƤӽФȾʬȤ֥ޥλ֤Ҥޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define add( x, y) ((x) + (y))
#define head add(
head a, b)
</pre>
<p>줬Ǥδ̯ʥޥƤӽФ ((a) + (b)) ŸޤȤStandard C ǤϤ줬ǧΤƤޤޤĤޤꡢΥޥ undefined ɤˡŪʤΤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>衢åץץåϤޤ֥ޥŸտޤƤȤϻפޤ֤Σåץץåμ嵭Τ褦ʤΤǤäˡޥۤäƤ餷Ÿ̤ȤʤꡢηռŪѤץޤǸ졢줬¾ɸͤȤʤäƤޤĤ Standard C Ǥ⤳ǧ뤳ȤˤʤäΤǤϤʤǤ礦ʤΣåץץåμΤʷ٤̯ de facto standard ͶƳStandard C ˤޤƤΤǤ줬IJIJ椨Ǥ</p>
<p>ơrescan ϺƵ֤Ȥäȡ§ŪʺƵǤꡢ֤ȸäƤ⤢ʤְ㤤ǤϤʤΤǤ롢ȤȤˤʤ뤫ȻפޤƵϺƵǤ̤κƵΤ褦оϰϤ˶Ƥ椯Ȥϸ¤餺षоϰϤ˸˥Ƥ椯Ȥ̯äƵʤΤǤϺƵǤʤƤ֤ⷫǼ¸뤳ȤǤޤƬη֤ǤϤʤ椫η֤ǡ˸ʬǤ椯ΤǤ</p>
<p>äơեΥȤץץǥ쥯ƥ֤٤ƽ줿ΥƥȤͤȡΥ쥺 rescan ǥƥȤκǽ餫Ǹޤ̤ƽƤޤȤǽǤºݡ"Software Tools" ǤϤˡȤäƤꡢߤΣåץץåΥˤƤΤޤʤrescan ȤϥޥŸexpandˤƱǤꡢϤޤƥΤΥޥŸȤƱʤΤǤ</p>
<p>Rescan оݤ˸˥Ƥ椯Ȥϡ¿ޤϤɤŸ٤ΤʥޥȤ C89 Rationale 3.8.3.4. (C99 Rationale 6.10.3.4) ˺ܤäƤΤǤνꤵʤäΤϡ֥ץץΤ quirksʵޤ졢ʡˤޤǤꤷƤⲿˤΩʤפȤƤޤϼŪǤϤषꤹ뤳ȤǤʤäΤǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define f(a) a*g
#define g(a) f(a)
f(2)(9)
</pre>
<p>Ǥϡޤ f(2) 2*g ִޤָ³ȡפ rescan оݤȤʤСޥŸϤǤޤǡf(2)(9) 2*g(9) ȤȡȤʤޤȤָ³ȡפоݤȤ뤿ˡ g(9) ޥƤӽФƤޤf(9) ִޤǡ f(9) Ϥ 9*g ִ٤ȤƱ̾ޥκִػߤεŬѤִʤǤ٤ΤǤf(9) Ȥȡ f(2) κǽִ̤θ g ȡָ³ȡפǤ (9) ΤĤʤäΤ rescan ˤä줿ΤǤΤǡ줬 f(2) θƤӽФΥͥȤˤΤˤΤȽȤʤǤ</p>
<p>ˤĤƤ C90 Corrigendum 1 ԤޤAnnex G.2 Undefined behavior ˼ɲäȤΤǤ</p>
<p>-- A fully expanded macro replacement list contains a function-like macro name as its last preprocessing token (6.8.3).<br>
-- Ÿ줿ޥִꥹȤκǸ礬ؿޥ̾Ǥ (6.8.3)</p>
<p>ϺؤΤǤޤ</p>
<p>ޤ"fully expanded macro replacement list" Ȥʸ̣ǤϡְаΥޥŸ줿ִꥹȡפȲ᤹뤷ޤ f(2)(9) ǤϡƱ̾ޥκִˡf(2) 2*g ִ졢 g function-like ޥ̾ǤȤ狼äȤǤǤ undefined Ȥʤޤʤ f g ΥޥǤϡf θƤӽФɬ undefined ȤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>ΡפŬѤȡISO/IEC 9899:1990 6.8.3 Examples ˤ뼡Τ褦ʥޥ㼨⤽ undefined ȤʤäƤޤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define f(a) f(x * (a))
#define x 2
#define g f
#define w 0,1
#define t(a) a
t(t(g)(0) + t)(1); /* f(2 * (0)) + t(1); */
g(x+(3,4)-w) /* f(2 * (2+(3,4)-0,1)) */
</pre>
<p>ʽϤΥޥƤӽФϥȤ˽褦ŸȤƤޤCorrigendum ŬѤȤϤʤޤ f g ΥޥǤϡg Ȥ identifier ФƤɬ undefined Ȥʤޤg ִꥹȤǤ function-like ޥ̾Ǥ f ͣǺǸ pp-token Ǥ顣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
t(t(g)(0) + t)(1)
</pre>
<p>Ϥޤ t θƤӽФΰŸޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
t(g)(0) + t
</pre>
<p>ˤޤ t(g) ȤޥƤӽФΤǡ줬ŸޤΤˤϤޤŸʤФʤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
g
</pre>
<p>Ƥ줬 f ִȡ undefined ȤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>⤷Τޤޤˤơִ³Ƥ⡢</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
t(f)
f
</pre>
<p>Ȥʤꡢt(f) Ÿ̤κǸ pp-token f ǤΤǡƤ undefined Ǥִ³ȡʤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
f(0) + t
f(x * (0))
f(2 * (0))
f(2 * (0)) + t
t(f(2 * (0)) + t)
f(2 * (0)) + t
</pre>
<p>ǽ t θƤӽФŸޤִꥹȤκǸ夬Ϥ t Ȥ function-like ޥ̾ǤΤǡ undefined Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p>ǤϡϤɤǤ礦</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
g(x+(3,4)-w)
</pre>
<p> g f ִ줿ȤǤǤ undefined Ǥ</p>
<p>Examples G.2 Ȥ̷⤹Ȥ˴٤äƤޤäƤޤ
</p>
<p>⤷ Examples Τ㤬ä줿ȤƤ⡢ Corrigendum ǤϷ褷ƺϲäޤˡG.2 ϵʸǤϤʤɲäʸ˺ʤΤǤʸǤϡָ³ȡפ rescan оݤȤȤƤʤΤǤˡ⤷ Corrigendum ʸ˼ȤƤ⡢</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define head add(
</pre>
<p> add ִꥹȤκǸǤϤʤΤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define head add
</pre>
<p> undefined ȤΤǤϡޤˤ⥢ХǤ"fully expanded" Ȥʸ̣ǤȤ⤢ޤ*1, *2</p>
<p>줬ָ³ȡפ rescan оݤȤȤˤäƤ⤿餵줿 quirks Ǥ뤳ȤϡޤǤ⤢ޤĤĤޤ碌褦ȤФۤɡ𤷤ƤޤΤǤʽˤƱ̾ޥִػߤε꤬ʸϤǽƤޤΰ⤳ˤޤ</p>
<p>¾ Standard C function-like ޥθƤӽФ˺ݤƤϡΥޥŸϤΰǹԤȵꤷƤޤΥޥŸθΥƥȤޤǿäƤޤäΤǤ纮Ǥ顢εȸǤ</p>
<p>η̡ƱޥǤˤȤǤʤȤǰä̤ˤʤȤХȯޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define add( x, y) ((x) + (y))
#define head add(
#define quirk1( w, x, y) w x, y)
#define quirk2( x, y) head x, y)
head a, b);
quirk1( head, a, b);
quirk2( a, b);
</pre>
<p> quirk1() θƤӽФǤϡ裱Ǥ head add( ִ줿塢 rescan Ǵ뤷ʤޥƤӽФȤ violation of constraintʿХ顼ȤʤϤǤquirk2() head a, b) ϥ顼ˤʤ餺</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
((a) + (b))
</pre>
<p>Ÿ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ</p>
<p>Ĥ褦ǤХȤϤ٤ơ̤˥ޥ re- scan ǡָ³ΥȡפޤǤоݤȤʤäƤޤȤȯƤΤǤϡŸ¾ΥƥʬΩƹԤ뤿ˤϡȤִꥹȤϤ֤ˡǤäƤ⡢ɤΥͥȥ٥Ǥ뤫ȤղäɬפޤȤа̤ˤָ³Υȡפ rescan оݤ˼ޤʤ褦ˤ뤳Ȥưפ˼¸ǤϤǤषߤȾüʵǤϡȤǤʤȤǽѤɬפꡢˤ;פô̤ˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>äΥޥŸŪ˥ǥͤʸִκפȤɤƤޤǥͤʸִü˹ⵡǽʣΤ pre-Standard ΥޥŸȸǤ礦</p>
<p>Ф Standard C ǤϡĤޥˤ虜虜 function-like ޥȤ̾ޤդơθƤӽФιʸؿƤӽФ˶դ褦ȤȹͤޤΥޥϴŸƤѥ֤Ȥ⡢ŸϰǹԤȤ⡢θ§˹äΤǤȤ̤˥ޥ rescan ϸ³ΥȡȤ꤬θ§֥亮Ƥޤƥִη֤ȤĤΰʪǤ</p>
<p>³Υȡ rescan оݤƤޤСޥŸϴ˺ƵŪˡʤоϰϤˤˤƵΤӤ˶Ƥ椯褦ˡʾʤȤ뤳ȤϤʤ褦ˡ˵ꤹ뤳ȤǤΤǤơfunction-like ޥϤ̾ˤդ路ޥȤơʤΤˤʤäȤǤ礦ƤϺȤϤäˤȤϻפʤΤǡʤʤäΤñ ANSI C ѰĤѤIJڤȤǤĤʤäȤͤޤ*3</p>
<p>C99 ǤϤåѥڤȤƤ餤äΤǤޤ䤳IJĤäƤޤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 ԤΤ褦 function-like ޥ̾Ÿ object-like ޥȤΤϡºݤΥץǤܤˤΤǤ롣Τ褦ʤΤǤ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define add( x, y) ((x) + (y))
#define sub( x, y) ((x) - (y))
#define OP add
OP( x, y);
</pre>
<p>ԤΤ褦 function-like ޥθƤӽФȾʬŸΤۤŪʤΤǤϤʤʤФʤʤͳϲʤFunction-like ޥΥͥȤϼΤ褦 function-like ޥǤΤɤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define OP( x, y) add( x, y)
</pre>
<p>*2 Corrigendum ˤФƤͳϡC90 ISO C ѰSC 22 / WG 14ˤ "Record of Responses to Defect Reports" ȤʸǤ狼#017 / Question 19ˡANSI C Rationale 3.8.3.4 f(2)(9) ΥޥŸ˴ؤǾ֤줿ΤǤ롣ľܤϡƱ̾ޥִػߡפεŬϰϤäϤǤ뤬ѰƱ̾ޥ˸¤ʤŪȤƲƤޤäΤǤ롣β Examples Ȥδ̷֤ȯ뤳Ȥˤϵդʤä褦Ǥ롣</p>
<p>ˡ "fully expanded" Ȥʸ̯Ǥ롣f(2) 2*g ִ졢g ޤǺ줿 fully expanded ʤΤǤ</p>
<p>⤷ʤ顢ʾִϵʤ顢undefined ˤʤʤϤǤ롣⤷ޤ fully expanded Ǥʤʤ顢g ³ (9) ȤȤ˺졢f(9) ִ롣⤷줬 fully expanded Ǥʤ顢2*f(9) κǸ pp-token function-like ޥ̾ǤϤʤ顢βϤƤϤޤʤ</p>
<p>ʤޥŸϤĽΤȤʤäƤȤǡ֥ޥŸäפȸäƤΤǤ롣Ͻ۴ˡǤ롣ơޥŸϤĽΤޤޤ狼ʤʤäƤޤäΤǤ롣</p>
<p>C99 1997/11 draft Ǥ Corrigendum Τιܤ Annex K.2 Undefined behavior ˼ޤƤ1998/08 draft ǤϺơؤä Annex J.1 Unspecified behavior ˼Τ褦ʰɲä줿ơɤ줬 C99 ˺Ѥ줿</p>
<blockquote>
<p>When a fully expanded macro replacement list contains a function-like macro name as its last preprocessing token and the next preprocessing token from the source file is a (, and the fully expanded replacement of that macro ends with the name of the first macro and the next preprocessing token from the source file is again a (, whether that is considered a nested replacement.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>ѰϤ褦䤯 Corrigendum ̷˵Ť褦Ǥ롣ʸκŪϤΤޤޤǤ롣ޤޥŸĽΤ⡢ɤ unspecified Ǥ롣⡢'(' ˤ뤫ɤǶ̤ȤΤǤϡƱޥˤ¾ΥޥִꥹˤȤǷ̤äƤȤȤǤꡢӤʤͤǤ롣</p>
<p>ˤĤƤϡ<a href="#3.4.26">3.4.26</a> ⻲ȤΤȡ
</p>
<p>ʤC++ Standard ǤϥޥŸ˴ؤ뵬 C90 ƱǤꡢC90 Corrigendum 1 Τ C99 Annex J.1 ɲä줿ʤ</p>
<p>*3 Ƥ⡢ FUNC2( x, y) Ϥ⤷줬¾ΥޥƤӽФΰˤäϡŸ FUNC1 ( x, y) Ȥʤꡢ˸Υޥ rescan ((x) + (y)) Ÿ뤳Ȥˤʤ롣ʤˤȤǤʤȤǺǽŪŸ̤ۤʤ롣Ϥޤ̤μǤꡢԹǤϤʤǤ</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.7" href="#toc.2.7.7">2.7.7. C90 Corrigendum 1, 2, Amendment 1 Ǥɲ</a></h3>
<p>ISO/IEC 9899:1990 ˤĤƤϡ1994 Corrigendum 1ˤ1995 Amendment 1ˤФ졢 1996 Corrigendum 2 Фޤ</p>
<p>Corrigendum 1 ΤۤϤʸۤȤɤǤĤץץ˱ƶͿΤޤޤƤޤΣĤ <a href="2.7.6">2.7.6</a> Υޥκ˴ؤΤǤ</p>
<p>⤦ĤϥޥΥޥ̾ $ ޤޤƤˤĤƤΡüʵǤ</p>
<p>Standard C Ǥ identifier ʸȤ $ ǧƤޤǧϤŪ¸ߤƤޤtest-t/e_18_4.t ˤ 18.9 ϡStandard C Ǥ $ ʸǣĤ pp-token ȲᤵΤǡޥ̾ THIS $ ʹߤ object-like ޥִꥹȤȤʤꡢTHIS$AND$THAT Ȥ̾ function-like ޥȤץΰտޤȤϤޤää̤ˤʤޤ</p>
<p>Corrigendum 1 Ǥϡ˴ؤ㳰Ū꤬ɲäޤʤobject-like ޥִꥹȤ non-basic character ǻϤޤϡޥִ̾ꥹȤȤ white-space ʬΥƤʤФʤʤפȤΤǤ 18.9 ФƤ Standard C ϿǥåФʤФʤʤΤǤˤäơ$ @ ޥ̾˻ȤƤ륽ۤäưտޤʤ̤˥ץץ֤ɤȤ櫓Ǥ쿴εǤ㳰ΤϺäΤǤ$ @ identifier ǧʤϤǤϡޥϤȤץץǥ顼ȤʤʤƤ⡢ѥեɬ顼ˤʤϤʤΤǡ㳰ɬפϤʤȻפޤ*1</p>
<p>ΤۤISO 9899:1990 Ǥ header-name Ȥ pp-token #include directive ˤƤϤʤʤȤ̣ constraint ޤCorrigendum 1 ǡheader-name #include directive Ǥǧʤޤ</p>
<p>Amendment 1 multi-byte character, wide character Ӥʸ饤֥ؿɲä濴ǡȼä <wchar.h>, <wctype.h> ȤɸإåɲäޤޤISO 646 ʸåȤ˴ޤޤʤʸ䤽Ȥä token, pp-token ɽˡȤơtrigraph ¤֤⤦ĤȤ <iso646.h> Ȥɸإå digraph ε꤬ɲäޤ<iso646.h> ϤĤ operator ޥ뤴ñʥإåǡäϤޤ*2</p>
<p> digraph Ǥ trigraph Ȥ褯ƤơӤϤۤȤƱʤΤǤץץǤΰ֤ŤϤޤääƤޤTrigraph character Ǥꡢtranslation phase 1 ̾ character ѴΤФơdigraph token, pp-token ʤΤǤDigraph sequence # 黻ҤˤäʸϡѴˤΤޤʸʤФʤޤʤ # ΤΤ digraph Ǥ %: ȽΤǤ뤬ˡΤᡢƤΤˡϤϾʤȤ phase 4 ޤǤϤ pp-token ȤݤäƤɬפޤѴȤСθǤʸƥ digraph ǤϤʤtoken ȤƻĤä digraph sequence Ѵˡ</p>
<p>ϽϤ̵ѤôΤǤTrigraph Ʊͤ character Ȥǧphase 1 ѴƤޤۤˤʤޤ pp-token Ȥݤϲ⤢ޤAmendment ⡢digraph ̾ token Ȥΰ㤤ʸˤȯʤƤޤPhase 1 Ѵ褦ˤ "%:" ȤäʸƥΤ˺Ȥ뤫⤷ޤ trigraph ǤƱͤǤꡢ夲ˤϤޤˤüǤɤƤ "%" ":" ȤФߤޤDigraph trigraph alternative Ȥ phase 1 Ѵ褦˰֤Ťʤ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C99, C++ Standard ǤϤεϾäƤ롣</p>
<p>C99 ǤϤΤˡ6.10.3 Macro replacement / Constraints ˼ΰ̲꤬դä줿</p>
<blockquote>
<p>There shall be white-space between the identifier and the replacement list in the definition of an object-like macro.</p>
</blockquote>
<p> tokenization 㳰ǤΤǡʤ</p>
<p>*2 C++ Standard Ǥϡ identifier operator ϥޥǤϤʤ token Ǥ롣ʤΤʥץץ٤Ȥϸ餹ȤȯۤˡȤˤϤˤȤäƤϤäʤȤǤ롣</p>
<h3><a name="2.7.8" href="#toc.2.7.8">2.7.8. Ĺʵ</a></h3>
<p>C90 5.1.1.2, C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phasesեˤ 3 ˤϡ³ϤʤΤξĹʵ꤬ޤ</p>
<blockquote>A source file shall not end in a partial preprocessing token or comment.</blockquote>
<p>Translation phase 2 ǡե <newline> ̵Ǥޤ <backslash> <newline> ǽäƤϤʤʤȤΤǡphase 2 ̤äեɬ <backslash> Τʤ <newline> ǽޤPartial preprocessing token ǽ뤳ȤϷ褷ƤޤPartial preprocessing token षΤȤƤϡ " ' <, > бΤȤƤʤΤޤ C90 6.1 Lexical Elementsʻǡ/ Semanticsʰ̣§ˤ undefined ȤƤΤǤꡢޤ˸¤äǤϤޤ"partial preprocessing token or" פʸǤ</p>
<p>C90 6.8.1, C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusionʾդߡ/ Constraintsˤˤϸɽޤ</p>
<blockquote>it shall not contain a cast; identifiers (including those lexically identical to keywords) are interpreted as described below;</blockquote>
<p> "it shall not contain a cast; " ϼǤ³ʬ Semanticsʰ̣§ˤǡkeyword Ʊ identifier ޤह٤Ƥ identifier ϥޥǤŸ졢Ĥä identifier 0 ɾ뤳Ȥ餫ˤƤޤCast ̤˼夲ɬפϤޤ(type) ȤʸǤ type ñʤ identifier Ȥư뤳Ȥ餫Ǥ</p>
<p>դˡ줬 constraint ˤȡϤ cast ιʸǧơФǥåФʤФʤʤȤ⡢ᤵޤϵʽΰտޤǤϤʤǤ礦Translation phase 4 Ǥ keyword ¸ߤʤΤǡcast ǧΤ褦ʤΤǤsizeof ⤳ǤƱǤ sizeof ˸ڤcast 夲ƤΤ̯ʤȤǤʸּפȸޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.8" href="#toc.2.8">2.8. C99 Υץץ</a></h2>
<p>C99 Ǥϡץץ˴ؤƤϼλͤɲäƤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>̻ҡʸƥ롢ʸpp-number \uxxxx, \Uxxxxxxxx η 16 sequence UCN (universal-character-name) ȸUnicode ʸ̣ͤ롣 basic source character set ˴ޤޤʤ extended character ꤹΤǤʤФʤʤ# 黻Ҥˤä UCN ʸ줿 \ Ťͤ뤫ɤ implementation-defined Ȥ롣<br>
<br>
<li>̻ implementation-defined ʸȤȤǤ롣äơΤ褦 multi-byte-characters ̻˻Ȥ imple-mentation ǽȤʤä<br>
<br>
<li>// ޤǤȤȤư<br>
<br>
<li>Pp-number e+, E+, e-, E- Ʊͤ p+, P+, p-, P- Ȥ sequence ǧ롣 0x1.FFFFFEp+128 ȤդˡưΥӥåȥѥʤɽ뤿ΤΤǤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>#if ηϤνϤκȤ롣long long / unsigned long long ɬܤǤΤǡ#if η long long ޤϤʾΥȤʤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>ѸĤΥޥȤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>ޥƤӽФΥͭʰȤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>ޥ <tt>__STDC_HOSTED__</tt> ɲä롣 hosted implementation Ǥ 1 ˡǤʤ 0 롣ޥ <tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> 199901L 롣<br>
<br>
<li>ޥ <tt>__STDC_ISO_10646__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__</tt> ץȤɲä롣<br>
<br>
<li>_Pragma operator ߤ롣<br>
<br>
<li>#pragma STDC ǻϤޤǥ쥯ƥ̾ʤȽѤͽư黻ɽĤ #pragma STDC ǥ쥯ƥ֤ɲä롣#pragma STDC ǻϤޤǥ쥯ƥ֤ϥޥŸоݤȤʤǤʤ #pragma ԤϥޥŸоݤȤ뤫ɤ implementation-defined Ǥ롣<br>
<br>
<li>Wide-character-string-literal character-string-literal ȤܤƤΤ C90 Ǥ undefined Ǥä Wide-character-string-literal ȤϢ뤹롣<br>
<br>
<li>#line ΰȤƻȤֹϰϤ [1,2147483647] ˳礹롣<br>
<br>
<li>Translation limits Τ褦˰夲롣<br>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr><th>ԤĹ </th><td>4095 Х</td></tr>
<tr><th>ʸƥ롢ʸheader name Ĺ</th><td>4095 Х</td></tr>
<tr><th> identifier Ĺ </th><td>63 ʸ</td></tr>
<tr><th>#include Υͥ </th><td>15 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>#if, #ifdef, #ifndef Υͥ </th><td>63 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>ΥåΥͥ </th><td>63 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>ޥΥѥο </th><td>127 </td></tr>
<tr><th>Ǥޥο </th><td>4095 </td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<li>Header name ϣʸ + . + ʸޤǤݾڤƤʸ + . + ʸޤǤѹ롣<br>
</ol>
<p>ѰޥȤΤϡΤ褦ʤΤǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define debug(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
</pre>
<p>Ȥޥȡ
</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
debug( "X = %d\n", x);
</pre>
<p>ȤޥƤӽФϼΤ褦Ÿޤ
</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
fprintf(stderr, "X = %d\n", x);
</pre>
<p>ʤѥꥹ ... İʾΥѥִ̣ꥹ __VA_ARGS__ бޤơޥƤӽФˤ ... бʣäƤ⡢ , ޤϢ뤷ΤĤΰΤ褦˰ޤ</p>
<p>C90 undefined behavior ȤƤΤˤϡʬ̣ΤβǽʤΤޤޥƤӽФΥʤɤǡ 0 Ĥ pp-token Ȳ᤹뤳ȤͭѤʾ礬ޤC99 Ǥϡ줬ͭʰȤޤ</p>
<p>_Pragma( "foo bar") Ƚ #pragma foo bar Ѵ _Pragma Ȥĥ黻Ҥ C99 Ǽ夲Ƥޤ#pragma Ԥΰ C90 ǤϥޥŸ줺ޥŸη̤Ȥ #pragma ǥ쥯ƥιԤϥǥ쥯ƥ֤Ȥư줺ޥִꥹ #pragma ȤǤʤΤФơ_Pragma ϥޥִꥹ˽ȤǤη̤Ȥ #pragma ϥǥ쥯ƥ֤ȤưȤĥܤȤǡˤ #pragma portability 夵褦ȤΤǤ</p>
<p>§ŪʳĥʤƤ⡢#pragma ԤΰϥޥŸоݤȤȤѹäۤǤꡢ portability ΰտޤϤʤãǤϤǤξϥޥ #pragma ȤǤʤȤĤꡢޥŸƤϤʤ #pragma ΰϥ桼֤̾ڤΥ __ ǻϤޤ̾ѹʤФʤʤȤ꤬ФƤޤ_Pragma() operator §ŪǤϤΤΡݤȤۤɤǤʤʻͤȻפޤ</p>
<p>Unicode Ƴˤ꤬ꤹޤޤϤ multi-byte character Unicode ȤѴΤ˵ɽѰդʤФʤ餺礭 overhead ޤ16 ӥåȰʲΥƥǤϻ¾塢ԲǽǤUnicode äƤʤƥ¸ߤޤޤUnicode multi-byte character ȤǤϰа mapping Ǥʤ礬¿ޤץιݲȤ̾ܤ Unicode øɸϰ̤֤ΤϡȻפޤ</p>
<p>C99 Ǥ 1997/11 draft C++ Standard ٤ UCN ΰ˸षץץåôŪʤޤΤᡢ<b>mcpp</b> Ǥμǽˤʤޤ*1</p>
<p>ѥΤôϰ礭ΤޤޤΤʤɽǤΤǡtrigraph ƱͤˡޤȤʤǽ뤳Ȥͽۤޤ*2</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 1997/11 draft Ǥ C++ Standard ȤۤƱͤˡtranslation phase 1 basic source character set ˴ޤޤʤ extended character Ϥ٤ UCN Ѵphase 5 execution character set ʸ˺Ѵ뤳ȤˤʤäƤ</p>
<p>⤷ϡץץȸˤѴġƤӽФȤȤˤʤȻפ롣Ѵ OS ˰¸ΤʤΤǡ̤ΥġˤۤŪǤ롣</p>
<p>*2 C99 Rationale 5.2.1 Character sets ˤȡλͤϽ°Υġ multi-byte character ΥȤδ֤ߤѴƻȤȤꤷΤȤƤ롣Multi-byte character ʸƥʬڤΥ̥եˤޤȤƤƽȤȤǤɤޤǼѤˤʤΤǤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="2.9" href="#toc.2.9">2.9. ʥץץ</a></h2>
<p>ʾ˽Ҥ٤Ƥ Standard C ץץȻ䤬ͤΤϡΤޤ Standard C ؤ˾Ǥ⤢ޤޤȤȡΤ褦ʤȤˤʤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li><stdio.h> η header-name obsolescent featureѻͽ굡ǽˤȤ롣Ǥ header-name ʸƥΤΤˤ롣<br>
<li>Token-based ʥץץθ§Ӥ# 黻Ҥϰ token separator ̵ͭ˺ʤ褦ˡtoken separator ʤƤ pp-token ֤ˤϤ٤ single space ʸ뤳Ȥˤ롣<br>
<li>Ʊͤˡޥκ˺ݤƤϡִꥹ token separator ̵ͭΰ㤤ˤʤȤˤ롣<br>
<li>ޥκ˺ݤƥѥ̾ΰ㤤å뤳ȤϡϤΥСإåɤ䤹ǤۤȤͭʤΤǡΰ㤤ˤʤȤˤ롣<br>
<li>ʸɾϼ¹ԻĶؤ䤤碌ɬפȤΤǤꡢ#if ǤͭۤȤɤʤΤǡ #if оݤ롣<br>
<li>ؿͥޥδؿͤΰŰ줷ޥƤӽФˤäƤִꥹˤäƤ⸶§ȤƱ pp-token sequence 褦ˡޥ rescanning ִꥹȤоݤȤޥƤӽФ³ pp-token sequence оݤȤʤȤˤ롣<br>
<li>Digraph token ǤϤʤtrigraph Ʊͤ character spelling Ȥtranslation phase 1 Ѵ뤳Ȥˤ롣<br>
<li>Translation phase 3 εΤ"partial preprocessing token or" Ϻ롣<br>
<li>#if ˴ؤ "it shall not contain a cast; " Ȥܤ con-straint C99 footnote 140 ˵ۼ롣<br>
<li>Trigraphs ϥ衼åΦǤϼºݤ˻ȤƤΤǤ ⤷ʤȤƤΤǤлĤʤǤʤѻߤ<br>
</ol>
<p>Ϥ⡢Ե§ʵ§ץץñˤ褦ȤΤǤˤäƥץץ狼䤹ʤ뤳Ȥϴְ㤤ʤǤ礦դ˺뤳ȤϤۤȤɤʤϤǤ</p>
<p><b>mcpp</b> ǤϡStandard ⡼ɤǤ Standard C εʤȤޤ Standard C Υץץ˼ƤĤǤpost-Standard Ȥ⡼ɤǤϰʾѹäץץ¸ƤޤʤΤۤUCN, identifier multi-byte characters λѤƤˡ</p>
<p>C90 Amendment 1, Corrigendum 1 ǤϡץץˤĤƤԵ§ʵ§Ե§䤹ưƤޤޤ</p>
<p>C99 Ǥ⡢ǽɲä줿Фǡ嵭Τ褦κ𤬤ɤʤäΤϻǰǤ*1</p>
<p>C99 ɲä줿ͤˤĤƤϡᤷȻפޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>Unicode (UCN) ƳϥץˤȤɤ롣
</ol>
<p>ʤ嵭Τۤˡ#if ŬѤα黻§ˤĤƤ⤦꤬ޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>α黻̤ϤηɽǤϰϤˤʤФʤʤȤ constraint 뤬Ϥ٤ƤŬѤΤʤΤɤǤ롣㳰ϵܤƤʤȤߤȡʸξǤϤ٤ƤŬѤȲ᤹뤷ʤStandard C ΰտޤϡɬפʤȤǤϡפȤȤǤΤˤ٤Ǥ롣ޤ¾ǡʤϷ褷 overflow ʤפȤ⤢ꡢʤ黻ϰϤĶ˿ǥåФ٤ɤϡȤˤޤǤϥѥɾǤΤǤΤǡǥåФΤŬȻפˡ
</ol>
<p>ϥץץͭǤϤʤΤǡʾޤ</p>
<p>ޤC90 Ǥ /, % 黻Ҥˤγ껻ˤĤơʬ졦ʬҤޤξη̤ implementation-defined ȤҤɤ꤬ޤC99 Ǥ div(), ldiv() ƱͤεȤʤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C99 ؤγƼ defect report 䤽Ф response corrigendum draft ϼ ftp site ˤ롣 ISO/SC22/WG14 official ftp server ȤʤäƤꡢʤȤ⺣ΤȤ anonymous ftp ǤSC ȤΤ steering committee άǡWG working group Ǥ롣SC22 ȤΤϥץεʤĤȤǡWG14 C εʤôƤˡ</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/">http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<br>
<h1><a name="3" href="#toc.3">3. Validation Suite </a></h1>
<h2><a name="3.1" href="#toc.3.1">3.1. Validation Suite for Conformance of Preprocessing</a></h2>
<p>test-t, test-c, test-l, tool, cpp-test Ȥǥ쥯ȥäƤΡӤ cpp-test.html ΤΤκä "Validation Suite for Standard C Conformance of Preprocessing" ʡ֥ץץɸŬѥȥ켰סˤǤǤդνϤΥץץ Standard C (ISO C) ٤ܺ٤˥ƥȤΤǤStandard C/C++ ǵꤵƤ뤹٤ƤΥץץͤ夷ƤĤǤˡ곰λ˴ؤ뤪ޤ⤿ޤ</p>
<p>Standard C ȤƤϡϤư뤳ȤϤǤǤʤɥȤɬפʻबΤ˵ܤƤ뤳ȤɬפǤˤĤƤ <a href="#3.5">3.5</a> ޤ</p>
<h3>3.1.1. test-t ǥ쥯ȥΥƥѥץ</h3>
<p>test-t Ȥǥ쥯ȥˤ 183 ܤΥץƥȤäƤޤΤ 30 ܤϥإåե롢145 ܤϺڤΥץƥȤǡ8 ܤϺڤΥץƥȤޤȤեǤإåեʳϰ *.cc Ȥ̾ǤȤϤ٤ *.t Ȥ̾ĤƤޤϥѥեȤϴطʤץץեƥȤΤǤäơɬäץηˤϤʤäƤޤץץƥѤΥץƥȤȸ٤ΤǤ</p>
<p>Standard C νϤϥץץȥѥȤ̤ƽ뤳ȤǤΤǡϤˤäƤϥץץڤΥƥƥȤ뤳ȤǤޤ *.t Υץ뤽ΤΤ Standard C ˽äƤʤȤޤץץڤΥƥƥȤǤϤ¿ꡢǤʤڤΥƥƥȤۤͤΤˤʤޤ *.t ΥץϤΤΤΤǤ</p>
<p>C++ ΥץϡϤˤäƤ *.c, *.t Ȥ̾Ǥ C++ ΥȤưʤΤ⤢Τǡ*.cc Ȥ̾ΤΤѰդƤޤƤб *.t ƱǤ</p>
<p>ץƥȤΥեˤ̾ n_ ǻϤޤΡnormal ΰաˡi_ ǻϤޤΡimplementation-dependent ΰաˡm_ ǻϤޤΡmultibyte character ΰաˡe_ ǻϤޤΡerroneous ΰաˤޤ</p>
<p>n_ ǻϤޤΤϡץץ˴ؤƤϴְ㤤 undefined ưΤ implementation-defined ʬޤޤʤץǤStandard C Υץץåϡ顼ˤǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p>i_ ǻϤޤΤϡʸåȤ˴ؤ implementation-defined ʻͤ˰¸륵ץǡASCII ʸåȤȤƤޤASCII ʸåȤ Standard C νϤΥץץåϡ顼ˤǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p>e_ ǻϤޤΤϡ餫 violation of syntax rule or constraintʤ顼ޤॵץǤStandard C ΥץץåϡƨȤʤǤǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p>n_, i_, m_, e_ θ˿³Τ C90 Υץץ, C90 C99 ζ̤ΥץץͤƥȤ륵ץǤإåեΤpragmas.h, ifdef15.h, ifdef31.h, ifdef63.h, long4095.h nest9.h nest15.h ޤǤ C99 ΥץץͤƥȤ륵ץǡ¾Υإåե C90 C99 ζ̤ΤΤǤ</p>
<p>n_, i_, e_, u_ std, post ʳΥե٥åȤ³Τ C99 C++ ΥץǤn_dslcom.t, n_ucn1.t, e_ucn.t, u_concat.t C99 C++98 ζ̤Ρn_bool.t, n_cnvucn.t, n_cplus.t, e_operat.t, u_cplus.t C++ Ρ¾ C99 ΥץץͤƥȤ륵ץǤ</p>
<p>?_std.t Ȥ̾Υե C90 κڤեޤȤΤǤ?_std99.t Ϥ C99 ǤǤ?_post.t, ?_post99.t Ȥ̾Υեϥޥǡ<b>mcpp</b> post-Standard ⡼ɤΥƥȤΤΤΤǤ</p>
<p>u_*.t Ȥ̾Υեϥޥǡundefined behavior ΥƥȤڤΥեǤundefs.t ϤܤˤޤȤΤǤunbal?.h ϤǻȤإåեǤunspcs.t unspecified behavior ΥƥȤΤǡwarns.t ϰʾΤɤˤƤϤޤʤϤ˥ФΤ˾ޤƥȤܤեǤunspcs.t, warns.t ⥪ޥǤm_ ǻϤޤΤϡmulti-byte character, wide character Ȥƿ encoding ĤΤѰդƤޤǤС¿ encoding 뤳Ȥ˾ޤޤm_* ϵʽΥƥȤǤϤʤu_* Ʊͤʼɾܤ°Ƥޤ</p>
<p>misc.t, recurs.t, trad.t ϥޥΥޥǤΣĤϥץץåɾоݤȤϤޤmisc.t ϵʽ䤽¾νҤ˺ܤäƤΡɽˤäƷ̤ۤʤƥȡtranslation phase 5, 6 ˴ؤƥȡĥǽΥƥȡΤǤrecurs.t üʺƵŪޥΥץǡtrad.t ϸŤ "Reiser model cpp" ΤΥץǤ</p>
<h3>3.1.2. test-c ǥ쥯ȥΥƥѥץ</h3>
