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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001600000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="chap-ornament"></A>
<BR>
Ornament
</H1>
<P>
Individual notes in various tracks can be embellished or ornamented by
using standard musical ``tricks'' like grace notes, mordents, etc.
This is specified with the O<SMALL>RNAMENT</SMALL> command. This command is
valid in C<SMALL>HORD</SMALL>, B<SMALL>ASS</SMALL>, W<SMALL>ALK</SMALL>, A<SMALL>RPEGGIO</SMALL> and
S<SMALL>CALE</SMALL> tracks. This command has a number of valid options, all
set in the OPTION=VALUE format. Following are the recognized options:
<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>Type</STRONG></DT>
<DD>This is the type of embellishment to use. Valid settings
are M<SMALL>ORDENT</SMALL>, T<SMALL>URN</SMALL>, T<SMALL>RILL</SMALL>, G<SMALL>RACE</SMALL>,
3A<SMALL>FTER</SMALL>, G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL><A NAME="tex2html67"
HREF="#foot8658"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> and G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL>A<SMALL>FTER</SMALL>.<A NAME="tex2html68"
HREF="#foot8580"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A> The effects are
best illustrated in standard notation:
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<IMG WIDTH="80%" SRC="mupex/ornaments.png" ALT="Lost Image">
</DIV>
<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
</DIV>
<P>
In the above illustrations each T<SMALL>YPE</SMALL> of ornament is show with
the P<SMALL>LACE</SMALL> option (see below) set to the default of
A<SMALL>BOVE</SMALL>. For a number of these you'll really want to use
P<SMALL>LACE=</SMALL>B<SMALL>ELOW</SMALL> for conventional results.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Chromatic</STRONG></DT>
<DD>By default, when selecting the additional notes to
use,
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> uses the scale list for the current chord. This ensures
that the added notes blend with the rest of the accompaniment. The
exception occurs when the initial note is part of a modified
pattern;<A NAME="tex2html69"
HREF="#foot8659"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A> in this case a chromatic note is
used.
<P>
The C<SMALL>HROMATIC</SMALL> option forces the use of chromatic notes. It is
set with C<SMALL>HROMATIC=</SMALL>O<SMALL>N</SMALL>. You can also use T<SMALL>RUE</SMALL> to
enable; O<SMALL>FF</SMALL> or F<SMALL>ALSE</SMALL> to disable.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Place</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Valid settings are A<SMALL>BOVE</SMALL>, B<SMALL>ELOW</SMALL>,
R<SMALL>ANDOM</SMALL>. The examples shown above are all with the default
option A<SMALL>BOVE</SMALL> in effect. Using the P<SMALL>LACE=</SMALL>B<SMALL>ELOW</SMALL> setting
moves the embellishments down below the note. The final option,
P<SMALL>LACE=</SMALL>R<SMALL>ANDOM</SMALL>, places the ornament randomly.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Count</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Used only in G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL> and G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL>A<SMALL>FTER</SMALL>
ornaments. This specifies how many notes are played in the
glissando. If you use short note durations or a large C<SMALL>OUNT</SMALL>
value
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> may truncate the value to give each ornament note a
duration of a single MIDI tick. By default C<SMALL>OUNT</SMALL> is set to 5.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Duration</STRONG></DT>
<DD>The time-slice ratio given to the main note and the
embellishment can be set with this option. By default the
embellishment is given 20% of the duration (the remaining 80%
going to the note). This is pretty straightforward to use, except
that in the T<SMALL>RILL</SMALL> setting this sets the number of pairs of
notes to use (for example, in T<SMALL>YPE=</SMALL>T<SMALL>RILL </SMALL>D<SMALL>URATION=25</SMALL> you will
get each note divided into 4 pairs). The A<SMALL>RTICULATE</SMALL> setting
will effect both the main note and the embellishments. When using
the 3A<SMALL>FTER</SMALL> setting a duration of 75 will set all 4 notes to
the same duration.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Pad</STRONG></DT>
<DD>This option adds (or subtracts) duration to both the
ornamented and main portion of the note(s). Optionally, you can set
2 values (a comma separated pair, e.g., P<SMALL>AD=10,20</SMALL>) which will
set different values for the main note and the ornamentation (in
that order). The value(s) are set as percentage value(s). The
default is to add 10% to each note. The placement (the start time)
of both notes is determined by the note duration specified in the
pattern; this option effects the ``overlay'' time. Judicious use of
this option will give the notes/ornamentation a more legato or
staccato feel. Both values must be in the range of -100 to 100.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Volume</STRONG></DT>
<DD>The relative volume (actually MIDI velocity) of the
embellishments defaults to 75% of the main note. You can make added
notes louder (V<SMALL>OLUME=150</SMALL>) or softer (V<SMALL>OLUME=50</SMALL>).
