#!/usr/bin/python3
# Copyright 2017 Facebook.
# Licensed under the same terms as memcached itself.

import argparse
import socket
import sys
import re
import traceback
from time import sleep, time

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="daemon for rebalancing slabs")
parser.add_argument("--host", help="host to connect to",
        default="localhost:11211", metavar="HOST:PORT")
parser.add_argument("-s", "--sleep", help="seconds between runs",
                    type=int, default="1")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-a", "--automove", action="store_true", default=False,
                    help="enable automatic page rebalancing")
parser.add_argument("-w", "--window", type=int, default="30",
                    help="rolling window size for decision history")
parser.add_argument("-r", "--ratio", type=float, default=0.8,
                    help="ratio limiting distance between low/high class ages")
parser.add_argument("-f", "--free", type=float, default=0.005,
                    help="free chunks/pages buffer ratio")
parser.add_argument("-z", "--size", type=int, default=512,
                    help="item size cutoff for storage")

args = parser.parse_args()

host, port = args.host.split(':')

MIN_PAGES_FOR_SOURCE = 2
MIN_PAGES_FOR_RECLAIM = 2.5
MIN_PAGES_FREE = 1.5
MEMCHECK_PERIOD = 60

def window_check(history, sid, key):
    total = 0
    for window in history['w']:
        s = window.get(sid)
        if s and s.get(key):
            total += s.get(key)
    return total

def window_key_check(history, key):
    total = 0
    for window in history['w']:
        v = window.get(key)
        if v:
            total += v
    return total


def determine_move(history, stats, diffs, memfree):
    """ Figure out of a page move is in order.

    - Use as much memory as possible to hold items, reducing the load on
      flash.
    - tries to keep the global free page pool inbetween poolmin/poolmax.
    - avoids flapping as much as possible:
      - only pull pages off of a class if it hasn't recently evicted or allocated pages.
      - only pull pages off if a sufficient number of free chunks are available.
      - if global pool is below minimum remove pages from oldest large class.
      - if global pool is above maximum, move pages to youngest large class.
    - extstore manages a desired number of free chunks in each slab class.
    - autmover adjusts above limits once per minute based on current sizes.
    - if youngest is below the age ratio limit of oldest, move a page to it.
    """
    # rotate windows
    history['w'].append({})
    if (len(history['w']) > args.window):
        history['w'].pop(0)
    w = history['w'][-1]
    oldest = (-1, 0)
    youngest = (-1, sys.maxsize)
    too_free = False
    # Most bytes free
    decision = (-1, -1)
    if int(stats['slab_global_page_pool']) < memfree[0] / 2:
        w['slab_pool_low'] = 1
    if int(stats['slab_global_page_pool']) > memfree[0]:
        w['slab_pool_high'] = 1
    if args.verbose:
        print("global pool: [{}]".format(stats['slab_global_page_pool']))

    pool_low = window_key_check(history, 'slab_pool_low')
    pool_high = window_key_check(history, 'slab_pool_high')
    for sid, slab in diffs.items():
        small_slab = False
        free_enough = False
        # Only balance larger slab classes
        if slab['chunk_size'] < args.size:
            small_slab = True

        w[sid] = {}
        if 'evicted_d' not in slab or 'total_pages_d' not in slab:
            continue
        # mark this window as dirty if total pages increases or evictions
        # happened
        if slab['total_pages_d'] > 0:
            w[sid]['dirty'] = 1
        if slab['evicted_d'] > 0:
            w[sid]['dirty'] = 1
            w[sid]['ev'] = 1
        if slab['free_chunks'] > memfree[sid]:
            free_enough = True
        if memfree[sid] > 0 and slab['free_chunks'] > (memfree[sid] * 2):
            w[sid]['excess_free'] = 1
        w[sid]['age'] = slab['age']
        age = window_check(history, sid, 'age') / len(history['w'])

