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<title>Ranges - The MH-E Manual</title>
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<h3 class="section">4.2 Ranges</h3>
<!-- Sync with mh-folder-mode docstring. -->
<p><a name="index-message-abbreviations-235"></a><a name="index-message-ranges-236"></a><a name="index-ranges-237"></a>
Many commands that operate on individual messages, such as
<code>mh-forward</code> or <code>mh-refile-msg</code> take a <code>RANGE</code>
argument. This argument can be used in several ways.
<p><a name="index-C_002du_002c-with-ranges-238"></a>
If you provide the prefix argument <kbd>C-u</kbd> to these commands, then
you will be prompted for the message range. This can be any valid MH
range which can include messages, sequences (see <a href="Sequences.html#Sequences">Sequences</a>), and
the abbreviations (described in the <samp><span class="command">mh</span></samp>(1) man page):
<dl>
<dt>`<samp><span class="samp"><num1>-<num2></span></samp>'<dd>Indicates all messages in the range <num1> to <num2>, inclusive. The
range must be nonempty.
<!-- -->
<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp"><num>:N</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp"><num>:+N</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp"><num>:-N</span></samp>'<dd>Up to N messages beginning with (or ending with) message num. Num may
be any of the predefined symbols: first, prev, cur, next or last.
<!-- -->
<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">first:N</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">prev:N</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">next:N</span></samp>'<dt>`<samp><span class="samp">last:N</span></samp>'<dd>The first, previous, next or last messages, if they exist.
<!-- -->
<br><dt>`<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>'<dd>All of the messages.
</dl>
<p>For example, a range that shows all of these things is `<samp><span class="samp">1 2 3
5-10 last:5 unseen</span></samp>'.
<p><a name="index-transient_002dmark_002dmode-239"></a>
If the option <code>transient-mark-mode</code> is turned on and you set a
region in the MH-Folder buffer, then the MH-E command will perform the
operation on all messages in that region.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bmh_002drange_007d-customization-group-240"></a><a name="index-customization-group_002c-_0040samp_007bmh_002drange_007d-241"></a>
The `<samp><span class="samp">mh-range</span></samp>' customization group contains a single option which
affects how ranges are interpreted.
<dl>
<dt><code>mh-interpret-number-as-range-flag</code><a name="index-mh_002dinterpret_002dnumber_002das_002drange_002dflag-242"></a><dd>On means interpret a number as a range (default: `<samp><span class="samp">on</span></samp>').
</dl>
<p><a name="index-mh_002dinterpret_002dnumber_002das_002drange_002dflag-243"></a>
Since one of the most frequent ranges used is `<samp><span class="samp">last:N</span></samp>', MH-E will
interpret input such as `<samp><span class="samp">200</span></samp>' as `<samp><span class="samp">last:200</span></samp>' if the
<code>mh-interpret-number-as-range-flag</code> option is on (which is the
default). If you need to scan just the message 200, then use the range
`<samp><span class="samp">200:1</span></samp>' or `<samp><span class="samp">200-200</span></samp>'.
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