<p>test-c Ȥǥ쥯ȥˤ 133 ܤΥե뤬äƤꡢΤ 26 ܤϥإåե24 ܤ test-t ΤΤƱˡ102 ܤϺڤΥץ륽ǡ3 ܤϺڤΥץ륽ޤȤե롢¾ 2 ܤϼưƥȤ˻ȤեǤΤ 32 ܤϥޥΥץ륽ǤإåեʳΥϤ٤ *.c Ȥ̾ĤƤޤϣäΥץηˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>Ϥꡢn_, i_, m_, e_ ǻϤޤ̾ĤƤޤn_ ǻϤޤΤϡStandard C Ǹ strictly conforming program ʴְ㤤ϰ¸ʬʤץˤǤϤϤ顼ˤѥ뤷¹ԤǤʤФʤޤ¹ԤǤϤ줾</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
started
success
</pre>
<p>ȤåФޤn_std.c ˸¤äƤϡΥåϽФ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
<End of "n_std.c">
</pre>
<p>ȤäλΥåФޤǤʤϲ餫μԤΥåФޤi_ ǻϤޤΤ ASCII ȤʸΥץǡASCII ʸåȤĽϤϡ n_ ǻϤޤΤƱͤѥ뤷¹ԤǤʤФʤޤe_ ǻϤޤΤˤĤƤϡϤϥѥʥץץ˻ǤǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p>ѥ뤢뤤ϼ¹ԤˤƥȤϺǤΥƥˡǤˡǤϽϤ˴ְ㤤뤳ȤϤ狼äƤ⡢ɤ˴ְ㤤ΤΤˤʤʤ礬ޤ *.c եץץåˤ̤ơη̤ܤǸƥƥȤ뤳ȤǤΤǡϤ¤ꤽۤΤɾǤޤ*.t եΤۤüŪǤˡ<br>
?_std.c Ȥ̾ΥեϺڤեޤȤΤǤ<br>
u_*.c Ȥ̾Υեϥޥǡundefined behavior ΥƥȤڤΥեǤundefs.c ϤܤˤޤȤΤǤunspcs.c unspecified behavior ΥƥȤΤǡwarns.c ϰʾΤɤˤƤϤޤʤϤ˥ФΤ˾ޤƥȤܤեǤunspcs.c, warns.c ⥪ޥǤm_ ǻϤޤ륵ץˤϿ multi-byte character encoding бΤޤ<br>
test-c ǥ쥯ȥˤ C99 ΥƥȤϴޤޤƤޤޤC99 ˽ʬбƤ륳ѥΤʤǤC++ ΥƥȤ test-t ǥ쥯ȥˤޤ</p>
<h3>3.1.3. test-l ǥ쥯ȥΥƥѥץ</h3>
<p>test-l ǥ쥯ȥäƤΤϡ translation limits ΥƥȤ뤿ΥץǤ144 ܤΤ٤ƤޥǤ*.c, *.t, *.h ե뤬äƤޤ</p>
<p>*.h ե test-t, test-c, test-l γƥǥ쥯ȥ˽ʣƴޤޤƤΤʤꤢޤʣإåեĤΥǥ쥯ȥˤޤȤȡ㤨</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include "../test-t/nest1.h"
</pre>
<p>Ȥä롼ɤΤɬפˤʤޤѥꥹȤηեõˡʴǥ쥯ȥɤ֤ˤ٤ implementation-defined ǤꡢߴݾڤƤʤΤǡ뤿˽ʣȤ鷺ƥǥ쥯ȥ˥إåե֤Ƥޤʤ⤽֥ǥ쥯ȥפȤǰ C Standard ϽƤˡ</p>
<h3>3.1.4. tool ǥ쥯ȥΥġ</h3>
<p>tool Ȥǥ쥯ȥˤϡưƥԤΤɬפʥġ뤬äƤޤ</p>
<h3>3.1.5. cpp-test ǥ쥯ȥ GCC/testsuite ѥץ</h3>
<p>cpp-test Ȥǥ쥯ȥˤΤϡGCC / testsuite ǻȤΥץǤtest-t, test-l ǥ쥯ȥΤΤ testsuite Ѥ˽ľǤ֤Ƥޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="3.2" href="#toc.3.2">3.2. ƥˡ</a></h2>
<p>Validation Suite ǥƥȤˤϡϤ Standard C ˶դ뤿Υץϡ٤ƻꤷޤʶ <a href="#6.1">6.1</a> ȡˡ</p>
<h3><a name="3.2.1" href="#toc.3.2.1">3.2.1. ưƥ</a></h3>
<p>test-t, test-c γƥǥ쥯ȥȤ⡢礭ޤȤեȤʤڤΥեȡΥץ뤬ޤץץå Standard C ٤⤱СʤȤ n_* ˤĤƤϤޤȤեǥƥȤǤޤۤɹ⤯ʤϤΥեǤ椫ץץå˴٤äơʹߤιܤΥƥȤǤʤʤäƤޤȤΤǡڤΥեѰդƤޤޤڤˤȥեο䤿ƥƥȤμ֤ΤǡøʤȤŶƤޤϤˤäƤϡκڤΥץǤǸޤǽǤʤȤޤξϤΥץʬ䤷ƥƥȤƤ</p>
<p>ޤ#error directive ϽϤˤäƤϽλΤǡ#error ΥƥȤ륵ץϤޤȤեƤޤ#include Υ顼ǽλ뤳Ȥ¿ΤǡޤȤեˤƤޤ</p>
<h4>3.2.1.1. ܻƥ</h4>
<p>*.t ΥץϡץץåΩץˤʤäƤ硢ޤϥѥ˥ץץΥƥȤϤ륪ץ˻ȤޤΥեץץ̤ľܡܤǸơ˽Ƥ̤Ȱפ뤫ɤΤޤץץη̤ľܸ뤳ȤǤΤǡϤ¤ꤳǥƥȤۤΤȽǤǤޤ</p>
<p>*.c Υץ¿ "defs.h" Ȥإåե include Ƥޤ "defs.h" ˤϣ assert ޥƤΤǡΤΤɤ줫ĤϤǤ #if 0 0 1 ˤޤܤΤΤ <assert.h> include ǤܤΤΤ assertion ԤƤ abort ʤ assert ޥǤϤ assert ޥǤϤޤΥƥȤǤϤषΤۤǤ礦</p>
<p>Multi-byte character νϼ¹ԻĶˤäƽϤưͤѤ礬Τǡm_* ΥƥȤˤդɬפǤ<a href="#4.1">4.1</a> ȡˡ</p>
<h4>3.2.1.2. ƥȤ륿å</h4>
<p>ƥȤˤ꤬ޤ
ƥȤ褦ȤȡϤ¾η٤ˤҤääƤޤȤ뤫Ǥ㤨 <limits.h> ְäƤ硢 include #if ΥƥȤ褦Ȥȡ<limits.h> ΥƥȤƤΤ #if ΥƥȤƤΤ狼ʤʤäƤޤޤ*.c եѥ뤷¹ԤƥȤǤϡ*.t եץץƥȤäȤäˤʤޤǽŪʷְ̤äƤСϤ˲餫η٤뤳ȤϤϤäꤷޤƥȤ褦Ȥ˷٤Τɤϡɬ餫ǤϤޤ</p>
<p> Validation Suite ǤϥåȤȤŪʤ褦ˤפĤǤValidation Suite Τ portable ǤʤФʤʤȤꡢޤƥȤ뤿ˤ¾θͤƤ뤳ȤȤޤäơΡפȤƻȤץץλϡλåȤȤƥȹܰʳΤȤǤۤΤ˥ƥȤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ˽Ҥ٤פˤĤƤ⡢ۤ뤳ȤαդƤޤϤ륵ץν˼Ԥ硢ˤΥץ뤬åȤȤƥȹܤǼԤΤȤ¾װǼԤΤϡ¾ΥƥȤȤʻƸʤȽǤǤʤȤޤ</p>
<h4>3.2.1.3. </h4>
<p>ƥƥȹܤˤĤƤϡ줾ƤޤδƤޤStandard C ˤϥ֥åȤȤΤϤʤΤǡܤ˹פƤʤи̩ˤ Standard C Ȥϸޤ¤ˤϤϤϤʤʤʤΤǡϤɾˤ Standard C ٤ȤʪȤ虜ޤơܤν٤ˤ礭ʺΤǡʹܤο櫓ˤϤ椫٤˱ޤ</p>
<p>ˤϵҴŪʴϤޤ Validation Suite ϻ䤬˷Τǡ礷ϤޤǤ⡢Ϥεʹ٤ҴŪɾ뤿ܰ¤ˤϤʤǤ礦</p>
<p>n_*, i_*, e_*, d_* ϵʽ٤˴ؤƥȤǡϸ§Ȥ 2 ñ̤ޤʳΥƥȤʼɾǤϡq_* 2 ñ̤ǡ¾ 1 ñ̤ޤǥåФ٤ȤǤϡФˤϽФʤΤǤϡϤʤȤˤޤޤäְ㤤ǤϤʤΤΤʤԥȤΤ줿ǥåξϡȾʬ뤳ȤޤޤץǿǥåФȤϽϤμͳǤְäǥåФϸоݤȤޤ</p>
<h3><a name="3.2.2" href="#toc.3.2.2">3.2.2. cpp_test ˤ뼫ưƥ</a></h3>
<p>tool ǥ쥯ȥˤ cpp_test.c Ȥץѥ뤷 test-c ǥ쥯ȥưȡC90 n_*.c, i_*.c ΥƥȤưŪ˹ԤȤǤޤϡߤĤǡܺ٤Τ뤳ȤϤǤޤe_*.? ΥƥȤޤޤƤޤץץå C90 ٤ˤĤƴñ˸Ĥ뤿ΤΤǤC99 ˤĤƤΥƥȤޤޤƤޤߤϤޤѥ¿ C99 ˤϹ⡹ȾʬбƤʤǤ*1, *2, *3</p>
<p>cpp_test λȤ Visual C++ 2005 ˤȤȡ̤Ǥ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
cpp_test VC2005 "cl -Za -TC -Fe%s %s.c" "del %s.exe" < n_i_.lst
</pre>
<p>ʲϤ줾 " " ǰϤɬפޤshell ", " ϤƤޤϡǸΰޤǤΤ ' ' Ǥ˰Ϥкɬסˡ%s n_*, i_* ץץ̾ .c Τ֤ޤ</p>
<p> Ϥ̾ꤷޤϣХȰǡ'.' ޤޤʤΤǤʤФʤޤ̾ .out, .err, .sum Ĥ̾Υե뤬ޤ<br>
ѥ뤹뤿Υޥɤޤ<br>
軰ʲ ѤΤե륳ޥɤޤʣäƤޤޤ</p>
<p>n_i_.lst test-c ǥ쥯ȥˤޤn_*.c, i_*.c γƥե̾ .c ΤΥꥹȤƤޤ<br>
ϤˤäƤϡɤ줫Υν˽ϤΤ⤢ޤξϡn_i_.lst ΤΥ̾㤨 none Ȥä¸ߤʤե̾˽ؤơƼ¹Ԥޤ</p>
<p> cpp_test ¹Ԥȡn_*.c, i_*.c 缡ѥ뤵졢¹ԤƤ椭ޤn_*.err, i_*.err Ȥեˡץץ stderr ؤνϤϿޤơVC2005.sum ˤκ̤ģ˽ޤޤȸäƤ⡢Σκޤ</p>
<blockquote>
*: <br>
o: ѥϤǤ¹Է̤Թ<br>
-: ѥǤʤä
</blockquote>
<p>VC2005.out cpp_test θƤӽФޥɥ饤Ͽ졢Ϥ stdout ˽ФåФ⤽˵ϿޤVC2005.err ˤϡϤ stderr ˽ФåС줬Ͽޤ뤳Ȥˤäơ⤦Τ뤳ȤǤǤ礦</p>
<p>ˡΤ褦ˤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
paste -d'\0' side_cpp *.sum > cpp_test.sum
</pre>
<p>ȡƽϤΥƥȷ̤Ǥ *.sum ե뤬Ϣ뤵ƣĤɽ졢cpp_test.sum ˽ޤޤside_cpp ϥƥȹܤΥȥɽ¦ʬǡtest-c ǥ쥯ȥˤޤ</p>
<p>䤬ƺä cpp_test.sum doc ǥȥ֤Ƥޤʤ<a href=#6>6</a> ˤϼưˤܺ٥ƥȤη̤ƤޤǤ cpp_test.sum ¿ΥץץåƥȤƤޤΥץץåˤϤɤνϤΥѥɥ饤ФˤбƤʤΤꡢץץåˤĤƤ cpp_test ˤ뼫ưƥȤϤǤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 cpp_test.c "Plum-Hall Validation Sampler" runtest.c summtest.c ȤץߤˤƽΤǤ롣</p>
<p>*2 cpp_test.c Borland C / bcc32 ǥѥ뤹ȴ̤ưʤcpp_test stdout, stderr 쥯Ȥ system() ƤӽФƤ뤬bcc32 ǤɸϤ¹Υץ˷Ѿʤ褦Ǥ롣Visual C, LCC-Win32 ǥѥ뤷Τʤư</p>
<p>*3 m_36_*.c 0x5c ('\\') ͤΥХȤ encoding ΥƥȤǤ뤬 encoding ̾ϻȤʤƥ⤢ΤǡǤϽ롣</p>
<h3><a name="3.2.3" href="#toc.3.2.3">3.2.3. GCC / testsuite ˤ뼫ưƥ</a></h3>
<h4><a name="3.2.3.1" href="#toc.3.2.3.1">3.2.3.1. TestSuite Ȥ</a></h4>
<p>GCC ˤ testsuite ȤΤޤGCC Υѥ뤷ǡmake check Ȥȡ testsuite Υץ뤬ȥå졢̤𤵤ޤ<br>
θڥåȤ V.1.3 ϡGCC testsuite ȤƤȤ˽ľ edition ɲäޤ testsuite Ƥȡmake check ǼưŪ˥åޤ<a href="#3.2.2">3.2.2</a> cpp_test ȤġǤ n_*, i_* Ȥ̾Υץ뤷ƥȤǤޤtestsuite Ǥ e_*, w_*, u_* οǥåפ륵ץ⼫ưŪ˥ƥȤǤޤǤ GCC 2.9x ʹߤ cpp0 (cc1, cc1plus) <b>mcpp</b> ΥƥȤ뤳ȤǤޤ<br>
ǤϡGCC / testsuite ǤθڥåȤλȤޤ</p>
<p>ڥåȤ cpp-test ǥ쥯ȥ test-t, test-l ǥ쥯ȥ GCC / testsuite бƽľΤǡcpp-test test-t, test-l γƥǥ쥯ȥ꤬ޤ<br>
m_*, u_1_7_* multi-byte character γƼ encoding бΤǤGCC 3.3 ޤǤΥСǤϴĶѿ encoding ˱Ѥ뤳ȤɬפǡѥδĶѤ뤳Ȥ testsuite ǤϤǤʤΤǡcpp-test ˤϴޤƤޤ*1<br>
GCC / cpp λͤѹ testsuite λͤѹޤǤˤꡢ줫⤢ͽۤޤˤäƤϸڥåȤΰɬפˤʤޤȤ˿ǥåɲä줿ѹ줿ꤷϡtestcase ˤɬפޤΤȤ GCC ΥСҤɤŤʤ¤ꡢʽɬפʤȻפޤcpp-test testcases GCC 2.95.3, 3.2, 3.3.2, 3.4.3, 4.0.2, 4.1.1 γ cpp (cpp0, cc1, cc1plus) <b>mcpp</b> ưΤƤޤ<br>
testsuite Ǥϼ¹ԻץϤˤäѤ뤳ȤϤǤޤʣεʤ¾ʻ¸Ƥ븽ߤξǤ std= ȤץǵʤΥСɬפޤΥץ GCC θŤСˤ¸ߤޤäơ testsuite ŬϰϤ GCC 2.9x ʹߤ <b>mcpp</b> V.2.3 ʹߤȤȤˤʤޤ</p>
<p>Testsuite ϥץץ˽줿Τ褦ʷΥȤᤷƼ¹ԤޤϥȤʤΤǡ¾νϤΥƥȤˤϱƶޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
/* { dg-do preprocess } */
/* { dg-error "out of range" } */
</pre>
<p>dg-error Ȥ dg-warning ȤȤν줿ץǤϡǥåƥȤޤʣνϤΥƥȤ뤳Ȥ⡢줾νϤοǥå '|' (OR) Ϥ¤٤ƽȤǡǽˤʤޤ<br>
¹ԤΤ DejaGnu Ȥġǡľܤˤ runtest Ȥ shell-script ǤDejaGnu *.exp Ȥ̾ΤĤΥե˽Ƥޤ*.exp expect ȤġΤ script Ǥơ expect Tcl Ȥޥɸǽ줿ץʤΤǤ<br>
äơtestsuite Ȥˤϡ testsuite ˱ơ¿ΥġŬڤʥСΤΤäƤʤФʤޤϻθڥåȤȤǤ⡢ȤʤƱǤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 ºݤˤϴĶѿꤷƤ GCC ưʤ</p>
<h4><a name="3.2.3.2" href="#toc.3.2.3.2">3.2.3.2. TestSuite ؤΥȡȥƥ</a></h4>
<p>GCC / testsuite ǻθڥåȤȤˤϡΤ褦ˤޤ<br>
ޤ cpp-test ǥ쥯ȥ GCC testsuite Ŭʥǥ쥯ȥ˥ԡޤ<br>
cpp-test ǥ쥯ȥϡtest-t, test-l γƥǥ쥯ȥɬפʥեľcpp-test.exp ȤƥѤեäΤǤ*.t Ȥ̾Υե suffix .c ѤƤޤC++ Υե *.C Ȥ̾ˤƤޤ<br>
ȾΥץϥץץåƥȤΤǤĤ DejaGnu, Tcl Ǥ줬ǤʤΤǡcompile & run 뤿ΥץˤʤäƤޤ*_run.c Ȥ̾ΤΡˡΣĤΥץˤ { dg-options "-ansi -no-integrated-cpp" } ȤԤޤ-no-integrated-cpp ȤΤ GCC 3, 4 ΤΥץǤGCC 2 ˤϤΥץϤʤΤǡGCC 2 ǥƥȤϤΥץϤʤФʤޤΤˡΣĤ testcase ˤĤƤ *_run.c.gcc2, *_run.c.gcc3 ȤΥեѰդƤޤŬʤۤ *_run.c ˥ƻȤäƤ</p>
<p>ʲǤϡΤȤ Linux Ǥ GCC 3.4.3 ˤȤäޤGCC 3.4.3 Υ /usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-src ֤ƤȤޤޤGCC Υѥ /usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-objs ǹԤȤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
cp -r cpp-test /usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-src/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg
</pre>
<p>ǡgcc.dg ǥ쥯ȥ cpp-test ʲΥե뤬ԡޤ<br>
Ƥȡ/usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-objs </p>
<pre style="color:navy">
make bootstrap
</pre>
<p>Ȥ GCC Υѥ뤷ǡ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
make -k check
</pre>
<p>Ȥȡcpp-test testcases ޤ٤Ƥ testsuite ƥȤޤ</p>
<p>ޤcpp-test ȤäƥƥȤˤϡ/usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-objs/gcc ǥ쥯ȥǼΤ褦ˤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS=cpp-test.exp
</pre>
<p>Testsuite log ./testsuite ǥ쥯ȥ gcc.log, gcc.sum ˵Ͽޤ<br>
make check ϡĶˤäƤ GCC Υ INSTALL/test.html 褦ˡDEJAGNULIBS, TCL_LIBRARY ȤĶѿ꤬ɬפǤ<br>
ޤGCC 3 ǤϴĶѿ LANG, LC_ALL C ȤƱѸĶˤʤФʤޤ<br>
GCC Υѥ make check ǻȤΤϡǤ˥ȡ뤵Ƥ gcc, cc1 ǤϤʤgcc ǥ쥯ȥ줿 xgcc, cc1, cc1plus, cpp0 Ǥ뤳ȤդƤ<br>
cpp-test ˤƥȤϼΤ褦ˤƤǤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
runtest --tool gcc --srcdir /usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-src/gcc/testsuite cpp-test.exp
</pre>
<p>ξϡ¹Ԥǥ쥯ȥǤդǤϥȥǥ쥯ȥ˽ϤޤƥȤΤϡǤ˥ȡ뤵Ƥ gcc, cc1, cpp0 Ǥcpp-test testsuite ɬפʤΤϡGCC ѤγƼե (config.*, *.exp) ˤ뤫Ǥ</p>
<p> runtest --tool gcc ǻꤹ 'gcc' Ȥ̾ϤΤȤǤʤФʤޤ⤷ºݤ˻Ȥѥ餬Ȥ cc, gcc-3.4.3 gcc ʳ̾ξϡܥåä gcc Ȥ̾ǸƤӽФ褦ˤƤޤ<br>
ʤcpp-test ˤϥץץå˥ФΤ˾ޤȹͤ륱ˤĤƤΥ˥ testcases ¿ޤޤƤޤGCC ΥץץåϤȾʬʲ PASS ޤ̤ʤȤäơưְäƤȤץץåѥ뤵ƤʤȤȤȤǤϤޤְäƤ뤫ǤϤʤץץåΡʼפʤΤǤ</p>
<h4><a name="3.2.3.3" href="#toc.3.2.3.3">3.2.3.3. <b>mcpp</b> μưƥ</a></h4>
<p> cpp-test Ǥɸ⡼ɤ <b>mcpp</b> ΥƥȤǤ褦ˤʤäƤޤäơGCC Υץץ <b>mcpp</b> ֤ơgcc ǥ쥯ȥ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS=cpp-test.exp
</pre>
<p>Ȥȡ<b>mcpp</b> μưåޤǤդΥǥ쥯ȥ runtest ľܸƤӽФƼ¹Ԥ뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
runtest --tool gcc --srcdir /usr/local/gcc-3.4.3-src/gcc/testsuite cpp-test.exp
</pre>
<p><b>mcpp</b> GCC 3, 4 Ǽ¹Ԥ硢cpp-test testcases Ƥ٤Ƥ PASS ϤǤGCC 2 Ǽ¹ԤϤ⤦̤ʤΤޤ gcc -D__cplusplus=1 Ȥץդ <b>mcpp</b> ƤӽФǤꡢ<b>mcpp</b> ΤǤϤޤ<br>
ץץ <b>mcpp</b> ֤ˡˤĤƤϡ<a href="mcpp-manual.html#3.9.5">mcpp-manual.html#3.9.5</a>, <a href="mcpp-manual.html#3.9.7">mcpp-manual.html#3.9.7</a> Ƥ
Testsuite ŬѤϡ<b>mcpp</b> εư -23j Ȥץդ褦ꤹɬפޤ-2 digraph-3 trigraph ͭˤ륪ץǤ-j ϿǥåνϤ˥ξղäʤΥץǤ¾ΥץꤷʤǤޤtestsuite ǥƥȤǤΤɸ⡼ɤ <b>mcpp</b> ǡ¾Υ⡼ɤ <b>mcpp</b> ΥƥȤϤǤޤ</p>
<p>ʾ GCC make θǹԤˡǤGCC / testsuite ȡ뤵ƤƼ¹ԤǤ֤ˤʤäƤС<b>mcpp</b> Ȥ configure make <b>mcpp</b> μưƥȤ뤳ȤǤޤξϡɬפ٤ make check ưŪˤäƤΤǡǤñǤˡˤĤƤϡ<b>mcpp</b> INSTALL Ƥ</p>
<h4><a name="3.2.3.4" href="#toc.3.2.3.4">3.2.3.4. TestSuite ȸڥå</a></h4>
<p>GCC ˤ testsuite Ť餢ޤץץ˴ؤƤ V.2.9x ޤǤϤ鷺Υץ뤷ޤǤ˥ץץڻ뤵Ƥ狼ޤΥץץ testcases V.3.x Ǥϥ㤤ޤץץåΥȥɥȤ쿷졢up-to-date ʤΤˤʤäȤȼΤǡץץŻ뤵褦ˤʤäȤ狼ޤ<br>
testcases ϰȤƤʤҴäΤˤʤäƤޤθϡtestsuite μΤ褦ʤͳ褹ΤȻפޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>桼 bug report νѤǤ뤳ȡʤºݤȯ줿ХȯɤΤΤ濴Ǥ롣<br>
<li>ˡȯԤǽˡΥǥХåΤ˽ΤɲäƤ롣<br>
</ol>
<p>ϥץʤǤϤΥǥХåˡǡGCC ¿ͥ줿ץޤ˻ȤƤȤDzǽȤʤäΤǤˡƱˡtestcases ΥҴ⤿餷Ƥȹͤޤ<br>
ޤ testcases ˤ GCC ǤѤʤץ뤬¿¾νϤˤŬѤǤޤɤGCC 3 testcases ˤ GCC 2 / cpp ˤŬѤǤʤΤ¿ޤޤƤޤץץϤ spacing ΰ㤤ǥåΰ㤤뤿Ǥ<br>
ФƻθڥåȤϡϻΥץץåΥǥХåΤ˻䤬ͤǽΤǤǹͤѤơץץͤƥȤ褦˽ľޤ¿Υץ뤬ΤȤƥƥޥƥå˹Ƥޤƥޥƥå testcases GCC / testsuite ɲä뤳Ȥϡʤʤ̣ĤȻפޤ<br>
ޤ testsuite ǸڥåȤ GCC 2.9x / cpp0, GCC 3.x, 4.x / cc1, <b>mcpp</b> ȤĤΥץץåΥƥȤǤ褦˽ƤޤʤDejaGnu, Tcl ɽεǽѤСϤˤץץϤ spacing κۤǥåκۤۼ뤳ȤǤΤǤ*1</p>
<p>Testsuite ڥåȤΣĤΥץץåŬѤ̤ʲ˺ܤƤޤ<b>mcpp</b> 2007/03 Ρ¾ 2006/10 Υƥȡˡ<br>
GCC 4.1.1 ǥץץå <b>mcpp</b> V.2.6.3 ֤Ƽ¹ԤϤʤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
=== gcc Summary ===
# of expected passes 264
# of unexpected failures 1
# of expected failures 4
/usr/local/bin/gcc version 4.1.1
</pre>
<p>Ĥ FAIL ΤϡC++98 Ǥ universal-character-name <=> multi-byte character ѴƤʤȤˤΤǤ<br>
GCC 3.2 / cc1 ǤϤʤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
=== gcc Summary ===
# of expected passes 216
# of unexpected failures 51
# of unexpected successes 2
# of expected failures 2
/usr/local/bin/gcc version 3.2
</pre>
<p>FAIL ¿ϡ˥ФƤۤȤǽФƤʤȤΤǤ<br>
GCC 4.1.1 / cc1 ۤȤѤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
=== gcc Summary ===
# of expected passes 214
# of unexpected failures 53
# of unexpected successes 2
# of expected failures 2
/usr/local/bin/gcc version 4.1.1
</pre>
<p>GCC 2.95.3 / cpp0 ǤϤʤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
=== gcc Summary ===
# of expected passes 181
# of unexpected failures 87
# of unexpected successes 3
# of expected failures 1
gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)
</pre>
<p>GCC 3, 4 / cc1 ⤵˥˥ʤԥȤγ줿ǥå⤤ĤޤC99, C++98 οͤȾʬ̤Ǥ<br>
GCC ΥСˤäƷ㤦ΤϡĤ testcase ʣ FAIL ȯ뤳Ȥ뤫Ǥ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 Τˡ testcases dg script Ϥ䤿 \ 䵭¿ unreadable ʤΤˤʤäƤ롣DejaGnu, Tcl ɽνˤϤʤʤ٤ꡢȤˤϼιפɬפǤ뤬פʣνϤˤĤư̤μưƥȤǽǤ뤳Ȥ狼äǤϡνϤμ¹ԻץΤ testcases ǻȤ륪ץ̤Ǥ뤳ȤǤ롣</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="3.3" href="#toc.3.3">3.3. Violation of syntax rule or constraint ȿǥå</a></h2>
<p>Standard C νϤʤФʤʤΤϤǤְäФƤϿǥåФʤФʤޤޤStandard C ˤϡưͤϤˤޤƤʬ䡢ɤư뤫ꤵƤʤʬ⤢ޤΤȤޤȤƼȡΤ褦ˤʤޤ*1</p>
<ol>
<li>ץǡǡɤνϤǤƱ̤ˤʤΡ<br>
<li>ץȥǡǤäƤ⡢νˡϵꤵʤΡϥɥȤ˵ܤʤƤɤ unspecified behavior̤ưˤȸƤ֡<br>
<li>ץȥǡǤäƤ⡢νϽϤˤޤƤΡλͤϳƽϤɥȤ˵ܤʤФʤʤ implementation-defined behaviorʽưˤȸƤ֡<br>
<li>ְä뤤ϰܿΤʤץޤϥǡǤ뤬νˤĤƤϲꤵʤΡϤϤ˿ǥåФƤɤФʤƤɤ餫ץȤƤνƤɤ undefined behavior̤ưˤȸƤ֡<br>
<li>ְäץޤϥǡǡФƽϤ diagnostic messageʿǥåˤФʤФʤʤΡˤ violation of syntax ruleʹʸ§ȿˤ violation of constraint ȿˤȤ롣*2<br>
</ol>
<p>Τ 1 ΥץȥǡΤΤ strictly conforming program ʵʸ̩ץץˤȸƤӤޤ2, 3 ⡢ϤˤäƷ̤˰㤤νФʤΤǤСޤޤƤƤɤȲᤵˡ<br>
1, 2, 3 ΥץȥǡΤΤ conforming program ʵʹץץˤȸƤӤޤ</p>
<p>ǥåνФ implementation-defined Ǥ餫 violation of syntax rule or constraint ޤ translation unit ĤˤĤƣİʾβ餫οǥåФʤФʤʤȤƤޤViolation of syntax rule or constraint ޤޤʤץФơǥåФȤϽϤμͳǤ strictly conforming program 䡢νϤ implementation-defined, unspecified λͤ˹פ conforming program ϺǸޤǤʤФʤޤ<br>
ΥɥȤǤϡviolation of syntax rule or constraint ֥顼פȸƤ֤Ȥˤޤ</p>
<p> Validation Suite e_* եˤϡʣΥ顼ޤΤޤʲκǤϡϤĤΥ顼ˤĤƣİʾοǥåФȤԤƤޤĥ顼äƤ⣱Ĥ translation unit ˤĤƣĤοǥå"violation of syntax rule or constraint" ȤäˤФʤϤ⤢뤫⤷ޤޤ顼Ȥθν𤹤Ϥ⤢뤫⤷ޤμϽϤΡʼפǤʽ٤ǤϤޤɬפʾϥץХ餷ƺƥƥȤƤʼ <a href="#4">4</a> ̤ˤȤꤢޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 3 Definitions of Terms Ѹڤӵ
C90 4 Compliance ʹ
C90 5.1.1.3 Diagnostics ǥå
C99 3 Terms, definitions, and symbols
C99 4 Conformance
C99 5.1.1.3 Diagnostics
</pre>
<p>*2 C++98 Ǥ C90, C99 ȤѸ줬ʤäƤ뤬ݤä˰ʤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="3.4" href="#toc.3.4">3.4. ܺ</a></h2>
<p>ʲˡƥƥȹܤˤĤƣĤIJ⤷ޤ
Standard C ץץΤΤβȤʤΤǤK&R 1st. ȶ̤λͤˤĤƤϡ餿ƲϤޤܤֹ *.t ե *.c եȤǶ̤Ǥ</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.1" href="#toc.3.4.1">3.4.1. Trigraphs</a></h3>
<h4>n.1.1. Ĥ trigraph sequences</h4>
<p>äδʸåȤˤ ISO 646:1983 Invariant Code Set ˴ޤޤʤʸĤΤǡϼΣʸ sequence Ǥ⥽˽ȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ C90 ǿߤ줿Ǥ*1</p>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr><th>??=</th><td>#</td></tr>
<tr><th>??(</th><td>[</td></tr>
<tr><th>??/</th><td>\</td></tr>
<tr><th>??)</th><td>]</td></tr>
<tr><th>??'</th><td>^</td></tr>
<tr><th>??<</th><td>{</td></tr>
<tr><th>??!</th><td>|</td></tr>
<tr><th>??></th><td>}</td></tr>
<tr><th>??-</th><td>~</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>ΣĤ trigraph sequence translation phase 1 бʸ֤ޤĤʸܡɤϤ뤳ȤΤǤ륷ƥǤϡ trigraph ȤɬפϤޤƥǤ Standard C ˹פץץ trigraph ѴǤɬפޤ</p>
<p> : 6ĤȤǤ 6 Ǥʤ trigraph Ĥ뤴Ȥ 2 0 ¤Ȥ롣</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.1.1 Trigraph sequences ʸɽ
C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.2.1.1 Trigraph sequences
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>n.1.2. ȥ trigraph sequence</h4>
<p>Trigraphs Ѵ translation phase 3 Ǥ tokenization phase 4 ǤΥȥԤνΩäƹԤΤǡȥԤǤɤǤ trigraphs ȤǤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.1.3. Trigraphs ϣĤ¸ߤʤ</h4>
<p>Trigraphs Ͼ嵭ΣĤʤΤǡʳ ?? ǻϤޤ sequence ¾ʸѴ뤳ȤϤʤ?? åפ뤳Ȥ⤢ޤTrigraph ȤǤʤ ? ޤ sequence ߤƤ⡢ץץǤɬפޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.2" href="#toc.3.4.2">3.4.2. <backslash><newline> ˤ³</a></h3>
<p> \ äƤľ˲Ԥ³ƤФϡ <backslash><newline> sequence translation phase 2 ̵˺ޤη̡ĤιԤ³ޤʽǤϡեιԤ physical lineʪԡˡ<backslash><newline> ʤС˺³줿ιԤ logical lineԡˤȸƤǶ̤ƤޤTranslation phase 3 νϤԤоݤȤƹԤޤ*1<br>
K&R 1st. Ǥ #define Ԥʸ <backslash><newline> ǼΥԤ³뤳ȤǤȤƤޤΰʳξˤĤƤϿƤޤºݤνϤǤϤޤޤǤȥԤ #define ˸¤餺³ǤΤ¿ä褦Ǥ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>n.2.1. #define ԤΥѥꥹȤִꥹȤȤδ</h4>
<p>#define Ԥ³ K&R 1st. ǤǧƤΤǤꡢۤȤɤνϤDzǽǤ</p>
<p> : 4ʤǤ 4 Ǥʤ 0 </p>
<h4>n.2.2. #define ԤΥѥꥹȤ</h4>
<p>#define ԤǤäƤѥꥹȤΤ褦ʤޤ̤ǤϤʤȤ <backslash><newline> ȡǤʤϤ⤢ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.2.3. ʸƥ</h4>
<p>ʸƥ <backslash><newline> K&R 1st. ΤΤǤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.2.4. ̻Ҥ</h4>
<p>Standard C Ǥϡ̻ҤǤȤɤǤȡ<backslash><newline> ̵ǺʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.2.5. Trigraph ˤ <backslash></h4>
<p><backslash> \ Ǥʤtrigraph ˤ ??/ ⤢ޤ ??/ translation phase 1 \ ѴƤޤ顢phase 2 Ǥ \ ΤΤǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.3" href="#toc.3.4.3">3.4.3. </a></h3>
<p>Translation phase 3 ǤԤ pp-token white spaces ʬޤκݡȤϣĤ space Ѵޤ*1<br>
ǽϤϡϢ³ white spacesʥȤޤˤĤ space Ѵ뤫⤷ޤɤˤƤ <newline> ѴΤޤĤޤϡ phase 4 Ǥ preprocessing directive νΡֹԡפоݤȤ뤫Ǥ<br>
ȤԤޤäƤϡȤˤ¾ι³Ԥޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>n.3.1. One space Ѵ</h4>
<p> Reiser θŤ cpp ǤϥȤϡcpp Ǥ token separator ȤƵǽϤޤǤδ֤ˤϺƤޤΤȤѤơȡϢ˥ȤȤˡޤλͤ K&R 1st. ⳰줿ΤǤꡢStandard C ǤΤꤵޤStandard C ǤϥȡϢˤ ## 黻ҤȤޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.dslcom. // </h4>
<p>K&R 1st. C90 ˻ޤǡȤ /* ǻϤޤ */ ǽΤǤ*1<br>
C99 Ǥ C++ // ⥳ȤȤưȤˤʤޤ*2</p>
<p> : 4
<br>
C90 ǤϤϥȤǤϤʤñʤ / Ȥ pp-token Ĥ sequence Ȥƽ٤ΤǤ뤬C99 // ȤȤƽϤŪǤä<b>mcpp</b> Ǥ C90 ⡼ɤǤ⤳ȤȤƽǥ˥Ф</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.9 Comments
</pre>
<pre>
*2 C99 6.4.9 Comments
</pre>
<h4>n.3.3. Ȥ pp-directive νΩäƽ</h4>
<p># ǻϤޤ preprocessing directive ϡֹԡפоݤȤޤΡֹԡפϥʪԤȤϸ¤ޤ<backslash><newline> ˤä³줿ԤǤ뤳Ȥ⤢СʪԤޤȤˤäʣʪԤˤޤֹԡפǤ뤳Ȥ⤢ޤ translation phase 1 4 νͤƤߤСΤȤǤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.3.4. Ȥ <backslash><newline></h4>
<p><backslash><newline> ȥȤˤäƤĤʪԤˤޤ pp-directive Ԥ¸ߤޤTranslation phase ƤʤץץåǤϡ뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.4" href="#toc.3.4.4">3.4.4. üʥȡ (digraphs) ʸ (UCN)</a></h3>
<p>C90 / Amendment 1 (1994) ǤϡĤ operator, punctuator ˤĤ digraph Ȥ spelling ɲäޤ*1<br>
C99 Ǥ UCN (universal character sequence) Ȥʸɽɲäޤ*2<br>
e.4.? Ǥϥȡ顼夲ޤ</p>
<p>
:</p>
<pre>
*1 Amendment 1 / 3.1 Operators, 3.2 Punctuators ISO 9899 / 6.1.5, 6.1.6 ؤɲá
C99 6.4.6 Punctuators
*2 C99 6.4.3 Universal character names
</pre>
<h4>n.4.1. Preprocessing directive digraph spelling</h4>
<p>Digraph token (pp-token) Ȥưޤ
%: # spelling Ǥpreprocessing directive ԤƬ pp-token ȤƤ⡢ʸ黻ҤȤƤȤޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.4.2. Digraph spelling ʸ</h4>
