Description: <short summary of the patch>
 TODO: Put a short summary on the line above and replace this paragraph
 with a longer explanation of this change. Complete the meta-information
 with other relevant fields (see below for details). To make it easier, the
 information below has been extracted from the changelog. Adjust it or drop
 it.
 .
 mfem (4.5+ds-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 .
   * Initial release. (Closes: #1023223)
Author: Gürkan Myczko <tar@debian.org>
Bug-Debian: https://bugs.debian.org/1023223

---
The information above should follow the Patch Tagging Guidelines, please
checkout https://dep.debian.net/deps/dep3/ to learn about the format. Here
are templates for supplementary fields that you might want to add:

Origin: (upstream|backport|vendor|other), (<patch-url>|commit:<commit-id>)
Bug: <upstream-bugtracker-url>
Bug-Debian: https://bugs.debian.org/<bugnumber>
Bug-Ubuntu: https://launchpad.net/bugs/<bugnumber>
Forwarded: (no|not-needed|<patch-forwarded-url>)
Applied-Upstream: <version>, (<commit-url>|commit:<commid-id>)
Reviewed-By: <name and email of someone who approved/reviewed the patch>
Last-Update: 2023-03-01

--- /dev/null
+++ mfem-4.5+ds/notmakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,830 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
+# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
+# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
+#
+# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
+# availability visit https://mfem.org.
+#
+# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
+# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
+
+# The current MFEM version as an integer, see also `CMakeLists.txt`.
+MFEM_VERSION = 40500
+MFEM_VERSION_STRING = $(shell printf "%06d" $(MFEM_VERSION) | \
+  sed -e 's/^0*\(.*.\)\(..\)\(..\)$$/\1.\2.\3/' -e 's/\.0/./g' -e 's/\.0$$//')
+
+define MFEM_HELP_MSG
+
+MFEM makefile targets:
+
+   make config
+   make
+   make all
+   make status/info
+   make serial
+   make parallel
+   make debug
+   make pdebug
+   make cuda
+   make hip
+   make pcuda
+   make cudebug
+   make pcudebug
+   make test/check
+   make install
+   make clean
+   make distclean
+   make style
+   make tags
+   make hooks
+
+Examples:
+
+make config MFEM_USE_MPI=YES MFEM_DEBUG=YES MPICXX=mpiCC
+   Configure the make system for subsequent runs (analogous to a configure script).
+   The available options are documented in the INSTALL file.
+make config BUILD_DIR=<dir>
+   Configure an out-of-source-tree build in the given directory.
+make config -f <mfem-dir>/makefile
+   Configure an out-of-source-tree build in the current directory.
+make -j 4
+   Build the library (in parallel) using the current configuration options.
+make all
+   Build the library, the examples and the miniapps using the current configuration.
+make status
+   Display information about the current configuration.
+make serial
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial optimized version of the library.
+make parallel
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel optimized version of the library.
+make debug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial debug version of the library.
+make pdebug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel debug version of the library.
+make cuda
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial GPU/CUDA optimized version of the library.
+make pcuda
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel GPU/CUDA optimized version of the library.
+make cudebug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial GPU/CUDA debug version of the library.
+make pcudebug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel GPU/CUDA debug version of the library.
+make hip
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial GPU/HIP optimized version of the library.
+make phip
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel GPU/HIP optimized version of the library.
+make hipdebug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the serial GPU/HIP debug version of the library.
+make phipdebug
+   A shortcut to configure and build the parallel GPU/HIP debug version of the library.
+make test
+   Verify the build by checking the results from running all examples, miniapps,
+   and tests.
+make check
+   Quick-check the build by compiling and running Example 1/1p.
+make unittest
+   Verify the build against the unit tests.
+make install PREFIX=<dir>
+   Install the library and headers in <dir>/lib and <dir>/include.
+make clean
+   Clean the library and object files, but keep the configuration.
+make distclean
+   In addition to "make clean", clean the configuration and remove the local
+   installation directory.
+make style
+   Format the MFEM C++ source files using Artistic Style (astyle).
+make tags
+   Generate a vi or Emacs compatible TAGS file in ${MFEM_DIR}/TAGS. Requires
+   functional "etags" and "egrep" in the user ${PATH}.
+make hooks
+   Creates symlinks to the hooks in the `.git/hooks` directory.
+endef
+
+# Save the MAKEOVERRIDES for cases where we explicitly want to pass the command
+# line overrides to sub-make:
+override MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE := $(MAKEOVERRIDES)
+# Do not pass down variables from the command-line to sub-make:
+MAKEOVERRIDES =
+
+# Path to the mfem source directory, defaults to this makefile's directory:
+THIS_MK := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
+$(if $(wildcard $(THIS_MK)),,$(error Makefile not found "$(THIS_MK)"))
+MFEM_DIR ?= $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(THIS_MK)))
+MFEM_REAL_DIR := $(realpath $(MFEM_DIR))
+$(if $(MFEM_REAL_DIR),,$(error Source directory "$(MFEM_DIR)" is not valid))
+SRC := $(if $(MFEM_REAL_DIR:$(CURDIR)=),$(MFEM_DIR)/,)
+$(if $(word 2,$(SRC)),$(error Spaces in SRC = "$(SRC)" are not supported))
+
+MFEM_GIT_STRING = $(shell [ -d $(MFEM_DIR)/.git ] && git -C $(MFEM_DIR) \
+   describe --all --long --abbrev=40 --dirty --always 2> /dev/null)
+
+EXAMPLE_SUBDIRS = amgx caliper ginkgo hiop petsc pumi sundials superlu moonolith
+EXAMPLE_DIRS := examples $(addprefix examples/,$(EXAMPLE_SUBDIRS))
+EXAMPLE_TEST_DIRS := examples
+
+MINIAPP_SUBDIRS = common electromagnetics meshing navier performance tools \
+ toys nurbs gslib adjoint solvers shifted mtop parelag autodiff hooke multidomain
+MINIAPP_DIRS := $(addprefix miniapps/,$(MINIAPP_SUBDIRS))
+MINIAPP_TEST_DIRS := $(filter-out %/common,$(MINIAPP_DIRS))
+MINIAPP_USE_COMMON := $(addprefix miniapps/,electromagnetics meshing tools \
+ toys shifted)
+
+EM_DIRS = $(EXAMPLE_DIRS) $(MINIAPP_DIRS)
+
+TEST_SUBDIRS = unit
+TEST_DIRS := $(addprefix tests/,$(TEST_SUBDIRS))
+
+ALL_TEST_DIRS = $(filter-out\
+   $(SKIP_TEST_DIRS),$(TEST_DIRS) $(EXAMPLE_TEST_DIRS) $(MINIAPP_TEST_DIRS))
+
+# Use BUILD_DIR on the command line; set MFEM_BUILD_DIR before including this
+# makefile or config/config.mk from a separate $(BUILD_DIR).
