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<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Searching - The MH-E Manual</title>
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<h2 class="chapter">15 Searching Through Messages</h2>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bSearch_007d-menu-1670"></a><a name="index-menu_002c-_0040samp_007bSearch_007d-1671"></a><a name="index-searching-1672"></a><a name="index-mh_002dsearch-1673"></a><a name="index-F-s-1674"></a>
Earlier, the command <kbd>F s</kbd> (<code>mh-search</code>) was introduced which
helps you find messages that lie buried in your folders
(see <a href="Folders.html#Folders">Folders</a>). This chapter covers this command in more detail.
Several commands are used to compose the search criteria and to start
searching. A couple of them can be found in the `<samp><span class="samp">Search</span></samp>' menu.
<a name="index-C_002dc-_003f-1675"></a>
<a name="index-mh_002dhelp-1676"></a>
<dl><dt><kbd>C-c ?</kbd><dd>Display cheat sheet for the MH-E commands (<code>mh-help</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bSearch-_003e-Perform-Search_007d-menu-item-1677"></a><a name="index-menu-item_002c-_0040samp_007bSearch-_003e-Perform-Search_007d-1678"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002dc-1679"></a><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002ddo_002dsearch-1680"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-c</kbd><dd>Find messages using <code>mh-search-program</code>
(<code>mh-index-do-search</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bSearch-_003e-Search-with-pick_007d-menu-item-1681"></a><a name="index-menu-item_002c-_0040samp_007bSearch-_003e-Search-with-pick_007d-1682"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002dp-1683"></a><a name="index-mh_002dpick_002ddo_002dsearch-1684"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-p</kbd><dd>Find messages using <samp><span class="command">pick</span></samp> (<code>mh-pick-do-search</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-_003f-1685"></a><a name="index-mh_002dhelp-1686"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c ?</kbd><dd>Display cheat sheet for the MH-E commands (<code>mh-help</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002da-1687"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-a-1688"></a><a name="index-mh_002dto_002dfield-1689"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f a</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-a</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Mail-Reply-To:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002db-1690"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-b-1691"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f b</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-b</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Bcc:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dc-1692"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-c-1693"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f c</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-c</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Cc:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dd-1694"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-d-1695"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f d</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-d</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Dcc:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002df-1696"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-f-1697"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f f</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-f</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Fcc:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dl-1698"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-l-1699"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f l</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-l</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Mail-Followup-To:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dm-1700"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-m-1701"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f m</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-m</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">From:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dr-1702"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-r-1703"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f r</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-r</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Reply-To:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002ds-1704"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-s-1705"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f s</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-s</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">Subject:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dt-1706"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-t-1707"></a><br><dt><kbd>C-c C-f t</kbd><dt><kbd>C-c C-f C-t</kbd><dd>Move to `<samp><span class="samp">To:</span></samp>' header field (<code>mh-to-field</code>).
</dl>
<p>Another few commands are available in the MH-Folder buffer resulting
from a search.
<a name="index-g_t_0040key_007bTAB_007d-1708"></a>
<a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dnext_002dfolder-1709"></a>
<dl><dt><kbd><TAB></kbd><dd>Jump to the next folder marker (<code>mh-index-next-folder</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-S_002d_0040key_007bTAB_007d-1710"></a><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dprevious_002dfolder-1711"></a><br><dt><kbd>S-<TAB></kbd><dd>Jump to the previous folder marker (<code>mh-index-previous-folder</code>).
<!-- -->
<a name="index-v-1712"></a><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dvisit_002dfolder-1713"></a><br><dt><kbd>v</kbd><dd>Visit original folder from where the message at point was found
(<code>mh-index-visit-folder</code>).
</dl>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bmh_002dsearch_007d-customization-group-1714"></a><a name="index-customization-group_002c-_0040samp_007bmh_002dsearch_007d-1715"></a>
There is one option from the `<samp><span class="samp">mh-search</span></samp>' customization group used
in searching.
<dl>
<dt><code>mh-search-program</code><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dprogram-1716"></a><dd>Search program that MH-E shall use (default: `<samp><span class="samp">Auto-detect</span></samp>').
</dl>
<p>The following hook is available.
<dl>
<dt><code>mh-search-mode-hook</code><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dmode_002dhook-1717"></a><dd>Hook run upon entry to <code>mh-search-mode</code> (default: <code>nil</code>).
</dl>
<p>The following face is available.
