//                                MFEM Example 4
//
// Compile with: make ex4
//
// Sample runs:  ex4 -m ../data/square-disc.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/star.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/beam-tet.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -o 2 -pa
//               ex4 -m ../data/escher.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/fichera.mesh -o 2 -hb
//               ex4 -m ../data/fichera-q2.vtk
//               ex4 -m ../data/fichera-q3.mesh -o 2 -sc
//               ex4 -m ../data/square-disc-nurbs.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/beam-hex-nurbs.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/periodic-square.mesh -no-bc
//               ex4 -m ../data/periodic-cube.mesh -no-bc
//               ex4 -m ../data/amr-quad.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/amr-hex.mesh
//               ex4 -m ../data/amr-hex.mesh -o 2 -hb
//               ex4 -m ../data/fichera-amr.mesh -o 2 -sc
//               ex4 -m ../data/ref-prism.mesh -o 1
//               ex4 -m ../data/octahedron.mesh -o 1
//               ex4 -m ../data/star-surf.mesh -o 1
//
// Device sample runs:
//               ex4 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d cuda
//               ex4 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d raja-cuda
//               ex4 -m ../data/star.mesh -pa -d raja-omp
//               ex4 -m ../data/beam-hex.mesh -pa -d cuda
//
// Description:  This example code solves a simple 2D/3D H(div) diffusion
//               problem corresponding to the second order definite equation
//               -grad(alpha div F) + beta F = f with boundary condition F dot n
//               = <given normal field>. Here, we use a given exact solution F
//               and compute the corresponding r.h.s. f.  We discretize with
//               Raviart-Thomas finite elements.
//
//               The example demonstrates the use of H(div) finite element
//               spaces with the grad-div and H(div) vector finite element mass
//               bilinear form, as well as the computation of discretization
//               error when the exact solution is known. Bilinear form
//               hybridization and static condensation are also illustrated.
//
//               We recommend viewing examples 1-3 before viewing this example.

#include "mfem.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace mfem;

// Exact solution, F, and r.h.s., f. See below for implementation.
void F_exact(const Vector &, Vector &);
void f_exact(const Vector &, Vector &);
real_t freq = 1.0, kappa;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   // 1. Parse command-line options.
   const char *mesh_file = "../data/star.mesh";
   int order = 1;
   bool set_bc = true;
   bool static_cond = false;
   bool hybridization = false;
   bool pa = false;
   const char *device_config = "cpu";
   bool visualization = 1;

   OptionsParser args(argc, argv);
   args.AddOption(&mesh_file, "-m", "--mesh",
                  "Mesh file to use.");
   args.AddOption(&order, "-o", "--order",
                  "Finite element order (polynomial degree).");
   args.AddOption(&set_bc, "-bc", "--impose-bc", "-no-bc", "--dont-impose-bc",
                  "Impose or not essential boundary conditions.");
   args.AddOption(&freq, "-f", "--frequency", "Set the frequency for the exact"
                  " solution.");
   args.AddOption(&static_cond, "-sc", "--static-condensation", "-no-sc",
                  "--no-static-condensation", "Enable static condensation.");
   args.AddOption(&hybridization, "-hb", "--hybridization", "-no-hb",
                  "--no-hybridization", "Enable hybridization.");
   args.AddOption(&pa, "-pa", "--partial-assembly", "-no-pa",
                  "--no-partial-assembly", "Enable Partial Assembly.");
   args.AddOption(&device_config, "-d", "--device",
                  "Device configuration string, see Device::Configure().");
   args.AddOption(&visualization, "-vis", "--visualization", "-no-vis",
                  "--no-visualization",
                  "Enable or disable GLVis visualization.");
   args.Parse();
   if (!args.Good())
   {
      args.PrintUsage(cout);
      return 1;
   }
   args.PrintOptions(cout);
   kappa = freq * M_PI;

   // 2. Enable hardware devices such as GPUs, and programming models such as
   //    CUDA, OCCA, RAJA and OpenMP based on command line options.
   Device device(device_config);
   device.Print();

   // 3. Read the mesh from the given mesh file. We can handle triangular,
   //    quadrilateral, tetrahedral, hexahedral, surface and volume, as well as
   //    periodic meshes with the same code.
   Mesh *mesh = new Mesh(mesh_file, 1, 1);
   int dim = mesh->Dimension();
   int sdim = mesh->SpaceDimension();

   // 4. Refine the mesh to increase the resolution. In this example we do
   //    'ref_levels' of uniform refinement. We choose 'ref_levels' to be the
   //    largest number that gives a final mesh with no more than 25,000
   //    elements.
   {
      int ref_levels =
         (int)floor(log(25000./mesh->GetNE())/log(2.)/dim);
      for (int l = 0; l < ref_levels; l++)
      {
         mesh->UniformRefinement();
      }
   }

   // 5. Define a finite element space on the mesh. Here we use the
   //    Raviart-Thomas finite elements of the specified order.
   FiniteElementCollection *fec = new RT_FECollection(order-1, dim);
   FiniteElementSpace *fespace = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh, fec);
   cout << "Number of finite element unknowns: "
        << fespace->GetTrueVSize() << endl;

   // 6. Determine the list of true (i.e. conforming) essential boundary dofs.
   //    In this example, the boundary conditions are defined by marking all
   //    the boundary attributes from the mesh as essential (Dirichlet) and
   //    converting them to a list of true dofs.
   Array<int> ess_tdof_list;
   if (mesh->bdr_attributes.Size())
   {
      Array<int> ess_bdr(mesh->bdr_attributes.Max());
      ess_bdr = set_bc ? 1 : 0;
      fespace->GetEssentialTrueDofs(ess_bdr, ess_tdof_list);
   }