+MFEM_BUILD_DIR ?= .
+BUILD_DIR := $(MFEM_BUILD_DIR)
+BUILD_REAL_DIR := $(abspath $(BUILD_DIR))
+ifneq ($(BUILD_REAL_DIR),$(MFEM_REAL_DIR))
+   BUILD_SUBDIRS = $(DIRS) config $(EM_DIRS) doc $(TEST_DIRS)
+   CONFIG_FILE_DEF = -DMFEM_CONFIG_FILE='"$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)/config/_config.hpp"'
+   BLD := $(if $(BUILD_REAL_DIR:$(CURDIR)=),$(BUILD_DIR)/,)
+   $(if $(word 2,$(BLD)),$(error Spaces in BLD = "$(BLD)" are not supported))
+else
+   BUILD_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)
+   BLD := $(SRC)
+endif
+MFEM_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)
+
+CONFIG_MK = $(BLD)config/config.mk
+
+DEFAULTS_MK = $(SRC)config/defaults.mk
+include $(DEFAULTS_MK)
+
+# Optional user config file, see config/defaults.mk
+USER_CONFIG = $(BLD)config/user.mk
+-include $(USER_CONFIG)
+
+# Helper print-info function
+mfem-info = $(if $(filter YES,$(VERBOSE)),$(info *** [info]$(1)),)
+export VERBOSE
+
+$(call mfem-info, MAKECMDGOALS = $(MAKECMDGOALS))
+$(call mfem-info, MAKEFLAGS    = $(MAKEFLAGS))
+$(call mfem-info, MFEM_DIR  = $(MFEM_DIR))
+$(call mfem-info, BUILD_DIR = $(BUILD_DIR))
+$(call mfem-info, SRC       = $(SRC))
+$(call mfem-info, BLD       = $(BLD))
+
+# Include $(CONFIG_MK) unless some of the $(SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGETS) are given
+SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGETS = help config clean distclean serial parallel debug pdebug\
+ cuda hip pcuda phip cudebug hipdebug pcudebug phipdebug hpc style
+HAVE_SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGET = $(filter $(SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGETS),$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+ifeq (,$(HAVE_SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGET))
+   $(call mfem-info, Including $(CONFIG_MK))
+   -include $(CONFIG_MK)
+else
+   # Do not allow skip-include targets to be combined with other targets
+   ifneq (1,$(words $(MAKECMDGOALS)))
+      $(error Target '$(firstword $(HAVE_SKIP_INCLUDE_TARGET))' can not be\
+      combined with other targets)
+   endif
+   $(call mfem-info, NOT including $(CONFIG_MK))
+endif
+
+# Compile flags used by MFEM: CPPFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, plus library flags
+INCFLAGS =
+# Link flags used by MFEM: library link flags plus LDFLAGS (added last)
+ALL_LIBS =
+
+# Building static and/or shared libraries:
+MFEM_STATIC ?= $(STATIC)
+MFEM_SHARED ?= $(SHARED)
+
+# Internal shortcuts
+override static = $(if $(MFEM_STATIC:YES=),,YES)
+override shared = $(if $(MFEM_SHARED:YES=),,YES)
+
+# The default value of CXXFLAGS is based on the value of MFEM_DEBUG
+ifeq ($(MFEM_DEBUG),YES)
+   CXXFLAGS ?= $(DEBUG_FLAGS)
+endif
+CXXFLAGS ?= $(OPTIM_FLAGS)
+
+# MPI configuration
+ifneq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
+   HOST_CXX = $(CXX)
+   PKGS_NEED_MPI = SUPERLU MUMPS STRUMPACK PETSC PUMI SLEPC MKL_CPARDISO
+   $(foreach mpidep,$(PKGS_NEED_MPI),$(if $(MFEM_USE_$(mpidep):NO=),\
+     $(warning *** [MPI is OFF] setting MFEM_USE_$(mpidep) = NO)\
+     $(eval override MFEM_USE_$(mpidep)=NO),))
+else
+   HOST_CXX = $(MPICXX)
+   INCFLAGS += $(HYPRE_OPT)
+   ALL_LIBS += $(HYPRE_LIB)
+endif
+
+# Default configuration
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA)$(MFEM_USE_HIP),NONO)
+   MFEM_CXX ?= $(HOST_CXX)
+   MFEM_HOST_CXX ?= $(MFEM_CXX)
+   XCOMPILER = $(CXX_XCOMPILER)
+   XLINKER   = $(CXX_XLINKER)
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
+   MFEM_CXX ?= $(CUDA_CXX)
+   MFEM_HOST_CXX ?= $(HOST_CXX)
+   CXXFLAGS += $(CUDA_FLAGS) -ccbin $(MFEM_HOST_CXX)
+   XCOMPILER = $(CUDA_XCOMPILER)
+   XLINKER   = $(CUDA_XLINKER)
+   # CUDA_OPT and CUDA_LIB are added below