        # if > 2.5 pages free, and not dirty, reassign to global page pool
        if slab['free_chunks'] > slab['chunks_per_page'] * MIN_PAGES_FOR_RECLAIM and too_free == False:
            dirt = window_check(history, sid, 'dirty')
            excess = window_check(history, sid, 'excess_free')
            if small_slab == True and dirt == 0:
                # If we're a small slab, don't hang on to free memory forever.
                decision = (sid, 0)
                too_free = True
            elif small_slab == False and dirt == 0 \
                    and excess >= len(history['w']):
                decision = (sid, 0)
                too_free = True

        # are we the oldest slab class? (and a valid target)
        # don't consider for young if we've recently given it unused memory
        if small_slab == False:
            if age > oldest[1] and slab['total_pages'] > MIN_PAGES_FOR_SOURCE:
                oldest = (sid, age)
            if age < youngest[1] and slab['total_pages'] > 0 \
                    and window_check(history, sid, 'excess_free') < len(history['w']) \
                    and not (window_check(history, sid, 'relaxed') and free_enough):
                youngest = (sid, age)


    if w.get('slab_pool_high') and youngest[0] != -1:
        # if global pool is too high, feed youngest large class.
        if slab['free_chunks'] <= memfree[youngest[0]]:
            decision = (0, youngest[0])
        w[youngest[0]]['relaxed'] = 1
    elif too_free == False and pool_low and oldest[0] != -1:
        # if pool is too low, take from oldest large class.
        if args.verbose:
            print("oldest:  [class: {}] [age: {:.2f}]".format(int(oldest[0]), oldest[1]))
        decision = (oldest[0], 0)
    elif too_free == False and youngest[0] != -1 and oldest[0] != -1 and youngest[0] != oldest[0]:
        # youngest is outside of the tolerance ratio, move a page around.
        if args.verbose:
            print("old:   [class: {}] [age: {:.2f}]\nyoung: [class: {}] [age: {:.2f}]".format(
                int(oldest[0]), oldest[1], int(youngest[0]), youngest[1]))

        slab = diffs[youngest[0]]
        #print("F:{} L:{} Y:{} R:{}".format(slab['free_chunks'], memfree[youngest[0]], int(youngest[1]), int(oldest[1] * args.ratio)))
        if youngest[1] < oldest[1] * args.ratio:
            w[youngest[0]]['relaxed'] = 1
            if slab['free_chunks'] <= memfree[youngest[0]]:
                decision = (0, youngest[0])

    if (len(history['w']) >= args.window):
        return decision
    return (-1, -1)


def run_move(s, decision):
    s.write("slabs reassign " + str(decision[0]) + " " + str(decision[1]) + "\r\n")
    line = s.readline().rstrip()
    if args.verbose:
        print("move result:", line)


def diff_stats(before, after):
    """ fills out "diffs" as deltas between before/after,
    and "totals" as the sum of all slab classes.
    "_d" postfix to keys means the delta between before/after.
    non-postfix keys are total as of 'after's reading.
    """
    diffs = {}
    totals = {}
    for slabid in after.keys():
        sb = before.get(slabid)
        sa = after.get(slabid)
        if not (sb and sa):
            continue
        slab = sa.copy()
        for k in sa.keys():
            if k not in sb:
                continue
            if k not in totals:
                totals[k] = 0
                totals[k + '_d'] = 0
            if k + '_d' not in slab:
                slab[k + '_d'] = 0
            if re.search(r"^\d+$", sa[k]):
                totals[k] += int(sa[k])
                slab[k] = int(sa[k])
                slab[k + '_d'] = int(sa[k]) - int(sb[k])
                totals[k + '_d'] += int(sa[k]) - int(sb[k])
        slab['slab'] = slabid
        diffs[slabid] = slab
    return (diffs, totals)


def read_slab_stats(s):
    slabs = {}
    for statcmd in ['items', 'slabs']:
        #print("stat cmd: " + statcmd)
        # FIXME: Formatting
        s.write("stats " + statcmd + "\r\n")
        while True:
            line = s.readline().rstrip()
            if line.startswith("END"):
                break

            m = re.match(r"^STAT (?:items:)?(\d+):(\S+) (\S+)", line)
            if m:
                (slab, var, val) = m.groups()
                if slab not in slabs:
                    slabs[slab] = {}
                slabs[slab][var] = val
            #print("line: " + line)
    return slabs