<p>Digraph trigraph Ȱä token (pp-token) ʤΤǡʸ˺ݤƤѴ줺ˤΤޤޤ spelling ʸޤ̵̣ʻͤǤˡ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.ucn1. UCN ǧ 1</h4>
<p>UCN ʸƥ롢ʸ̻Ҥǧޤ
</p>
<p> : 8ʸƥ UCN ץץΤޤ̲᤹ 4 ʸidentifier UCN г 2 UCN Ǥ뤳ȤǧۤäƤΤޤϤΤԲġ</p>
<h4>n.ucn2. UCN ǧ 2</h4>
<p>UCN pp-number ǤȤޤץץνޤǤ number-token ϾǤƤʤФʤޤ C99 εǡC++ ˤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.ucn. UCN θ</h4>
<p>UCN \U ǻϤޤΤϣ\u ǻϤޤΤϣΣʿǤʤФʤޤ<br>
UCN [0..9F], [D800..DFFF] ϰϤˤäƤϤʤޤ24($), 40(@), 60(`) ͭǤ</p>
<p> : 4ĤΥץΤ줾ˤĤơǤǤг 1 </p>
<h4>e.4.3. ʸ</h4>
<p>äΥȡηƤʤ sequence Ǥ⤿Ƥ pp-token Ȥǧޤäơץץ tokenization ǥ顼Ȥʤϡޤꤢޤ<br>
Τۤ undefined behavior Ȥʤ礬Ĥޤ<a href="#4.2">4.2</a> ȡˡ<br>
ʸϥץץ #if ԤǤ⥳ѥǤ⡢violation of syntax rule Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<p>
:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.3.4 Character constants ʸ -- Syntax ʸ§
C99 6.4.4.4 Character constants -- Syntax
</pre>
<h3><a name="3.4.5" href="#toc.3.4.5">3.4.5. Preprocessing directive line space tab</a></h3>
<p>Space, tab, vertical-tab, form-feed, carriage-return, new-line white space Ȥư礵ޤʸƥ롦ʸإå̾Ȥˤʤ white space ̾ token separator ȤƤΰ̣äƤޤtranslation phase 4 ޤǻĤä newline ̤ʤΤǡpp-directive ζڤȤʤޤơpp-directive line ǤϻȤ white space ˼㴳¤ޤ</p>
<h4>n.5.1. # space tab</h4>
<p>Standard C ǤϡPreprocessing directive line κǽ pp-token Ǥ # space, tab ϡäƤʤƤƱ̤ˤʤ뤳ȤݾڤƤޤ(*1)K&R 1st. ǤϤ줬ΤǤϤʤºݤˤ # space, tab ǧʤϤޤ<br>
ιԤΤʹߤ space, tab ϡK&R 1st. Ǥ Standard C Ʊͤˡñʤ token separator ȤǧƤȲᤵޤ<br>
pp-directive line space, tab ʳ white space ä undefined Ǥ4.2 <a href="#u.1.6">u.1.6</a> ȡˡ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Description , Constraints
C99 6.10 Preprocesssing directives -- Description, Constraints
</pre>
<h3><a name="3.4.6" href="#toc.3.4.6">3.4.6. #include</a></h3>
<p>#include K&R 1st. κǤŪ pp-directive ǤStandard C Τ directive εˤ undefined ʬ implementation-defined ʬȤ¿ʤäƤޤ(*1)ͳϼˤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li> directive ΰǤ header-name Ȥ pp-token ϣϣӤΥե륷ƥ˰¸ΤǤꡢɸಽ<br>
<li>եɸפξϽϤ˰¸롣<br>
<li>", "
ǰϤޤ줿ʸƥη header-name Ǥ⡢\ escape ʸǤϤʤʸƥȤ̤ pp-token Ǥꡢ <, > ǰϤޤ줿 header-name ˤäƤϺǤ§Ū pp-token Ǥ롣<br>
</ol>
<p>n.6.* ǤϡΤ褦ʺǤŪʥƥȤϡܤʬƹԤȤϤޤ¾ΥƥȹܤȤƴޤޤƤꡢ줬ǤʤΤǤ¿ΥƥȤ»ܤǤʤΤǡǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include <ctype.h>
#include "header.h"
</pre>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion
</pre>
<h4>n.6.1. Ĥηˤɸإå include</h4>
<p>Header-name ˤϣĤηޤ
ΰ㤤ϡ<, > ǰϤޤ줿ǤϽξʣǤɤˤ餽 header ", " ǰϤޤ줿ǤϤΥեޤˡǤơ줬Ԥ <, > ǰϤޤ줿Ʊͤν롢ȤȤˤޤäơ", " ǰϤޤ줿ɸإå include 뤳ȤǤޤ K&R 1st. ǤƱͤǤ<br>
ʤStandard C ǤϡƱɸإåʣ include Ƥ⤫ޤʤȤˤʤäƤޤϤɤˤƤץץåǤϤʤɸإåνǤ<a href=#4.1.1>4.1.1</a> ȡˡ</p>
<p> : 10ĤΥץʤΤ 4 </p>
<h4>n.6.2. ޥˤ header-nameΣ</h4>
<p>K&R 1st. Ǥ #include Ԥ˥ޥȤȤϤƤޤǤStandard C Ǥϥޥǧޤ#include ΰĤΤɤηȤפʤϡ˴ޤޤޥŸޤη̤ϣĤηΤɤ餫˰פɬפޤ<br>
εˤ̯ʤȤ⤢ޤ㤨СΤ褦ʥϤɤ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define MACRO header.h>
#include <MACRO
</pre>
<p>ϡMACRO ޤŸ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include <header.h>
</pre>
<p>Ȥ٤Ǥ礦Ȥ⡢ޥŸ < б > ʤȤƥ顼Ȥ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p>ʤϤȤޤǰռƽƤȤϹͤޤ
äơ<, > ", " Ʊͤ quotation delimiter ȤưΤʤȻפޤ˥ޥŸΤ⡢ʰȿȤϸޤ Validation Suite ˤϡʤηĤĤƥȤϴޤޤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.6.3. ޥˤ header-nameΣ</h4>
<p>ĤޤʤȤǤޥɬ⣱ĤǤɬפϤޤ
</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.7" href="#toc.3.4.7">3.4.7. #line</a></h3>
<p>#line Ȥ pp-directive ϥ桼ȤȤ̤ϤʤΤǤ¾βΥġǡʣäȤϸ¤ʤ˥ pre-preprocess ʤɤˡΥΥե̾Ȥλιֹ뤿˻ȤΤΤ褦ǤK&R 1st. 褢ȤȡŪˤʤӤΤǤ礦<br>
ޤץץåνϤˤ̤ #line ޤϤѷե̾ȹֹѥΤ뤿˻ȤޤϵꤵƤ뤳ȤǤϤޤ<br>
#line ǻꤵ줿ե̾ȹֹϻޥ <tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__LINE__</tt> ͤȤʤޤ<tt>__LINE__</tt> ϤʪԣԤȤ˥ȤƤ椯ˡ*1</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.4 Line control
C99 6.10.4 Line control
C90 6.8.8 Predefined macro names 餫줿ޥ̾
C99 6.10.8 Predefined macro names
</pre>
<h4>n.7.1. ֹȥե̾λ</h4>
<p>Line number filename ꤷ #line K&R 1st. ˤ⤢ޤK&R 1st. Ǥ filename ", " ǰϤߤޤǤ<br>
Standard C Ǥ filename ʸƥǤ #include header-name ȤϰäȡǤꡢ̩˹ͤ \ ΰ̯ޤǤޤǤʤǤ礦#line filename <stdio.h> ηΤΤʤΤϹǤˡ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.7.2. ե̵̾Ƥɤ</h4>
<p>Filename ΰϥץǤꡢʤƤ⤫ޤޤ
K&R 1st. ƱǤline number λΤʤΤ undefinedˡ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.7.3. ޥˤֹȥե̾λ</h4>
<p>K&R 1st. Ǥ #line ΰ˥ޥȤȤϤƤޤǤStandard C ǤϻȤ뤳Ȥݾڤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.line ֹϰ</h4>
<p>#line ǥ쥯ƥ֤ line number ϰϤ C90 Ǥ [1..32767] ǤC99 Ǥ [1..2147483647] ˳礵ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.7.4. ե̾磻ʸƥ</h4>
<p>Filename ΰʸƥǤʤФʤ餺ĤޤʤȤǤ磻ʸƥǤ violation of constraint Ȥʤޤʤʳ pp-token ǤϤʤ undefinedХʵǤˡ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.8" href="#toc.3.4.8">3.4.8. #error</a></h3>
<p>#error C90 ǿߤ줿 directive Ǥ
ץץˡΰȤƴޤ२顼åɽޤŤϤǤ #assert directive ĤΤ⤢ޤɸŪʤΤϤޤǤ<br>
ʤ#error ǤϽλ٤ɤϵꤵƤޤRationale ˤȡʤǤϤޤǤʤΤǵꤷʤäǡߤΤ ANSI C ѰΰտޤǤȤΤȤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.5 Error directive ɽ
ANSI C Rationale 3.8.5
C99 6.10.5 Error directive
C99 Rationale 6.10.5
</pre>
<h4>n.8.1. ޥŸʤ</h4>
<p>#error ΥޥŸޤ
ȥԤǥޥŸΤϡ#if (#elif), #include, #line Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 8ޥŸƽΤ 2 λ뤫ɤʤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>n.8.2. å̵Ƥɤ</h4>
<p>ĤޤʤȤǤ#error ԤΰϥץǤꡢʤƤ⤫ޤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.9" href="#toc.3.4.9">3.4.9. #pragma, _Pragma()</a></h3>
<p>#pragma C90 ǿߤ줿ΤǤȼγĥ directive Ϥ٤ #pragma sub-directive Ǽ¸뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.6 Pragma directive ץ饰
C99 6.10.6 Pragma directive
</pre>
<h4>n.9.1. ǧǤʤ #pragma ⥨顼ˤϤʤʤ</h4>
<p>äơϤȤǧǤ #pragma sub-directive ۤʤޤǧǤʤ #pragma 顼ˤʤäΤǤ portable ʥץबʤΤǡϤǧǤʤ #pragma ̵뤹뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤץץǤϼʬǧǤץץ˴ؤ #pragma ơ¾ #pragma Ϥ٤ƤΤޤޥѥΤϤȤˤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 10#pragma 顼ˤƤϤʤ˥ФȤϤޤʤ</p>
<h4>n.pragma. _Pragma() operater</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥϡ#pragma Ʊ̤#pragma ȰäƥޥˤȤΤǤ _Pragma() operator ɲäޤ<br>
ޤpragma ³ pp-token STDC Ǥеꤵ줿ɸεǽξϥޥŸػߤ뤬¾ξϥޥŸоݤȤ뤫ɤ implementation-defined ȤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>e.pragma _Pragma() ΰʸƥ</h4>
<p>_Pragma() operator ΰʸƥǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.10" href="#toc.3.4.10">3.4.10. #if, #elif, #else, #endif</a></h3>
<p>#if, #else, #endif K&R 1st. 褢ΤǤ
*1<br>
#if ȤʤϤǤϡn.10.1, n.11.*, n.12.*, n.13.*, e.12.*, e.14.* ɤǤʤФǤʤ¾¿ΥƥȤ⼺Ԥ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion
</pre>
<h4>n.10.1. #elif Ȥ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥ #elif ɲäޤˤäơ#if ŤˤͥȤɤߤˤ褦ˤʤޤ<br>
#if ˤϥޥȤȤǤޤޥȤƤʤ identifier 0 ɾޤ</p>
<p>ʤʽǤϡ#if 餽б #endif ޤǤ #if section #if (#ifdef, #ifndef), #elif, #else, #endif Ƕڤ줿֥å #if group ȸƤǤޤ#if, #elif Ԥμ #if ȸƤӤޤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>n.10.2. åפ #if group Ǥ pp-token </h4>
<p>åפ #if group Ǥϡ#if group бطȥ졼뤿 #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #elif, #else, #endif Ĵ٤ʳ preprocessing directive Ͻ줺ޥŸޤ</p>
<p>tokenization ϹԤޤˡäΥϽᤫ齪ޤǥȤ pp-token sequence Ǥꡢˡ#if бطĴ٤뤿ˤϾʤȤ⥳Ȥνɬפǡ/* ȵǤ뤳ȤΤ뤿ˤϤ줬ʸƥʸˤΤǤϤʤȤΤʤФʤʤǤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.11" href="#toc.3.4.11">3.4.11. #if defined</a></h3>
<p>C90 Ǥ #if defined Ȥ黻Ҥߤޤ
#ifdef, #ifndef #if (#elif) 礹Τǡˤäơ#ifdef ŤˤͥȤ줿ɤߤˤ褦ˤʤޤ</p>
<h4>n.11.1. #if defined</h4>
<p>defined 黻Ҥ operand ϼ̻ҤǤ (, ) ǰϤȰϤޤʤǧƤޤɤ̣Ʊǡoperand ޥȤƤ 1Ǥʤ 0 ɾޤ</p>
<p> : 8Ĥ #if section ǤʤΤ 2 </p>
<h4>n.11.2. defined ñ黻</h4>
<p>defined ϱ黻ҤΣĤǤꡢ1 0 Τɤ餫ͤͿΤǡη̤¾μȱ黻뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.12" href="#toc.3.4.12">3.4.12. #if η</a></h3>
<p>#if ˤĤƤ K&R 1st. ǤȤƤǡηϤäꤷƤޤǤC90 Ǥ #if Ǥꡢint long ȡunsigned int unsigned long ƱɽäƤ뤫Τ褦˰ȤΤˤޤʤ#if ϤޤƤ٤ long unsigned long ɾޤСȡˤϤ٤ L ޤ UL ҤդƤΤƱ褦˰ޤ*1</p>
<p>ˡC99 Ǥ #if ηϤ줾νϤκȤޤη <stdint.h> Ȥɸإå intmax_t, uintmax_t Ȥ̾ typedef ޤC99 Ǥ long long ɬܤȤƤΤǡ#if η long long ޤϤʾΥȤȤˤʤޤlong long / unsigned long long ɽˤ LL (ll) / ULL (ull) ȤҤȤޤ*2<br>
long long / unsigned long long ͤ printf() ɽˤϡ%ll Ȥ length modifier Ŭ conversion specifier Ȥޤ%lld, %llu, %llx ˡintmax_t, uintmax_t ͤɽ length modifier %j Ǥ%jd, %ju, %jx ˡ*3</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ -- Semantics ̣§
</pre>
<pre>
*2 C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<pre>
*3 C99 7.19.6.1 The fprintf function -- Description
</pre>
<h4>n.12.1. long #if </h4>
<p>C90 #if Ǥ long ɾǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 6
</p>
<h4>n.12.2. unsigned long #if </h4>
<p>C90 #if Ǥ unsigned long ɾǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 4
</p>
<h4>n.12.3. ʿ</h4>
<p>#if ǤϣɾǤʤФʤޤK&R 1st. ǤƱͤǤlong κͤۤ K&R 1st. Ǥ long ͤɾ줿ΤФơC90 Ǥ unsigned long ɾȤäƤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4ʿǧ뤬ɾꥪСեꤹΤ 2 ʿǧʤΤ 0 </p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.3.2 Integer constants
C99 6.4.4.1 Integer constants
</pre>
<h4>n.12.4. ʿ</h4>
<p>#if
ǤϣɾǤʤФʤޤK&R 1st. ǤƱͤǤlong κͤۤ K&R 1st. Ǥ long ͤɾ줿ΤФơC90 Ǥ unsigned long ɾȤäƤޤ</p>
<p> : 4ʿǧ뤬ɾꥪСեꤹΤ 2 ʿǧʤΤ 0 </p>
<h4>n.12.5. L, l</h4>
<p>#if Ǥ L, l դȡɾǤʤФʤޤK&R 1st. Ǥ long κͤۤʤˤĤƤƱǤץץǤϤҤϤäƤʤƤɾƱǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.12.6. U, u</h4>
<p>#if Ǥ U, u դȡɾǤʤФʤޤ K&R 1st. ˤϤʤC90 Ǹǧ줿ˡǤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.12.7. </h4>
<p>#if ǤοⰷʤФʤޤK&R 1st. λͤǤ</p>
<p> : 4
</p>
<h4>e.12.8. ȡͤɽǤϰϤˤʤ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ#if ˸ȡͤ long ޤ unsigned long ɽǤϰϤˤʤ violation of constraintʿХ顼Ȥʤޤ #if ˤĤľܵꤵƤ뤳ȤǤϤޤ̤ˤĤƤε꤬ꡢ#if 㳰ǤϤʤȹͤޤ*1<br>
ʤʸ overflow ˤĤƤϡe.32.5., e.33.2, e.35.2 ǥƥȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>
:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.4 Constant expressions -- Constraints
C99 6.6 Constant expressions -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4>n.llong. long long / unsigned long long ɾ</h4>
<p>C99 #if ǤϾʤȤ long long / unsigned long long ɾǤʤФʤޤ<br>
long long κͤۤ unsigned long long ɾޤ<br>
C99 Ǥ LL, ll, ULL, ull ȤҤɲäޤ*1</p>
<p> : 10ĤΥץˤĤơǤФ줾 2 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C99 6.4.4.1 Integer constants
C99 6.6 Constant expressions -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4>e.intmax. 黻η̤ intmax_t ϰϳ</h4>
<p>C99 #if Ǥϡintmax_t, uintmax_t ϰϤۤ violation of constraint Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2 <stdint.h> ʤϥޥŬ˽Ƥ⤫ޤʤ</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.13" href="#toc.3.4.13">3.4.13. #if α黻</a></h3>
<p>#if ΰǤ
̤٤ȼΤ褦ʰ㤤Ǥ</p>
<ol>
<li>C90 Ǥ int longunsigned int unsigned long ƱɽĤΤ褦ɾ롣C99 Ǥ int, long intmax_tunsigned int, unsigned long uintmax_t ƱɽĤΤ褦ɾ롣<br>
<li>defined 黻ҤȤ롣<br>
<li>ޥŸ˻Ĥä identifier Ϥ٤ 0 ɾ롣*1<br>
<li>ץץǤ keyword ¸ߤʤΤǡkeyword Ʊ̾ identifier ñʤ identifier Ȥư롣äơ㥹Ȥ sizeof ϻȤʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>ؿƤӽФޱ黻Ҥϡ̤ǤȤޤѿǤϤʤΤǡȡǥȡȤޤ<br>
n.13 Ǥϰ̤ȶ̤ɾ롼ˤĤƥƥȤޤΤ n.13.5 K&R 1st. ȤѤäȤǡn.13.6. pre-Standard #if ǤϤޤޤäȤǡn.13.13., n.13.14 K&R 1st. ǤΤǤʤäΤǤ¾ K&R 1st. ޤäѤäƤޤ*2<br>
ʤ#if int ͤɾǤʤϤˤĤƤ⤳Υ롼ΥƥȤǤ褦ˡn.13. ǤϤ٤ƾͤȤäƤޤޤ黻 defined, >= n.13 ˽ФƤޤ¾Τɤ˽ФƤƤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C++ Standard Ǥ true, false ̰졢줾 1, 0 ɾ롣ϥޥǤϤʤ keyword Ǥ뤬ץץǤ boolean literal Ȥư뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롣</p>
<pre>
*2 C90 6.3 Expressions
C90 6.4 Constant expressions
C99 6.5 Expressions
C99 6.6 Constant expressions
</pre>
<h4>n.13.1. <<, >></h4>
<p>ӥåȥեȱ黻ϾʤȤ˴ؤƤϡݤϲ⤢ޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.13.2. ^, |, &</h4>
<p>ϤηϰϤˤޤäƤ¤ꡢƱͤΥӥåȥѥ CPU ϤΤˤ餺ƱʤΤǡ^, |, & Ȥ츫 CPU λͤ˰¸ʱ黻⡢ϰϤǤϤɤνϤǤޤäƱ̤ˤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.13.3. ||, &&</h4>
<p>ǤʤϤϤʤǤ礦
</p>
<p> : 4
</p>
<h4>n.13.4. ? :</h4>
<p>ǤʤϤϤʤǤ礦ʤȻפ줿ºݤˤϤʤʤˡ
</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.13.5. <<, >> Ǥ̾λѴϹԤʤ</h4>
<p>¿Σ黻ҤǤξդη뤿 usual arithmetic conversion ̾λѴˤԤޤK&R 1st. Ǥϥեȱ黻ҤǤ⤳줬Ԥ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤStandard C ǤϹԤʤȤˤʤޤդͤϾ˾Ǥ뤳ȡʳɽǤϡѴ줿ΤǤϥӥåȥѥѤäƤޤäƤΤ狼ʤʤäƤޤȤͤȡʵǤ礦*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>
:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.3.7 Bitwise shift operators ӥåñ̤Υեȱ黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.5.7 Bitwise shift operators -- Semantics
</pre>
¿Σ黻Ҥ˴ؤƤϡξդѷǤСФ̾λѴԤפȤƤ뤬<<, >> ˴ؤƤϤεܤʤC89 Rationale 3.3.7 (C99 Rationale 6.5.7) ˤˤĤƤβ⤬롣</p>
<h4>n.13.6. ̾λѴˤؤѴ</h4>
<p>黻 *, /, %, +, -, <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=, &, ^, |, ˴ؤƤϡξդη뤿ᡢξդ operand Ф̾λѴԤޤ黻 ? : 裲裳 operand ˤĤƤƱͤǤäơʤǤȡ¾ʤѴ졢ˤʤäƤޤޤ<br>
ʤ̤Ǥ̾λѴˡ operand int ûǤäϤФ integer promotion ĥˤԤޤ#if ǤϤ٤Ƥ operand ƱηȤưΤǡintegral promotion ȯޤ</p>
<p> : 6ĤΥƥȤǤ뤴Ȥ 2 <br>
ɾ§ K&R 1st. ǤƱʤΤǤ뤬Υץ 0U Ȥȡ U ҤȤäƤΤǡK&R 1st. νϤǤϽǤʤ</p>
<h4>n.13.7. ||, &&, ? : ǤɾǤڤ</h4>
<p>||, && 黻ҤǤɾޤäƤꡢդɾǷ̤ꤹбդɾޤ? : Ǥ operand ɾ̤ˤä軰Τɤ餫ɾ졢¾ɾޤ*1<br>
äơɾʤˤϤȤ 0 ˤäƤ⥨顼ˤϤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 6ĤΥץΤԤĤ뤴Ȥ 2 İʲʤΤ 0 ְäǥåФΤ 2 </p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 ? : 黻ҤǤϤ operand 軰 operand Ȥδ֤̾λѴϹԤ뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롣ɾʤΤѴȤ̯ʤȤǤ롣Ȥ #if ǻȤȡͤɾʤȷޤʤΤǡʤȸäƤդ̵Ǥ뤬ˤȽꤹ뤿ˤϡͤɾʤ0 ˤϤƤϤʤΤǤ롣äʤȤǤ롣</p>
<h4>n.13.8. ñ黻 -, +, !, ~ Υ롼ײ</h4>
<p>n.13.8 n.13.12 ޤǤ #if Υ롼ײΥƥȤǤϱ黻Ҥ̤ͥȷ絬§˽äƥ롼ײޤ̤Ǥ̤ͥ˹ʸǷޤʬޤ#if ϥ롼ԥ (, ) ʳˤϹʸȤʤȤϤޤn.13.8. n.13.10 ޤǤϷ絬§ΥƥȤǡn.13.8. ñ黻 -, +, !, ~ η絬§ΥƥȤǤñ黻ҤϤⱦ麸ط礵ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.13.9. ? : Υ롼ײ</h4>
<p>黻 ? : ϱ麸ط礵ޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.13.10. <<, >> Υ롼ײ</h4>
<p>黻ҤϤ⺸鱦ط礵ޤn.13.10. Ǥ <<, >> ΥƥȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.13.11. ̤ͥΰۤʤ黻ҤΥ롼ײΣ</h4>
<p>ñ黻 -, +, ! ȣ黻 *, /, >> Ȥ̤ͥ絬§ۤʤ黻Ҥδޤޤ뼰ΥƥȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.13.12. ̤ͥΰۤʤ黻ҤΥ롼ײΣ</h4>
<p>ñ黻 -, +, ~, ! ȣ黻 -, *, %, >>, &, | ^, ==, !=ˣ黻 ? : ޤवʣʼΥ롼ײΥƥȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.13.13. 黻ҤŸޥ</h4>
<p>#if ˤϥޥޤळȤǤޤ
Υޥ̾ŸΤǤˤĤƤ n.10.1, n.12.1, n_12.2, n.13.7 ΥƥȤ˴ޤޤƤΤǡǤϤ餿ƥƥȤޤ<br>
黻ҤŸޥȤΤϿҾʤΤǤϤޤϤ긶§ȤƱ黻ҤȤư٤Ǥ礦ISO C 1990 / Amendment 1 Ǥ <iso646.h> ȤɸإåꤵޤϤĤα黻ҤޥΤǤ (*1)&, |, !, ^, ~ ȤäʸȤʤƤ⥽ȤǤ褦ˡȤݤΤ褦Ǥץץ #if ǤϤΥޥŸʤ顢黻ҤȤưȤޤ<br>
¾ #if Υޥ defined Ÿ undefined Ȥ꤬ޤdefined identifier ʶ路Τ̰ˤʤäΤǤ礦<a href="#u.1.19">u.1.19</a> ȡˡ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C++ Standard Ǥϡʤ identifier ͱ黻ҤϥޥǤϤʤ token Ǥ롣</p>
<h4>n.13.14. ĤΥȡŸޥ</h4>
<p>ĤΥȡŸޥޤ #if ҾʤΤǤϤޤϤϤꤽΥޥȤŸ˾ɾ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.14" href="#toc.3.4.14">3.4.14. #if Υ顼</a></h3>
<p>e.14.1 e.14.10 ޤǤ #if Ǥ violation of syntax rule violation of constraint ΥƥȤǤϤϤΤɤ줫Ĥޤह٤ƤΥФơǥåФɬפޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ
C90 6.4 Constant expressions
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion
C99 6.6 Constant expressions
</pre>
<h4>e.14.1. ʸƥ</h4>
<p>#if ǤꡢݥϻȤʤΤǡʸƥϻȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.14.2. 黻 =, ++, --, . </h4>
<p>#if ǤΤǡѤı黻ҤѿϻȤޤ
A --B A - -B Ȥϰä violation of constraint Ǥ</p>
<p> : 4ĤΥץΤǤǤʤΤУĤ 2 İʾ夢 0 </p>
<h4>e.14.3. 뤷ʤ</h4>
<p>黻Ҥ operand ʤäꡢäбȤʤäꤹΤϡ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.14.4. #if defined Υå</h4>
<p>#if Ԥ defined Ȥ黻Ҥΰ (, ) ǰϤǤϤޤʤƤ⤫ޤޤåΤ violation of constraint Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.14.5. ʤ</h4>
<p>#if ǼʤΤϤ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>e.14.6. ޥŸȼʤʤ</h4>
<p>ޥȤƤʤ identifier 0 ɾޤޥŸȲʤʤäƤޤ #if ԤΰϤ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.14.7. Keyword ǧʤsizeof</h4>
<p>sizeof Ȥ pp-token ϥץץǤñʤ identifier Ȥư졢#if ǤϡޥȤƤʤ 0 ɾޤint Ȥ pp-token ƱͤǤäơsizeof (int) 0 (0) Ȥʤꡢviolation of syntax rule Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.14.8. Keyword ǧʤ̾</h4>
<p>e.14.7 Ʊͤˡ(int)0x8000 (0)0x8000 ȤʤꡢϤ violation of syntax rule Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>e.14.9. 0 ˤ</h4>
<p> e.14.9 ȼ e.14.10 ˤĤƤϡǥåФ٤ɤĤβ;Ϥꡢ꤬ޤǤʽˤϼΤ褦ʵ꤬ޤ</p>
<ul>
<li><samp>C90 6.4 Constant expressions -- Constraint </samp><br>
<li><samp>C99 6.6 Constant expressions -- Constraint</samp><br>
Each constant expression shall evaluate to a constant that is in the range of representable values for its type.<br>
ɾ̤ϡηɽǽͤϰˤǤʤФʤʤ<br>
</ul>
<p>εŬϰϤ餫ǤϤޤʤȤɬפʤȤˤŬѤ뤳ȤϼǤ#if ϤǤʤФʤޤ¾ǼΤ褦ʵ⤢ޤ</p>
<ul>
<li><samp>C90 6.3.5 Multiplicative operators 黻 -- Semantics ̣§</samp><br>
<li><samp>C99 6.5.5 Multiplicative operators -- Semantics</samp><br>
if the value of the second operand is zero, the behavior is undefined.<br>
2ڥɤͤ0ξ硢ư̤Ȥ롣<br>
<br>
<li><samp>C90 6.1.2.5 Types </samp><br>
<li><samp>C99 6.2.5 Types</samp><br>
A computation involving unsigned operands can never overflow,<br>
̵ڥɤޤϡ褷ƥСեʤ<br>
</ul>
<p>0 ˤʤ黻ǤϡɤεŬѤ٤Ǥ礦 ɤβ⤢ꤦ褦˻פޤ</p>
<p>ǤϤ᤹뤳Ȥˤޤ</p>
<blockquote>ᤵȤǤ 0 ˤޤơηϰϤˤޤʤ̤Ȥʤϸ§ȤƿǥåФʤФʤʤ</blockquote>
<p>Ǥ̤ˤʤȤΤϥץδְ㤤ͤ줺ϼ¹ԻǤϤʤѥɾΤʤΤǡ˿ǥåФΤȻפ뤫Ǥޤ0 ˤ㳰ΤԼǤ̵黻η̤ϰϳȤʤˤĤƤϵΤޤŤˤʤΤǡˤϴޤ᤺undefined Ȳ᤹뤳Ȥˤޤ</p>
<p>ISO 9899:1990 / Corrigendum 1 ǤϡViolation of syntax rule or constraint СȤ¾ΤȤ undefined or implementation-defined Ū˵ꤵƤƤ⡢ϤϿǥåФʤФʤʤפȤ꤬ɲäޤ C99 ˤѤƤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C99 5.1.1.3 Diagnostics
</pre>
<h4>e.14.10. 黻η̤ɽǤϰϤˤʤ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ#if ͤ long / unsigned long ɽǤϰϤˤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 4
ĤΥƥȤ٤ǤǤ 4 ĤǤǤ 2 İʲǤǤʤ 0 </p>
<h3><a name="3.4.15" href="#toc.3.4.15">3.4.15. #ifdef, #ifndef</a></h3>
<p>n.15 #ifdef, #ifndef ˴ؤƥȤǤ K&R 1st. Ǥ Standard C ǤޤäƱǤe.15 Ϥ violation of syntax rule ΥƥȤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax ʸ§
C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion
</pre>
<h4>n.15.1. #ifdef ˤޥΥƥ</h4>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.15.2. #ifndef ˤޥΥƥ</h4>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>e.15.3. ̻ҤǤʤ</h4>
<p>#ifdef, #ifndef Ԥΰ identifier ǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.15.4. ;פʰ</h4>