+   # Compatibility test against MFEM_USE_HIP
+   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
+      $(error Incompatible config: MFEM_USE_CUDA can not be combined with MFEM_USE_HIP)
+   endif
+endif
+
+# HIP configuration
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
+   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
+      INCFLAGS += $(MPI_OPT)
+      ALL_LIBS += $(MPI_LIB)
+   endif
+   MFEM_CXX ?= $(HIP_CXX)
+   MFEM_HOST_CXX ?= $(MFEM_CXX)
+   CXXFLAGS += $(HIP_FLAGS)
+   XLINKER   = $(HIP_XLINKER)
+   XCOMPILER = $(HIP_XCOMPILER)
+   # HIP_OPT and HIP_LIB are added below
+   # Compatibility test against MFEM_USE_CUDA
+   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
+      $(error Incompatible config: MFEM_USE_HIP can not be combined with MFEM_USE_CUDA)
+   endif
+endif
+
+DEP_CXX ?= $(MFEM_CXX)
+
+# Check legacy OpenMP configuration
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP),YES)
+   MFEM_THREAD_SAFE ?= YES
+   ifneq ($(MFEM_THREAD_SAFE),YES)
+      $(error Incompatible config: MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP requires MFEM_THREAD_SAFE)
+   endif
+   # NOTE: MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP cannot be combined with any of:
+   # MFEM_USE_OPENMP, MFEM_USE_CUDA, MFEM_USE_RAJA, MFEM_USE_OCCA
+endif
+
+# List of MFEM dependencies, that require the *_LIB variable to be non-empty
+MFEM_REQ_LIB_DEPS = ENZYME SUPERLU MUMPS METIS FMS CONDUIT SIDRE LAPACK SUNDIALS\
+ MESQUITE SUITESPARSE STRUMPACK GINKGO GNUTLS NETCDF PETSC SLEPC MPFR PUMI HIOP\
+ GSLIB OCCA CEED RAJA UMPIRE MKL_CPARDISO AMGX CALIPER PARELAG BENCHMARK\
+ MOONOLITH ALGOIM
+
+
+PETSC_ERROR_MSG = $(if $(PETSC_FOUND),,. PETSC config not found: $(PETSC_VARS))
+SLEPC_ERROR_MSG = $(if $(SLEPC_FOUND),,. SLEPC config not found: $(SLEPC_VARS))
+
+define mfem_check_dependency
+ifeq ($$(MFEM_USE_$(1)),YES)
+   $$(if $$($(1)_LIB),,$$(error $(1)_LIB is empty$$($(1)_ERROR_MSG)))
+endif
+endef
+
+# During configuration, check dependencies from MFEM_REQ_LIB_DEPS
+ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),config)
+   $(foreach dep,$(MFEM_REQ_LIB_DEPS),\
+      $(eval $(call mfem_check_dependency,$(dep))))
+endif
+
+# List of MFEM dependencies, processed below
+MFEM_DEPENDENCIES = $(MFEM_REQ_LIB_DEPS) LIBUNWIND OPENMP CUDA HIP
+
+# List of deprecated MFEM dependencies, processed below
+MFEM_LEGACY_DEPENDENCIES = OPENMP
+
+# Macro for adding dependencies
+define mfem_add_dependency
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_$(1)),YES)
+   INCFLAGS += $($(1)_OPT)
+   ALL_LIBS += $($(1)_LIB)
+endif
+endef
+
+# Macro for adding legacy dependencies
+define mfem_add_legacy_dependency
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_$(1)),YES)
+   INCFLAGS += $($(1)_OPT)
+   ALL_LIBS += $($(1)_LIB)
+endif
+endef
+
+# Process dependencies
+$(foreach dep,$(MFEM_DEPENDENCIES),$(eval $(call mfem_add_dependency,$(dep))))
+$(foreach dep,$(MFEM_LEGACY_DEPENDENCIES),$(eval $(call \
+   mfem_add_legacy_dependency,$(dep))))
+
+# Timer option
+ifeq ($(MFEM_TIMER_TYPE),2)
+   ALL_LIBS += $(POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB)
+endif
+
+# zlib configuration
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_ZLIB),YES)
+   INCFLAGS += $(ZLIB_OPT)
+   ALL_LIBS += $(ZLIB_LIB)
+endif
+
+# List of all defines that may be enabled in config.hpp and config.mk:
+MFEM_DEFINES = MFEM_VERSION MFEM_VERSION_STRING MFEM_GIT_STRING MFEM_USE_MPI\
+ MFEM_USE_METIS MFEM_USE_METIS_5 MFEM_DEBUG MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS MFEM_USE_ZLIB\
+ MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND MFEM_USE_LAPACK MFEM_THREAD_SAFE MFEM_USE_OPENMP\
+ MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC MFEM_TIMER_TYPE MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS\
+ MFEM_USE_MESQUITE MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE MFEM_USE_GINKGO MFEM_USE_SUPERLU\
+ MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK MFEM_USE_GNUTLS MFEM_USE_NETCDF MFEM_USE_PETSC\
+ MFEM_USE_SLEPC MFEM_USE_MPFR MFEM_USE_SIDRE MFEM_USE_FMS MFEM_USE_CONDUIT\
+ MFEM_USE_PUMI MFEM_USE_HIOP MFEM_USE_GSLIB MFEM_USE_CUDA MFEM_USE_HIP\
+ MFEM_USE_OCCA MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH MFEM_USE_CEED MFEM_USE_RAJA MFEM_USE_UMPIRE\
+ MFEM_USE_SIMD MFEM_USE_ADIOS2 MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO MFEM_USE_AMGX\
+ MFEM_USE_MUMPS MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD MFEM_USE_CODIPACK MFEM_USE_CALIPER\
+ MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK MFEM_USE_PARELAG MFEM_USE_ALGOIM MFEM_USE_ENZYME\
+ MFEM_SOURCE_DIR MFEM_INSTALL_DIR
+
+# List of makefile variables that will be written to config.mk:
+MFEM_CONFIG_VARS = MFEM_CXX MFEM_HOST_CXX MFEM_CPPFLAGS MFEM_CXXFLAGS\
+ MFEM_INC_DIR MFEM_TPLFLAGS MFEM_INCFLAGS MFEM_PICFLAG MFEM_FLAGS MFEM_LIB_DIR\
+ MFEM_EXT_LIBS MFEM_LIBS MFEM_LIB_FILE MFEM_STATIC MFEM_SHARED MFEM_BUILD_TAG\
+ MFEM_PREFIX MFEM_CONFIG_EXTRA MFEM_MPIEXEC MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP MFEM_MPI_NP\
+ MFEM_TEST_MK
+
+# Config vars: values of the form @VAL@ are replaced by $(VAL) in config.mk
+MFEM_CPPFLAGS  ?= $(CPPFLAGS)
+MFEM_CXXFLAGS  ?= $(CXXFLAGS)
+MFEM_TPLFLAGS  ?= $(INCFLAGS)
+MFEM_INCFLAGS  ?= -I@MFEM_INC_DIR@ @MFEM_TPLFLAGS@
+MFEM_PICFLAG   ?= $(if $(shared),$(PICFLAG))
+MFEM_FLAGS     ?= @MFEM_CPPFLAGS@ @MFEM_CXXFLAGS@ @MFEM_INCFLAGS@
+MFEM_EXT_LIBS  ?= $(ALL_LIBS) $(LDFLAGS)
+MFEM_LIBS      ?= $(if $(shared),$(BUILD_RPATH)) -L@MFEM_LIB_DIR@ -lmfem\
+   @MFEM_EXT_LIBS@
+MFEM_LIB_FILE  ?= @MFEM_LIB_DIR@/libmfem.$(if $(shared),$(SO_VER),a)
+MFEM_BUILD_TAG ?= $(shell uname -snm)
+MFEM_PREFIX    ?= $(PREFIX)
+MFEM_INC_DIR   ?= $(if $(CONFIG_FILE_DEF),@MFEM_BUILD_DIR@,@MFEM_DIR@)
+MFEM_LIB_DIR   ?= $(if $(CONFIG_FILE_DEF),@MFEM_BUILD_DIR@,@MFEM_DIR@)
+MFEM_TEST_MK   ?= @MFEM_DIR@/config/test.mk
+# Use "\n" (interpreted by sed) to add a newline.
+MFEM_CONFIG_EXTRA ?= $(if $(CONFIG_FILE_DEF),MFEM_BUILD_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@,)
+
+MFEM_SOURCE_DIR  = $(MFEM_REAL_DIR)
+MFEM_INSTALL_DIR = $(abspath $(MFEM_PREFIX))
+
+# If we have 'config' target, export variables used by config/makefile
+ifneq (,$(filter config,$(MAKECMDGOALS)))
+   export $(MFEM_DEFINES) MFEM_DEFINES $(MFEM_CONFIG_VARS) MFEM_CONFIG_VARS
+   export VERBOSE HYPRE_OPT PUMI_DIR MUMPS_OPT
+endif
+
+# If we have 'install' target, export variables used by config/makefile
+ifneq (,$(filter install,$(MAKECMDGOALS)))
+   ifneq (install,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+      $(error Target 'install' can not be combined with other targets)
+   endif
+   # Allow changing the PREFIX during install with: make install PREFIX=<dir>
+   PREFIX := $(MFEM_PREFIX)
+   PREFIX_INC   := $(PREFIX)/include
+   PREFIX_LIB   := $(PREFIX)/lib
+   PREFIX_SHARE := $(PREFIX)/share/mfem
+   override MFEM_DIR := $(MFEM_REAL_DIR)
+   MFEM_INCFLAGS = -I@MFEM_INC_DIR@ @MFEM_TPLFLAGS@
+   MFEM_FLAGS    = @MFEM_CPPFLAGS@ @MFEM_CXXFLAGS@ @MFEM_INCFLAGS@
+   MFEM_LIBS     = $(if $(shared),$(INSTALL_RPATH)) -L@MFEM_LIB_DIR@ -lmfem\
+      @MFEM_EXT_LIBS@
+   MFEM_LIB_FILE = @MFEM_LIB_DIR@/libmfem.$(if $(shared),$(SO_VER),a)
+   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_OCCA),YES)
+      ifneq ($(MFEM_INSTALL_DIR),$(abspath $(PREFIX)))
+         $(error OCCA is enabled: PREFIX must be set during configuration!)