<dl>
<dt><code>mh-search-folder</code><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dfolder-1718"></a><dd>Folder heading face in MH-Folder buffers created by searches.
</dl>
<p><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dfolder-1719"></a><a name="index-F-s-1720"></a>
The command <kbd>F s</kbd> (<code>mh-search-folder</code>) helps you find
messages in your entire corpus of mail. You can search for messages to
or from a particular person or about a particular subject. In fact,
you can also search for messages containing selected strings in any
arbitrary header field or any string found within the messages.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bpick_007d-1721"></a><a name="index-MH-commands_002c-_0040command_007bpick_007d-1722"></a>
Out of the box, MH-E uses <samp><span class="command">pick</span></samp> to find messages. With a
little extra effort, you can set an indexing program which rewards you
with extremely quick results. The drawback is that sometimes the index
does not contain the words you're looking for. You can still use
<samp><span class="command">pick</span></samp> in these situations.
<p>You are prompted for the folder to search. This can be `<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>' to
search all folders. Note that the search works recursively on the
listed folder.
<p><a name="index-MH_002dSearch-mode-1723"></a><a name="index-modes_002c-MH_002dSearch-1724"></a>
Next, an MH-Search buffer appears where you can enter search criteria.
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="smallexample"> From:
To:
Cc:
Date:
Subject:
--------
#
--:** search-pattern All L7 (MH-Search)---------------------------
Type C-c C-c to search messages, C-c C-p to use pick, C-c ? for help
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<i>Search window</i>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bpick_007d-1725"></a><a name="index-MH-commands_002c-_0040command_007bpick_007d-1726"></a>
Edit this template by entering your search criteria in an appropriate
header field that is already there, or create a new field yourself. If
the string you're looking for could be anywhere in a message, then
place the string underneath the row of dashes.
<p>As an example, let's say that we want to find messages from Ginnean
about horseback riding in the Kosciusko National Park (Australia)
during January, 1994. Normally we would start with a broad search and
narrow it down if necessary to produce a manageable amount of data,
but we'll cut to the chase and create a fairly restrictive set of
criteria as follows:
<pre class="smallexample"> From: ginnean
To:
Cc:
Date: Jan 1994
Subject:
--------
horse
kosciusko
</pre>
<p><a name="index-mh_002dto_002dfield-1727"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002df-C_002dt-1728"></a>
As with MH-Letter mode, MH-Search provides commands like <kbd>C-c C-f
C-t</kbd> (<code>mh-to-field</code>) to help you fill in the blanks.
See <a href="Editing-Message.html#Editing-Message">Editing Message</a>.
<p><a name="index-F-s-1729"></a><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dmode_002dhook-1730"></a>
If you find that you do the same thing over and over when editing the
search template, you may wish to bind some shortcuts to keys. This can
be done with the variable <code>mh-search-mode-hook</code>, which is called
when <kbd>F s</kbd> is run on a new pattern.
<p><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002ddo_002dsearch-1731"></a><a name="index-mh_002dpick_002ddo_002dsearch-1732"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002dc-1733"></a><a name="index-C_002dc-C_002dp-1734"></a>
To perform the search, type <kbd>C-c C-c</kbd> (<code>mh-index-do-search</code>).
Sometimes you're searching for text that is either not indexed, or
hasn't been indexed yet. In this case you can override the default
method with the pick method by running the command <kbd>C-c C-p</kbd>
(<code>mh-pick-do-search</code>).
<p><a name="index-folders_002c-_0040samp_007b_002bmhe_002dindex_007d-1735"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_002bmhe_002dindex_007d-1736"></a><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dnext_002dfolder-1737"></a><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dprevious_002dfolder-1738"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040key_007bTAB_007d-1739"></a><a name="index-S_002d_0040key_007bTAB_007d-1740"></a><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dfolder-1741"></a>
The messages that are found are put in a temporary sub-folder of
`<samp><span class="samp">+mhe-index</span></samp>' and are displayed in an MH-Folder buffer. This
buffer is special because it displays messages from multiple folders;
each set of messages from a given folder has a heading with the folder
name. The appearance of the heading can be modified by customizing the
face <code>mh-search-folder</code>. You can jump back and forth between the
headings using the commands <kbd><TAB></kbd>
(<code>mh-index-next-folder</code>) and <kbd>S-<TAB></kbd>
(<code>mh-index-previous-folder</code>).