<p>#ifdef, #ifndef Ԥΰ identifier ʳ;פʥȡäƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.15.5. ʤ</h4>
<p>ʤΤ⡢ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.16" href="#toc.3.4.16">3.4.16. #else, #endif Υ顼</a></h3>
<p> #else, #endif violation of syntax rule ΥƥȤǤ
syntax K&R 1st. ѤäƤޤʤviolation of syntax rule or constraint ФƿǥåФʤФʤʤȤΤϡC90 ǽƵꤵ줿ȤǤˡ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax ʸ§
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax
</pre>
<h4>e.16.1. #else ;פʥȡ</h4>
<p>#else ιԤˤ¾Τɤʥȡ⤢äƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.16.2. #endif ;פʥȡ</h4>
<p>#endif ιԤˤ¾ΤɤʥȡäƤ⤤ޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#if MACRO
#else ! MACRO
#endif MACRO
</pre>
<p>ǤϤʤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#if MACRO
#else /* ! MACRO */
#endif /* MACRO */
</pre>
<p>Ƚޤ礦</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.17" href="#toc.3.4.17">3.4.17. #if, #elif, #else, #endif бطΥ顼</a></h3>
<p> #if (#ifdef, #ifndef), #elif, #else, #endif б˴ؤ violation of syntax rule ΥƥȤǤ syntax ۤ K&R 1st. ƱǤ#elif C90 ǿä줿ΤǤޤбϥեñ̤ΩäƤʤФʤʤȤϡK&R 1st. ǤΤǤϤʤäȤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax ʸ§
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax
</pre>
<h4>e.17.1. #if Τʤ #endif</h4>
<p>Ԥ #if ʤΤ #endif ФƤΤϡ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.2. #if Τʤ #else</h4>
<p>б #if Τʤ #else ְ㤤Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.3. #else θˤޤ #else</h4>
<p>#else θˤޤ #else ФƤΤ⡢ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.4. #else θ #elif</h4>
<p>#else θ #elif ФƤƤ⤤ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.5. 롼ɤ줿ե #if Τʤ #endif</h4>
<p>#if, #else, #endif ϥեpreprocessing fileñ̤бȤƤʤФʤޤ롼ɤ줿ե뤬ᤫ鸵եˤäΤ褦˰ȽбȤ롢ȤΤǤϥǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.6. 롼ɤ줿ե #endif Τʤ #if</h4>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.17.7. #endif Τʤ #if</h4>
<p>#endif ˺뤳Ȥϼºݤˤ褯ޤϤϤФƿǥåФʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.18" href="#toc.3.4.18">3.4.18. #define</a></h3>
<p>#define syntax K&R 1st. Ф C90 Ǥ #, ## 黻ҤɲäޤȤѤäƤޤ*1<br>
C99 ǤϤ˲Ѱޥɲäޤ<a href=#2.8>2.8</a> ȡˡ*2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax ʸ§
C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ
*2 C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement
</pre>
<h4>n.18.1. Object-like ޥ</h4>
<p>#define ԤκǽΥȡϥޥ̾Ǥľ white spaces ȡ裲Υȡ ( ǤäƤ⡢ִꥹȤγϤȤߤʤ졢function-like ޥȤϤߤʤޤޤޥ̾θ˲ȡʤСΥޥϣĤΥȡޤ</p>
<p> : 30ĤΥޥΤΣĤǤʤ 10 </p>
<h4>n.18.2. Function-like ޥ</h4>
<p>ޥ̾ľ white spaces Ϥޤ ( ȡ function-like ޥΥѥꥹȤγϤȤߤʤޤε K&R 1st. ΤΤǡwhite spaces ̵ͭ˺ character-oriented ʥץץκפĤäƤޤޤȤʤäƤϤɤ褦⤢ޤ</p>
<p> : 20</p>
<h4>n.18.3. ʸƥִоݤˤʤʤ</h4>
<p> "Reiser" model ΥץץåǤϡִꥹʸƥޤʸ˥ѥƱʬȡʬޥŸˤäư֤ޤ Standard C ϤK&R 1st. ǤǧƤʤäΤǤִ character-oriented ʥץץħ褯ͤǤtoken-oriented ʥץץǤǤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>n.vargs. Ѹİޥ</h4>
<p>C99 ǤϲѸİޥƳޤ</p>
<p> : 10
</p>
<h4>e.18.4. ̾ʤ</h4>
<p>#define ԤκǽΥȡϤ identifier ǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>e.18.5. ʤ</h4>
<p>#define Ԥ˥ȡĤʤΤ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>e.18.6. Υѥ</h4>
<p>Υѥ violation of syntax rule Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.5.4 Declarators -- Syntax ʸ§
C99 6.7.5 Declarators -- Syntax
</pre>
<h4>e.18.7. ѥ̾νʣ</h4>
<p>ĤΥޥΥѥꥹȤƱѥ̾ʣΤ violation of constraint Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Constraints
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4>e.18.8. ѥ̻ҤǤϤʤ</h4>
<p>ޥΥѥ identifier ǤʤФʤޤ *1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C99 Ǥ ... Ȥѥɲä줿ִꥹ __VA_ARGS__ Ϥбüʥѥ̾Ǥ롣</p>
<h4>e.18.9. ޥִ̾ꥹȤüȤ߹碌</h4>
<p>Standard C Ǥ identifier ʸȤ $ ǧƤޤǧϤŪ¸ߤƤޤΥץϤϤǥѥ뤵륽˸ΤΤǤ Standard C Ǥ $ ʸǣĤ pp-token ȲᤵΤǡޥ̾ THIS $ ʹߤ object-like ޥִꥹȤȤʤꡢTHIS$AND$THAT Ȥ̾ function-like ޥȤץΰտޤȤϤޤää̤ˤʤޤ<br>
ISO 9899:1990 Corrigendum 1 Ǥϡ˴ؤ㳰Ū꤬ɲäޤФƤ Standard C νϤϿǥåФʤФʤʤΤǤ*1<br>
C99 ǤϤäơ̤ object-like macro Ǥϡޥִ̾ꥹȤδ֤ white spaces ʤФʤʤȤޤ*2</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 Corrigendum 1 ˤ C90 6.8 Constraints ؤɲá<br>
C++ Standard ǤϤεϾäƤ롣</p>
<pre>
*2 C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4>e.vargs1. ִꥹȤǤϤʤȤ __VA_ARGS__</h4>
<p>C99 βѰޥǤϡޥΥѥꥹ ... бѥȤִꥹǤ __VA_ARGS__ Ȥޤ identifier ϤʳΤȤ˻ȤäƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2ĤΥץǤǤ 2 ĤǤ 0 </p>
<h3><a name="3.4.19" href="#toc.3.4.19">3.4.19. ޥκ</a></h3>
<p>ޥκˤĤƤ K&R 1st. ǤϲƤ餺ޤޤǤStandard C ǤϡƱϵ뤬ۤʤǧʤȤˤʤޤޥϻ¾塢ʤȤˤʤޤ#undef Ǥääʤ¤ˡ*1, *2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Constraints
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Constraints
</pre>
<p>*2 ˥ФǺǧϤ¿<b>mcpp</b> ¸νϤȤθߴΤᡢV.2.4 Ϥ</p>
<h4>n.19.1. ִꥹȤ white spaces ΰ㤤</h4>
<p>White spaces οäƤϵޤ</p>
<p> :4</p>
<h4>n.19.2. ѥꥹ white spaces ΰ㤤ȹԤޤ white spaces ΰ㤤</h4>
<p>White spaces ˤϡ<backslash><newline> sequence 䥳ȤˤäƥԤޤΤޤޤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>e.19.3. ִꥹȤΥȡ㤦</h4>
<p>ִꥹȤΥȡۤʤ violation of constraint Ǥ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>e.19.4. ִꥹ white space ̵ͭ㤦</h4>
<p>ִꥹ white space ̵ͭۤʤ violation of constraint Ǥˤ character-oriented ʥץץοĤäƤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>e.19.5. ѥλȤ㤦</h4>
<p>ѥλȤΰ㤦ϼ¼ŪˤۤʤʤΤǡviolation of constraint Ǥ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>e.19.6. ѥ̾㤦</h4>
<p>ѥ̾㤦μ¼ŪƱ violation of constraint Ȥʤޤ constraint Ȼפޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.19.7. Function-like, object-like ޥ̾ζ</h4>
<p>ޥ̾ϰĤ֤̾°Τǡfunction-like ޥ object-like ޥȤƱ̾ȤȤϤǤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.20" href="#toc.3.4.20">3.4.20. Keyword Ʊ̾Υޥ</a></h3>
<p>ץץǤ keyword ¸ߤʤΤǡkeyword Ʊ̾ identifier ޥȤŸ뤳ȤǤޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1 Lexical elements -- Syntax ʸ§
C99 6.4 Lexical elements -- Syntax
C89 Rationale 3.8.3 (C99 Rationale 6.10.3) Macro replacement
</pre>
<h4>n.20.1. ̾Ϥ٤ŸоݤȤʤ</h4>
<p> : 6</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.21" href="#toc.3.4.21">3.4.21. Pp-token ʬΥפޥŸ</a></h3>
<p>ե pp-token ؤʬ translation phase 3 ǹԤޤ
ơΤȤʣ pp-token Ĥ pp-token Ϣ뤵ȤΤϡ## 黻ҤȤä줿ޥŸϢ뤵硢# 黻ҤȤä줿ޥŸʸ硢ܤʸƥ뤬Ϣ뤵礷ꤵƤޤäơʣ pp-token ۤΤϢ뤵뤳ȤϡäƤϤʤʤȤȲᤵޤ token-oriented ʥץץθ§餹ȡΤȤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement
</pre>
<h4>n.21.1. Pp-token ۤΤϢ뤵뤳ȤϤʤ</h4>
<p>ץץΩץǹԤϡΥץνϤΣĤ - Ĥ̡ pp-token Ǥ뤳ȤѥΤˤ狼褦ˡ餫 token separator ʬΥϤɬפޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.21.2. ޥΥޥʬΥ</h4>
<p>ޥΰ˥ޥä⡢Ÿִ̤ꥹ pp-token ȤäĤƤޤäƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.22" href="#toc.3.4.22">3.4.22. Pp-number Υޥ sequence</a></h3>
<p>Preprocessing-number Standard C ǽƵꤵ줿ΤǤ
ȡưȡ碌ΤϰϤidentifier ʬޤळȤ⤢ޤץץǤ tokenization ñˤ뤿˵ꤵ줿ΤǤޥʬ pp-number 硢ñ tokenization ̤ˤʤȡְ㤤ޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.8 Preprocessing numbers
C99 6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers
</pre>
<h4>n.22.1. Pp-number Υޥ sequenceΣ</h4>
<p>12E+EXP Ȥ sequence ϣĤ pp-number ʤΤǡȤ EXP ȤޥƤƤ⡢Ÿ뤳ȤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.22.2. Pp-number Υޥ sequenceΣ</h4>
<p>Pp-number digit ޤ . ǻϤޤޤ
</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.22.3. Pp-number γΥޥŸ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ+ ޤ - E ޤ e ˤ³ pp-number ˸뤳ȤǤޤ12+EXP 12E+EXP Ȱ㤤12 + EXP ȤĤ pp-token ʬޤϤ줾 pp-number, operator, identifier ǤEXP ޥǤСŸޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.ppnum [Pp][+-] sequence</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥϡưʤɽ뤿ˡpp-number P ޤ p + ޤ - ³ sequence ɲäޤ<br>
ʤprintf() ưʤɽˤ %a, %A Ȥ conversion specifier Ȥޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C99 7.19.6.1 The fprintf function -- Description
</pre>
<h3><a name="3.4.23" href="#toc.3.4.23">3.4.23. ## 黻ҤȤäޥ</a></h3>
<p>## C90 ǿ줿黻Ҥǡ#define ԤִꥹǤȤޤ## pp-token ϥޥŸϢ뤵ƣĤ pp-token Ȥʤޤ## pp-token ѥξϡޥŸ˼°֤ƤϢ뤵ޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.3 The ## operator ##黻
C99 6.10.3.3 The ## operator
</pre>
<h4>n.23.1. ȡϢ</h4>
<p>## 黻ҤȤäǤñ function-like ޥǤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.23.2. Pp-number </h4>
<p>## 黻Ҥ operand ϥޥŸʤΤǡ xglue() Τ褦ˤ⤦Ĥΰ츫̣ʤʥޥ֤ƻȤȤФйԤޤϰΥޥŸƤϢ뤹뤿ǤΥץΥޥƤӽФ줿 12e+2 Ȥ sequence ͭ pp-number Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.23.3. ## ˥ȡʤobject-like ޥ</h4>
<p>ִꥹ ## 黻Ҥˤɬ pp-token ʤФʤޤ object-like ޥǤObject-like ޥ ## ȤȤ̵̣ǤǤϥ顼ǤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.23.4. ## ˥ȡʤfunction-like ޥ</h4>
<p> function-like ޥִꥹ ## 黻Ҥ pp-token ΤʤǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.24" href="#toc.3.4.24">3.4.24. # 黻ҤȤäޥ</a></h3>
<p># 黻Ҥ C90 Ƴ줿ΤǤFunction-like ޥ #define ԤִꥹȤǤȤޤ# 黻Ҥ operand ϥѥǡΥޥŸб°ʸƥѴޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.2 The # operator #黻
C99 6.10.3.2 The # operator
</pre>
<h4>n.24.1. ʸ</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand бξü " " ǰϤޤʸޤ</p>
<p> : 6"a + b" ȥȡ֤ space Τ 2 </p>
<h4>n.24.2. ȡ֤ white spaces ΰ</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand бʣ pp-token sequence ΩäƤϡ pp-token ֤ white spaces a space ѴƤʸ졢white spaces ʤ space ޤʤwhite spaces οˤϱƶʤΤΡ̵ͭˤäƷ̤äƤޤʤ character-oriented ʥץץοĤäƤˡ white spaces Ϻޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.24.3. \ </h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand бʸƥޤʸϡˤ \, " ʸƥϤ " ʸľ \ ޤʸƥʸΤޤޤηɽ뤿ʸƥˡƱǤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.24.4. <backslash><newline> ޤޥƤӽФ</h4>
<p><backslash><newline> sequence translation phase 2 Ǻޤ顢ޥŸˤϻĤäƤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.24.5. ޥŸη̤ token separator Ĥʤ</h4>
<p>̤˥ޥŸǤϤη̤ pp-token ȤäĤƤޤʤ褦˲餫 token-separator 뤳ȤԤޤ<a href="#3.4.21">3.4.21</a> ȡˡޥŸη̤ʸϡϺʤФʤޤ<br>
ʤ token-based ʽ§Ȥʤ character-oriented ʬäƤ뤿ˡ䤳꤬ȯޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.24.6. # 黻Ҥ operand ѥ̾Ǥʤ</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand ϥѥ̾ǤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.25" href="#toc.3.4.25">3.4.25. ޥΥޥŸ</a></h3>
<p>Function-like ޥθƤӽФ˺ݤơ˥ޥޤޤƤˤŸ뤫ˤĤƤϡK&R 1st. ǤϿƤޤǤPre-C90 νϤǤμޤޤä褦ǤִꥹȤκŸΤ¿ä⤷ޤStandard C ǤϤϡƱꤷȡѥ֤ŸȵꤵޤؿƤӽФǤΰɾƱͤνǡ狼䤹ʤޤ #, ## 黻Ҥ operand ǤѥбΤξϡ˥ޥ̾ޤޤƤƤ⡢ϥޥƤӽФȤϤߤʤ줺Ÿޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.1 Argument substitution °ִ
C99 6.10.3.1 Argument substitution
</pre>
<h4>n.25.1. ΥޥŸ</h4>
<p>ΥޥϡƱꤵ줿ȤŸ졢줫ִꥹΥѥ֤ޤäơĤΰȤƱꤵ줿ΤϡȤŸʣΰΤ褦ʷˤʤäƤ⣱ĤΰǤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.25.2. ĤΥȡŸ</h4>
<p>ƱͤˡŸȣĤΥȡˤʤäƤޤ⡢ˡŪʤΤǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.25.3. ## 黻ҤȤޥǸƤӽФ</h4>
<p>## 黻Ҥ operand ѥξ硢бϥޥŸʤΤǡޥŸϤ⤦ĤΥޥͥȤɬפޤ<br>
Ǥϡxglue() ## 黻ҤȤäƤʤΤǡΰǤ glue( a, b) ϥޥŸ ab Ȥʤꡢxglue() ִꥹȤ glue( ab, c) Ȥʤޤ줬 abc ǽ̤Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.25.4. ## 黻Ҥ operand Ÿʤ</h4>
<p> glue() ľܸƤӽФƤΤǡΰ˥ޥ̾äƤŸޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.25.5. # 黻Ҥ operand Ÿʤ</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand Ǥѥб⡢ޥŸޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>e.25.6. ΥޥŸϰϤǴ뤷ʤ</h4>
<p>ΥޥŸϤΰǹԤޤ뤷ʤޥ violation of constraint ǤFunction-like ޥ̾ϤǤϥޥƤӽФǤϤޤ ( ³ȡ줬ޥƤӽФ sequence γϤȤʤޤϤ줿Ǹ塢 ( б ) ʤФʤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Constraint
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Constraints
</pre>
<h3><a name="3.4.26" href="#toc.3.4.26">3.4.26. ޥƱ̾ޥ</a></h3>
<p>ޥƵŪˤʤäƤ硢ΥޥΤޤŸƤ椯̵ºƵˤʤäƤޤޤΤᡢK&R 1st. ǤϺƵŪʥޥȤȤǤޤǤStandard C Ǥ̵ºƵɤʤƵŪޥŸǽˤ뤿ᡢִޥ̾ϺִʤȤ꤬ߤޤεϤʤǤΤ褦˥ѥե졼Ǥޤ*1</p>
<ol>
<li>ޥ A ִꥹȤκˤޤ A Ȥ̾ĤäƤ⡢Ϻִʤ<br>
<li>ޥ A ִꥹ˥ޥ B θƤӽФꡢޥ B ִ A Ȥ̾ФƤͥȤ줿ִξ⡢ A Ϻִʤ<br>
<li>ޥ B ִǸΥޥ A ִꥹȤθΥȡޤ줿ϡμޤ줿ʬˤ A ִ롣ִΤϡ A ʲ餫ΥޥִꥹǤϤʤ˥ˤ˸¤롣<br>
<li>ޥ B ִˤĤƤ⡢飳ƵŪŬѤ롣ʤޥ B ִˤޤ B 졢줬 B ִꥹȤθΥΥȡˤΤǤʤС B Ϻִʤ<br>
<li>Υޥ A θƤӽФΰ˥ޥ C θƤӽФꡢִ˸줿 C 飳ŬѤƺִػߤ줿硢 C ϸΥޥ A ִꥹȤκǤִʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>ѥե졼ƤޤǤȤˣϡ³ΥȡμߤȤŪʥޥͤͳ褹Τǡ줬̵ѤѻˤƤޤˤĤƤϵʤ corrigendum ФꤷƤƤޤ餬Ǥޤ³ȡˤȤǤʤȤŸˡѤȤΤ⡢ΤʤͤǤ*2</p>
<p>³ȡޥŸȤΤ۾ʤΤǤˡʬˤäִػߤ줿ޥٸȤΤŤ˰۾ʥǤ Validation Suite ǤϡŤ˰۾ʥޥˤĤƤΥƥȹܤ n.27.6 ޤָ³ȡμߡפȤޥŸΰ۾ʵ꤬뤳ȤԤȻפޤ*3</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement Ⱥִ
C99 6.10.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement
</pre>
<p>*2 <a href="#2.7.6">2.7.6</a> ȡ</p>
<p>*3 ƵŪޥŸ˴ؤ뵬ʤλͤˤĤƤϡˣ̤βꡢ newsgroup comp.std.c 褬ԤƤ롣recurs.t ϤǺΣĤǤ롣recurs.t ΥȤȤ줿ΥץɾоݤȤϤʤ</p>
<p><b>mcpp</b> Standard ⡼ɤǤϡƵŪޥŸˤĤƤĤˡƤ롣ǥեȤǤƱ̾ޥִػߤϰϤ嵭 1-5 ΤȤ깭ȤꡢΥץ NIL(42) Ÿ롣-@compat ץꤹȺִػߤϰϤȤꡢ42 Ÿ롣λͤΰ㤤ФƤΤϡ嵭 3 Ǵؿޥ A θƤӽФȾʬ B ִꥹ˸Ǥ롣ǥեȤǤϡA ̾ B ִꥹ˸줿 A κִػߤ뤬-@compat ץǤϡA ̾ǤʤꥹȤȤϤ '(' ')' Τ٤Ƥ B ִꥹ˸줿ִػߤ롣ޤA ̾ˤ뤫ɤǶ̤ʤ</p>
<h4>n.26.1. ľܺƵ object-like ޥϺŸʤ</h4>
<p> object-like ޥľܺƵǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.26.2. ܺƵ object-like ޥŸʤ</h4>
<p>Object-like ޥδܺƵǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.26.3. ľܺƵ function-like ޥŸʤ</h4>
<p>Function-like ޥľܺƵǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.26.4. ܺƵ function-like ޥŸʤ</h4>
<p>Function-like ޥδܺƵǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.26.5. κƵŪޥ</h4>
<p>Standard C ˤϡְٺִػߤ줿ޥϡ̤ʸ̮ǺƤִʤפȤ̣ʵ꤬ޤŪˤ˳ΤϰΥޥοƥޥΰǤ˺ƵŪޥäϡ٤ִޤϿƥޥκǤִޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.27" href="#toc.3.4.27">3.4.27. ޥκ</a></h3>
<p>ޥִꥹȤΤ K&R 1st. λͤǤȯ줿ޥϺƵŪޥǤʤ¤ꡢִޤˤäơͥȤ줿ޥޤStandard C Ǥäѹä櫓ǤϤޤK&R 1st. ǤΤǤʤäȤ餫ΤˤʤäƤޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement Ⱥִ
C99 6.10.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement
</pre>
<h4>n.27.1. Object-like ޥΥͥ</h4>
<p> K&R 1st. ǤƱǤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.27.2. Function-like ޥΥͥ</h4>
<p> K&R 1st. ǤƱǤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.27.3. ## 黻Ҥ줿̾ŸоݤȤʤ</h4>
<p>## 黻Ҥ operand бϥޥŸޤpp-token Ϣˤä줿 pp-token ϡ˥ޥŸоݤȤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.27.4. ִꥹ˷줿 function-like ޥ</h4>
<p>Function-like ޥ̾ФƤƤ⡢ ( ³ƤʤϡϥޥƤӽФȤϤߤʤޤ function-like ޥ̾졢ִꥹˤ̾Ȥä function-like ޥθƤӽФȡŸޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.27.5. Function-like ޥȾִꥹ</h4>
<p>ִꥹȤ function-like ޥθƤӽФȾȤ۾ʥޥϡpre-Standard ǤϰۤλͤǤStandard C ǤϸǧƤޤޤִꥹȤθ pp-token ޤơޥƤӽФ뤷ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.27.6. ִƱ̾ޥ</h4>
<p>Ǥϰ̤Ʊ̾ΥޥϺִޤִ⤢ޤͥȤ줿ޥƤӽФǺִꥹȤθΥ pp-token ߡƱ̾ޥȤ۾ʾǤ<a href=#3.4.26>3.4.26</a> ȡˡ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.27.7. ˰οʤ</h4>
<p>Function-like ޥθƤӽФǤϰοѥοȰפƤʤФʤޤִꥹȤκȯ줿 function-like ޥǤ⡢ƱͤǤ , ǶڤΤʤΤǡȥåʥޥǤϰοľŪˤ狼ˤȤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.28" href="#toc.3.4.28">3.4.28. ޥ</a></h3>
<p>C90 ǤϣĤüʥޥϤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ*1<br>
C90 / Amendment 1 Ǥϡ<tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> Ȥޥɲäޤ<br>
<tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__LINE__</tt> ưŪѲƤ椯üʥޥǤassert() ޥǥХåѥġǤλȤƻޤ¾ɸޥϣĤ translation unit νѲޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.8 Predefined macro names 餫줿ޥ̾
*2 C99 6.10.8 Predefined macro names
</pre>
<h4>n.28.1. __FILE__</h4>
<p>ץץΥե̾ɽʸƥޤ
#include ˤäƼޤ줿եǤϤΥե̾ˤʤΤǡƱ translation unit ǤѲޤ</p>
<p> : 4"n_28.t" ȤʸƥǤʤ n_28.t Ȥäñʤ̾ˤʤΤ 0 </p>
<h4>n.28.2. __LINE__</h4>
<p>ץץΥեιֹɽޤֹϣϤޤޤֹʪԤֹǤ</p>
<p> : 4ֹ椬 0 ϤޤΤ 2 </p>
<h4>n.28.3. __DATE__</h4>
<p>ץץιԤƤդɽʸƥޤ
asctime() ؿΤȤۤƱ "Mmm dd yyyy" ηǤ 10 ̤ξ dd Σܤ 0 ǤϤʤ space ˤʤȤäƤޤ</p>
<p> : 410 ̤ξ dd Σܤ 0 ȤʤΤ 2 </p>
<h4>n.28.4. __TIME__</h4>
<p>ץץιԤƤɽʸƥޤasctime() ؿΤƱ "hh:mm:ss" ηǤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.28.5. __STDC__</h4>
<p>C90, C99 νϤǤ 1 ޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.28.6. __STDC_VERSION__</h4>
<p>C90 / Amendment 1:1995 бϤǤϡ줬 199409L ޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 Amendment 1 / 3.3 Version macroISO 9899:1990 / 6.8.8 ؤɲá
</pre>
<h4>n.stdmac. C99 λޥ</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥ <tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> ͤ 199901L Ǥ
<br>
ޤ<tt>__STDC_HOSTED__</tt> Ȥޥɲäޤ
ϽϤ hosted implementation Ǥ 1 ˡǤʤ 0 ޤ</p>
<p> : 4 2 </p>
<h4>n.28.7. 롼ɤ줿ե __LINE__ </h4>
<p><tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__LINE__</tt> translation unit ǤϤʤեоݤȤΤǡinclude 줿ǤϤ include ե̾ȹֹˤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 4ֹ椬 0 ϤޤΤ 2 </p>
<h3><a name="3.4.29" href="#toc.3.4.29">3.4.29. #undef</a></h3>
<p>#undef K&R 1st. Τǡ礭ѲϤޤꤵ줿ޥäޤޥƱ translation unit ǡ#define Ƥ #undef ǼäޤǤδ֤ͭϰϤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.5 Scope of macro definitions ޥͭϰ
C99 6.10.3.5 Scope of macro definitions
</pre>
<h4>n.29.1. #undef ˤޥμä</h4>
<p>#undef 줿ǤϤΥޥ̾ϤϤޥǤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>n.29.2. Ƥʤޥ #undef</h4>
<p>ޥȤƤʤ̾ #undef 뤳ȤϵƤޤ
ϤϤ顼ˤƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 4 </p>
<h4>e.29.3. ̾ʤ</h4>
<p>#undef Ԥˤ identifier ɬפǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.29.4. ;פʥȡ</h4>
<p>#undef ԤˤϣĤ identifier ʳΤΤäƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.29.5. ʤ</h4>
<p>#undef Ԥ˰ʤΤ violation of syntax rule Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.30" href="#toc.3.4.30">3.4.30. ޥƤӽФ</a></h3>
<p>ޥƤӽФ˺ݤƤϡԤñʤ white spaces ΣĤȤưޤ
äơޥƤӽФʣιԤˤޤ뤳ȤǤޤ K&R 1st. ǤΤǤϤޤǤ*1<br>
ؿͥޥƤӽФΰȤΤ , Ƕڤ줿ΤǤ( ) ΥڥäƤ , ϰڤΤȤϤߤʤޤΤȤϤǤľܤϥƥȤޤn.25. ᡢǰۤΤ˥ƥȤƤޤޤ*.c Υץ¿ assert() ޥȤäƤΤǡ˴ؤƤϤʤʣʥƥȤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>n.30.1. ޥƤӽФʣԤˤޤ뤳ȤǤ</h4>
<p> : 6</p>
<h4>n.nularg. ޥƤӽФΥ</h4>
<p>C99 ǤϥޥƤӽФǥǧޤ
ϰβᾯȤϰۤʤޤʬΥ ',' ϾάǤޤʥѥĤξϤξԤ̤Ǥʤˡ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.31" href="#toc.3.4.31">3.4.31. ޥƤӽФΥ顼</a></h3>
<p>ϥޥƤӽФΤĤΥ顼Ǥ</p>
<h4>e.31.1. ¿</h4>
<p>οѥοȰäƤΤ violation of constraint ǤUndefined ǤϤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Constraint
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4>e.31.2. ʤ</h4>
<p>οѥο꾯ʤΤ violation of constraint Ǥ<br>
C99 Ǥϥǧޤ
ϰβᾮȤϰۤʤޤʬΥ ',' ǡƤƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.31.3. ǥ쥯ƥֹԤǴ뤷ʤޥƤӽФ</h4>