+      endif
+   endif
+   MFEM_PREFIX := $(abspath $(PREFIX))
+   MFEM_INC_DIR = $(abspath $(PREFIX_INC))
+   MFEM_LIB_DIR = $(abspath $(PREFIX_LIB))
+   MFEM_TEST_MK = $(abspath $(PREFIX_SHARE)/test.mk)
+   MFEM_CONFIG_EXTRA =
+   export $(MFEM_DEFINES) MFEM_DEFINES $(MFEM_CONFIG_VARS) MFEM_CONFIG_VARS
+   export VERBOSE
+endif
+
+# Source dirs in logical order
+DIRS = general linalg linalg/simd mesh mesh/submesh fem fem/ceed/interface \
+       fem/ceed/integrators/mass fem/ceed/integrators/convection \
+       fem/ceed/integrators/diffusion fem/ceed/integrators/nlconvection \
+       fem/ceed/solvers fem/fe fem/lor fem/qinterp fem/tmop
+
+ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH),YES)
+   MFEM_CXXFLAGS += $(MOONOLITH_CXX_FLAGS)
+   MFEM_INCFLAGS += -I$(MFEM_DIR)/fem/moonolith $(MOONOLITH_INCLUDES)
+   MFEM_TPLFLAGS += $(MOONOLITH_INCLUDES)
+   DIRS += fem/moonolith
+endif
+
+SOURCE_FILES = $(foreach dir,$(DIRS),$(wildcard $(SRC)$(dir)/*.cpp))
+RELSRC_FILES = $(patsubst $(SRC)%,%,$(SOURCE_FILES))
+OBJECT_FILES = $(patsubst $(SRC)%,$(BLD)%,$(SOURCE_FILES:.cpp=.o))
+OKL_DIRS = fem
+
+.PHONY: lib all clean distclean install config status info deps serial parallel	\
+	debug pdebug cuda hip pcuda cudebug pcudebug hpc style check test unittest \
+	deprecation-warnings
+
+.SUFFIXES:
+.SUFFIXES: .cpp .o
+# Remove some default implicit rules
+%:	%.o
+%.o:	%.cpp
+%:	%.cpp
+
+# Default rule.
+lib: $(if $(static),$(BLD)libmfem.a) $(if $(shared),$(BLD)libmfem.$(SO_EXT))
+
+# Flags used for compiling all source files.
+MFEM_BUILD_FLAGS = $(MFEM_PICFLAG) $(MFEM_CPPFLAGS) $(MFEM_CXXFLAGS)\
+ $(MFEM_TPLFLAGS) $(CONFIG_FILE_DEF)
+
+# Rules for compiling all source files.
+$(OBJECT_FILES): $(BLD)%.o: $(SRC)%.cpp $(CONFIG_MK)
+	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_BUILD_FLAGS) -c $(<) -o $(@)
+
+all: examples miniapps $(TEST_DIRS)
+
+.PHONY: miniapps $(EM_DIRS) $(TEST_DIRS)
+miniapps: $(MINIAPP_DIRS)
+$(MINIAPP_USE_COMMON): miniapps/common
+$(EM_DIRS) $(TEST_DIRS): lib
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)$(@)
+
+.PHONY: doc
+doc:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)$(@)
+
+-include $(BLD)deps.mk
+
+$(BLD)libmfem.a: $(OBJECT_FILES)
+	$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $(@) $(OBJECT_FILES)
+	$(RANLIB) $(@)
+	@$(MAKE) deprecation-warnings
+
+$(BLD)libmfem.$(SO_EXT): $(BLD)libmfem.$(SO_VER)
+	cd $(@D) && ln -sf $(<F) $(@F)
+	@$(MAKE) deprecation-warnings
+
+# If some of the external libraries are build without -fPIC, linking shared MFEM
+# library may fail. In such cases, one may set EXT_LIBS on the command line.
+EXT_LIBS = $(MFEM_EXT_LIBS)
+$(BLD)libmfem.$(SO_VER): $(OBJECT_FILES)
+	$(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_LINK_FLAGS) $(BUILD_SOFLAGS) $(OBJECT_FILES) \
+	   $(EXT_LIBS) -o $(@)
+
+# Shortcut targets options
+serial debug cuda hip cudebug hipdebug:           M_MPI=NO
+parallel pdebug pcuda pcudebug phip phipdebug:    M_MPI=YES
+serial parallel cuda pcuda hip phip:              M_DBG=NO
+debug pdebug cudebug pcudebug hipdebug phipdebug: M_DBG=YES
+cuda pcuda cudebug pcudebug:                      M_CUDA=YES
+hip phip hipdebug phipdebug:                      M_HIP=YES
+
+serial parallel debug pdebug:
+	$(MAKE) -f $(THIS_MK) config MFEM_USE_MPI=$(M_MPI) MFEM_DEBUG=$(M_DBG) \
+	   $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+	$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+
+cuda pcuda cudebug pcudebug:
+	$(MAKE) -f $(THIS_MK) config MFEM_USE_MPI=$(M_MPI) MFEM_DEBUG=$(M_DBG) \
+	   MFEM_USE_CUDA=$(M_CUDA) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+	$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+
+hip phip hipdebug phipdebug:
+	$(MAKE) -f $(THIS_MK) config MFEM_USE_MPI=$(M_MPI) MFEM_DEBUG=$(M_DBG) \
+	MFEM_USE_HIP=$(M_HIP) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+	$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+
+# Build with MPI and all Device backends enabled (requires OCCA and RAJA)
+hpc:
+	$(MAKE) -f $(THIS_MK) config MFEM_USE_MPI=YES MFEM_USE_CUDA=YES \
+	  MFEM_USE_OPENMP=YES MFEM_USE_OCCA=YES MFEM_USE_RAJA=YES \
+	  $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+	$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE)
+
+deps:
+	rm -f $(BLD)deps.mk
+	for i in $(RELSRC_FILES:.cpp=); do \
+	   $(DEP_CXX) $(MFEM_BUILD_FLAGS) $(DEP_FLAGS) $(BLD)$${i}.o $(SRC)$${i}.cpp\
+	      >> $(BLD)deps.mk; done
+
+check: lib
+	@printf "Quick-checking the MFEM library."