# HACK: lets look at 'evictions' being nonzero to indicate memory filled at some point.
def read_stats(s):
    stats = {}
    s.write("stats\r\n")
    while True:
        line = s.readline().rstrip()
        if line.startswith("END"):
            break

        m = re.match(r"^STAT (\S+) (\S+)", line)
        if m:
            (key, val) = m.groups()
            stats[key] = val
    return stats


def pct(num, divisor):
    if not divisor:
        return 0
    return (num / divisor)


def show_detail(diffs, totals):
    """ just a pretty printer for some extra data """
    print("\n  {:2s}: {:8s} (pct  ) {:10s} (pct    ) {:6s} (pct)   {:6s}".format('sb',
                'evicted', 'items', 'pages', 'age'))

    for sid, slab in diffs.items():
        if 'evicted_d' not in slab:
            continue
        print("  {:2d}: {:8d} ({:.2f}%) {:10d} ({:.4f}%) {:6d} ({:.2f}%) {:6d}".format(
              int(sid), slab['evicted_d'], pct(slab['evicted_d'], totals['evicted_d']),
              slab['number'], pct(slab['number'], totals['number']),
              slab['total_pages'], pct(slab['total_pages'],
              totals['total_pages']),
              slab['age']))

def memfree_check(s, diffs, totals):
    info = {}
    # manage about this many free chunks in each slab class.
    for sid, slab in diffs.items():
        if sid == 0:
            continue
        hold_free = int((slab['used_chunks'] + slab['free_chunks']) * args.free)
        # Hold a minimum of 1.5 pages so page moves are unlikely to lose items.
        if slab['chunks_per_page'] * MIN_PAGES_FREE > hold_free:
            hold_free = int(slab['chunks_per_page'] * MIN_PAGES_FREE)
        info[sid] = hold_free
        # TODO: only adjust if different?
        s.write("extstore free_memchunks {} {}\r\n".format(sid, hold_free))
        s.readline()

    # how many pages to leave in the global pool.
    info[0] = int(totals['total_pages'] * args.free)
    return info


stats_pre = {}
history = { 'w': [{}] }
memfree = { 0: 2 }
last_memfree_check = 0
while True:
    try:
        with socket.create_connection((host, port), 5) as c:
            s = c.makefile(mode="rw", buffering=1)
            s.write("slabs automove 0\r\n")
            print(s.readline().rstrip())
            while True:
                stats_post = read_slab_stats(s)
                stats = read_stats(s)
                (diffs, totals) = diff_stats(stats_pre, stats_post)
                #if args.verbose:
                #    show_detail(diffs, totals)
                if int(stats['evictions']) > 0:
                    if (last_memfree_check < time() - 60) and totals.get('total_pages'):
                        memfree = memfree_check(s, diffs, totals)
                        last_memfree_check = time()
                    decision = (-1, -1)
                    decision = determine_move(history, stats, diffs, memfree)
                    if int(decision[0]) > 0 and int(decision[1]) >= 0:
                        print("moving page from, to:", decision)
                        if args.automove:
                            run_move(s, decision)

                # Minimize sleeping if we just moved a page to global pool.
                # Improves responsiveness during flushes/quick changes.
                if decision[1] == 0:
                    continue
                else:
                    sleep(args.sleep)
                stats_pre = stats_post
    except:
        err = sys.exc_info()
        print("disconnected:", err[0], err[1])
        traceback.print_exc()
        stats_pre = {}
        history = { 'w': [{}] }
        sleep(args.sleep)