<p>̤ˤϥޥƤӽФʣιԤˤޤ뤳ȤǤޤ# ǻϤޤ preprocessing directive line ϤιԡʥȤ a space ѴιԡˤǴ뤹ΤǡˤޥƤӽФ⤽ιԤǴ뤷ƤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.vargs2. Ѱޥΰʤ</h4>
<p>C99 βѰޥǤ __VA_ARGS__ б°ϡʤȤ⣱ĤɬפǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.32" href="#toc.3.4.32">3.4.32. #if ʸ</a></h3>
<p>#if ǤʸȤȤǤޤɾϤۤȤ implementation-defined ǡݡӥƥϤޤꤢޤ32.? ǤϺǤñʣХȤʸsingle-byte character constantˤ夲ޤ*1<br>
Validation Suite i_* ΥץϤ٤ơ#if ǤδʸåȤ ASCII Ǥ뤳ȤȤƤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.3.4 Character constants ʸ
C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.4.4.4 Character constants
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<p>ʲ33, 34, 35 ΥƥȤŵƱǤ롣</p>
<h4>n.32.1. Character octal escape sequence</h4>
<p>ʸǤϣ escape sequence ȤȤǤޤ
˴ؤƤϤɤνϤǤƱǡimplementation-defined ʬϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.32.2. Character hexadecimal escape sequence</h4>
<p>ʸǤϣ escape sequence ȤȤǤޤ
implementation-defined ʬϤޤ escape sequence K&R 1st. ˤϤʤäΤǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>i.32.3. Single-byte character constant</h4>
<p>Escape sequence ǤϤʤХȤʸñʤΤǤʸåȤˤäͤۤʤޤѥȼ¹ԻȤǴʸåȤ㤦ѥǤϡ#if ɾǤϤΤɤȤäƤ⤫ޤʤȤˤʤäƤޤ<br>
ޤƱʸåȤǤäƤ⡢ΰ implementation-defined ǡ⥳ѥΡtranslation phase 7ˤȥץץphase 4ˤȤǰۤʤäƤƤ⤫ޤʤȤˤʤäƤޤ<br>
äơ#if ʸͤƴʸåȤȽꤹ뤳ȤϡݾڤƤˡǤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>i.32.4. '\a', '\v'</h4>
<p>Standard C Ǥ '\a', '\v' Ȥ escape sequence ɲäޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.32.5. Escape sequence ͤ unsigned char ϰϳ</h4>
<p>ʸΣĤ escape sequence ϣĤ single-byte character ͤɽΤʤΤǡunsigned char ϰϤˤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.33" href="#toc.3.4.33">3.4.33. #if Υ磻ʸ</a></h3>
<p>磻ʸ Standard C ǿߤ줿ΤǤ
ͤɾ single-byte character constant ˤ implementation-defined ǡХȤɾƤޤ<br>
磻ʸˤϳƼ encoding ޤ <a href="#4.1">4.1</a> ǤȤꤢޤ
Ǥ ASCII ʸб磻ʸȤꤢޤ</p>
<h4>e.33.2. 磻ʸͤϰϳ</h4>
<p>磻ʸǤ⣱ʤޤϣʤ escape sequence Ȥޤͤϥ磻ʸͤʤɽϰϤˤʤФʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.35" href="#toc.3.4.35">3.4.35. #if multi-character ʸ</a></h3>
<p>ʸˤ multi-character character constant ȤΤ⤢ޤMulti-byte character constant ʶ路ѸǤ̤γǰǡʣ character ʤʸ̣ޤ character ˤϡsingle-byte character, multi-byte character, wide character ꡢ줾б multi-character character constant ΤǤʵʽǤ character ȤѸ single-byte character ΰ̣ǻȤƤ뤬ǤϣʸؤդȤƻȤˡ<br>
Multi-character character constant λȤƻä˲ʤǤ줬 K&R 1st. ǧƤΤñˡcharacter constant η int int ϰϤΤǤвǤ⤫ޤʤȤȤˤʤȻפޤ</p>
<h4>i.35.1. multi-character ʸɾ</h4>
<p>Single-byte character multi-character character constant ϡK&R 1st. 餢äΤǤA.16ˡɾΥХȥ K&R 1st. Ǥ Standard C ǤꤵƤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>e.35.2. multi-character ʸͤϰϳ</h4>
<p>ʤޤϣ escape sequence ˤ multi-character character constant ͤ̾ int ޤ unsigned int ϰϤˤʤФʤʤȹͤޤC90 Ǥ #if Ǥ int / unsigned int long / unsigned long ƱɽĤΤ褦˰Τǡlong ޤ unsigned long ϰϤˤ뤫ɤåФȹͤޤϵʤΤǤϤޤͤɾλΤΤ implementation-defined ǤΤǡϰϥå implementation-defined ǤȤǤޤ<br>
ˤƤ⡢Υץ long ӥåȰʲνϤǤϤɤɾƤ unsigned long ϰϤĶΤǡǥåФΤŬǤ礦<br>
C99 Ǥ #if ηϤνϤκȤʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>i.35.3. Multi-character 磻ʸɾ</h4>
<p>磻ʸ multi-character constant ȤΤ¸ߤޤ
ɾλϤϤŪ implementation-defined Ǥб multi-byte character multi-character constant ȹäƤɬפޤ</p>
<p> : ʤ</p>
<h3><a name="3.4.37" href="#toc.3.4.37">3.4.37. Translation limits</a></h3>
<p>Standard C ǤϡϤȤΤǤƼ translation limits κ¤ꤵޤεϤʤˤ䤫ʤΤǤʤθ³ͤˤĤƤ줾졢İʾޤץǤ¹ԤǤʤФʤʤȤΤǤ Validation Suite ΥץФ狼褦ˡΥץϽϤˤȤäƺǤôʤʤ褦ˡñºŪ˽ȤǤޤ translation limits ݾڤ櫓ǤϤʤȤˡդƤTranslation limits εܰ¤ˤʤȸޤΥץϥץץδط룸 translation limits ΥƥȤΤǤ*1, *2, *3<br>
ʤΥƥȥץΰϲˤޤ褦˹Ԥޤ֤ƤޤϤˤäƤϡ³νԤʤˤΥƥȤ˼Ԥ뤳ȤޤBorland C ˡ³ΥƥȤǤŪǤϤʤΤǡԤϥǥǹԤĤʤǺƥƥȤƤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.4.1 Translation limits ³
*2 C99 5.2.4.1 Translation limits
</pre>
<p>C99 Ǥϡtranslation limits ˳礵Ƥ롣
C++ Standard ǤϤ礭<a href=#4.6>4.6</a> ȡˡ</p>
<h4>n.37.1. ޥΣĤΥѥ</h4>
<p>C90 ǤϡޥΥѥϣĤޤǤݾڤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.37.2. ޥƤӽФΣĤΰ</h4>
<p>Ʊͤ C90 ǤϡޥƤӽФΰϣĤޤǤݾڤƤޤ</p>
<p>
: 2</p>
<h4>n.37.3. ʸμ̻̾</h4>
<p>C90 ǤϡTranslation unit Ū identifierʥޥ̾⤳˴ޤޤˤƬ 31 characters ͭդǤ뤳ȤݾڤƤޤץץϤ31 ХȤ̤̾ɬפޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.2 Identifiers ̻ -- Implementation limits ϸ³
</pre>
<h4>n.37.4. Ťξ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ#if (#ifdef, #ifndef) section ΥͥȤϣŤޤǤݾڤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 2
</p>
<h4>n.37.5. Ť #include</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ#include ΥͥȤϣŤޤǤݾڤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.37.6. ŤΥåդ #if </h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ (, ) ΥͥȤϣŤޤǤݾڤƤޤ
#if ˤŬѤȹͤޤ#if Ǥϰ̤μȰäƤޤݾڤɬפϤʤȤפ롣#if long / unsigned long ɾ뤳Ȥȡ¹ԻĶؤ䤤碌ɬפȤ¹Ի phase 7 ƱɾλǤʤƤ褤ȤȤ㳰ȤƵꤵƤơ¾¦̤Ǥ̰ƤʤΤǡʵˤʤäƤȤ⤢ˡ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.37.7. 509 ХȤʸƥ</h4>
<p>C90 ǤϡʸƥĹ 509 ХȤޤǤݾڤƤޤĹϥȡĹǤꡢchar ǿǤϤޤξü " ޤߡ\n ϣХȤȿޤ磻ʸƥǤ L Ȥ prefix ޤߤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.37.8. 509 ХȤ</h4>
<p>C90 ǤϡԤĹ 509 ХȤޤǤݾڤƤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>n.37.9. 1024 ĤΥޥ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡޥ 1024 ĤޤǤݾڤƤޤtranslation limits εǤ⤳줬Ǥ⤢ޤʤΤǤΥץΤ褦˺ǤñʥޥФξȡĹʥޥ¿ޤȤǡϤɬפȤ̤Ϥޤäۤʤޤޤ1024 Ĥ˻ޥޤफɤǤ⡢ƥȥץबäƤޤºݤΥץǤϡ桼ץǥޥˡɸإå¿ΥޥޤεϤޤ礶äѤܰ¤ˤޤºݤθ³ϥƥǤ̤ˤäƷޤǤ礦</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>n.tlimit. C99 translation limits</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥ translation limits ˳礵ޤ</p>
<p> : ʲΤ줾ˤĤ 2</p>
<h4>n.37.1.L. ޥ 127 ĤΥѥ</h4>
<h4>n.37.2.L. ޥƤӽФ 127 Ĥΰ</h4>
<h4>n.37.3.L. 63 ʸμ̻̾</h4>
<h4>n.37.4.L. 63 Ťξ</h4>
<h4>n.37.5.L. 15 Ť #include</h4>
<h4>n.37.6.L. 63 ŤΥåդ #if </h4>
<h4>n.37.7.L. 4095 ХȤʸƥ</h4>
<h4>n.37.8.L. 4095 ХȤ</h4>
<h4>n.37.9.L. 4095 ĤΥޥ</h4>
<br>
<h2><a name="3.5" href="#toc.3.5">3.5. ʬΥɥ</a></h2>
<p>Standard C ˤ implementation-definedʽˤȸƤФʬޤ
ʬλͤϽϤˤäưۤʤޤϤϤλͤɥȤ˵ܤʤФʤʤȤƤޤ*1</p>
<p>Implementation-defined ȤΤˤϡϤΤΤΤΤۤˡCPU ϣӤˤäƷޤʬޤޤƤޤѥξ硢CPU ϣӤȼ¹ԻȤǰۤʤ⤢ޤ</p>
<p>ʲιܤϥץץ˴ؤ implementation-defined ʬˤĤơϤΥɥȤ˵ܤ뤫ɤåΤǤץץǤ顢CPU ϣӤϤΤΤǤd.1.* ϥץץͭλͤǤꡢd.2.* ϥѥΤλͤȤطΤΤǤ#if ǤμɾϡѥΤȤϻͤۤʤäƤ⤫ޤʤȤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p>ʲιܤΤۤˤ⡢#if ɾˤ implementation-defined ¦̤ĤޤޤʸåȤǤʴʸåȤ ASCII EBCDIC ˡޤ encodingʣ͡ˤ⤽Ǥˡ̾λѴˤäĤʤѴ줿̤⤽ǤϤޥȣϣӤǷޤΤǤΤǤΥɥȤꡢϤΥɥȤˤϵܤϤʤƤ⤫ޤʤȹͤޤäơǤϤɾоݤȤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 3 Definitions of Terms Ѹڤӵ
C99 3 Terms, definitions, and symbols
</pre>
<h4>d.1.1. Header-name ۤˡ</h4>
<p>Header-name ȤΤü pp-token Ǥ
<, > ޤ ", " ǰϤޤ줿 sequence ɤä header-name ȤĤ pp-token ˷礹Τ implementation-defined ȤʤäƤޤ ", " ǰϤޤ줿ΤʸƥȤ pp-token ȤưФΤǴñʤΤǤ<, > ǰϤޤ줿ΤϤüäƤޤ<stdio.h> translation phase 3 <, stdio, ., h, > ȤĤ pp-token ˤäʬ줿ǡphase 4 ǣĤ pp-token ˹뤳Ȥˤʤ뤫ǤʬޥǽƤϡ̯꤬ޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2ʤλͤϤΥɥȤ˵ܤƤ 2 ܤƤʤ 0 <br>
ʤheader-name ʸʸζ̵̤ͭե̾ε§ implementation-defined Ǥ뤬ϣϣӤǷޤ뤳ȤʤΤǡϤΥɥȤˤɬܤɬפϤʤȹͤ롣</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion
</pre>
<h4>d.1.2. #include ǥإåˡ</h4>
<p>#include Ԥ header-name Ф줿塢 header file ɤäƤΤ implementation-defined Ǥ", " ǰϤޤ줿 header-name ξϡޤ implementation-defined ˡǥե뤬졢Ĥʤä <, > ǰϤޤ줿 header-name Ʊͤ˥뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤȤθԤޤ implementation-defined ʤΤǤΤʤǤ Standard C ϣӤˤĤ֤ȤǤʤᡢɽˤʤ餶ʤΤǤ<br>
ǥ쥯ȥ깽¤äϣӤǤϡԤϥȥǥ쥯ȥ꤫ХѥԤϽϤδΥǥ쥯ȥȲޤԤǤ include Υե뤫ХѥϤ⤢ޤImplementation-defined Ǥ뤫ˤϡְ㤤ȤϸޤˤĤ Rationale ϡȥǥ쥯ȥ꤫ХѥǥͤѰΰտޤǤϤ뤬ϣӤˤĤ֤ȤǤʤΤʸǤʤäƤޤ*1<br>
ޤԤΥϥݡȤʤƤɤ", " ǰϤޤ줿 header-name <, > ȤޤäƱ˰äƤɤˤȤƤޤԤɬեǤʤƤ褤ȤƤޤϤȤ߹ߤ header ⤢ꤦȤȤǤ*2</p>
<p> : 4ʤ header ܤɥȤ˽ʬ˵ܤƤ 4 Խʬʵܤʤ 2 ۤȤɵܤƤʤ 0 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 ANSI C Rationale 3.8.2 Source file inclusion
*2 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion
</pre>
<h4>d.1.3. #include ΥͥȤθ</h4>
<p>#include ΥͥȤɤǤ뤫 implementation-defined ǤʤȤ C90 Ǥϣ٥롢C99 Ǥ 15 ٥ݾڤʤФʤޤ*1, *2</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.4.1 Translation limits ³
C99 5.2.4.1 Translation limits
*2 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion
</pre>
<h4>d.1.4. Ƥ #pragma sub-directive</h4>
<p>#pragma Ȥ preprocessing directive Ͻϸͭγĥǽꤹ뤿ѰդƤ directive ǤץץˤƤ⡢ĥǽϤ٤ #pragma sub-directive ȤƼʤФʤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4νϤͭ #pragma sub-directive ˤĤơʥץץΥɥȤǤϾʤȤץץΤΤ٤Ƥ #pragma sub-directive ˤĤơ˥ɥȤ˽ʬʵܤ 4 Խʬʵܤʤ 2 ۤȤɵܤʤ 0 ޤ#pragma sub-directive ʳνϸͭ directive 2 ʤ0 ¡Standard C ˺Ǥᤤͤꤹ륪ץˤäƶػߤ directive ϴޤޤʤˡ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.6 Pragma directive ץ饰
C99 6.10.6 Pragma directive
</pre>
<h4>d.pragma. #pragma ǤΥޥŸ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ #pragma Ԥ pp-token ϥޥŸоݤȤʤޤǤC99 Ǥ #pragma STDC Ȥ token ³ΤϥޥŸоݤȤʤޤʳ #pragma sub-directive ޥŸ뤫ɤ implementation-defined Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4><a name="d.1.5">d.1.5. ޥ</a></h4>
<p><tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__LINE__</tt>, <tt>__DATE__</tt>, <tt>__TIME__</tt>, <tt>__STDC__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> C99 Ǥ <tt>__STDC_HOSTED__</tt> ˰ʳλޥ implementation-defined ǤϣĤ _ ʸ³̾ޤϣĤ _ ǻϤޤ̾ǤʤФʤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 4Խʬʵܤʤ 2 ¤ȿ̾λޥ 2 ʤ0 ¡Standard C ˺Ǥᤤͤꤹ륪ץˤäƶػߤޥɾоݤȤʤˡ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.8 Predefined macro names 餫줿ޥ̾
C99 6.10.8 Predefined macro names
</pre>
<h4>d.predef. C99 λޥ</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥϡ<tt>__STDC_IEC_559__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_ISO_10646__</tt> ȤޥˤäƻΤȤɲäƤޤ<br>
<tt>__STDC_IEC_559__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__</tt> IEC 60559 ưʤ˹פǤϤ줾 1 ȤƤޤΣĤư黻Υ饤֥ˤäƷޤΤǡºݤˤ <fenv.h> ΤŬ⤷ޤɬץץåǻɬפϤʤȹͤޤ</p>
<p><tt>__STDC_ISO_10646__</tt> wchar_t ʸͤ٤ ISO/IEC 10646Unicode Ϥ Universal Character Setˤβ餫Υɲ줿Ǥϡ ISO/IEC 10646 amendment corrigendum ޤʤǯɽ 199712L ȤäȤƤޤ <wchar.h> 뤳Ȥͤ졢ץץåǻɬפϤʤǤ<br>
ɤˤƤɥȤƤ뤳ȤɬפǤ</p>
<p> : 6ĤΤ줾ˤĤƳ 2 </p>
<h4>d.1.6. Phase 3 white-spaces ̤뤫</h4>
<p>Standard C Ǥ translation phase 3 tokenization Ԥޤλ <newline> ʳ white-space sequence one space ˰̤뤫ʤ implementation-defined ȤƤޤ*1<br>
̾ϥѥ̤ˤϱƶͿʤϤͤʤΤǡ桼ΤɬפϤʤΤǤƬȹ white-spaces ˤäƤϡƤ⤫ޤޤ</p>
<p>ǤϤε̵ѤȸȡĤ⤽櫓ǤϤʤɬפʾ礬Ĥޤ preprocessing directive Ԥ [VT], [FF] ǤˤĤƤ Standard C Ϥ狼ˤλƤޤǤ violation of constraint Ȥ¾ǤϾ嵭εߤƤΤǤʤphase 3 [VT], [FF] space, tab ȹ碌 one space ˰̤뤳ȤǤξ phase 4 ˤ [VT], [FF] ϻĤʤ̤ʤäϤ줬Ĥä violation of constraint ȤʤΤǤ<br>
ɥȤˤϡ [VT], [FF] ΰƤнʬȹͤޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե 3
C90 6.8 Preprocessing directive -- Constraints
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directive
</pre>
<h4>d.ucn. ʸ UCN \ Ťͤ뤫</h4>
<p>UCN ޤ pp-token # 黻Ҥˤäʸ硢UCN \ Ťͤ뤫ɤ implementation-defined Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C99 6.10.3.2 The # operator
</pre>
<h4>d.2.1. #if: Single-character character constant ɾ</h4>
<p>̤ʸͤɾ implementation-defined Ǥ
ˤϤĤμޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>ʸåȤϲ<br>
<li>¿Хʸ磻ʸ encoding ϲ<br>
<li>ΰϤɤ<br>
<li>ʣХȤʸɾΥХȥϤɤ<br>
</ol>
<p>Τ 1 ϥϡɥȣϣӤǷޤΤʤΤǡǤɾоݤȤޤ 2, 3, 4 Ǥ<br>
ХȤ single-character ʸǤ⡢ΰ implementation-defined ǤޤץץȥѥȤɾäƤƤɤȤˤʤäƤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2ɥȤ˵ܤ硢ޤϥѥեǤɾˤĤƤεܤ #if ǤƱɾ 2 ܤʤ 0 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.3.4 Character constants ʸ
C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.4.4.4 Character constants
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>d.2.2. #if: Multi-character character constant ɾ</h4>
<p>'ab' Ȥä multi-character ʸɾˤϡХȥ꤬ޤ implementation-defined Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2ɾλ d.2.1 Ʊ͡</p>
<h4>d.2.3. #if: Multi-byte character constant ɾ</h4>
<p>¿Хʸɾ encoding ΰ㤤ΤۤˡΰХȥΰ㤤ꡢϤ implementation-defined Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2ɾλ d.2.1 Ʊ͡</p>
<h4>d.2.4. #if: 磻ʸ character constant ɾ</h4>
<p>磻ʸɾˤ encoding ΰ㤤ΤۤˡΰХȥΰ㤤ꡢϤ implementation-defined Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2ɾλ d.2.1 Ʊ͡</p>
<h4>d.2.5. #if: αե</h4>
<p>̤αӥåȥեȤӥåȤɤ뤫 implementation-defined Ǥ CPU λͤˤޤϤμˡˤȻפޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2ɾλ d.2.1 Ʊ͡</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.3.7 Bitwise shift operators ӥåñ̤Υեȱ黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.5.7 Bitwise shift operators -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>d.2.6. #if: ν;</h4>
<p>̤˱դޤϺդޤǤΡȾ;η̤ implementation-defined Ǥ CPU λͤˤޤϤμˡˤȻפޤ*1, *2</p>
<p> : 2ɾλ d.2.1 Ʊ͡</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.3.5 Multiplicative operators 黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.5.5 Multiplicative operators -- Semantics
</pre>
<p>*2 C99 Ǥϡdiv(), ldiv() Ʊͤ˾ 0 ڤΤƤ뤳Ȥˤʤä</p>
<h4>d.2.7. ̻ҤͭĹ</h4>
<p>ޥ̾ޤ identifier Ƭ鲿ХȤޤǤͭդǤ뤫 implementation-defined Ǥޥ̾Ū̻ҤˤĤƤϡC90 Ǥ 31 ХȡC99 Ǥ 63 ХȤݾڤʤФʤޤ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.2 Identifiers ̻ -- Implementation limits ϸ³
C99 6.1.2 Identifiers -- General -- Implementation limits
</pre>
<h4>d.mbident. ̻ multi-byte character</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥϡidentifier multi-byte character Ȥ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ implementation-defined Ǥ*1</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C99 6.1.2 Identifiers -- General
</pre>
<br>
<h1><a name="4" href="#toc.4">4. ʤᤵƤʤ¦̤ɾ</a></h1>
<p>ʤϤФᤷƤʤȤǤäƤ⡢ϤΡʼפɾ뤿˽פʤȤޤξϤǤϡʼɾΥƥȤ⤷ޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.1" href="#toc.4.1">4.1. Multi-byte character encoding</a></h2>
<p>Multi-byte character ˤϳƼ encoding ޤλͤ implementation-defined ǤǤϽϤɤ¿ͤ encoding ˤɤޤбƤ뤫ΥƥȤʼפȤƤȤꤢޤ<br>
Validation Suite Ǥϡm_33, m_34, m_36 ˤĤƤϿ encoding бץѰդƤޤϤϤΥƥǤɸ encoding бƤʤФʤʤΤϤǤ¿б뤿ˤϡ¿ encoding бƤɬפޤ*1<br>
ƥȤˡϥƥϤˤäưۤʤꡢñǤϤޤ</p>
<p>GCC ϴĶѿ LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG бưѤ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤȾüǤƤˤǤޤޤGCC ǤεǽȤ뤫ɤ GCC Ȥѥ뤷 configuration ˤäưۤʤޤ<br>
GCC V.3.4 Ǥ multi-byte character νѤޤץץκǽˡtranslation phase 1 ˡ˥ե encoding UTF-8 ѴƤޤޤʤȡ#if ʸ UTF-8 ǤʤɾǤ encoding ȤϴطʤʤäƤޤޤ<br>
C++98 εʤˤƱ꤬ͤꡢtranslation phase 1 multi-byte character UCN ѴƤޤΤǡ#if ʸ UCN ȤƤǤʤɾǤʤȤˤʤޤ<br>
ʤȼΤ𤷤ȡ̤ #if ʸȤΤ portability ̵Ọ̵̇̄Ƨޤơ Validation Suite Ǥ V.1.5 #if multi-byte/wide character ʸΥƥȤɾоݤϤޤm.33, m.34, m.36.1ˡ</p>
<p>Visual C++ ˤ #pragma setlocale Ȥʥǥ쥯ƥ֤Τǡ줬ȤޤWindows ǤϡϰȸΥץפˤäƻѸѹǤ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤȾüǤäǤ#pragma setlocale Windows 餺˻ȤΤǡץޤˤȤäƤʤΤǤVisual C++ ȤɤޤƤ뤫̤Ǥ뤬ˡ<br>
ΥƥȤ¾νϤǤϺΤȤνϤǤΥǥեȤ encoding ˤбƤʤ褦Ǥ饤֥ setlocale() δؿĽϤ¿ޤϥΥץץ䥳ѥˤϴطޤɬפʤΤϡϼȤ encoding ǧǽϤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C99 Ǥϡ\u, \U ǻϤޤ Unicode sequence Ƴ졢multi-byte / wide character ȤδطƤ狼ˤʤäƤޤäƤ롣C++ Standard ǤϤʣǤ롣</p>
<h4>m.33. 磻ʸɾ</h4>
<p>磻ʸˤĤƤϡ<a href="#3.4.33">3.4.33</a> ȤƤ</p>
<p> : ʤ</p>
<h4><a name="m.34">m.34. #if multi-byte ʸɾ</a></h4>
<p>#if ǤʣХȤ multi-byte character constant¿ХʸˤȤޤʵʽǤ multi-byte character ȤѸ single-byte character ޤΤȤƻȤƤ뤬ǤϺ𤷤ʤ褦ˡsingle-byte ǤϤʤ multi-byte character ؤȤˤˡɾ single-byte character constant ʾ implementation-defined Ǥ</p>
<p> : ʤΥƥȤϸҤ <a href="#u.1.7">u.1.7</a> ΥƥȤȹ碌ȽǤɬפ롣
ñʸͤɾǤǤϡ encoding ǧƤ뤳ȤˤϤʤʤu.1.7 multi-byte character encoding ǧϰϤ˼ޤäƤ뤫ɤΥƥȤǤ롣m.34. ʸͤɾǡ u.1.7 ŬڤʿǥåФƽƤ encoding ǧƤȸ롣</p>
<h4>m.36.1. Multi-byte character 0x5c escape ʸǤϤʤ</h4>
<p>(Multi-byte | wide) character encoding shift-JIS, Big-5, ISO-2022-* ξϡʸ '\\' Ʊ 0x5c ͤĥХȤФƤ뤳Ȥ뤿ᡢ鷺路꤬ޤϤϤ escape ʸȤƤ \ (backslash) ȲᤷƤϤޤĤ (multi-byte / wide) character ϣĤʸǤꡢĤ single-byte character ǤϤʤǤ<br>
Multi-byte character ͤ 0x5c ΥХȤäƤ⡢ escape sequence λϤޤȲᤷƤϤޤ</p>
<p> : ʤ</p>
<h4>m.36.2. # 黻Ҥ multi-byte character \ ʤ</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥ operand б 0x5c ͤΥХȤ multi-byte character ޤޤƤƤ⡢ \ ƤϤޤäȤ⡢ѥΤ multi-byte character бƤʤ˥ץץå \ 뤳ȤбȤˡޤϤޤ̤μΤȤǤ<br>
ޤ⤽⤳μ multi-byte character ޤʸʸƥ tokenization ˤ⡢¾ΥƥȤϰäݤ꤬ޤ<br>
ISO-2022-* encode 줿 multi-byte character ˤ '\\' ФǤʤ '\'', '"' ȰפͤΥХȤޤޤΤǡøʽ tokenization ˼Ԥޤ</p>
<p> : 7Shift-JIS, Big-5 encoding ˤĤƳ 2 ISO-2022-JP ˤĤƤϣĤΥץˤĤƳ 1 <br>
ʤιܤ m_36_*.t Ǥʤ m_36_*.c ƥȤɬפ롣ʸǤץץåassert() ޥ 0x5c ΥХȤĴޤʣʸƥȤƱꤹ뤳Ȥ˼Ԥ뤳Ȥ뤫Ǥ롣m_36_*.c ʸƥ tokenization ΥƥȤˤʤäƤ롣<br>
GCC 3.4-4.1 encoding UTF-8 ѴƤޤ encoding ᤹ȤؼȼԤ뤳Ȥ¿Ѵ;פʤäǤ뤬ǤϤޤǤϥƥȤʤ0x5c ΥХȤйʤȤʴŤƥȤǤˡ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.2" href="#toc.4.2">4.2. Undefined behavior</a></h2>
<p>Standard C ˤ undefined behavior Ȥ꤬ޤUndefined behavior Τϡְäץޤϥǡ뤤ϾʤȤܿΤʤץǤviolation of syntax rule or constraint ȤϰäơϤϤФƿǥåФȤ̳դƤޤϡϤϤɤƤ⤫ޤʤΤǤץȤƲ餫 reasonable ʽƤɤǥåФƥ顼ˤƤɤǥåФ˽ߤ˽ꤷƤʰȿǤϤޤ</p>
<p>ϤΡʼפɾˤϡundefined behavior ŪˤɤΤǤ뤫ˤʤޤϤϲ餫οǥåФΤŬǤ礦顼ˤΤǤФΤȡץȤưǤ⥦˥ФȤץ˰ܿʤȤΤ餻뤿ͭѤǤ˽ΤǤ</p>
<p>ʲΥƥȤǤϡundefined behavior ФƽϤŬڤʿǥåФɤåޤǥåϥ顼Ǥ⥦˥Ǥ⤫ޤޤ˥ξϲ餫 reasonable ʽɬפޤ<br>
u.1.* ϥץץͭǡu.2.* ̤˶̤Ǥ</p>
<p> : ŬڤʿǥåФСʲγƹܤΤäǤΤʤܤˤĤƤ 1 ʿǥåǤǥåФʤ 0 </p>
<h4>u.1.1. ե뤬 <newline> ǽäƤʤ</h4>
<p>ǤʤեκǸ夬 <newline> ǤʤΤϡundefined behavior ޤʤäȤ⡢ϣӤˤäƤϥե˲ʸȤǡ¸ߤեɤ߹˽ϤˤäƼưŪղäΤǤˡ*1<br>
u.1.1, u.1.2, u.1.3, u.1.4 Ϥ⥽ե뤬뤷ƤʤΤǤtranslation unit ΥեǽäƤϡǥåФϤ¿ȻפޤϤǤ⡢Υե뤬 include 줿ΤǤ硢include ΥեϢ³ƽ뤳ȤǡʥȤưǽޤ undefined behavior ΰǤꡢְäǤϤޤϤǥåФΤŬǤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>u.1.2. ե뤬 <backslash><newline> ǽ</h4>
<p>ե뤬 <backslash><newline> sequence ǽäƤΤϡundefined behavior ޤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>u.1.3. ե뤬ȤǽäƤ</h4>
<p>ե뤬ȤǽäƤΤϡundefined behavior ޤϼºݤˤϥȤĤ˺ޤϥȤΥͥȤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
</pre>
<h4>u.1.4. ե뤬ޥƤӽФǽäƤ</h4>
<p>ե뤬뤷ʤޥƤӽФǽäƤΤϡundefined ȹͤޤ*1<br>
ϥޥΰĤ륫å˺줿ʤɤȯΤǡǥåϽפǤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement Ⱥִ
C99 6.10.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement
</pre>
<h4>u.1.5. ѤǤʤȤ character </h4>
<p>ʸƥ롢ʸheader-nameȰʳΤȤ˽ʸϤ¤ƤޤʸȾʸ alphabetε桢 white space characters ǤǤΤȤǤ*1<br>