<p><a name="index-mh_002dindex_002dvisit_002dfolder-1742"></a><a name="index-mh_002drescan_002dfolder-1743"></a><a name="index-F-r-1744"></a><a name="index-v-1745"></a>
In addition, the command <kbd>v</kbd> (<code>mh-index-visit-folder</code>) can be
used to visit the folder of the message at point. Initially, only the
messages that matched the search criteria are displayed in the folder.
While the temporary buffer has its own set of message numbers, the
actual messages numbers are shown in the visited folder. Thus, the
command <kbd>v</kbd> is useful to find the actual message number of an
interesting message, or to view surrounding messages with the command
<kbd>F r</kbd> <code>mh-rescan-folder</code>. See <a href="Folders.html#Folders">Folders</a>.
<p><a name="index-mh_002dkill_002dfolder-1746"></a><a name="index-F-k-1747"></a>
Because this folder is temporary, you'll probably get in the habit of
killing it when you're done with <kbd>F k</kbd> (<code>mh-kill-folder</code>).
See <a href="Folders.html#Folders">Folders</a>.
<p><a name="index-F-s-1748"></a>
You can regenerate the results by running <kbd>F s</kbd> with a prefix
argument.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bprocmail_007d-1749"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bprocmail_007d-1750"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bX_002dMHE_002dChecksum_003a_007d-header-field-1751"></a><a name="index-header-field_002c-_0040samp_007bX_002dMHE_002dChecksum_003a_007d-1752"></a>
Note: This command uses an `<samp><span class="samp">X-MHE-Checksum:</span></samp>' header field to
cache the MD5 checksum of a message. This means that if an incoming
message already contains an `<samp><span class="samp">X-MHE-Checksum:</span></samp>' field, that message
might not be found by this command. The following <samp><span class="command">procmail</span></samp>
recipe avoids this problem by renaming the existing header field:
<pre class="smallexample"> :0 wf
| formail -R "X-MHE-Checksum" "X-Old-MHE-Checksum"
</pre>
<p>See <a href="Limits.html#Limits">Limits</a>, for an alternative interface to searching.
<h3 class="section">15.1 Configuring Indexed Searches</h3>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bgrep_007d-1753"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bmairix_007d-1754"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bnamazu_007d-1755"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bpick_007d-1756"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bswish_002b_002b_007d-1757"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1758"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bgrep_007d-1759"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bmairix_007d-1760"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bnamazu_007d-1761"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bpick_007d-1762"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bswish_002b_002b_007d-1763"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1764"></a><a name="index-mh_002dsearch-1765"></a><a name="index-F-s-1766"></a><a name="index-mh_002dsearch_002dprogram-1767"></a>
The command <kbd>F s</kbd> (<code>mh-search</code>) runs the command defined by
the option <code>mh-search-program</code>. The default value is
`<samp><span class="samp">Auto-detect</span></samp>' which means that MH-E will automatically choose one
of <samp><span class="command">swish++</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">swish-e</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">mairix</span></samp>,
<samp><span class="command">namazu</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">pick</span></samp> and <samp><span class="command">grep</span></samp> in that order. If,
for example, you have both <samp><span class="command">swish++</span></samp> and <samp><span class="command">mairix</span></samp>
installed and you want to use <samp><span class="command">mairix</span></samp>, then you can set this
option to `<samp><span class="samp">mairix</span></samp>'.
<p>The following sub-sections describe how to set up the various indexing
programs to use with MH-E.
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.1 swish++</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bswish_002b_002b_007d-1768"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bswish_002b_002b_007d-1769"></a>
In the examples below, replace <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail</span></samp> with the path to
your MH directory.
<p>First create the directory <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.swish++</span></samp>. Then
create the file <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.swish++/swish++.conf</span></samp> with the
following contents:
<pre class="smallexample"> IncludeMeta Bcc Cc Comments Content-Description From Keywords
IncludeMeta Newsgroups Resent-To Subject To
IncludeMeta Message-Id References In-Reply-To
IncludeFile Mail *
IndexFile /home/user/Mail/.swish++/swish++.index
</pre>
<p>Use the following command line to generate the swish index. Run this
daily from cron:
<pre class="smallexample"> find /home/user/Mail -path /home/user/Mail/mhe-index -prune \
-o -path /home/user/Mail/.swish++ -prune \
-o -name "[0-9]*" -print \
| index -c /home/user/Mail/.swish++/swish++.conf -
</pre>
<p>This command does not index the folders that hold the results of your
searches in `<samp><span class="samp">+mhe-index</span></samp>' since they tend to be ephemeral and the
original messages are indexed anyway.