+	@printf " Use 'make test' for more extensive tests.\n"
+	@$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)examples \
+	$(if $(findstring YES,$(MFEM_USE_MPI)),ex1p-test-par,ex1-test-seq)
+
+test test-noclean:
+	@echo "Testing the MFEM library. This may take a while..."
+	@echo "Building all examples, miniapps, and tests..."
+	@$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE) all
+	@echo "Running tests in: [ $(ALL_TEST_DIRS) ] ..."
+	@ERR=0; for dir in $(ALL_TEST_DIRS); do \
+	   echo "Running tests in $${dir} ..."; \
+	   if ! $(MAKE) -j1 -C $(BLD)$${dir} $@; then \
+	   ERR=1; fi; done; \
+	   if [ 0 -ne $${ERR} ]; then echo "Some tests failed."; exit 1; \
+	   else echo "All tests passed."; fi
+
+.PHONY: test-miniapps
+test-miniapps:
+	@echo "Building all miniapps ..."
+	@$(MAKE) $(MAKEOVERRIDES_SAVE) miniapps
+	@ERR=0; for dir in $(MINIAPP_TEST_DIRS); do \
+	   echo "Running tests in $${dir} ..."; \
+	   if ! $(MAKE) -j1 -C $(BLD)$${dir} test; then \
+	   ERR=1; fi; done; \
+	   if [ 0 -ne $${ERR} ]; then echo "Some miniapp tests failed."; \
+	   exit 1; else echo "All miniapp tests passed."; fi
+
+unittest: lib
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)tests/unit test
+
+.PHONY: test-print
+test-print:
+	@echo "Printing tests in: [ $(ALL_TEST_DIRS) ] ..."
+	@for dir in $(ALL_TEST_DIRS); do \
+	   $(MAKE) -j1 -C $(BLD)$${dir} test-print; done
+
+ALL_CLEAN_SUBDIRS = $(addsuffix /clean,config $(EM_DIRS) doc $(TEST_DIRS))
+.PHONY: $(ALL_CLEAN_SUBDIRS) miniapps/clean
+miniapps/clean: $(addsuffix /clean,$(MINIAPP_DIRS))
+$(ALL_CLEAN_SUBDIRS):
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)$(@D) $(@F)
+
+clean: $(addsuffix /clean,$(EM_DIRS) $(TEST_DIRS))
+	rm -f $(addprefix $(BLD),$(foreach d,$(DIRS),$(d)/*.o))
+	rm -f $(addprefix $(BLD),$(foreach d,$(DIRS),$(d)/*~))
+	rm -rf $(addprefix $(BLD),*~ libmfem.* deps.mk)
+
+distclean: clean config/clean doc/clean
+	rm -rf mfem/
+
+INSTALL_SHARED_LIB = $(MFEM_CXX) $(MFEM_LINK_FLAGS) $(INSTALL_SOFLAGS)\
+   $(OBJECT_FILES) $(EXT_LIBS) -o $(PREFIX_LIB)/libmfem.$(SO_VER) && \
+   cd $(PREFIX_LIB) && ln -sf libmfem.$(SO_VER) libmfem.$(SO_EXT)
+
+install: $(if $(static),$(BLD)libmfem.a) $(if $(shared),$(BLD)libmfem.$(SO_EXT))
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_LIB)
+# install static and/or shared library
+	$(if $(static),$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(BLD)libmfem.a $(PREFIX_LIB))
+	$(if $(shared),$(INSTALL_SHARED_LIB))
+# install top level includes
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)mfem.hpp $(SRC)mfem-performance.hpp \
+	   $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem
+	for hdr in mfem.hpp mfem-performance.hpp; do \
+	   printf '// Auto-generated file.\n#include "mfem/'$$hdr'"\n' \
+	      > $(PREFIX_INC)/$$hdr && chmod 640 $(PREFIX_INC)/$$hdr; done
+# install config include
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/config
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(BLD)config/_config.hpp $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/config/config.hpp
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)config/tconfig.hpp $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/config
+# install remaining includes in each subdirectory
+	for dir in $(DIRS); do \
+	   mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/$$dir && \
+	   $(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)$$dir/*.hpp $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/$$dir; \
+	done
+# install *.okl files
+	for dir in $(OKL_DIRS); do \
+	   mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/$$dir && \
+	   $(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)$$dir/*.okl $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/$$dir; \
+	done
+# install libCEED q-function headers
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/mass
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)fem/ceed/integrators/mass/*.h $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/mass
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/convection
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)fem/ceed/integrators/convection/*.h $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/convection
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/diffusion
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)fem/ceed/integrators/diffusion/*.h $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/diffusion
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/nlconvection
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)fem/ceed/integrators/nlconvection/*.h $(PREFIX_INC)/mfem/fem/ceed/integrators/nlconvection
+# install config.mk in $(PREFIX_SHARE)
+	mkdir -p $(PREFIX_SHARE)
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)config config-mk CONFIG_MK=config-install.mk
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(BLD)config/config-install.mk $(PREFIX_SHARE)/config.mk
+	rm -f $(BLD)config/config-install.mk
+# install test.mk in $(PREFIX_SHARE)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 640 $(SRC)config/test.mk $(PREFIX_SHARE)/test.mk
+
+$(CONFIG_MK):
+# Skip the error message when '-B' make flag is used (unconditionally
+# make all targets), but still check for the $(CONFIG_MK) file
+ifeq (,$(and $(findstring B,$(MAKEFLAGS)),$(wildcard $(CONFIG_MK))))
+	$(info )
+	$(info MFEM is not configured.)