Ǥϡwhite space ʳΥȥ륳ɤäΥƥȤޤȥ륳ɤϤȤʸƥǤäƤȹͤޤϥѥΤǥåϤǤꡢޤ̤ʸåȤˤ locale-specific ʤ implementation-defined ̤¿ϰϤɬΤǤϤʤΤǡǤϥƥȤޤޤ嵭ʳξǤ undefined ȹͤޤƱͤͳǥƥȤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.1 Character sets ʸ
C99 5.2.1 Character sets
</pre>
C99 Ǥ UCN ɲä줿
</p>
</blockquote>
<h4><a name="u.1.6">u.1.6. ȥ [VT][FF] </a></h4>
<p>White space characters ǤäƤ⡢# ǻϤޤ preprocessing directive ԤǤ [SPACE][TAB] ʳ violation of constraint Ȥʤޤ translation phase 4 Ǥäǡ phase 3 Ǥ <newline> ʳ sequence of white spaces ȤȤ one space ˰̤뤳ȤǤξ violation ȯޤ*1<br>
ϤǤϤꤳˤϿǥåФΤŬǤ礦ΥƥȤ undefined behavior ΥƥȤǤϤޤ¾ʬषüʤΤʤΤǡص夳Ƥޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.1.1.2 Translation phases ե
C99 5.1.1.2 Translation phases
C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Constraints
C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Constraints
</pre>
<h4><a name="u.1.7">u.1.7. Ѥ multi-byte character sequence</a></h4>
<p>ʸƥ롢ʸheader-nameȤǤäƤ⡢multi-byte character Ȥǧʤ sequence undefined ǤMulti-byte character ХȤμΥХȤХȤȤƻȤʤΤǤǤ*1</p>
<p> : 9γ encoding Τ UTF-8 ʳΤΤˤĤƳ 1 UTF-8 ˤĤƤ 3
UTF-8 ˤĤƤϣĤΥƥȤ뤬ܤ encoding ǤȤΣĤ illegal encoding Ǥ롣
Ĥ illegal encoding ΤοǤǤȤ롣
encoding ˸ʿǤΤ 0
ʤ<a href="#m.34">m.34</a> ȤΤȡ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.1.2 Multibyte characters ¿Хʸ
C99 5.2.1.2 Multibyte characters
</pre>
<h4>u.1.8. ԤʸǽäƤ</h4>
<p>ʸȤ pp-token ϤԤǴ뤷ƤʤФʤޤб ' ʤ ' undefined Ǥ*1<br>
#error ԤˤǤդΥåȤǤޤȤƤ pp-token ¤ӤˤʤäƤʤȤʤΤǡñȤ apostrophe ϤޤΥץǤϡȤΤĤΤȤʸν ' 뤿˿ƤޤǤ礦</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1 Lexical elements -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.4 Lexical elements -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.9. ԤʸƥǽäƤ</h4>
<p>ʸƥ⤽ԤǴ뤷ƤʤФʤޤ
ñȤ " undefined Ǥ*1<br>
ĤƤ UNIX Ϥ¿νϤǤϡԤޤʸƥȤΤǧƤ褦ǤޤˤƤˤ˸ޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1 Lexical elements -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.4 Lexical elements -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.10. Ԥ header name ǽäƤ</h4>
<p>#include ԤǴ뤷ʤ header-name undefined Ǥ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.11. Header name ', ", /*, \ </h4>
<p>Header-name Ȥ pp-token ', /*, \ undefined Ǥ<, > ǰϤޤ header-name " ƱͤǤʸƥη header-name Ǥϡᤫ " pp-token νˤʤäƤޤΤǡ顼ˡ*1<br>
\ ʳϤ⡢ʸʸƥ롢Ȥʶ路ɤˤǤ뤫Ǥ</p>
<p>ޤ\ escape sequence ʶ路header-name ˤ escape sequence ¸ߤʤΤΡ줬 header-name Ȥ狼Τ translation phase 3 Ǥ tokenization ä phase 4 ˤʤäƤǤΤǡϤϤ϶̤˺ΤǤEscape sequence Τ phase 6 Ǥphase 3 Ǥ \" ʸƥνǤϤʤ escape sequence Ȳ᤹뤿 escape sequence ǧ뤳ȤɬפǤ</p>
<p>\ Windows ΣϣӤǤ path-delimiter ǡΣϣӾνϤʸȤưޤʸƥη header-name ǤκǸʸ \ Ǥ̤ȤơˡUndefined behavior ⤿餹Τ¿ξϴְäץǤˤȤ櫓ǤϤޤ/ ǤȤ虜虜 \ ȽΤϡportability ξǴޤϤϥ˥ФȤ˾ޤޤ¾ΣϣӤǤϥեץ褦Ȥƥ顼ˤʤǤ礦顢ɬץץ tokenization ǿǤɬפϤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.7 Header names إå̾ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.4.7 Header names -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.12. #include ΰ header name Ǥʤ</h4>
<p>#include Ԥΰ header-name ǤʤΤ undefined ǤʤʸƥηǤʤ<, > ˰Ϥޤ줿ΤǤʤΤɤ餫ŸޥǤʤǤ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.13. #include ΰ;פʥȡ</h4>
<p>#include Ԥΰ header-name ĤǤ
ʳ;פ pp-token undefined Ǥ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.2 Source file inclusion ե -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.2 Source file inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.14. #line ΰ˹ֹ椬ʤ</h4>
<p>#line ΰ˹ֹ椬ʤΤ undefined Ǥʥե̾ optionalֹǤʤФʤʤˡ*1</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 ʲu.1.18 ޤǤŵϤƱ</p>
<pre>
C90 6.8.4 Line control -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.4 Line control -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.15. #line Υե̾ʸƥǤʤ</h4>
<p>#line Ǥե̾ʸƥǤʤФʤޤ<br>
줬磻ʸǤä violation of constraint ǡ¾ #line δְ㤤Ϥ٤ undefined ȤΤϡХ礤Ǥ</p>
<h4>u.1.16. #line ΰ;פʥȡ</h4>
<p>#line ԤˣİʾΰΤ undefined Ǥ</p>
<h4>u.1.17. #line ιֹΰ [1, 32767] ϰϤˤʤ</h4>
<p>C90 Ǥϡ#line ιֹ [1, 32767] ϰϤˤʤФʤޤʳǤ undefined Ǥ<br>
ΥץǤϡ#line ǤλϤϰϤˤΤΡθǥιֹ椬ĶƤޤäȤΥƥȤ⤷ƤޤϤˤäƤϡǹֹ椬ۤä wrap round ꤷޤϤꥦ˥ФΤŬǤ礦</p>
<p> : 2ĤΥץΤĤޤϣĿǤǤ 1 </p>
<h4>u.line C99: #line ιֹΰϰϳ</h4>
<p>C99 ǤϡϰϤ [1, 2147483647] Ǥ</p>
<p> : 2
ĤΥץΤĤޤϣĿǤǤ 1 </p>
<h4>u.1.18. #line ιֹΰʿǤʤ</h4>
<p>#line ιֹϣʿǤʤФʤޤʿʤɤ undefined Ǥ</p>
<h4><a name="u.1.19">u.1.19. #if defined Ÿޥ</a></h4>
<p>defined 黻ҤǤʤ identifier ʶ路Ƥ뤳ȤϡޤޤޤTranslation phase 3 ǤϤä identifier Ȥ tokenize 졢phase 4 Ǥ줬 #if ˤä˸¤äƱ黻ҤȤǧΤǡ#define Ԥ defined Ÿޥ뤳Ȥ⡢ꤨʤȤǤϤޤơ#if Ԥ˼ºݤˤΥޥ줿ϡundefined ǤŸ̤黻ҤȤưݾڤϤޤ*1</p>
<p>defined Ȥ̾Υޥ뤳ȤϤ켫Τ undefined Ǥ<a href="#u.1.21">u.1.21</a> ȡˡºݤˤϸݤޤִꥹ defined ȤȡΤޥϡ˸ݤޤϤˤäƤϡˤĤüʽƹˡŪʤΤȤưΤ⤢ޤŪʻͤǤϤޤ</p>
<p> : 2ĤΥץΤĤǤǤ 1 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.1 Conditional inclusion դ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.1 Conditional inclusion -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.20. #undef ΰ defined, __LINE__, etc. Ǥ</h4>
<p>#undef ΰ defined, <tt>__LINE__</tt>, <tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__DATE__</tt>, <tt>__TIME__</tt>, <tt>__STDC__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> Ǥ undefined Ǥ*1, *2, *3</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.8 Predefined macro names 餫줿ޥ̾
C99 6.10.8 Predefined macro names
*2 Amendment 1 / 3.3 Version macro
</pre>
<p>*3 C99 Ǥϡ<tt>__STDC_HOSTED__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_ISO_10646__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX</tt> ɲä줿</p>
<h4><a name="u.1.21">u.1.21. #define Υޥ̾ defined, __LINE__, etc.</a></h4>
<p>#define ޥ̾ defined, <tt>__LINE__</tt>, <tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__DATE__</tt>, <tt>__TIME__</tt>, <tt>__STDC__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_VERSION__</tt> Ǥ undefined Ǥ*1, *2, *3</p>
<p> : 2ĤΥץΤĿǤǤ 1 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.8 Predefined macro names 餫줿ޥ̾
*2 Amendment 1 / 3.3 Version macro
</pre>
<p>*3 C99 Ǥϡ<tt>__STDC_HOSTED__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_ISO_10646__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559__</tt>, <tt>__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX</tt> ɲä줿</p>
<h4>u.1.22. ## 黻Ҥˤä pp-token 줿</h4>
<p>## 黻Ҥˤä pp-token Ϣ뤵줿̤ͭʡñΡpp-token ˤʤʤФʤޤǤʤ undefined Ǥ*1<br>
ΥץǤ pp-number Ȥ Standard C ǿꤵ줿 pp-token ˤƤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.3 The ## operator ##黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3.3 The ## operator -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.concat. C99: ## 黻Ҥˤä pp-token 줿</h4>
<p>// C99, C++ ǤϥȥޡǤ pp-token ǤϤޤ## 黻ҤˤäƤ sequence 褦ȤƤ⡢η̤ undefined Ǥ<br>
⤽⥳Ȥϥޥ줿Ÿ줿ꤹ a space ѴƤΤǡޥˤäƥȤ뤳ȤϤǤޤ</p>
<h4>u.1.23. # 黻Ҥˤä pp-token 줿</h4>
<p># 黻Ҥˤִη̤ͭʡñΡʸƥˤʤʤФʤޤʤʤä undefined Ǥ*1<br>
Ϥäȯ뤳ȤΤʤǤΥץǤ狼褦ˡ\ ƥγˤȤ̯ʾΡΤޤüʾ˸¤ޤΥץ⡢ץץǿǤʤƤ⥳ѥեǿǤǤ礦ǽʬǤϤꡢۤä̤ƤޤäꤹΤϤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.2 The # operator #黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3.2 The # operator -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>u.1.24. ޥƤӽФ˶ΰ</h4>
<p>ؿͥޥθƤӽФ˶ΰΤ C90 Ǥ undefined Ǥ*1<br>
ΰĤΥȡȲᤷ reasonable ʥޥŸԤȤϡC99 ǹˡȤʤä褦˽ʬǽǰ̣Τ뤳ȤǤ*2<br>
undefined ʵ˽ϤͭյͿ뤳ȤΤǤ룱ĤǤϤǤäƤ⡢ʤȤ pre-C99 ǤϤˤϰܿʤΤǡ˥ФΤŬǤ礦</p>
<p> : 2ĤΥץΤĤޤϣĿǤǤ 1 </p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Semantics ̣§
*2 C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4><a name="u.1.25">u.1.25. ޥƤӽФ˥ȥΰ</a></h4>
<p>ؿͥޥθƤӽФʣԤˤޤ뤳ȤǤޤ
äơ preprocessing directive ʶ路Ԥޤޤ뤳Ȥꤨޤη̤ undefined Ǥ*1<br>
ְפϡåפ #if group ˤ pre-processing directive ԤȲᤵǤ礦</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3 Macro replacement ޥִ -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3 Macro replacement -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4><a name="u.1.26">u.1.26. Function-like ޥ̾ǽޥŸ</a></h4>
<p>C90 ǤϡޥŸη̤ function-like ޥ̾ǽΤ undefined ȤƤޤɲä줿Ǥ̣ʤΤǤ<a href="#2.7.6">2.7.6</a> ȤƤ*1<br>
Validation Suite Ǥ V.1.2 ޤǤϤƥȤ˴ޤƤޤV.1.3 ޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 ISO/IEC 9899:1990 / Corrigendum 1<br>
C99 ǤϤεϺ졢ʣʵ꤬ɲäƤ롣</p>
<h4><a name="u.1.27">u.1.27. ̵ʥǥ쥯ƥ</a></h4>
<p>Ԥκǽ pp-token # Ǥθˤ pp-token ϡ̾ # μ preprocessing directive ǤʤФʤޤ# ιԤϤʤǧƤޤ*1<br>
Ƭ # ̵ʥǥ쥯ƥ֤䤽¾ pp-token ³Ȥϡץץ violation of syntax or constraint ǤϤޤʤʤ顢<a href="#u.1.25">u.1.25</a> Ǥ狼褦ˡ# ǻϤޤԤ٤ƥץץǥ쥯ƥֹԤǤʤФʤʤ櫓ǤϤʤǤɤ줬ץץǥ쥯ƥֹԤǤΤϡʸ̮ˤäƷޤΤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>ʽϤ undefined ȤƤޤֵꤵƤʤפȤ̣Ǥ undefined ΰǤϤϲ餫οǥåФȤ˾ޤޤɬץץǤɬפϤޤץץιԤΤޤϤСѥեǥ顼ˤʤϤǤ顢Ǥ⤫ޤޤץץ #ifdefined #if defined Ȳᤷƥ顼ˤʤ餺ޤʤɤȤȤʤСϤޤ<br>
C99 Ǥ # non-directive Ȥ̣ʤΤɲäޤƤϲꤵƤ餺¾ undefined Ǥȸޤ*2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax ʸ§
*2 C99 6.10 Preprocessing directives -- Syntax
</pre>
<h4>u.1.28. directive ̾˥ޥϻȤʤ</h4>
<p># ǻϤޤԤץץǥ쥯ƥ֤Ǥ뤿ˤϡ pp-token ȤƤ directive ̾ޤDirective ̾Ϸ褷ƥޥŸޤ<br>
# μ directive ̾ǤϤʤ identifier ơ줬ޥ̾Ǥäϡ¸ߤʤǥ쥯ƥ֤ȿǤ뤫̾ΥƥȤȤߤʤƥޥŸƽϤ뤫ΡĤνꤨޤԤǤⲿ餫οǤ˾ޤޤԤǤϥѥեǥ顼ˤʤϤǤ顢Ǥ⤫ޤޤޥŸΤˡץץץǥ쥯ƥ֤Ȥƽ뤳ȤϡäƤϺޤ</p>
<h4>u.2.1. #if ̤ character escape sequence </h4>
<p>ʸƥޤʸ character escape sequence \', \", \?, \\, \a, \b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v ꤵƤޤʳ \ ǻϤޤ character sequence undefined ǤȤ \ ˾ʸ³ sequence ϡ escape sequence ɲä뤿ͽƤޤ*1<br>
οǤ¿ϥѥեˤޤФߤޤ#if ʸˤ줬äϡץץʳ˿ǤԤϤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.1.3.4 Character constants ʸ -- Description
C99 6.4.4.4 Character constants -- Description
C90 6.9.2 Character escape sequences ʸĥɽ
C99 6.11.4 Character escape sequences
</pre>
<p>C99 Ǥ \uxxxx, \Uxxxxxxxx η UCN (universal-character-name) Ȥ escape sequence ɲä줿</p>
<h4>u.2.2. #if ˥եȥȤʥӥåȥեȱ黻</h4>
<p>Υӥåȥեȱ黻Ǥϡ operandʥեȥȡˤͤǤä꺸 operand ηΥӥåȿʾǤäꤷ undefined Ǥ*1<br>
#if Ԥˤ줬äϥץץǤ٤Ǥ礦</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.3.7 Bitwise shift operators ӥåñ̤Υեȱ黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.5.7 Bitwise shift operators -- Semantics
</pre>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.3" href="#toc.4.3">4.3. Unspecified behavior</a></h2>
<p>Standard C ˤ unspecified ȤʡֵꤷʤפȤˤ⤢ޤϡץǤäƤ⡢νˡϵꤷʤϤϽˡɥȤ˽ɬפʤȤΤǤ<br>
Ϥޤ¿ϤޤǤ⡢ˡˤäƷ̤˰㤤ФΤϡüʾǤüǤäƤ⡢̤˰㤤νФ붲ΤΤФƤϥ˥ФΤ˾ޤȻפޤ<br>
Unspecified ư˰¸ץη̤ undefined Ǥ</p>
<p>ץץǤ unspecified ǡ⤽νˤäƷ̤äƤΤϡΣǤΣĤΥƥȤǤϤ줾졢 pp-token ƿǥåФ뤫ȤܿʤȤ˥Ф뤫ɤǤ 2 Ϳ뤳ȤˤޤޤԤξϡޥǤŸǤɤǤɤȤˤޤ<br>
ʤΤۤ #if Ǥα黻ɾ unspecified Ǥ#if ϤˤäƷ̤Ѥ뤳ȤϤʤΤǡƥȤ˴ޤƤޤ</p>
<h4>s.1.1. # 黻Ҥ ## 黻ҤɾϻꤵƤʤ</h4>
<p>ĤΥޥ # 黻Ҥ ## 黻Ҥä硢Τɤ餬ɾ뤫ϵꤵƤޤ*1<br>
Υץ # ## Τɤ餬ɾ뤫Ƿ̤äƤǤ⡢## ɾ # ϱ黻ҤǤϤʤñʤ pp-token Ȥư졢Ϣη̤ pp-token ƤޤޤޥˤϰܿʤΤǡϤϥ˥ФΤŬǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.2 The # operator #黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3.2 The # operator -- Semantics
</pre>
<h4>s.1.2. ʣ ## 黻ҤɾϻꤵƤʤ</h4>
<p>ĤΥޥʣ ## 黻Ҥ硢ɾϵꤵƤޤ*1<br>
ΥץǤϡɾˤäƤ pp-token ޤޥˤϰܿʤΤǡϤϥ˥ФΤŬǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 6.8.3.3 The ## operator ##黻 -- Semantics ̣§
C99 6.10.3.3 The ## operator -- Semantics
</pre>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.4" href="#toc.4.4">4.4. ˥˾ޤ¾Υ</a></h2>
<p>Undefined, unspecified Τۤˤ⡢Ϥ˥ФȤ˾ޤĤޤ˽ޤ</p>
<p>w.1.*, w.2.* ϵʤǤϤޤäץǤºݤˤϲ餫δְ㤤Ǥ礬¿ǤפʤΤǤw.1.* ϥץץ˸ͭǡw.2.* ϥѥեǤα黻Ȥⶦ̤ #if ǤǤ</p>
<p>w.3.* translation limits Ȥ implementation-defined ¦̤ĵ˴ϢΤǤʤݾڤƤǾ¤ͤĶ translation limits 뤳ȤϡϤʼ夲뤳ȤǤȤޤ¾ǡ˰¸ץϰܿ¤ƤޤȤȯޤäơǾ¤ͤĶ translation limits ƤϤǤϡΤȤѤץФƥ˥ФΤ˾ޤȹͤޤ<br>
ʲΥƥȤǤϡŬڤʿǥåФйʤȤޤw.3.* ϽϤ translation limits ʤκǾͤȰפƤơΤᤳΥץ뤬顼Ȥʤ뤳ȤƤ뤳ȤˤޤǾͤʤ˥顼ȤʤΤԹʤǤƤ뤫ɤ n.37.* Ǥ狼ˡ</p>
<h4>w.1.1. /* </h4>
<p>ȤͥȤƤꥳȥޡʤäꤹ륽ΥԥߥϤ褯ޤΤ/* /* */ */ ȤȤΥͥȡ */ */ Ȥ sequence ϣøˤϤʤΤǡѥեɬ顼ˤʤޤ*/ æƤϼΥȤνޤǤȤȲᤵΤǡ顼ˤʤʤȤޤϴʴְ㤤Ǥꡢץץ˥ФȤǤѥեDz餫Υ顼ˤʤäǤ⡢λˤϸϤ狼ʤʤäƤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>w.1.2. ޥκ³Υȡ</h4>
<p>ޥκִꥹȤθΥȡޤ礬ΤϡK&R 1st. ǤϰۤλͤǤꡢStandard C ǤϸǧλͤǤλ֤ΤϿҾʥޥǤϤޤȤִꥹȤ¾ function-like ޥƤӽФȾʬΤϡư۾ʥޥǤºݤˤϥޥδְ㤤Ǥǽ礭˥ФȤ˾ޤޤObject-like ޥ function-like ޥ̾ŸΤϼºݤˤޤreadability ΰǤ</p>
<p>ˤĤƤϵʤΤ꤬ۤޤִꥹǴ뤷ʤϥ顼violation of constraintˤȤ٤ǤȻפޤ<a href="#2.7.6">2.7.6</a> ȡˡ</p>
<p> : 4ĤΥץΤĤǤǤ 2 </p>
<h4>w.2.1. #if ̾λѴ̵Ѵ</h4>
<p>դ̵Ȥκ黻˺ݤƤϡ̾λѴפԤ졢դ̵ѴޤդǤäͤѤޤǤäϤ줬礭Ѵޤϥ顼ǤϤޤ۾ʤΤǤꡢδְ㤤ǤǽޤϤ˥ФȤ˾ޤޤץץǤϤθݤ #if ˸ޤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>w.2.2. #if ʤ黻 wrap round</h4>
<p>̵黻η̤ϰϳȤʤä wrap round 뤳ȤˤʤäƤΤǡ顼ˤϤʤޤְ㤤βǽΤǥ˥ФΤ˾ޤǤ礦</p>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.1. 31 ĤĶޥѥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.2. 31 ĤĶޥ</h4>
<p>w.3.? Ϥ C90 translation limits ˴ؤƥȤǤ
ƤϼΤȤǡפʤǤ礦n.37.* ٤ƤߤƤ</p>
<p> : 13.1., 3.2 ϣĤΤɤ餫ǤФࡣ</p>
<h4>w.3.3. 31 ХȤĶĹ identifier</h4>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.4. 8 ٥Ķ #if (#ifdef, #ifndef) Υͥ</h4>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.5. 8 ٥Ķ #include Υͥ</h4>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.6. #if 32 ٥ĶΥͥ</h4>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.7. 509 ХȤĶĹʸƥ</h4>
<p> : 1ϥץץåǤʤƤ⡢ѥΤǤɤȤޤ</p>
<h4>w.3.8. 509 ХȤĶĹ</h4>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.3.9. 1024 ĤĶޥ</h4>
<p> n.37.9 ƱΤˤʤäƤޤTranslation limits εǤϡ줬Ǥ⤪ޤʤΤʤΤǤ1024 ĤΥޥȤ߹ߥޥ뤫ɤɸإåޥ뤫ɤǡäƤޤΥץǥƥȤޥϥإåեǤ 1024 ܤǤwarns.t, warns.c ˤϤƤޥĤΤǡΥޥϤɤˤƤ 1024 ܤĶ뤳ȤˤʤޤϤŬʤȤǥ˥ФȤԤޤ</p>
<p> : 1</p>
<h4>w.tlimit. C99 translation limits</h4>
<p>C99 Ǥ translation limits ˳礵ޤ
ĶͤĽϤǤ⡢portability ΤˤϵĶ륽ФƤϥ˥ФȤ˾ޤޤ</p>
<p> : 8ƹܤˤĤơ1 ġ3.1, 3.2 Ϥɤ餫ǤǤФࡣ3.7 ϥѥΤǤʤ顢Ǥġ<br>
ƥѥץ test-l ǥ쥯ȥˤ롣ʤl_37_8.c ϥץץϤǤƤ⥳ѥϤǤʤǤ롣</p>
<h4>w.3.1.L. 127 ĤĶޥѥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.2.L. 127 ĤĶޥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.3.L. 63 ХȤĶĹ identifier</h4>
<h4>w.3.4.L. 63 ٥Ķ #if (#ifdef, #ifndef) Υͥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.5.L. 15 ٥Ķ #include Υͥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.6.L. #if 63 ٥ĶΥͥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.7.L. 4095 ХȤĶĹʸƥ</h4>
<h4>w.3.8.L. 4095 ХȤۤĹ</h4>
<h4>w.3.9.L. 4095 ĤĶޥ</h4>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.5" href="#toc.4.5">4.5. ¾γƼʼ</a></h2>
<p>ʲˤϡϤλȤ䤹ʼ˴ؤƤޤq.1.1 ʳϥץץǥƥȤ뤳ȤΤǤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>q.1.* ư˴ؤΤǤ<br>
q.2.* ϥץĥǽ˴ؤΤǤ<br>
q.3.* ϲƯ륷ƥ䥷ƥǤθΨ˴ؤΤǤ<br>
q.4.* ϥɥȤ˴ؤΤǤ</p>
<p>ˤϡʤŪɾˤ餶ʤΤ⤢ޤ
ޤҴŪɾǤΤΡμ٤ǤʤΤ⤢ޤ<a href="#6.2">6.2</a> ͤˡŬ˺Ƥ</p>
<h3><a name="4.5.1" href="#toc.4.5.1">4.5.1. ư˴ؤʼ</a></h3>
<h4>q.1.1. translation limits</h4>
<p>Translation limits ˤĤƤϡʤǤϺ¤λͤ䤫˵ꤵƤޤºݤνϤϤͤäƤ뤳Ȥ˾ޤޤȤˡ#if Υͥȥ٥롢#include Υͥȥ٥ˤĤƤϡC90 㤹ȹͤޤ<br>
C99 Ǥ translation limits ˰夲Ƥޤޤidentifier ĹˤĤƤϡ255 Х̤¤ƤΤ obsolescent featureѻͽεˤȤƤޤ<br>
q.* ιܤǤϤƥѥץ뤬ѰդƤޤtest-l ǥ쥯ȥˤ l_37_?.t, l_37_?.c ǡ줾켡Τ褦 translation limits ƥȤޤ C99 ΤΤ˾äƤޤʤC++ Standard Υɥ饤ȤƤ translation limits ͤϲäƤˡ</p>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr><th>37.1L</th><td>ޥΥѥο</td><td>255</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.2L</th><td>ޥƤӽФΰο </td><td>255</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.3L</th><td>identifier Ĺ </td><td>255 bytes</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.4L</th><td>#if Υͥȥ٥ </td><td>255</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.5L</th><td>#include Υͥȥ٥ </td><td>127</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.6L</th><td>#if Υͥȥ٥ </td><td>255</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.7L</th><td>ʸƥĹ </td><td>8191 bytes</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.8L</th><td>ԤĹ </td><td>16383 bytes</td></tr>
<tr><th>37.9L</th><td>ޥο </td><td>8191</td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p>l_37_8.c ϥѥ뤷Ƥ¹ԥץˤϤʤޤץץǤз̤Ф狼ޤѥ뤹 cc -c l_37_8.c Ȥƥ֥ȥեäƤץץСѥΤɤĹιԤ뤳ȤǤ뤫狼ޤ</p>
<p> : 9ΥץˤĤƳ 1 ѥΤΥƥȤϴޤޤʤ</p>
<h4>q.1.2. ǥåŪΤ</h4>
<p>ǥåФ뤳ȤϽФΤΡ狼ˤäꡢޤꡢθĽ꤬狼ʤäꤹΤ⤢ޤοǥåϾܤФ뤬̤μοǤϥԥȤƤȤ⤢ޤǥåñ "syntax error" ʤɤȤΤǤϤʤʤְ㤤ǤΤƤ餤ΤǤĽϹԤơΥȡŦƤ餤ΤǤ<br>
ޤ#if section бطΥ顼Ǥϡб٤ԤƤʤȡɤ˥顼θΤ狼ޤ<br>
ƱΥ顼ФƤĤοǥåʣƽФΤϡޤޤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>q.1.3. ֹɽΤ</h4>
<p>ץץåѥΤϤֹ椬ƤޤΤϺޤ
Ͽǥå˸ΤǤصΩܤˤƤޤκϡޤǤΥץץΥƥȤǹֹ椬Τɽ줿ɤǹԤޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>q.1.4. ˽</h4>
<p> : 20 Validation Suite Τɤ줫Υץ˽ꡢǤ٤ǤʤǤϤˤϡΤ褦˸롣˽פȤΤϡ^C ǤʤʤäꡢꥻåȤʤʤäꡢե륷ƥĤꤹΤǡǡפȤΤϡﳲϤʤΤΡǽλƤޤΤؤ</p>
<ol>
<li>n_std.cstrictly conforming programˤ˽ 0 <br>
<li>n_std.c ǽǤ 10 ǤĽθʬ˥ƥȤ˽顢˽פʬˡ<br>
<li>ʳΤɤ줫Υץ˽ 10 <br>
</ol>
<h3><a name="4.5.2" href="#toc.4.5.2">4.5.2. ץȳĥǽ</a></h3>
<h4>q.2.1. Include directory λ</h4>
<p>ɸإåե֤뤤 include directory ϺǤñʾϣĽ˸ꤵƤޤʣ¸ߤ⤷ФФꡢ桼ꤷʤФʤʤ⤢ޤޤ桼٥ΥإåեˤĤƤϡȥǥ쥯ȥˤꤢޤ̤Υǥ쥯ȥˤäơ줬̤Υإåե include ϡϤˤäƥǥ쥯ȥ뵬§ۤʤޤɤˤƤ⡢include directory ϥץĶѿˤäƥ桼Ū˻ꤹ뤳ȤǤʤؤǤ-I ץȤϤ¿ˡޤʣΥǥ쥯ȥ˥ϡƥǴΥǥ쥯ȥץʤؤǤ뵬§ΤΤѹ륪ץˤ⡢¸ͳޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>q.2.2. ޥץ</h4>
<p>֥ͥޥǤʤѥǤ륪ץϡͭѤʤΤǤ-D ץȤϤ¿ˡˤäơƱΥäͤΥ֥Ȥäꡢäƥǥѥ뤷ꤹ뤳ȤǤޤִꥹȤά 1 ϤȣĤΥȡϤȤꡢȤϥɥȤΤʤФʤޤ<br>
Ĥޥ⥪ץǤǤϤ⤢ޤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>q.2.3. ޥäץ</h4>
<p>ϸͭȤ߹ߥޥäץ⡢äۤɤǤ礦Τ褦ʼबޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>-U
ȤäץǣĤΥޥäΡ<br>
<li>ϸͭȤ߹ߥޥ礷̵ˤ륪ץ
<br>
<li>Standard C ǶػߤƤȤ߹ߥޥ_ ǻϤޤʤ unix ˤ礷̵ˤ륪ץ<br>
</ol>
<p> : 2 1 ޤ 2 Υץ 2 3 <a href=#d.1.5>d.1.5</a> ǤǤɾƤΤǡǤоݤȤʤ</p>
<h4>q.2.4. Trigraphs ץ</h4>
<p>Trigraphs ɬפʴĶǤϾѤΤǤ礦¿δĶǤɬפʤΤǤۤȤɻȤޤϥѥΥץͭˤ̵ˤǤۤɤǤ</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>q.2.5. Digraphs ץ</h4>
<p>Digraphs trigraphs ƱͤˡѥΥץͭˤ̵ˤǤۤɤǤ礦</p>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>q.2.6. ˥ꥪץ</h4>
<p>Violation of syntax rule or constraint ǤϤʤΤФ륦˥ϡʤ٤¿Ū˽ФƤ줿ۤΩޤˤäƤϤ뤵Ȥ⤢ޤ˥Υ٥ꤹ륪ץޤϼऴȤ˥˥ͭˤ̵ˤꤹ륪ץϡߤΤǤ</p>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>q.2.7. ¾Υץ</h4>
<p>ץץˤϤΤۤˤͭѤʥץĤꤨޤ
䤿˥ץ¿ΤѻǤʤȲλؤʤΤ⤢ޤŪ褯ΤϡֹϤʤץ-P ¿ˤǡϣøʳŪ˻ȤΤȻפޤȤ˽ϤΤ⤢ޤϣӤΥޥɥץåˤäƤϡǥåΥ쥯ȤϤΤۤǼ¸ɬפΤ⤢ޤޤץץΩץǤϤʤ룱ѥѥǤϡץץνϤꤹ륪ץߤȤǤ<br>
C90 (C95), C99, C++ ̤륪ץɬפʤΤǤ C99 C++ θߴ夲C++ Υץץ C99 ΤΤ˶Ť˥ץͭѤǤ礦<br>
Makefile 뤿Ρեΰ¸طҹԤϤ륪ץäƤץץå⤢ޤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>q.2.8. #pragma ˤĥ</h4>
<p>Standard C Ǥϡϸͭ directive Ϥ٤ #pragma sub-directive ȤƼ¸뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤץץϤƤ #pragma ΤޤޥѥϤޤ #pragma ϼʬȤޤץץ #pragma ¿Ϥޤ</p>
<p>#pragma once ȽƤإåեϲ #include Ƥ٤ɤޤʤȤΤޤ¿ include 뤿Ǥʤ®٤夲뤿ͭʤΤǤ#pragma once Ȥ鷺ˡإåեΤ㤨</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#ifndef __STDIO_H
#define __STDIO_H
...