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bindex_007d-1770"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bindex_007d-1771"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bindex_002b_002b_007d-1772"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bindex_002b_002b_007d-1773"></a>
On some systems (Debian GNU/Linux, for example), use <samp><span class="command">index++</span></samp>
instead of <samp><span class="command">index</span></samp>.
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.2 swish</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1774"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1775"></a>
In the examples below, replace <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail</span></samp> with the path to
your MH directory.
<p>First create the directory <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.swish</span></samp>. Then create
the file <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.swish/config</span></samp> with the following
contents:
<pre class="smallexample"> DefaultContents TXT*
IndexDir /home/user/Mail
IndexFile /home/user/Mail/.swish/index
IndexName "Mail Index"
IndexDescription "Mail Index"
IndexPointer "http://nowhere"
IndexAdmin "nobody"
#MetaNames automatic
IndexReport 3
FollowSymLinks no
UseStemming no
IgnoreTotalWordCountWhenRanking yes
WordCharacters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-
BeginCharacters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
EndCharacters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789
IgnoreLimit 50 1000
IndexComments 0
FileRules filename contains \D
FileRules pathname contains /home/user/Mail/.swish
FileRules pathname contains /home/user/Mail/mhe-index
FileRules filename is index
</pre>
<p>This configuration does not index the folders that hold the results of
your searches in `<samp><span class="samp">+mhe-index</span></samp>' since they tend to be ephemeral and
the original messages are indexed anyway.
<p>If there are any directories you would like to ignore, append lines
like the following to <samp><span class="file">config</span></samp>:
<pre class="smallexample"> FileRules pathname contains /home/user/Mail/scripts
</pre>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1776"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bswish_002de_007d-1777"></a>
Use the following command line to generate the swish index. Run this
daily from cron:
<pre class="smallexample"> swish-e -c /home/user/Mail/.swish/config
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.3 mairix</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bmairix_007d-1778"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bmairix_007d-1779"></a>
In the examples below, replace <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail</span></samp> with the path to
your MH directory.
<p>First create the directory <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.mairix</span></samp>. Then create
the file <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.mairix/config</span></samp> with the following
contents:
<pre class="smallexample"> base=/home/user/Mail
# List of folders that should be indexed. 3 dots at the end means there
# are subfolders within the folder
mh=archive...:inbox:drafts:news:sent:trash
vfolder_format=raw
database=/home/user/Mail/mairix/database
</pre>
<p>Use the following command line to generate the mairix index. Run this daily
from cron:
<pre class="smallexample"> mairix -f /home/user/Mail/.mairix/config
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.4 namazu</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bnamazu_007d-1780"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bnamazu_007d-1781"></a>
In the examples below, replace <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail</span></samp> with the path to
your MH directory.
<p>First create the directory <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.namazu</span></samp>. Then create
the file <samp><span class="file">/home/user/Mail/.namazu/mknmzrc</span></samp> with the following
contents:
<pre class="smallexample"> package conf; # Don't remove this line!
$ADDRESS = 'user@localhost';
$ALLOW_FILE = "[0-9]*";
$EXCLUDE_PATH = "^/home/user/Mail/(mhe-index|spam)";
</pre>
<p>This configuration does not index the folders that hold the results of
your searches in `<samp><span class="samp">+mhe-index</span></samp>' since they tend to be ephemeral and
the original messages are indexed anyway.
<p>Use the following command line to generate the namazu index. Run this
daily from cron:
<pre class="smallexample"> mknmz -f /home/user/Mail/.namazu/mknmzrc -O /home/user/Mail/.namazu \
/home/user/Mail
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.5 pick</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bpick_007d-1782"></a><a name="index-MH-commands_002c-_0040command_007bpick_007d-1783"></a>
This search method does not require any setup.
<p>Read <samp><span class="command">pick</span></samp>(1) or the section
<a href="http://rand-mh.sourceforge.net/book/mh/finpic.html">Finding Messages with pick</a> in
the MH book to find out more about how to enter the criteria.
<h4 class="subsection">15.1.6 grep</h4>
<p><a name="index-g_t_0040command_007bgrep_007d-1784"></a><a name="index-Unix-commands_002c-_0040command_007bgrep_007d-1785"></a>
This search method does not require any setup.
<p>Unlike the other search methods, this method does not use the
MH-Search buffer. Instead, you simply enter a regular expression in
the minibuffer. For help in constructing regular expressions, see your
man page for <samp><span class="command">grep</span></samp>.
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