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<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Brent B. Welch">
<TITLE>MH & nmh: Binding User Interface</TITLE>
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<H1>Binding User Interface</H1>
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<P>
A number of keystroke bindings, already defined by
<I>exmh</I>, invoke different Tcl commands.
You can change the bindings and add bindings for new commands
via the Bind dialog.
Open the dialog from the <I>Commands</I> menu entry under the Bindings menu.
The dialog presents two columns of commands and their bindings,
plus an area at the top to define a new binding.
<A NAME="index2"></A>
<P>
<B>Binding Syntax</B>.
Here is a brief summary of the Tk bind syntax.
To get the complete story,
consult the Tk manual page for the <I>bind</I> command.
The Tk syntax for the bindings events is:
<PRE>
<<I>modifier</I>-<I>type</I>-<I>detail</I>>
</PRE>
In that syntax,
<UL>
<LI>
A <I>modifier</I> is a key that you hold down while pressing another key.
The modifiers you are likely to use are
<TT>Control</TT>,
<TT>Shift</TT>, and
<TT>Meta</TT>.
Capitalization of these keywords is significant -- that is, uppercase and
lowercase letters are not equivalent.
<LI>
The <I>type</I> is the event type; it can be left out if
the detail part implies it.
The types you'll usually use are
<TT>Key</TT> and
<TT>Button</TT>.
<LI>
The <I>detail</I> specifies the key or button number for the event.
Keys are named by their X keysym.
For the letters and digits, the keysym is just the letter or digit, e.g.,
<TT><Key-a></TT>, which can be shortened to <TT><a></TT>.
For punctuation, however, the keysyms are words.
Some examples are
<TT><comma></TT>,
<TT><period></TT>,
<!-- some internationalization problems; I'd like to skip: \f(CW<dollar>\fP, -->
<TT><asciicircum></TT>,
<TT><question></TT>, and
<TT><exclam></TT>.
Again, the Key type is omitted.
<LI>
The capitalization used with the modifiers, types, and keysyms
is significant.
Watch out for keysyms like <TT>BackSpace</TT>!
</UL>
Perhaps the easiest way to figure out the keysym is to use the
following Tcl/Tk command.
Run the Tcl/Tk shell, <I>wish</I>, and enter the command shown in
<A HREF="#FiXKey">the next Example</A>.
A little window will open.
Type characters into that window, and you'll see keysym information
underneath the <I>wish</I> command line.
<P>
In the example below, after starting <I>wish</I> and typing the <TT>bind</TT>
command, I moved the mouse to the little window.
I pressed and held down the left <Shift> key,
pressed the <g> key and the <dollar> key,
released the <Shift> key, and pressed the <q> key.
I moved the mouse back to the shell window and typed <Control-d>
to quit <I>wish</I>.
<P>
<A NAME="FiXKey"><EM>Example: Finding an X keysym</EM></A><BR>
<PRE>
unix$ <B>wish</B>
% <B>bind . <Any-Key> {puts stdout "keysym = %K letter = %A"}</B>
% keysym = Shift_L letter =
keysym = G letter = G
keysym = dollar letter = $
keysym = q letter = q
CTRL-D
unix$
</PRE>
<P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
[<A HREF="tocs/jump.htm">Table of Contents</A>] [<A HREF="indexes/map.htm">Index</A>]
[<A HREF="presec.htm">Previous: Preference Sections</A>]
[<A HREF="mhprof.htm">Next: MH Profile</A>]
</P>
<HR>
(This section was written by Brent Welch.)<BR>
<EM>Last change $Date: 1999/10/10 05:14:05 $</EM>
<P>
This file is from the third edition of the book <I>MH & xmh: Email
for Users & Programmers</I>, ISBN 1-56592-093-7, by Jerry Peek.
Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1995 by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
This file is freely available; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation. For more information, see
<A HREF="../copying.htm">the file <I>copying.htm</I></A>.
<P>
<ADDRESS>
Suggestions are welcome:
<A HREF="http://www.beedub.com/exmh/">Brent Welch</A>
<A HREF="mailto:welch@acm.org"><welch@acm.org></A>
</ADDRESS>
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