#endif
</pre>
<p>ȤäǤޤƤȡưŪˤϥʤ褦ˤϤ⤢ޤ</p>
<p><b>mcpp</b> ˤϥإåե "pre-preprocess" ơ¿ΥإåեܤˤޤȤƤޤȤȤΤǤ #pragma directive ⤢ޤʤ#include ǼޤإåäץץƽϤ˸줿 #define directive ޤȤƽϤɲäȤǽǤΥѥǤϤ include ޤ pre-preprocess إåեϡȤ #if ʤʤΤǥʤꡢޥƤӽФʤʤޤե⣱ĤǤߤޤ̤Ȥƥץץ®ʤޤ<br>
إå pre-compile ȤǽĽϤ⤢ޤϼȤ C++ ǵʥإåե뤿˹ͤ줿ΤΤ褦Ǥpre-compiled header ΥΥإåեιפ礭ʤ뷹ꡢʤȤ C Ǥ®ٸθ̤Ϥޤʤ褦ǤPre-compiled header Ƥ compiler-proper ͤ˰¸Ƥơ桼ˤϸʤ black box ˤʤȤ⡢Ǥ<br>
ɤˤƤ⡢ʾϤ٤ƥץץ®뤿ΤΤǡʳΰ̣ϤޤäơεǽϤǤɾ<a href="#q.3.1">q.3.1</a> ɾ뤳Ȥˤޤ</p>
<p>Multi-byte character encoding ꤹ #pragma ĽϤ⤢ޤץץå䥳ѥ˥ʸ encoding ˡȤƤϡʤΤǤ</p>
<p><b>mcpp</b> ϥץץȥ졼ǥХåϤ #pragma äƤޤ̾ΥǥХåǤϥץץΥǥХåϤǤʤΤǡϥץץåǤǤʤפʵǽǤεǽϥץǻꤹ #pragma ȤۤǥХåĽǤΤǻȤ䤹ʤޤ</p>
<p>顼䥦˥ΥȥλΤ褦ˡ̾ϥѥץǻꤹ뤳Ȥ #pragma ǼƤϤ⤢ޤ#pragma Standard C νϤǤ portability ꤬ʤȤȡξꤷƻǤȤĹ꤬ޤѹϥؤ뤳ȤˤʤȤû⤢ޤʤ顢ѥץǤƤ餤ΤǤ</p>
<p>ʳ #pragma ǥץץǽΤϡޤꤢޤ<br>
Ȥǡ#pragma sub-directive implementation-defined Ǥ뤿Ʊ̾ sub-directive Ϥˤäưۤʤ̣Ķ줬ޤ̾ξͤ빩פ˾ޤޤGCC 3 Ǥ #pragma GCC poison Ȥդ GCC Ȥ̾ǻϤޤޤɤˡǤ<b>mcpp</b> V.2.5 Ϥޤͤ #pragma MCPP debug Ȥդ MCPP Ȥ̾ǻϤޤ褦ˤޤ</p>
<p> : 10</p>
<h4>q.2.9. ĥǽ</h4>
<p>ĥǽ #pragma Ǽ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤȤ̤˥ץץοͤƤȤ #pragma ǤϤʤǥ쥯ƥ֤⤢ޤ</p>
<p>Linux ΥƥإåǤ GCC #include_next ȤƤޤϥƥإå̵ѤʣƤ뤳ȤˤΤǡȤǤϤޤGCC / cpp ˤϤΤۤˤ #warning, #assert εʳΥǥ쥯ƥ֤ޤ⤢ޤɬδʤΤǤ</p>
<p>GCC / cc1 Ǥɸ⡼ɤưΤۤ traditional ⡼ɤλͤΥץޤ<b>mcpp</b> ˤ¿ͤưͤΥץޤߤˤϤʤΰ̣ޤ</p>
<p> : 6</p>
<h3><a name="4.5.3" href="#toc.4.5.3">4.5.3. ¹ԸΨ</a></h3>
<h4><a name="q.3.1">q.3.1. ®</a></h4>
<p>ΤȿǤŪΤȤϺǤפʤΤǤ®٤®ˤȤϤޤ<br>
®ٸΤ #pragma 䥪ץươ̤ȤƤɤ®٤ˤʤ뤫ޤ</p>
<p> : 20ϤϤ˥ԡΡ⤷ʤץ®٤ 20 ȤŪˤɤ٤ˤäդ롣Ūʼ٤ <a href="#6.2">6.2</a> ͡Ū®٤Ϥϡɥˤäư㤦ΤǡƱ٤ΥϡɥȤӤ롣ޤƱץƤ⡢ɤ߹ޤϤɸإå̤ˤäƽ֤äƤ롣<b>mcpp</b> ȤӤΤɤ<br>
֤¬ˤϡUNIX ϤǤ time ޥɤȤbash, tcsh ǤȤ߹ߥޥɤǤ)Windows ǤϡCygWIN Ȥʤ顢Ϥ bash time ޥɤ롣ޤWindowsNT Ρ֥åȡפ TimeThis ȤƱͤΥޥɤ (*1)餬ȤʤĶǤϡtool/clock_of.c ѥ뤷ƻȤʤʤΤǤ뤬ˡ<br>
ǶΥϡɥǤϥץץʤɰ֤ǽäƤޤȤ¿Τǡʤʤ֤¬뤳ȤǤʤ
Windows Ǥ Windows.h include ԹŤΤǡ줬Ȥ롣
UNIX ϤǤ glibc ΥʤɤŤǻȤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 WindowsNT ΥåȤΥץˤ WindowsXP ǤϻȤΤȻȤʤΤȤ뤬TimeThis ϻȤ褦Ǥ롣</p>
<h4>q.3.2. </h4>
<p>̤Ͼʤ˱ۤȤϤޤȤ˥ƥͿ̤˸¤ϡڼ¤Ȥʤޤ</p>
<p>ץץϥѥΰǤΤǡºݤˤϽΤΥ̤ȤʤޤץץΩץץåˤäƹԤϡ̾ϥѥΤΤۤΤǡץץåΥ̤ϤޤˤʤʤǤ礦ޥ¿ʤɡץץåΤۤ뤳Ȥ⤢ޤ̤ˤϥץ礭ФǤϤʤǡꥢλ̤ޤޤޤ</p>
<p> : 20
¬ΤϤϤʤʤŬˡʤ
UNIX ϤǤ glibc firefox Τ褦礭ʥ make ʤ top Ω夲Ƥ cc1 mcpp Υ̤Ϥ狼롣
Windows Ǥϥޥ͡Ω夲ơWindows.h include Ȥ狼롣</p>
<h4><a name="q.3.3">q.3.3. ܿ</a></h4>
<p>ץץåΤΤΥΰܿϡϤδ¸Υץץåȼؤ褦Ȥ䡢ʬȤץǡȤꥫޥꤷ褦ȤˡȤʤޤΤ褦ɾоݤȤʤǤ礦</p>
<ol>
<li>Ƥ뤫ʸƤʤ 0 ˡ<br>
<li>¿νϡϣӤбƤ뤫<br>
<li>ܿǤϡϣӤϰϤϤɤɤ郎Ƥ뤫<br>
<li>ܿ䤹<br>
<li>ܿΤΥɥȤƤ뤫<br>
</ol>
<p> : 20䤬ɤΤϣȾ餤ˤʤ
įǤ롣äơκϤƤäݤǤ롣</p>
<h3><a name="4.5.4" href="#toc.4.5.4">4.5.4. ɥȤʼ</a></h3>
<h4>q.4.1. ɥȤʼ</h4>
<p>d.* Ǥ Standard C ΡֽפˤĤƤΥɥȤ뤫ʤޤǤϥɥȤΤ¾ʼɾޤ<br>
ɥȤȤƤϽΤۤˡ¡ΤΤɬפǤ礦</p>
<ol>
<li>Standard C ȤΰƱ<br>
<li>ץλ͡<br>
<li>ǥåΰ̣<br>
</ol>
ΤۤStandard C ʬޤץץΤλͤβ⤢С˱ۤȤϤޤ<br>
ˤĤơΤɤߤ䤹ɾоݤȤʤǤ礦ܿΤΥɥȤ <a href="#q.3.3">q.3.3</a> ɾ˴ޤޤ<br>
<p> : 10</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="4.6" href="#toc.4.6">4.6. C++ Υץץ</a></h2>
<p>ýϤ C++ ϤȤä뤳Ȥ¿ʤäƤޤξϥץץåϣä C++ ȤƱΤȤƤ褦ǤΤξԤΥץץϤۤȤƱʤΤǡ虜虜̤ΥץץåѰդɬפϤʤǤ礦ξԤϤޤäƱǤϤޤ</p>
<p>C++ Standard C90 ٤ȡC++ Υץץ C90 Υץץ˼λͤդäΤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>Basic source character set ˴ޤޤʤ character ϡtranslation phase 1 \Uxxxxxxxx η Unicode Σ sequence Ѵ롣ơ translation phase 5 Ǽ¹ԻʸåȤ˺Ѵ롣*1<br>
<li>// ޤǤȤȤ롣*2<br>
<li>::, .*, ->* 줾죱Ĥ pp-token Ȥư*3<br>
<li>#if Ǥ true, false boolean literal Ȥơ줾 1, 0 ɾ롣*4<br>
<li>ISO C : Amendment 1 (1995) Ǥɸإå <iso646.h> ǥޥȤ 11 identifier operator ϡ٤ƥޥǤϤʤ token Ǥ̵̣ʻ͡ˡ(*3) Ʊͤˡnew, delete operator Ǥ롣*5<br>
<li>ޥ <tt>__cplusplus</tt> 199711L pre-define Ƥ롣*6<br>
<li><tt>__STDC__</tt> 뤫ɤȤФɤ뤫 implementation-defined Ǥʵդ C99 Ǥ <tt>__cplusplus</tt> undefined Ǥˡ*6<br>
<li>Translation limits ϼΤ褦˳礵Ƥ롣ϥɥ饤ǤꡢǤϤʤϤ translation limits ɥȤʤФʤʤ*7<br>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr><th>ԤĹ </th><td>65536 Х</td></tr>
<tr><th>ʸƥ롢ʸheader name Ĺ</th><td>65536 Х</td></tr>
<tr><th>Identifier Ĺ </th><td>1024 ʸ</td></tr>
<tr><th>#include Υͥ </th><td>256 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>#if, #ifdef, #ifndef Υͥ </th><td>256 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>#if ΥåΥͥ </th><td>256 ٥</td></tr>
<tr><th>ޥΥѥο </th><td>256 </td></tr>
<tr><th>Ǥޥο </th><td>65536 </td></tr>
</table>
</blockquote>
<li>Header name '.' Ĺˡʵʤˤ¤Ϥʤʤä*8<br>
</ol>
<p>C99 ǤϤΤƱͤˤʤäƤޤ¾ϰۤʤޤޤC99 ǤϤˡư p+, P+ Ȥ sequenceidentifier multi-byte character ȤθǧѰޥιˡ #pragma ԤΰΥޥŸġ_Pragma() operator#if long long ʾǤɾܤ wide-character-string-literal character-string-literal wide-character-string-literal ȤƤϢääơ㤬ȯƤޤUCN C99 Ǥ translation phase 5 εˤʤޤUCN ˴ؤ constraint ⾯㤷ƤޤTranslation limits C99 Ǥ C90 ˳礵줿ΤΡC++ Standard ۤɶüǤϤʤǤ㤤ФƤƤޤ</p>
<p>ۤ礭ʰ㤤ǤϤʤȤޤǤ⤳㤦ȡäC++ ƱץץǤޤ櫓ˤϤޤäˤĤƤ⡢C90 (C95) C99 ȤƱΥץץǴ֤˹碌뤳ȤϤǤޤ</p>
<p>ʤC++ <tt>__STDC__</tt> ƤΤϴְ㤤ΤȤǤꡢޤȤǤϤޤ<br>
<tt>__cplusplus</tt> ˤĤƤϡ -D ץϤ⤢ޤǤϥ桼ޥΣĤˤʤäƤޤΤǡŬڤǤ<br>
::, .*, ->* Ĥ token ȤưɤϡץץǤϤۤȤˤʤʤȤǤ˱ۤȤϤޤ</p>
<p>ȤǡC90 (C95), C99, C++ δ֤ǥץץå̤ˤ뤿ˤϡ¹ԻץǻԤ̤˱ƾ嵭νѤȤΤޤȤʼȻפޤ</p>
<p>ʤ<b>mcpp</b> ǤϾ嵭λͤΤΣϡѤ٤Ƽô礭뤿ᡢбƤޤѾϤǤۤȤʤȻפޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>Translation phase 1 Ǥ UCN ؤѴϼƤʤC++ Standard Ǥϡɬ UCN ѴʤƤ⡢Ʊ̤ˤʤʤɤȤƤ롣ѾϤȤ⤫̩ˤϡѴ˾Ʊ̤ˤʤϤϤʤΤǤ롣#if Ǥ UCN multi-byte-character ȤʸӤͤФ狼롣# 黻ҤˤʸǤ⸷̩˸С꤬롣*9<br>
<li>ޥκѥ 255 ĤޤǤǤʤ<br>
</ol>
<p>ʲˡC90 Υץץղä C++ ȼΥץץؤŬΥƥȤޤ<br>
Translation limits ˤĤƤ test-l ǥ쥯ȥˤΰʾΥץѰդƤޤC++ Ǥ translation limits ϥɥ饤ˤʤȤȤ⤢ꡢǤɾоݤȤޤޤheader name Ĺ OS ʤΤǡƥȤоݤȤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C++ 2.1 Phases of translation
*2 C++ 2.7 Comments
*3 C++ 2.12 Operators and punctuators
*4 C++ 2.13.5 Boolean literals
</pre>
<p>ʤC99 Ǥ <stdbool.h> bool, true, false, __bool_true_false_are_defined ޥȤƤ줾 _Bool, 1, 0, 1 뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롣</p>
<pre>
*5 C++ 2.5 Alternative tokens
*6 C++ 16.8 Predefined macro names
*7 C++ Annex B Implementation quantities
*8 C++ 16.2 Source file inclusion
</pre>
<p>C90 6.8.2 Ǥϡheader name '.' 麸ˤϣʸޤǤݾڤƤʤäC99 6.10.2 ǤϣʸǤ롣C++ ǤϤ¤Ƥ롣</p>
<p>*9 C99 Ǥϡ# 黻Ҥˤä UCN ʸ줿硢\ Ťͤ뤫ɤ implementation-defined Ǥ롣C++ ˤϤεϤʤ<br>
Ťͤϡ UCN ϤϤ multi-byte character ʤΤǡŤͤʤۤɤǤ롣C++ εǤϡŤͤʤΤϡְִäˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<h4>4.5.n.ucn1. UCN ǧ</h4>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>4.5.n.cnvucn. Multi-byte character UCN ؤѴ</h4>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>4.5.n.dslcom. // </h4>
<p> : 4</p>
<h4>4.5.n.bool. true, false boolean literal</h4>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>4.5.n.token1. ::, .*, ->* ϥȡ</h4>
<p> : 2ƥȤ츫褦Ǥ⡢äǽƤƱ褦ˡΥ˥Ф˥ȡϢ뤬פƤޤΤǤϡԲġ</p>
<h4>4.5.n.token2. Operator إȡ</h4>
<p> : 2</p>
<h4>4.5.n.cplus. ޥ __cplusplus</h4>
<p> : 4<tt>__cplusplus</tt> < 199711L ξ 2 </p>
<h4>4.5.e.operat. identifier-like operator ϥޥ̾˻Ȥʤ</h4>
<p> : 2ĤȤ⥦˥οǥåФ 2 </p>
<h4>4.5.u.cplus. #define, #undef __cplusplus</h4>
<p> : 1˥οǥåФ 1 </p>
<h4>4.5.d.tlimit. Translation limits Υɥ</h4>
<p> : 2</p>
<br>
<h1><a name="5" href="#toc.5">5. åץץμ</a></h1>
<p>åץץåεʽ٤ʼȤ̤ˡºݤ˥ץץåȤ˽вդʲ˼夲Ƥߤޤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="5.1" href="#toc.5.1">5.1. ɸإåե</a></h2>
<p> Validation Suite ΥץǤϡĤɸإå include ƤޤΥإåƤʤȡץץåΤΤΥƥȤΤˤǤޤ<br>
ʲˡɸإåμ䤹ȤƤޤ</p>
<h3><a name="5.1.1" href="#toc.5.1.1">5.1.1. Ū</a></h3>
<p>ɸإåϵꤵƤؿ䷿ޥ٤ƴޤǤʤФʤʤΤϤǤ˼Τ褦ʾʤФʤʤȤˤʤäƤޤ</p>
<ol>
<li>ꤵƤ餺ͽƤ⤤ʤ identifier ꤷƤϤʤǤϰϤɸإåˤäƷޤäƤʣɸإåǽʣ롢뤤϶̤ϰϤ⤢ˡ*1<br>
<li>äơĤɸإå̤ɸإå include Τ̾Ϥʤ<br>
<li>ʣɸإåɤΤ褦ʽ include Ƥ⡢Ʊ̤ˤʤʤФʤʤ*2<br>
<li>Ʊɸإåʣ include Ƥ⡢<assert.h> ʳƱ̤ˤʤʤФʤʤ*2<br>
<li>Ÿ object-like ޥȤƵꤵƤΤϤ٤ #if ǤʤФʤʤ*3<br>
</ol>
<p>ͽ identifier ϰϤϵꤵƤꡢʳ identifier ϥ桼˲ƤʤФʤޤ'_' ĤޤϣĤǻϤޤ̾Ϥ٤Ʋ餫λѤΤͽƤΤǡϤɸإåǻȤȤǤޤʵդ˥桼 '_' ĤޤϣĤǻϤޤ̾ƤϤʤˡ<br>
ϾʵǤʳŪ̾Ϥ٤ '_' ǻϤޤΤѹʤ Standard C ǤϻȤʤȤȤˤʤޤStandard C Υ饤֥ɸإåενȯȤʤä POSIX Ǥ⡢Standard C εʳ̾</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE
...
#endif
</pre>
<p>ǰϤळȤˤƤޤʤȤ⤳ʬȤϽϤ Standard C ǤϤʤʤäƤޤޤ</p>
<p>⡢㤨 open(), creat(), close(), read(), write(), lseek() δؿ̾ɸإåˤϸƤʤƤ⡢fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fgets(), fgetc(), fwrite(), fputs(), fputc(), fseek(), etc. δؿ open(), etc. ȤäƼƤСŪ˥桼֤̾뤳Ȥˤʤޤäơɽ open(), etc. <tt>_POSIX_SOURCE</tt> ʬ <unistd.h> ̥إåˤꤷƤ⡢̣ޤ<br>
֥ƥॳؿפ '_' ǻϤޤ̾ѹ뤫Ȥ¾ɬܤΤΤ Standard C ˼뤫ɤ餫Ԥ뤷ޤ</p>
<p>2 ϵƤ뤳ȤǤϤޤɸإå¾ɸإå include ȡ̾ϤɸإåǤʤ̤̾ˤʤΤǡ1 ˤҤäޤ<stddef.h> ɸإå include ꤹΤȿ§Ǥ뤿ˤ <sys/_defs.h> Ȥä̤̾ɸǤϤʤإåѰդơɸإå<stddef.h> Ȥˤ include 褦ˤɤΤǤơǻȤ̾Ϥ٤ '_' ǻϤޤΤˤ뤳ȤǤ*4, *5</p>
<p>3 ϼºݤȤʤ뤳ȤϤʤǤ礦</p>
<p>4
ϸŤϤǤΤäȤǤߤνϤǤϤۤȤбǤƤ褦Ǥ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#ifndef _STDIO_H
#define _STDIO_H
...
#endif
</pre>
<p>ȤäɸإåΤˡŪǤΤۤ#pragma once Ȥäĥ directive Ȥˡ⤢ޤ</p>
<p>5 ȤʤΤϡsizeof 䥭㥹ȤȤäޥɸإå˽ƤϤ뤳ȤǤStandard C Ǥϡ#if sizeof 䥭㥹ȤϻȤޤºݤɸإåΥޥ sizeof 䥭㥹ȤȤäƤϤǤϡ#if Ǥ sizeof 䥭㥹ȤȤ褦ǤBorland C 5.5ˡϳĥͤΤĤʤΤǤ礦</p>
<p>桼ʬΥץ #if Ԥ sizeof 䥭㥹ȤȤʤ¤ꡢportability ꤬ȯ뤳ȤϤʤ¾ȯ뤳ȤϼºݤˤϤޤʤǤ礦Υץץμ Standard C ΡֳĥפǤϤʤְæפȸ虜ޤʤʤ顢Standard C Ǥ #if Τ translation phase 4 Ǥꡢ phase Ǥ keyword ¸ߤʤΤǤKeyword phase 7 ǽǧޤPhase 4 Ǥ keyword Ʊ̾Ϥ٤ñʤ identifier Ȥư졢#if ԤǤϥޥȤƤʤ identifier Ϥ٤ 0 ɾΤǡsizeof (int) 0 (0) ȡ(int)0x8000 (0)0x8000 Ȥʤꡢviolation of syntax rule ȤʤޤФƽϤϿǥåФʤФʤޤǥåФʤΤϡStandard C ΡֳĥפǤϤʤְæפǤޤ⤽ phase 4 ǰ keyword ǧȤΤϡץץȤ̵ꡢcompile phase (translation phase 7) "pre"process phase ȤƤΰ̣𤵤ΤȤޤ*6</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 7.1.3 Reserved identifiers ͽѤ̻
C99 7.1.3 Reserved identifiers
</pre>
<pre>
*2 C90 7.1.2 Standard headers ɸإå
C99 7.1.2 Standard headers
</pre>
<pre>
*3 C90 7.1.7 Use of library functions 饤֥ؿλˡ
C99 7.1.4 Use of library functions
</pre>
<p>*4 ܤǤϤˡȤƤ롣
ܤϤȤ˽ϤμˤȤäơͤȤʤ¿</p>
<blockquote>
<p>P. J. Plauger "The Standard C Library", 1992, Prentice Hall</p>
</blockquote>
<p>*5 GNU glibc ΥƥǤϡɸإåȤˤä <stddef.h> ¾ɸإåʣɤ߹ޤ褦ˤʤäƤ뤬λΤͽ줿ϰϤ̾Τ褦Ǥ롣ϵʰȿȤϸʤɸإå readability »ʤƥʥˤΤǡɤˡǤϤʤ<sys/_defs.h> ȤäեȤۤɤ</p>
<p>*6 <a href="#2.3">2.3</a>, <a href="#3.4.14">3.4.14</a> ȡ
</p>
<h3><a name="5.1.2" href="#toc.5.1.2">5.1.2. <assert.h></a></h3>
<p>˸ġɸإåƤޤ
ĤνϤ°ɸإåȡǤ¿Τ <assert.h> <limits.h> Τ褦ǤΣĤϺǤñʥإåʤΤǤC90 ǿꤵ줿ΤǤ뤿ᤫְ㤨뤳Ȥ褦ǤΣĤˤĤƤϡȤˤ⾯ޤ</p>
<p>ޤ <assert.h> Ǥ*1, *2<br>
¾ɸإåȰäƤϡ include ƤƱȤ櫓ǤϤޤNDEBUG Ȥޥ桼뤫ʤˤäơinclude 뤿Ӥ˷̤ѤޤʤΥإåɬפ˱Ƥ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#undef NDEBUG
#include <assert.h>
assert( ...);
</pre>
<p>ȤȤΤǤơǥХåΤȤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define NDEBUG
#include <assert.h>
assert( ...);
</pre>
<p>ȤƤޤNDEBUG ƤСassert( ...); ˻ĤäƤƤ⡢ޥŸȾäƤޤޤ... ѤļǤäƤ⡢ɾʤΤǡѤȯʤȤաˡ</p>
<p>ȤǤ뤿ˤϡ<assert.h> </p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#ifndef _ASSERT_H
#define _ASSERT_H
...
#endif
</pre>
<p>ʤɤȤǤǤϤޤ
#pragma once ʤɤ⡢ƤϤޤ</p>
<p>ޤΤȤ狼褦ˡassert() ϥޥǤꡢNDEBUG ˤäƤѤޤ<assert.h> Ϥ #undef assert ȤǡNDEBUG ˱ assert ޥʤɬפޤ<br>
assert( expression) ȤƤӽФǤϡNDEBUG ƤʤСexpression Ǥв⤻ǤФλݤɸ२顼Ϥ𤷤ޤϡexpression Τޤ̤ɽʥޥäƤŸˡΥΥե̾ȹֹɽޤϥץץå # 黻Ҥ <tt>__FILE__</tt>, <tt>__LINE__</tt> ޥƤСñ˼¸Ǥޤ</p>
<p>ºݤˤϸŤϤǤϡ# 黻ҤƤʤäꡢ<assert.h> ְ㤨ƤΤޤ Validation Suite Υץˤ <assert.h> include ƤΤ¿ޤ<assert.h> ƤʤȥץץåȤΥƥȤΤˤǤޤ <assert.h> ϴñ˽Τǡ°ΤΤнľƤۤɤǤ礦ΤΤ C89 Rationale 4.2.1.1 㼨ƤΤǤǤ⡢# 黻ҤƤʤΤʷ̤ˤϤʤޤϥץץåʤΤǡޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#undef assert
#ifndef NDEBUG
# define assert( ignore) ((void) 0)
#else
extern void __gripe( char *_Expr, char *_File, int _Line);
# define assert( expr) \
((expr) ? (void)0 : __gripe( #expr, __FILE__, __LINE__))
#endif
</pre>
<p>__gripe() ȤؿϼΤ褦˽ޤʤ__gripe Ȥ̾ '_' ǻϤޤΤʤ鲿Ǥ褤ˡ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void __gripe( char *_Expr, char *_File, int _Line)
{
fprintf( stderr, "Assertion failed: %s, file %s, line %d\n",
_Expr, _File, _Line);
abort();
}
</pre>
<p>__gripe() δؿȤ鷺 fprintf() 뤤 fputs() abort() ľ <assert.h> ˽ƤϤ⸫ޤäƤǤʤȤǤϤޤΤˤϤδؿɬפǤFILE stderr ɬפǤ<stdio.h> include 櫓ˤϤʤΤǡʤäǤ̴ؿְۤ㤤ޤ<br>
ޤʤȤǤ٤ƤޥǼ¸ϡƤӽФΤӤʸƥ뤬ʣޤʣʸƥĤ˥ޡŬϤʤϡɥξǤǤϤޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> ǵǽ<assert.h>
C99 7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h>
</pre>
<p>*2 C99 Ǥϡassert() ޥɤδؿƤӽФ줿ɽ뤳ȤˤʤäӤΤˡ__func__ Ȥ̻ҤꤵƤ롣</p>
<h3><a name="5.1.3" href="#toc.5.1.3">5.1.3. <limits.h></a></h3>
<p>ɸإåϰɽޥƤΤǤΥޥνϡͤȹפƤ뤳ȤϤǤ˼ξƤɬפޤ*1</p>
<ol>
<li>#if directive ǻȤǤ뤳ȡ<br>
<li>б뷿Υ֥Ȥ integral promotion ̤ηƱμǤ뤳ȡ<br>
</ol>
<p>㥹ȤȤäƤϤޤ #if directive Ǥ sizeof 䥭㥹Ȥ Standard C ϰϤˤʤȤϡ<a href="#5.1">5.1</a> ޤ⤽⡢<limits.h> ꤵ줿̣ϡ㥹Ȥ sizeof Τ褦ʼ¹ԻĶ˴ؤȲץץåɬפʤ褦ˤ뤳Ȥˤޤ<br>
㤨С</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#if (int)0x8000 < 0
</pre>
<p>Ȥ
</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#if sizeof (int) < 4
</pre>
<p>ȤȤˡ
</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#include <limits.h>
#define VALMAX ...
#if INT_MAX < VALMAX
</pre>
<p>ȤΤǤ#if Ǥ <limits.h> ΥޥȤС㥹Ȥ sizeof ȤɬפϤʤϤǤ</p>
<p><limits.h> Υޥְ㤨ƤϡޤϤΥץץåλͤ餯ΤǤϤʤ<limits.h> ͤ嵭2. integral promotionĥˤ usual arithmetic conversion̾λѷѴˤε§ȡɾε§Τɤ줫ǰ뤳Ȥ鵯ΤΤ褦Ǥ</p>
<p>㤨СΤ褦ƤΤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define UCHAR_MAX 255U
</pre>
<p>unsigned char ͤϡ<tt>CHAR_BIT</tt> 8 ǤСˤ٤ int ϰϤˤޤΤǡunsigned char Υǡ֥Ȥͤ integral promotion ˤä int ˤʤޤä <tt>UCHAR_MAX</tt> int ȤɾΤǤʤФʤޤȤ255U Ǥ unsigned int ˤʤäƤޤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define UCHAR_MAX 255
</pre>
<p>ȤʤФʤʤΤǤ</p>
<p>ɤǤѾʤΤǤϤʤȻפ⤷ޤɬ⤽ǤϤޤ̵ηޤ黻ϡ̾λѴפƱդη̵ؤѴޤΤᡢ羮Ӥη̤äƤΤǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
assert( -255 < UCHAR_MAX);
</pre>
<p>ȤƤߤȡ狼Ǥ礦</p>
<p>δְ㤤ˤϡintegral promotion usual arithmetic conversion ε§ Standard C ǤϤޤǤ¿νϤǺѤƤΤѹ줿Ȥ𤬴طƤޤK&R 1st. ˤ unsigned char, unsigned short, unsigned long ȤϤޤǤθ塢¿νϤ˼褦ˤʤꡢƤνϤ¿Ǥϡ̵Ͼ̵Ѵ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤ<br>
Standard C integral promotion Ǥϡunsigned char, unsigned short Ϥ줾줹٤Ƥͤ int ϰϤˤޤ¤ int promote 졢Ǥʤ unsigned int promote ޤޤunsigned int long Ȥδ֤ usual arithmetic conversion Ǥϡunsigned int Τ٤Ƥͤ long ϰϤˤޤΤǤ long ˡǤʤ unsigned long Ѵޤ"unsigned preserving rules" "value preserving rules" ؤѹȸƤФΤǤΤۤľŪ˰ճʤȤΤεͳȤƤޤ<limits.h> Ǥϡε§դɬפǤ*2</p>
<p>ʲǤϤ٤ơshort ϣӥåȡlong ϣӥåȤȤޤ<tt>USHRT_MAX</tt> ͤ 65535 Ǥν int ӥåȤξȣӥåȤξȤǰäƤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define USHRT_MAX 65535U /* int ӥåȤξ */
#define USHRT_MAX 65535 /* int ӥåȤξ */
</pre>
<p>unsigned short int ӥåȤξ int ϰϤˤޤʤΤǡunsigned int promote ޤäơ<tt>USHRT_MAX</tt> unsigned int ȤɾΤǤʤФʤޤ65535 Ǥ long ȤɾƤޤޤ 'U' ɬפʤΤǤ¾ int ӥåȤξ unsigned short ͤϤ٤ int ˤޤΤǡint promote ޤä <tt>USHRT_MAX</tt> int ȤɾΤǤ뤳ȤɬפǤ'U' դƤϤޤȤ줬դˤʤäƤ㤬ޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define USHRT_MAX 0xFFFF
</pre>
<p>ʤ顢int ӥåȤǤ⣳ӥåȤǤɾޤStandard C ǤϡU, u, L, l ȤҤɤդʤʤޤϣʤȡϡint, unsigned int, long, unsigned long νǡǤͤɽǤ뷿ɾޤʤ0xFFFF int ӥåȤʤ unsigned int 65535int ӥåȤʤ int 65535 ɾΤǤФơҤդʤȡϡint, long, unsigned long νɾޤ65535 int ӥåȤʤ longint ӥåȤʤ int ɾ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ*3</p>
<p>C99 Ǥϡ long long / unsigned long long ɲäޤ0 1 ͤʤ _Bool Ȥɲäޤ¾η⥪ץǼǤ褦ˤʤޤInteger promotion Υ롼礵졢unsigned long ɽǤʤȡ long long / unsigned long long ɾ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ<br>
ޤǧ줿Τȼäơ羮ط狼ˤʤäᡢinteger conversion rankѴˤȤǰƳޤγǰϤʣǤѾϵˤɬפϤޤɸǤϥ羮طϼ̤Ǥ</p>
<p>long long > long > int > short > char > _Bool</p>
<p>ǡȤ long int Ȥ 32 ӥåȤȤ褦ʥƱǤäƤ⡢羮϶̤ȤȤݥȤǤ *4, *5</p>
<p>:</p>
<pre>
*1 C90 5.2.4.2.1 Sizes of integral types <limits.h> 礭<limits.h>
C99 5.2.4.2.1 Sizes of integer types <limits.h>
*2 C90 6.2.1 Arithmetic operands ѥڥ
C99 6.3.1 Arithmetic operands
*3 C90 6.1.3.2 Integer constants
C99 6.4.4.1 Integer constants
*4 C99 6.4.4.1 Integer constants
</pre>
<p>*5 C99 Ǥ integer types νϤˤۼ뤿 <stdint.h> <inttypes.h> ȤɸإåɲäƤ롣64 bits ƥоˤä integer types μबơбط狼ˤʤäƤᡢlong Ȥ short Ȥ̾ΤۤˤĤη̾ typedef 褦ȤΤǤ롣η̾ 26 ⤢ꡢб͡Ǿͤɽޥ 42 б fprintf() format specifier Ѵޥ 56 Ʊͤ fscanf() format specifier Ѵޥ 56 ˤ롣ϤôϤޤʤȤϸѻơɾδѤ褷Ƥ롣</p>
<h4>5.1.3.1. INT_MIN</h4>
<p><limits.h> ΥޥΤǺǤ⺮θΤɽĥƥǤ <tt>INT_MIN</tt> <tt>LONG_MIN</tt> ǤǤ int ӥåȤ long ӥåȤνϤǤ <tt>INT_MIN</tt> 嵭٤ƸƤޤǡäˤʬƼ夲Ƥߤޤ<br>
ξ硢int ϰϤ [-32768,32767] Ǥ뤳ȤϸޤǤ⤢ޤơ<tt>INT_MAX</tt> ˤĤƤϤɤνϤ 32767 뤤 0x7FFF ȤƤơꤢޤȤ<tt>INT_MIN</tt> Τ褦Ƥݤޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN (-32767)
</pre>
<p>ʤΤ褦ʼºݤȰ㤦ƤΤǤ礦<br>
¾ǡˤƤϤϸޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN (-32768)
</pre>
<p>-32768 -, 32768 ΣĤΥȡäƤޤơ32768 int ɽǤϰϤˤޤǡ long ɾޤäơ-32768 - (long) 32768 ΰ̣ˤʤäƤޤΤǤ<br>
ˤϡƤΤ⤢ޤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN ((int)0x8000)
</pre>
<p>㥹ȤȤäˤĤƤϡȤϷ֤ޤ0x8000 Ǥ (unsigned) 32768 ΰ̣ˤʤΤǡϤԲĤǤ</p>
<p>ǤϡɤС㥹ȤȤ鷺 (int) -32768 ɾΤǤ礦</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN (-32767-1)
</pre>
<p>ɤΤǤ32767 <tt>INT_MAX</tt> Ǥ 0x7FFF Ǥ⤫ޤޤˤϰȤ黻ޤޤƤޤꤢޤʤ⤽ñ - 黻ҤǤˡ*1, *2</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN (~INT_MAX)
#define INT_MIN (1<<15)
</pre>
<p>Ǥ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define INT_MIN (-32767)
</pre>
<p>ϱ黻Ȥۤ⤫Фʤäˡͤ뤳ȤΤȿ¬ޤ</p>
<p>Ǥϡ-32767 Ȥϴְ㤤Ǥ礦 Ȥ⡢ʤΤǤ礦<br>
Сϴְ㤤ȹͤޤ<br>
<tt>INT_MIN</tt> int κǾͤɽޥȵꤵƤޤ⤷ <tt>INT_MIN</tt> -32767 ȤȡϤạ̈ΤʤΤǤ礦 ơ<tt>INT_MIN</tt>-1 ϤäʤΤǤ礦 뤤 ~<tt>INT_MAX</tt> 1<<15 ϲǤ礦<br>
ξ <tt>INT_MIN</tt>-1 ˤĤƤϡư黻ΡפΤ褦ϰϳɽӥåȥѥȤͤ褦Ǥ</p>
<p>˴ؤ Standard C εȾȤ餷碌ȡβΩ;ϤޤޤˤĤƤΥӥåȱ黻η̤ϡop1 << op2 op1 >> op2 op2 ͤǤ뤫 op1 ηΥӥåȿʾǤ礬 undefined Ǥʳˤ undefined ʾϤʤ٤ΰդ֤ͤޤ~op op int ǤСη̤ int Ǥꡢop1 & op2, op1 | op2, op1 << op2, op1 >> op2 op1, op2 Ȥ int ǤСη̤ int Ǥäơ~<tt>INT_MAX</tt> 1<<15 ̤ int ʤΤǤ1<<15 overflow Ȼפ⤷ޤǤϤޤӥåȱ黻Ǥϥӥå̤Υӥåȥѥб֤ͤΤǡoverflow ȯ褦ʤΤǤ</p>
<p>äǤϰ̤α黻Ϥ褯Ƥơundefined ʬϤƾʤΤǤȤ˥ӥåȥѥͤȤδطϡͤɽ 0 ˣĤΥӥåȥѥʳϡ˰абƤޤ K&R 1st. Standard C ޤǰӤΤǤޤӥåȥѥΤΤɽˡϣäˤϤʤפɽ褦ˤ (-32767-1) ȽޤϸƤ̤ int ͤΤΤǤC89 Rationale ϤĤκơˤϡ̵פȤפɽӥåȥѥ¸ߤ;ϤΤʤȤ餫ˤƤޤ*3, *4</p>
<p>ȤǡɽǤ ~<tt>INT_MAX</tt> <tt>INT_MIN</tt> ͤǤꡢ礭 <tt>INT_MIN</tt> ϴְ㤤ȸ虜ޤ</p>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 䤬ƸΤϡP. J. Plauger "The Standard C Library" Ǥ롣ǶνϤˤϤή limits.h ¿ʤäƤ褦Ǥ롣</p>
<p>ܤ limits.h ˤְ㤤ΤǤ롣int ӥåȤ long ӥåȤνϤΤΤ褦ˤʤäƤ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define UINT_MAX 65535
#define USHRT_MAX 65535
</pre>
<p>Ǥ long ɾƤޤϤǤ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define UINT_MAX 65535U
#define USHRT_MAX 65535U
</pre>
<p>*2 ǶνϤǤ *_MIN (-*_MAX - 1) ȤŪˤʤꡢְ㤤ϾʤʤäƤ롣ޤ˴ְ㤤롣</p>
<p>Visual C++ 2003 Vc7/include/limits.h, Vc7/crt/src/include/limits.h ˤϼΤ褦ʤΤ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define LLONG_MIN 0x8000000000000000
</pre>
<p>0x8000000000000000 unsigned long long ɾ롣ηϺǹ̥ǤΤǡinteger promotion η̤ƱǤ롣ޥʥͤˤϷ褷Ƥʤʤäơ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#if LLONG_MAX > LLONG_MIN
</pre>
<p>ϴԤ̤ˤϤʤʤ</p>
<p>LCC-Win32 2003-08, 2006-03 include/limits.h <tt>LLONG_MIN</tt> ϤʤäƤ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define LLONG_MIN -9223372036854775808LL
</pre>
<p>9223372036854775808LL ϤΥȡͤǤ signed long long ϰϤ overflow Ƥ violation of constraint Ǥ롣</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define LLONG_MIN -9223372036854775808LLU
</pre>
<p>Ȥ 9223372036854775808LLU unsigned long long ˤʤ뤬̵ unary - 黻ܤƤ⡢̤ηѤʤΤǡunsigned long long ɽǤʤͤȤʤꡢundefined Ǥ롣</p>
<p>Visual C++ LCC-Win32 ¾ *_MIN Ϥ٤ (-*_MAX - 1) ȤʤäƤΤǤ뤬<tt>LLONG_MIN</tt> ְäƤΤϤɤȤǤ</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
#define LLONG_MIN (-LLONG_MAX - 1LL)
</pre>
<p>ȤвϤʤ</p>
<p>Visual C++ 2005 ǤϤϽ줿</p>
<pre>
*3 C89 Rationale 3.1.2.5 Types
C99 Rationale 6.2.6.2 Integer types
</pre>
<p>*4 C99 ǤϡΥӥåȥѥ㳰 "trap representation" ȤưȤ⡢Ϥ˵뤳ȤˤʤäƤ롣ºݤˤɤϤΤϡΤʤ</p>
<h3><a name="5.1.4" href="#toc.5.1.4">5.1.4. <iso646.h></a></h3>
<p>ISO C 9899:1990 / Amendment 1 Ǥϡiso646.h Ȥɸإåɲäޤ &, |, ~, ^, ! ޤ黻Ҥ ISO 646 invariant character set ɽ spelling ΤǤ|, ~, ^ trigraphs Ǥ spelling Ƥޤtrigraphs readability ˷礱Τǡiso646.h Ϥäƣα黻Ҥȡñ̤ǥޥƤޤ<br>
μϤƴñǡΤ褦ʤΤǽʬǤץץǥޥŸΤǡϤˤȤäƤⲿݤϤޤ*1</p>
<pre style="color:navy">
/* iso646.h ISO 9899:1990 / Amendment 1 */
#ifndef _ISO646_H
#define _ISO646_H
#define and &&
#define and_eq &=
#define bitand &
#define bitor |
#define compl ~
#define not !