+	$(info Run "make config" first, or see "make help".)
+	$(info )
+	$(error )
+endif
+
+config: $(if $(CONFIG_FILE_DEF),build-config,local-config)
+
+.PHONY: local-config
+local-config:
+	$(MAKE) -C config all
+	@printf "\nBuild destination: <source> [$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)]\n\n"
+
+.PHONY: build-config
+build-config:
+	for d in $(BUILD_SUBDIRS); do mkdir -p $(BLD)$${d}; done
+	for dir in "" $(addsuffix /,config $(EM_DIRS) doc $(TEST_DIRS)); do \
+	   printf "# Auto-generated file.\n%s\n%s\n" \
+	      "MFEM_DIR = $(MFEM_REAL_DIR)" \
+	      "include \$$(MFEM_DIR)/$${dir}makefile" \
+	      > $(BLD)$${dir}GNUmakefile; done
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BLD)config all
+	cd "$(BUILD_DIR)" && ln -sf "$(MFEM_REAL_DIR)/data" .
+	for hdr in mfem.hpp mfem-performance.hpp; do \
+	   printf "// Auto-generated file.\n%s\n%s\n" \
+	   "#define MFEM_CONFIG_FILE \"$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)/config/_config.hpp\"" \
+	   "#include \"$(MFEM_REAL_DIR)/$${hdr}\"" > $(BLD)$${hdr}; done
+	@printf "\nBuild destination: $(BUILD_DIR) [$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)]\n\n"
+
+help:
+	$(info $(value MFEM_HELP_MSG))
+	@true
+
+status info:
+	$(info MFEM_VERSION           = $(MFEM_VERSION) [v$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING)])
+	$(info MFEM_GIT_STRING        = $(MFEM_GIT_STRING))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MPI           = $(MFEM_USE_MPI))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_METIS         = $(MFEM_USE_METIS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_METIS_5       = $(MFEM_USE_METIS_5))
+	$(info MFEM_DEBUG             = $(MFEM_DEBUG))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS    = $(MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_ZLIB          = $(MFEM_USE_ZLIB))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND     = $(MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_LAPACK        = $(MFEM_USE_LAPACK))
+	$(info MFEM_THREAD_SAFE       = $(MFEM_THREAD_SAFE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = $(MFEM_USE_OPENMP))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = $(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = $(MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC))
+	$(info MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(MFEM_TIMER_TYPE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = $(MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = $(MFEM_USE_MESQUITE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = $(MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = $(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MUMPS         = $(MFEM_USE_MUMPS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK     = $(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = $(MFEM_USE_GINKGO))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_AMGX          = $(MFEM_USE_AMGX))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = $(MFEM_USE_GNUTLS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = $(MFEM_USE_NETCDF))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_PETSC         = $(MFEM_USE_PETSC))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = $(MFEM_USE_SLEPC))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MPFR          = $(MFEM_USE_MPFR))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = $(MFEM_USE_SIDRE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_FMS           = $(MFEM_USE_FMS))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = $(MFEM_USE_CONDUIT))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_PUMI          = $(MFEM_USE_PUMI))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_HIOP          = $(MFEM_USE_HIOP))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_GSLIB         = $(MFEM_USE_GSLIB))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_CUDA          = $(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_HIP           = $(MFEM_USE_HIP))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_RAJA          = $(MFEM_USE_RAJA))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_OCCA          = $(MFEM_USE_OCCA))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_CALIPER       = $(MFEM_USE_CALIPER))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_ALGOIM        = $(MFEM_USE_ALGOIM))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_CEED          = $(MFEM_USE_CEED))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = $(MFEM_USE_UMPIRE))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_SIMD          = $(MFEM_USE_SIMD))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = $(MFEM_USE_ADIOS2))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO  = $(MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH     = $(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD     = $(MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_CODIPACK      = $(MFEM_USE_CODIPACK))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK     = $(MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_PARELAG       = $(MFEM_USE_PARELAG))
+	$(info MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = $(MFEM_USE_ENZYME))
+	$(info MFEM_CXX               = $(value MFEM_CXX))
+	$(info MFEM_HOST_CXX          = $(value MFEM_HOST_CXX))
+	$(info MFEM_CPPFLAGS          = $(value MFEM_CPPFLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_CXXFLAGS          = $(value MFEM_CXXFLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_TPLFLAGS          = $(value MFEM_TPLFLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_INCFLAGS          = $(value MFEM_INCFLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_FLAGS             = $(value MFEM_FLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_LINK_FLAGS        = $(value MFEM_LINK_FLAGS))
+	$(info MFEM_EXT_LIBS          = $(value MFEM_EXT_LIBS))
+	$(info MFEM_LIBS              = $(value MFEM_LIBS))
+	$(info MFEM_LIB_FILE          = $(value MFEM_LIB_FILE))
+	$(info MFEM_BUILD_TAG         = $(value MFEM_BUILD_TAG))
+	$(info MFEM_PREFIX            = $(value MFEM_PREFIX))
+	$(info MFEM_INC_DIR           = $(value MFEM_INC_DIR))
+	$(info MFEM_LIB_DIR           = $(value MFEM_LIB_DIR))
+	$(info MFEM_STATIC            = $(MFEM_STATIC))
+	$(info MFEM_SHARED            = $(MFEM_SHARED))
+	$(info MFEM_BUILD_DIR         = $(MFEM_BUILD_DIR))
+	$(info MFEM_MPIEXEC           = $(MFEM_MPIEXEC))
+	$(info MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP        = $(MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP))
+	$(info MFEM_MPI_NP            = $(MFEM_MPI_NP))
+	@true
+
+ASTYLE_BIN = astyle
+ASTYLE = $(ASTYLE_BIN) --options=$(SRC)config/mfem.astylerc
+ASTYLE_VER = "Artistic Style Version 3.1"
+FORMAT_FILES = $(foreach dir,$(DIRS) $(EM_DIRS) config,$(dir)/*.?pp)
+FORMAT_FILES += tests/unit/*.?pp
+UNIT_TESTS_SUBDIRS = general linalg mesh fem miniapps ceed
+FORMAT_FILES += $(foreach dir,$(UNIT_TESTS_SUBDIRS),tests/unit/$(dir)/*.?pp)
+FORMAT_EXCLUDE = general/tinyxml2.cpp tests/unit/catch.hpp
+FORMAT_LIST = $(filter-out $(FORMAT_EXCLUDE),$(wildcard $(FORMAT_FILES)))
+
+COUT_CERR_FILES = $(foreach dir,$(DIRS),$(dir)/*.[ch]pp)
+COUT_CERR_EXCLUDE = '^general/error\.cpp' '^general/globals\.[ch]pp'
+
+DEPRECATION_WARNING := \
+"This feature is planned for removal in the next release."\
+"Please open an issue at github.com/mfem/mfem/issues if you depend on it."