   // 7. Set up the linear form b(.) which corresponds to the right-hand side
   //    of the FEM linear system, which in this case is (f,phi_i) where f is
   //    given by the function f_exact and phi_i are the basis functions in the
   //    finite element fespace.
   VectorFunctionCoefficient f(sdim, f_exact);
   LinearForm *b = new LinearForm(fespace);
   b->AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEDomainLFIntegrator(f));
   b->Assemble();

   // 8. Define the solution vector x as a finite element grid function
   //    corresponding to fespace. Initialize x by projecting the exact
   //    solution. Note that only values from the boundary faces will be used
   //    when eliminating the non-homogeneous boundary condition to modify the
   //    r.h.s. vector b.
   GridFunction x(fespace);
   VectorFunctionCoefficient F(sdim, F_exact);
   x.ProjectCoefficient(F);

   // 9. Set up the bilinear form corresponding to the H(div) diffusion operator
   //    grad alpha div + beta I, by adding the div-div and the mass domain
   //    integrators.
   Coefficient *alpha = new ConstantCoefficient(1.0);
   Coefficient *beta  = new ConstantCoefficient(1.0);
   BilinearForm *a = new BilinearForm(fespace);
   if (pa) { a->SetAssemblyLevel(AssemblyLevel::PARTIAL); }
   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new DivDivIntegrator(*alpha));
   a->AddDomainIntegrator(new VectorFEMassIntegrator(*beta));

   // 10. Assemble the bilinear form and the corresponding linear system,
   //    applying any necessary transformations such as: eliminating boundary
   //    conditions, applying conforming constraints for non-conforming AMR,
   //    static condensation, hybridization, etc.
   FiniteElementCollection *hfec = NULL;
   FiniteElementSpace *hfes = NULL;
   if (static_cond)
   {
      a->EnableStaticCondensation();
   }
   else if (hybridization)
   {
      hfec = new DG_Interface_FECollection(order-1, dim);
      hfes = new FiniteElementSpace(mesh, hfec);
      a->EnableHybridization(hfes, new NormalTraceJumpIntegrator(),
                             ess_tdof_list);
   }
   a->Assemble();

   OperatorPtr A;
   Vector B, X;
   a->FormLinearSystem(ess_tdof_list, x, *b, A, X, B);

   cout << "Size of linear system: " << A->Height() << endl;

   // 11. Solve the linear system A X = B.
   if (!pa)
   {
#ifndef MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE
      // Use a simple symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner with PCG.
      GSSmoother M((SparseMatrix&)(*A));
      PCG(*A, M, B, X, 1, 10000, 1e-20, 0.0);
#else
      // If MFEM was compiled with SuiteSparse, use UMFPACK to solve the system.
      UMFPackSolver umf_solver;
      umf_solver.Control[UMFPACK_ORDERING] = UMFPACK_ORDERING_METIS;
      umf_solver.SetOperator(*A);
      umf_solver.Mult(B, X);
#endif
   }
   else // Jacobi preconditioning in partial assembly mode
   {
      if (UsesTensorBasis(*fespace))
      {
         OperatorJacobiSmoother M(*a, ess_tdof_list);
         PCG(*A, M, B, X, 1, 10000, 1e-20, 0.0);
      }
      else
      {
         CG(*A, B, X, 1, 10000, 1e-20, 0.0);
      }
   }

   // 12. Recover the solution as a finite element grid function.
   a->RecoverFEMSolution(X, *b, x);

   // 13. Compute and print the L^2 norm of the error.
   cout << "\n|| F_h - F ||_{L^2} = " << x.ComputeL2Error(F) << '\n' << endl;

   // 14. Save the refined mesh and the solution. This output can be viewed
   //     later using GLVis: "glvis -m refined.mesh -g sol.gf".
   {
      ofstream mesh_ofs("refined.mesh");
      mesh_ofs.precision(8);
      mesh->Print(mesh_ofs);
      ofstream sol_ofs("sol.gf");
      sol_ofs.precision(8);
      x.Save(sol_ofs);
   }

   // 15. Send the solution by socket to a GLVis server.
   if (visualization)
   {
      char vishost[] = "localhost";
      int  visport   = 19916;
      socketstream sol_sock(vishost, visport);
      sol_sock.precision(8);
      sol_sock << "solution\n" << *mesh << x << flush;
   }

   // 16. Free the used memory.
   delete hfes;
   delete hfec;
   delete a;
   delete alpha;
   delete beta;
   delete b;
   delete fespace;
   delete fec;
   delete mesh;

   return 0;
}


// The exact solution (for non-surface meshes)
void F_exact(const Vector &p, Vector &F)
{
   int dim = p.Size();

   real_t x = p(0);
   real_t y = p(1);
   // real_t z = (dim == 3) ? p(2) : 0.0; // Uncomment if F is changed to depend on z

   F(0) = cos(kappa*x)*sin(kappa*y);
   F(1) = cos(kappa*y)*sin(kappa*x);
   if (dim == 3)
   {
      F(2) = 0.0;
   }
}

// The right hand side
void f_exact(const Vector &p, Vector &f)
{
   int dim = p.Size();

   real_t x = p(0);
   real_t y = p(1);
   // real_t z = (dim == 3) ? p(2) : 0.0; // Uncomment if f is changed to depend on z

   real_t temp = 1 + 2*kappa*kappa;

   f(0) = temp*cos(kappa*x)*sin(kappa*y);
   f(1) = temp*cos(kappa*y)*sin(kappa*x);
   if (dim == 3)
   {
      f(2) = 0;
   }
}