#define not_eq !=
#define or ||
#define or_eq |=
#define xor ^
#define xor_eq ^=
#endif
</pre>
<p>:</p>
<p>*1 C++ Standard Ǥϡ identifier operator ϥޥǤϤʤ operater-token ȤƤ롣ϤˤȤäƤϤäʡ̵̣ʻͤǤ롣</p>
<br>
<h1><a name="6" href="#toc.6">6. ƼץץåΥƥȷ</a></h1>
<h2><a name="6.1" href="#toc.6.1">6.1. ƥȤץץå</a></h2>
<p>ƥȤϤȼ¹ˡϼ̤ǤϤϥ줿ν¤٤Ƥޤ<br>
¹Իץ C95 (C90), C99, C++98 Τ줾Ǿİۤʤޤ<br>
° <assert.h>, <limits.h> ꤬ϡľƤƥȤƤޤ</p>
<pre>
ֹ: OS / / ¹ԥץǿ
¹Իץ
1 : Linux / / DECUS cpp
C95: cpp
</pre>
<blockquote>
Martin Minow ˤ DECUS cpp Υꥸʥ (1985/01) DEC γƼ亮ƥࡢUNIX, MS-DOS ΤĤνϤ˰ܿƤ뤬ΥƥȤǻȤäΤϡkmatsui ꥸʥǤ˼ä Linux / GCC ǥѥ뤷ΡTranslation limits ʤ٤ꥢ褦ޥ
</blockquote>
<pre>
2 : FreeBSD 2.2.7 / GCC V.2.7.2.1 / cpp (V.2.0)
GO32 / DJGPP V.1.12 / cpp (V.2.0)
WIN32 / BC 4.0 / cpp (V.2.0)
MS-DOS / BC 4.0, TC 2.0 / cpp (V.2.0)
MS-DOS / LSI C-86 V.3.3 / cpp (V.2.0)
OS-9/6x09 / Microware C/09 / cpp (V.2.0)
C95: cpp -23 (-S1 -S199409L) -W15
gcc -ansi -Wp,-2,-W15
C99: cpp -23 (-S1) -S199901L -W15
C++: cpp -23+ -S199711L -W15
</pre>
<blockquote>
kmatsui ˤ륪ץեȥ (1998/08)<b>mcpp</b> ȸƤ֡DECUS cpp ١ȤƽľΡ
ϤΥСϾ嵭νϤбƤ Linux GCC ǥѥ뤷ΤȤäƥƥȤ
</blockquote>
<pre>
3 : WIN32 / Borland C++ V.5.5J / cpp32 (2000/08)
C95: cpp32 -A -w
bcc32 -A -w
C99: cpp32 -A -w
C++: cpp32 -A -w
</pre>
<blockquote>
Trigraph cpp bcc trigraph.exe ȤѴץबѰդƤ롣ֵʽפȾΤ뤿ΥХǤ롣Borland C ǤϡȤäͽѴץǥƥȤȤ trigraph.exe <backslash><newline> ˤ³ޤǽƤޤΤᡢֹ椬q.1.2 ΤۤǸˡ
</blockquote>
<pre>
4 : Linux, CygWIN / GCC V.2.95.3 (2001/03) / cpp0
C95: cpp0 -D__STRICT_ANSI__ -std=iso9899:199409 -$ -pedantic -Wall
gcc -ansi -pedantic -Wall
C99: cpp0 -std=c9x -$ -Wall
C++: g++ -E -trigraphs -$ -Wall
</pre>
<blockquote>
GCC portable ʥǤΤǡΥƥ˰ܿΤλͤϰܿԤѰդ٤Ǥ뤬ȼΥɥȤƤʤcpp ΥɥȤȤƤ GNU cpp.info ¸ߤʤ
</blockquote>
<pre>
5 : Linux / GCC V.3.2 (2002/08) / cpp0
C95: cpp0 -D__STRICT_ANSI__ -std=iso9899:199409 -$ -pedantic -Wall
gcc -std=iso9899:199409 -pedantic -Wall
C99: cpp0 -std=c99 -$ -Wall
C++: g++ -E -trigraphs -$ -Wall
</pre>
<blockquote>
kmatsui ѥ뤷Ρ--enable-c-mbchar Ȥץդ configure Ƥ롣
</blockquote>
<pre>
6 : Linux / / ucpp (V.1.3)
C95: ucpp -wa -c90
C99: ucpp -wa
</pre>
<blockquote>
Thomas Pornin ˤ륪ץեȥ (2003/01)Portable ñΥץץåLinux / GCC ǥѥ뤷ƥƥȤ
</blockquote>
<pre>
7 : WIN32 / Visual C++ 2003 / cl
C95: cl -Za -E -Wall -Tc
C99: cl -E -Wall -Tc
C++: cl -E -Wall -Tp
</pre>
<blockquote>
-E ץǤϥȤ <backslash><newline> ʤΤǡѥˤƥȤʻ (2003/04)
</blockquote>
<pre>
8 : WIN32 / LCC-Win32 2003-08 / lcc
C95: lcc -A -E
lcc -A
C99: lcc -A -E
C++: lcc -A -E
</pre>
<blockquote>
Jacob Navia C. W. Fraser & Dave Hanson ΥץեȥǤ lcc ˽糫ȯĶ (2003/08)ץץʬΥ Dennis Ritchie Plan9 Τ˽Ρ
</blockquote>
<pre>
9 : WIN32, Linux, etc. / / wave (V.1.0)
C95: wave
C99: wave --c99
C++: wave
</pre>
<blockquote>
Hartmut Kaiser ˤ portable ʥץեȥCompiler-independent ʥץץå
Boost preprocessor library ʤΤȤäƼƤ롣ԤѰդ WIN32 Ѥμ¹ԥץ (2004/01) ǥƥȤ
</blockquote>
<pre>
10: FreeBSD, Linux, CygWIN / GCC 2.95, 3.2
WIN32, MS-DOS / Visual C 2003, BCC, etc. / mcpp_std (V.2.4)
C95: mcpp_std -23 (-S1 -V199409L) -W31
gcc -ansi -Wp,-2,-W31
C99: mcpp_std -23 (-S1) -V199901L -W31
C++: mcpp_std -23+ -V199711L -W31
</pre>
<blockquote>
<b>mcpp</b> V.2.4 (2004/02) Standard ⡼ɡLinux / GCC ǥѥ뤷Τǥƥȡ
</blockquote>
<pre>
11: Linux / GCC V.3.4.3 (2004/11) / cc1, cc1plus
C95: gcc -E -std=iso9899:199409 -pedantic -Wall
C99: gcc -E -std=c99 -$ -Wall
C++: g++ -E -std=c++98 -$ -Wall
</pre>
<pre>
12: WIN32 / Visual C++ 2005 / cl
C95: cl -Za -E -Wall -Tc
C99: cl -E -Wall -Tc
C++: cl -E -Wall -Tp
</pre>
<blockquote>
-E ץǤϥȤ <backslash><newline> ʤΤǡѥˤƥȤʻ (2005/09)
</blockquote>
<pre>
13: WIN32 / LCC-Win32 2006-03 / lcc
C95: lcc -A -E
lcc -A
C99: lcc -A -E
C++: lcc -A -E
</pre>
<blockquote>
LCC-Win32 2006-03 (2006/03)
</blockquote>
<pre>
14: Linux / GCC V.4.1.1 (2006/05) / cc1, cc1plus
C95: gcc -E -std=iso9899:199409 -pedantic -Wall
C99: gcc -E -std=c99 -$ -Wall
C++: g++ -E -std=c++98 -$ -Wall
15: WIN32 / Visual C++ 2008 / cl
C95: cl -Za -E -Wall -Tc
C99: cl -E -Wall -Tc
C++: cl -E -Wall -Tp
</pre>
<blockquote>
-E ץǤϥȤ <backslash><newline> ʤΤǡѥˤƥȤʻ (2007/12)
</blockquote>
<pre>
16: Linux, WIN32, etc. / / wave (V.2.0)
C95: wave (--c99)
C99: wave --c99
C++: wave
</pre>
<blockquote>
wave V.2.0 (2008/08)
Boost C++ Library V.1.36.0 ˴ޤޤƤ륽ɮԤ Linux/GCC, Windows/Visual C++ ǥǥեȤǥѥ뤷Τѡ
GCC, Visual C ΥإåեȤγեѰդƥƥȡ
</blockquote>
<pre>
17: FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, CygWIN, MinGW / GCC 2.95 - 4.1
WIN32 / Visual C 2003-2008, BCC, LCC-Win32 / mcpp (V.2.7.2)
C95: mcpp -23 (-S1 -V199409L) -W31
gcc -ansi -Wp,-2,-W31,-fno-dollars-in-identifiers
C99: mcpp -23 (-S1) -V199901L -W31
C++: mcpp -23+ -V199711L -W31
</pre>
<blockquote>
<b>mcpp</b> V.2.7.2 (2008/11)
</blockquote>
<br>
<h2><a name="6.2" href="#toc.6.2">6.2. ɽ</a></h2>
<pre>
D M B G G u V L W M G V L G V W M
E C C C C c C C a C C C C C C A C
C P C C C p 2 C v P C 2 C C 2 V P
U P 5 2 3 p 0 0 e P 3 0 0 4 0 E P
S 2 5 9 2 1 0 3 1 2 4 0 6 1 0 2 2
C 0 C 5 3 3 0 0 4 3 5 0 1 8 0 7
P P 3 8 3 2
P P
max 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
[K&R: Processing of sources conforming to K&R and C90] (31 items)
n.2.1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.2.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.2.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.6.1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
n.7.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.10.2 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.12.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.12.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.12.5 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.12.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.13.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.13.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.13.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.13.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.13.7 6 6 6 4 6 6 6 4 6 0 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 6
n.13.8 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.13.9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
n.13.10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.13.11 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.13.12 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.15.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.15.2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.18.1 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
n.18.2 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
n.18.3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
n.27.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.27.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.29.1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
n.32.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
i.32.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
i.35.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 1 2
stotal 166 150 166 164 166 166 166 156 158 140 166 166 160 156 166 160 165 166
[C90: Processing of strictly conforming sources] (76 items)
n.1.1 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.1.2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.1.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.2.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.2.5 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.3.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.3.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.3.4 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.4.1 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 0 0 6 6 6 0 6 6 6 6
n.4.2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.5.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.6.2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.6.3 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.7.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.7.3 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.8.1 8 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 8
n.8.2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.9.1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
n.10.1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
n.11.1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
n.11.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.12.1 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.12.2 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.12.6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.13.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.13.6 6 0 6 6 6 6 4 6 4 0 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 6
n.13.13 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.13.14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.19.1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.19.2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.20.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.21.1 4 0 4 0 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 0 4 4
n.21.2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
n.22.1 4 0 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.22.2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.22.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2
n.23.1 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.23.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.24.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.24.2 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.24.3 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.24.4 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.24.5 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.25.1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.25.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.25.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.25.4 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.25.5 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.26.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.26.2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.26.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.26.4 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.26.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.27.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.27.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4
n.27.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 2
n.27.6 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.28.1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.28.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.28.3 4 0 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.28.4 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.28.5 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.28.6 4 0 4 0 4 4 2 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 4 4
n.28.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.29.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.30.1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
n.32.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.37.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.37.6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n.37.9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
stotal 286 160 284 252 286 286 278 274 272 240 286 286 272 272 286 272 274 286
[C90: Processing of implementation defined portions] (1 item)
i.32.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
stotal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
[C90: Diagnosing of violation of syntax rule or constraint] (50 items)
e.4.3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.7.4 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.12.8 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
e.14.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.2 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e.14.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.7 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.14.10 4 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
e.15.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.15.4 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.15.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.16.1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.16.2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.5 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.6 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.17.7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.5 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.6 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.7 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.18.9 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 2
e.19.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e.19.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e.19.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e.19.6 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.19.7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.23.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
e.23.4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
e.24.6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
e.25.6 4 0 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e.27.7 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
e.29.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.29.4 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.29.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.31.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.31.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e.31.3 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
e.32.5 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
e.33.2 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
e.35.2 2 0 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
stotal 112 74 112 92 104 108 98 100 92 86 112 106 105 92 108 105 104 112
[C90: Documents on implementation defined behaviors] (13 items)
d.1.1 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2
d.1.2 4 2 4 4 4 4 0 4 0 0 4 4 4 0 4 4 2 4
d.1.3 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2
d.1.4 4 0 4 4 4 4 0 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4
d.1.5 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4
d.1.6 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
d.2.1 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
d.2.2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
d.2.3 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
d.2.4 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
d.2.5 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 2
d.2.6 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 2
d.2.7 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
stotal 32 4 32 20 12 23 6 18 10 8 32 21 22 8 21 22 10 32
[C90: Degree of Standard C conformance] (171 items)
mttl90 598 390 596 530 570 585 550 550 534 476 598 581 561 530 583 561 555 598
[C99: Conformance to new features] (20 items)
n.dslcom 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.ucn1 8 0 0 0 0 6 8 2 0 2 8 6 8 0 6 8 6 8
n.ucn2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
n.ppnum 4 0 4 0 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 0 4 4 0 0 4
n.line 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.pragma 6 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 0 2 6 6 0 0 6 0 2 6
n.llong 10 0 0 0 10 10 8 10 0 0 10 10 10 0 10 10 10 10
n.vargs 10 0 10 0 10 10 10 0 0 10 10 10 10 2 10 10 10 10
n.stdmac 4 0 2 0 0 4 4 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 4 4
n.nularg 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 2 0 6 6 6 2 0 6 2 6 6
n.tlimit 18 0 18 14 18 18 17 18 14 18 18 18 18 12 18 18 16 18
e.ucn 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 4 0 2 0 0 2 2 4
e.intmax 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 2
e.pragma 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2
e.vargs1 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2
e.vargs2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
d.pragma 2 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
d.predef 6 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 6 0 0 6
d.ucn 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
d.mbiden 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 1 0 2
mttl99 98 0 58 20 56 86 88 41 18 53 98 87 61 22 87 61 70 98
[C++: Conformance to new features not in C90] (9 items)
n.dslcom 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n.ucn1 4 0 0 0 0 4 4 2 0 2 4 4 2 0 4 2 2 4
n.cnvucn 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
n.bool 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2
n.token1 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2
n.token2 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2
n.cplus 4 0 2 2 2 2 0 4 0 4 4 2 4 0 2 4 4 4
e.operat 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2
d.tlimit 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 1 0 2
mttl++ 26 0 10 6 6 20 9 13 6 18 22 20 13 6 20 13 16 22
[C90: Qualities / 1 : handling of multibyte character] (1 item)
m.36.2 7 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 7 5 2 0 5 2 0 7
stotal 7 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 7 5 2 0 5 2 0 7
[C90: Qualities / 2 : diagnosis of undefined behaviors] (29 items)
u.1.1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
u.1.2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
u.1.3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.6 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
u.1.7 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 6 0 0 9
u.1.8 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
u.1.9 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
u.1.10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.11 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.13 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.14 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.15 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.16 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.17 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 2
u.1.18 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
u.1.19 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 2
u.1.20 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.21 2 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
u.1.22 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
u.1.23 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
u.1.24 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
u.1.25 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
u.1.27 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.1.28 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
u.2.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
u.2.2 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
stotal 41 10 33 16 19 26 20 18 19 16 38 30 17 21 30 17 25 41
[C90: Qualities / 3 : Diagnosis of unspecified behaviors] (2 items)
s.1.1 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
s.1.2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
stotal 4 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
[C90: Qualities / 4 : Diagnosis of suspicious cases] (12 items)
w.1.1 4 4 4 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 4 0 0 4
w.1.2 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 4
w.2.1 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2
w.2.2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
w.3.3 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.5 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.6 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.7 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.8 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
w.3.9 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
stotal 19 5 19 1 4 4 0 0 0 2 19 6 0 1 6 0 2 19
[C90: Qualities / 5 : Other features] (17 items)
q.1.1 9 0 9 6 9 9 8 7 4 9 9 9 7 5 9 7 8 9
q.1.2 10 6 10 4 8 10 4 4 4 4 10 10 4 4 10 4 4 10
q.1.3 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
q.1.4 20 10 20 10 20 20 20 10 20 10 20 20 10 20 20 10 10 20
q.2.1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4
q.2.2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
q.2.3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
q.2.4 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2
q.2.5 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
q.2.6 4 0 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 0 4 4 4 2 4 4 0 4
q.2.7 10 4 6 4 8 8 4 4 4 2 8 8 4 4 8 4 4 8
q.2.8 10 0 6 2 2 2 0 6 4 4 8 2 6 4 2 6 4 8
q.2.9 6 2 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 4
q.3.1 20 10 8 8 14 12 8 10 10 6 8 12 10 10 12 10 6 8
q.3.2 20 20 20 18 16 16 18 16 18 14 18 14 14 18 12 14 12 16
q.3.3 20 10 14 0 10 12 8 0 0 8 14 12 0 0 12 0 10 16
q.4.1 10 2 6 6 4 6 2 4 6 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 4 8
stotal 157 78 123 70 113 117 88 79 84 77 123 115 77 85 113 77 78 129
[C90: Qualities] (61 items)
mttl90 228 93 181 89 136 147 110 101 103 95 191 156 96 107 154 96 105 200
[C99: Qualities of new features] (3 items)
u.line 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 2
u.concat 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
w.tlimit 8 0 8 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 0 2 0 8
mttl99 11 0 11 0 1 2 3 2 0 0 11 2 2 0 2 2 2 11
[C++: Qualities of features not in C90] (1 item)
u.cplus 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
mttl++ 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
[Overall] (265 items)
gtotal 962 483 857 646 769 840 760 708 661 643 921 846 734 665 846 734 749 930
D M B G G u V L W M G V L G V W M
E C C C C c C C a C C C C C C A C
C P C C C p 2 C v P C 2 C C 2 V P
U P 5 2 3 p 0 0 e P 3 0 0 4 0 E P
S 2 5 9 2 1 0 3 1 2 4 0 6 1 0 2 2
C 0 C 5 3 3 0 0 4 3 5 0 1 8 0 7
P P 3 8 3 2
P P
max 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
</pre>
<br>
<h2><a name="6.3" href="#toc.6.3">6.3. ƥץץåħ</a></h2>
<p>1 : Linux / / DECUS cpp</p>
<blockquote>ANSI draft ΤΤΤǡȤʤäƤϵʽ٤㤯ʤäƤޤǥåϤޤޤǤɥȤϤۤȤɤޤʤΤäꤷץǡꤷƤޤ<br>
portability ι⤤ΤǡĤνϤ˰ܿƤޤܤΤ褦ɤߤ䤹ǡɤǤٶˤʤޤ䤬 <b>mcpp</b> Υ١ˤΤϤΥǤ</blockquote>
<p>3 : WIN32 / Borland C++ V.5.5J / cpp32</p>
<blockquote>C90 εʽ٤Ū⤯ä shift-JIS ˤޤȤбƤޤɥȤäƤޤe_* ǤϿǥåϤƤФޤ֤˹碌ŪʤΤ¿ɤޤ<br>
ֵʳʼפϼǡȤĥǽ⤢ޤUndefined ʬФƤϿǥåϤޤФ˽ޤʤбդȤʤäƤޤä褦Ǥ<br>
®٤ Turbo C Ȱäơ®ۤǤϤʤʤޤǤˣѥѥΥåȤϤʤʤäƥǥåȤĤäƤȻפޤĤޤǤή³Ƥ椯ΤǤ礦</blockquote>
<p>4 : Linux, CygWIN / GCC V.2.95.3 / cpp0</p>
<blockquote>C90, C95 εʽ٤Ϥʤ⤯ǥåŪΤǤưϤۤܰꤷƤꡢĤƹ®Ǥ˭٤뤯餤˭٤ʥץħǤ<b>mcpp</b> Ǥ⡢ΥץΤĤޤͤƤޤ<br>
ĤƤϤĤˤХ⤢ޤV.2.95 ǤϥХϤۤȤɤʤʤޤ<br>
ĤϡC99, C++98 οͤ¿̤Ǥ뤳ȡǥåޤޤʤȡɥȤʤƤ뤳ȡ#pragma Ȥʤʰȿγĥǽ¿ȡpre-Standard obsolete ʻͤ¿Ƥ뤳ȡmulti-byte character encoding ؤбȾüǼѥ٥ãƤʤȡǤ<br>
cpp.info ȤɥȤ GCC / cpp Standard C ץץΤβȤͥ줿ΤǤʬΥɥȤ CygWIN, FreeBSD, Linux Τɤˤ¸ߤʤΤϻǰǤְܿפȤΤϥץǤϤʤϤǤ<br>
ϤĤϤ餱ɤߤˤĥץȤΩƤŤޥץåι¤äƤޤ GCC ϤΤͥƤ뤿ᡢ¿Υƥ˰ܿƤޤ</blockquote>
<p>5 : Linux / GCC V.3.2 / cpp0</p>
<blockquote>GCC V.3 Ǥϥץץ V.2 饽쿷ޤƱ˥ɥȤ쿷ޤToken-based ʸ§Ű줵졢pre-Standard ʻͤϤޤƤʤ⥦˥Ф褦ˤʤꡢundocumented ʻͤƤޤΤȤƤϻδԤ˲ɤƤޤץ¤쿷줿Ȥǡβɤ⤷䤹ʤäΤȻפޤ<br>
ǥåɥȡC99 бmulti-byte character ؤбϤޤԽʬǤ®٤Ϥ٤ʤޤǤޤ®ۤǤ<br>
إåե뤬ʣ include directory ΥʣˤʤäƤƤΤϡäǤޤŤץȤʤʤäƤ¿οץƤꡢʤʤؿʤߤޤV.3 ǤϥץץѥΤ˰βޤץץʬȥѥʬȤŪ interface ʤʣʤΤˤʤäƤΤ⡢ǰʤȤǤ</blockquote>
<p>6 : Linux / / ucpp (V.1.3)</p>
<blockquote>C99 бƤ뤳ȡץ portable Ǥ뤳ȤħǤʽ٤Ϥʤ⤯ʤäƤޤUCN UTF-8 бƤ뤳ȤˤʤäƤޤϤԽʬǤǥåϤȤƤޤɥȤ⤫ʤƤޤ</blockquote>
<p>7 : WIN32 / Visual C++ 2003 / cl<br>
12 : WIN32 / Visual C++ 2005 / cl<br>
15 : WIN32 / Visual C++ 2008 / cl</p>
<blockquote>C99 λͤ 2003 ǤϤۤȤɼƤޤǤ2005 ǤϤּʤߤޤ<br>
C90 λͤˤĤΥХĤäƤޤTranslation phase κ𤷤Ƥ뤳ȤǤ⺬ŪǤ˸ŤʬŪ˼ʤСåפ֤ƤƤ뤳Ȥޤ<br>
ǥåϤԥȤΤ줿ΤФиޤ顼ȽǤƤޤȤ¿Τ⡢ȤˤǤɥȤϼ٤ƹ٤Ƥʬˤޤ<br>
Translation limits 礭Ȥ #pragma Ū¿ȤȤꤨȸޤȤ #pragma setlocale ʤΤǤC90 Ǥ #pragma ԤޥŸ뤳ȡˤ⤫餺 #pragma sub-directive 桼֤̾ȤäƤΤǤ<br>
2008 Υץץå 2005 ȤۤȤѤꤢޤ
㤤 C99 _Pragma() __pragma() Ȥ̾ͤۤʤ黻Ҥ줿Ȥ餤Ǥ
źդ륷ƥإåˤϡ2005 ޤǤϾʤäΤǤ2008 ˤʤäƤʤ '$' ȤäޥƤޤޤ</blockquote>
<p>8 : WIN32 / LCC-Win32 2003-08 / lcc<br>
13 : WIN32 / LCC-Win32 2006-03 / lcc</p>
<blockquote>ץץʬ Dennis Ritchie Plan9 ѤΥ Jacob Navia äΤǤǥХåƤꡢ#if ɾʤɤˤʤΥХޤC95 ʹߤλͤˤбƤޤɥȤƤޤ<br>
2003-08 2006-03 ȤǤϥץץ˴ؤƤϤۤȤɰ㤤Ϥޤ</blockquote>
<p>9 : WIN32, Linux, etc. / / wave (V.1.0)<br>
16: WIN32, Linux, etc. / / wave (V.2.0)</p>
<blockquote>C++ STL Τ "meta-programming" ˻ȤȤŪ˺줿ΤǤȾ C++ Υ饤֥ǤǤƤơȾإåեΩäƤȤðۤʥץץåǤ"Meta-programming" μǤϺƵŪޥ¿ѤƤꡢŸǤ <b>mcpp</b> -@compat ץ GCC ƱͤΡִֺػߥ롼פŬϰϤꤹˡȤäƤޤ<a href=#3.4.26>3.4.26</a> ȡˡ<br>
̤ C/C++ ץץåȤƤȤ뤳ȤտޤƤꡢC++98, C99 бɸ֤ƤޤV.1.0 ϴ٤Τʤ㤤ΤǤV.2.0 ˲ޤV.1.0 ΤȤǡ<b>mcpp</b> °븡ڥåȤǥƥȤ¿ΥХȤΤȤǤ˿ǥåμβɥȤν¤˾ޤޤޤǥå° testcases ˸Ԥεʤβ˸꤬ΤⵤˤʤȤǤ</blockquote>
<p>11 : Linux / GCC V.3.4.3 / cc1, cc1plus<br>
14 : Linux / GCC V.4.1.1 / cc1, cc1plus</p>
<blockquote> V.3.2 ȤۤȤѤޤץץȤΩƤϤʤѤޤV.3.2 ǤϥåꤷƤ GCC ǤV.3.3, 3.4 ǤѤä褦ǤñΤΥץץåѻߤ̤ΥޥV.3.2 obsolete Ȥ줿ͤΰ褵ʣĤΥѥˤ٤Ƥۼ˿ʤǤΤϡϤƲȸ뤫ɤΤȤǤMulti-byte character encoding UTF-8 øŪʰ֤ͿȤ⡢multi-lingualization ¿ͤʲǽ뤳ȤˤʤΤǤϤʤǤ礦<br>
V.4.1 ϥץץ˴ؤƤ V.3.4 礭ʰ㤤Ϥޤ</blockquote>
<p>2 : FreeBSD, WIN32, MS-DOS / / <b>mcpp</b> (V.2.0)<br>
10 : FreeBSD, Linux, CygWIN, WIN32, MS-DOS / / <b>mcpp</b> (V.2.4)<br>
17 : FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, CygWIN, MinGW, WIN32 / / <b>mcpp</b> (V.2.7.2)</p>
<blockquote>䤬ʬǺäƼʬǥƥȤƤΤʤΤǡʽ٤ǹǤΤʥץץåΤϤǤǥå˭٤ŪΤɥȤξܺ٤ǤͭѤʥץ #pragma ̤äƤޤV.2.3 ʹߤ C99 λͤˤ⤹٤бƤޤ
ΰܿɤ֤Ǥ礦<br>
ǽޤĤĤäƤޤꤤޤ</blockquote>
<br>
<h2><a name="6.4" href="#toc.6.4">6.4. ɾ</a></h2>
<p>¿ΥץץåƥȤƤߤȡߤ C90 ʽ٤Ϥʤ⤤Τ¿ʤäƤƤ뤳Ȥ狼ޤƽϤȤޤޤ¿äƤޤʤ<b>mcpp</b> ϤۤȤɤιܤʤΤǡ졹ڤޤ</p>
<p>n_* Υץ˴ؤƤΤƤꡢGCC 2.95 ʹ, BC (Borland C) 5.5, LCC-Win32 2003-08 ʹ, ucpp 1.3, Visual C++ 2003 ʹ, wave 2.0 ϼѾϤޤΤʤ٥ãƤޤɤνϤˤճʥХޤ</p>
<p>ǤäΤϡn_13_7.t (n_13_7.c) division by 0 Υ顼ˤʤäƤޤϤ Visual C ޤƤФи뤳ȤǤ&&, || 䣳黻ҤǤΡɾǤڤפȤäδŪʻͤƤʤΤǤBorland C n_13_7.c Ǥϥ˥ˤȤɤƤޤe_14_9.c division by 0 ǤƱ˥ФޤTurbo C Ǥ 0 ǤɾåפʬǤɤƱ顼ȤʤäƤޤBorland C Ϥοǥå˥˳ʲʤΤǤνϤΡִ֤˹碌ǥåפΰǤ</p>
<p>C90 λͤǤϡ# 黻ҤˤʸμδְäƤΤˤޤ<br>
Amendment 1, Corrigendum 1 ɲä줿ͤϡټƤΤ GCC 2.95 ʹ, ucpp, Visual C 2003 ʹߤǤ</p>
<p>C99 λͤϡGCC 3.2 ʹ, ucpp ܼۤƤޤ// Ȥ¿νϤƤޤΤۤ GCC long long translation limits ˤʤ;͵ꡢޥΥŬڤ˽ޤѰޥ GCC ȼλͤΤΤäƤޤ2.95 Ǥ C99 λͤΤΤޤ3.2 Ǥ _Pragma() ޤUCN ucpp, Visual C 2005 ʹߤƤޤGCC 3.2 ʹߤʸƥ뤪ʸ UCN ƤޤWave 2.0 C99 λͤβȾƤޤ<br>
C++98 λͤ GCC 3.2 ʹ, wave, Visual C 2005 ʹߤܼۤƤޤ<br>
C++98 extended-character UCN ѴȤʻͤƤΤϡޤޤ</p>
<p>i_* νʬνǤϡ#if wide character ʤΤ¿褦Ǥwide character ˸¤餺 #if ʸȤȤϡʤˤϤΤΤۤȤɰ̣ΤʤȤʤΤǡȤʤȤäƺ뤳ȤϤʤǤ礦̵̣ʤΤϵʤλͤ٤Ǥ<br>
Multi-byte character ˤĤƤϡVisual C ¿ι encoding ԽʬʤбƤޤ¾νϤϼǤGCC 2.9, 3.2 ϼȾüǡѥ٥ãƤޤGCC 3.4-4.1 ǤϤ٤Ƥ encoding UTF-8 ѴƤ褦ˤʤꡢˤä¿ encoding бǤ褦ˤʤޤ encoding ˤäƤϤޤѥ٥ǤϤޤ<br>
Shift-JIS BIG-5 ȤƥǤϡƥ tokenization # 黻ҤˤʸդɬפǤVisual C ϤˤޤбƤޤBorland C 5.5J shift-JIS ˤбƤޤ</p>
<p>e_* ФǥåǤϡGCC 2.95 ʹߤǤͥƤޤVisual C, ucpp ǤϿǥåŪФΤΡȤƤԥȤƤꤷޤ#if overflow ФǥåνФΤϾʤBC, ucpp, GCC ٿǤǤ</p>
<p>ʬΥɥȤǤϡGCC 3.2 ʹߤޤޤΥ٥ǡ¾Ϥɤ⤪Ǥ</p>
<p>u_* ФǥåǤϡGCC 3.2 ʹߤޤޤǤ¾ϤǤUndefined Ϥϲ⤷ʤɤȤΤǤϤʤȻפޤ</p>
<p>s_*, w_* ˤĤƤϤɤνϤۤȤн褷ƤޤȤΥͥȤФ륦˥ФΤʤΤϡճǤ</p>
<p>֤¾γƼʼפǤϡGCC ˭٤ʥץǥåŪΤ®ܿȤȴФƤޤ</p>
<p>礹ȡGCC V.3.2 ʹߤʽ٤ι⤵Ȥɤޤ礭ʷΤʤǡǤͥƤޤ<b>mcpp</b> ®٤ΤΡ¾ΤۤȤɤ̤ǤäƤ뤳ȤϸޤǤ⤢ޤ</p>
<p>ơ̤ΥƥȤäƤޤƻפΤϡƥѥץȤΤ˽פȤȤǤ<b>mcpp</b> ϤΥץκ¹ԤƥǥХåʤƤΤǤʬʥץ뤬ʤХХ¸ߤˤʤʤդޤ顢ǥХåɤǤϤޤ<br>
ʤˤ⤳Ūʥƥѥץ뤬źդ褦ˤʤȡƽϤʼŪ˸夹뤳ȤǤ礦ޤդˡŪʥƥѥץ뤳Ȥϡʤ⤭Ħˤ뤳ȤˤʤޤƥѥץϵʤΥ饹ȥ졼ʤΤǤ</p>
<br>
<h2><a name="6.5" href="#toc.6.5">6.5. ƥȤո</a></h2>
<p> Validation Suite ˤĤƤΤո䡢ȤäƼϤΥץץΥƥԤƤޤ</p>
<p><a href="http://mcpp.sourceforge.net/">http://mcpp.sourceforge.net/</a></p>
<p> "Open Discusssion Forum" ޤϥǤꤤޤ</p>
<p>ץץåξܺ٥ƥȤԤäϡ<a href="#6.2">6.2</a> ɽڤäơ˽Ǥ꤯ηˤ tool/total.c ѥ뤷ƻȤޤɽ cpp_test.old Ȥȡ</p>
<p>total 18 cpp_test.old cpp_test.new</p>
<p>Ȥȡstotal (sub-total), mtotal (mid-total), gtotal (grand-total) γޤ cpp_test.new ˽Ϥޤ"18" ΤȤϽϤοꤷޤ</p>
<p>GCC ξϡڥåȤ testsuite Ǥˤ뼫ưƥȤǤޤƼС GCC Υƥȷ̤꤯ե (gcc.sum, gcc.log) äƤȡǥåΥСˤ㤤ڥåȤ testsuite Ǥ˺Τ뤳ȤǤޤ</p>
<p>ޤValidation Suite <b>mcpp</b> γȯ SourceForge ξ嵭 mcpp project ǿʤƤޤȯ˻äƤߤ褦Ȥϡҥ</p>
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