+deprecation-warnings:
+	@if [ -t 1 ]; then\
+	   red="\033[0;31m"; yellow="\033[0;33m"; end="\033[0m";\
+	 fi;\
+	if [ $(MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP) = YES ]; then\
+	  printf $$red"[MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP]"$$end": "$$yellow"%s"$$end"\n"\
+	  $(DEPRECATION_WARNING);\
+	fi
+
+# $(call mfem_check_command, command-to-execute, success_msg, failed_msg)
+mfem_check_command = \
+  if [ -t 1 ]; then red="\033[0;31m"; green="\033[0;32m"; end="\033[0m"; fi;\
+  if ! $(1); then\
+    printf $$green"%s"$$end"\n" "[  OK  ] "$(strip $(2));\
+  else\
+    printf $$red"%s"$$end"\n"   "[FAILED] "$(strip $(3)); err_code=1;\
+  fi
+
+# Verify the C++ code styling in MFEM and check that std::cout and std::cerr are
+# not used in the library (use mfem::out and mfem::err instead).
+style:
+	@echo "Applying C++ code style..."
+	@astyle_version="$$($(ASTYLE_BIN) --version)";\
+	 if [ "$$astyle_version" != $(ASTYLE_VER) ]; then\
+	    printf "%s\n" "Invalid astyle version: '$$astyle_version'"\
+	           "Please use: '"$(ASTYLE_VER)"'";\
+	    exit 1;\
+	 fi
+	@err_code=0;\
+	$(call mfem_check_command,\
+	    $(ASTYLE) $(FORMAT_LIST) | grep Formatted,\
+	    "No source files were changed",\
+	    "Please make sure the changes are committed");\
+	echo "Checking for use of std::cout...";\
+	$(call mfem_check_command,\
+	   grep cout $(COUT_CERR_FILES) | grep -v $(COUT_CERR_EXCLUDE:%=-e %),\
+	   "No use of std::cout found", "Use mfem::out instead of std::cout");\
+	echo "Checking for use of std::cerr...";\
+	$(call mfem_check_command,\
+	   grep cerr $(COUT_CERR_FILES) |\
+	      grep -v $(COUT_CERR_EXCLUDE:%=-e %) -e cerrno,\
+	   "No use of std::cerr found", "Use mfem::err instead of std::cerr");\
+	exit $$err_code
+
+# Generate a TAGS table in $MFEM_DIR from all the tracked files
+.PHONY: tags
+tags:
+ifndef ETAGS_BIN
+	$(error Error could not find suitable 'etags', please install one \
+	using your package manager)
+else ifndef EGREP_BIN
+	$(error Error could not find suitable 'egrep', please install one \
+	using your package manager)
+endif
+	$(eval MFEM_TRACKED_SOURCE = $(shell git -C $(MFEM_REAL_DIR) ls-files |\
+	$(EGREP_BIN) '(\.[hc](pp)?)$$'))
+	@cd $(MFEM_REAL_DIR) && $(ETAGS_BIN) --class-qualify \
+	--declarations -o $(MFEM_REAL_DIR)/TAGS $(MFEM_TRACKED_SOURCE)
+
+# Creates symlinks to the hooks in the `.git/hooks` directory. Individual
+# hooks can be enabled by manually creating symlinks. Hooks can be customized
+# using hard copies (trading off with automated updates).
+.PHONY: hooks
+hooks:
+	@cd $(MFEM_DIR)/.git/hooks && \
+	ln -s ../../config/githooks/pre-commit pre-commit; \
+	ln -s ../../config/githooks/pre-push pre-push;
+
+# Print the contents of a makefile variable, e.g.: 'make print-MFEM_LIBS'.
+print-%:
+	$(info [ variable name]: $*)
+	$(info [        origin]: $(origin $*))
+	$(info [         value]: $(value $*))
+	$(info [expanded value]: $($*))
+	$(info )
+	@true
+
+# Print the contents of all makefile variables.
+.PHONY: printall
+printall: $(subst :,\:,$(foreach var,$(.VARIABLES),print-$(var)))
+	@true