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Beats</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Set the offsets on which the embellishments will be
applied. Beats are specified in the same manner as pattern offsets
(<A HREF="node4.html#beat-offset">here</A>). The beats (offsets)
are a comma separated list:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Scale Ornament Beats=1,3.25,4 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
You can disable this setting (the default) with the special value
``All''.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Bars</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Limit the ornamentation to specified bars in the sequence.
This is a comma separated list. For example, if you have a 4 bar
sequence you could limit the ornamentation to the first and third
bars in the sequence with:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Arpeggio Ornament Type=Moderent Bars=1,3 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
To make life more interesting (and confusing) this can be combined
with the B<SMALL>EATS</SMALL> option, above. You can disable this setting
(the default) with the special value ``All''.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Rskip</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Skip a random number of ornamented notes. The setting
must be in the 0 to 100 range (with 0 turning the feature off and
100 skipping every event). R<SMALL>SKIP</SMALL> is only applied to events
permitted by the B<SMALL>EATS</SMALL> and B<SMALL>ARS</SMALL> options. Also, the
track setting for R<SMALL>SKIP</SMALL> is further applied to generated
notes.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Rvolume</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Applies randomization to the volume (velocity) of the
generated notes. The syntax for this is the same as the
R<SMALL>VOLUME</SMALL> command, described <A HREF="node19.html#rvolume">here</A>. Please note that if you have a R<SMALL>VOLUME</SMALL>
setting for this track, it will be applied to the ornament notes
already ``randomized''. The main use of this command is to apply a
random volume to the ornaments, but not the main note.
<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Offset</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Add in a further offset for the ornamented notes. The
main note is not effected. This can be used to insert additional
space between the ornament and actual note:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Walk Ornament Type=Grace Chromatic=On Offset=-20 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
The argument is the additional number of MIDI ticks to shift the
ornamentation. It must be in the range -194 to 194 (equivalent to a
quarter note).
<P>
</DD>
</DL>
<P>
For reference, here is a setting line which duplicates the defaults:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Type=NONE Chromatic=OFF Duration=20.0 Count=5 Pad=10.0,0
Offset=10.0 Volume=75.0 RVolume=0,0 Place=ABOVE Beats=ALL Rskip=0
Bars=ALL </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
To disable all ornamantations you can use an empty command or the
single keywords ``None'' or ``Off'':
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Scale Ornament
<BR>
Scale Ornament Off </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
There are a number of examples in the <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/ornament</SPAN></TT> directory.
<P>
Some points to note:
<UL>
<LI>If the H<SMALL>ARMONY</SMALL> setting is enabled, the O<SMALL>RNAMENT</SMALL>
options are applied only to the main note, not the harmony.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>In C<SMALL>HORD</SMALL> tracks <SPAN CLASS="textit">only</SPAN> the top (highest pitch) note
is ornamented.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Chords (ie, the main note plus any harmony notes) may be shifted
so that all the notes in the chord sound at the same time. Since
S<SMALL>TRUM</SMALL> is applied after the ornament is applied, you may still
get overlapping (and truncated) notes.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>The A<SMALL>RTICULATE</SMALL> setting <SPAN CLASS="textit">is</SPAN> applied to the
ornamented and original notes. In some cases this can lead to
overlaps or a gap between the notes.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>All options are reset to default when the O<SMALL>RNAMENT</SMALL>
command is encountered. It probably makes more sense this way than
only changing some ... certainly there should be less confusion.
If you want to change only one or two options you can do:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Chord Ornament $_Chord_Ornament Beats=1,3 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
in which case only the B<SMALL>EATS</SMALL> are modified.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>The duration of the ornament notes are determined by
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> ; you
can't set them. The duration is determined by the length of the main
note (derived from the pattern) and the D<SMALL>URATION</SMALL> setting.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>You <SPAN CLASS="textit">cannot</SPAN> set different ornaments for bar sequences,
only limit them with the B<SMALL>ARS</SMALL> option. If you need, for
example, an ornament in first bar, and a different one in the third,
simply make a copies of the track, set the sequence for the first
track's bars so that you have an empty first track; set the second
track's sequence to compliment and set the ornament,
etc.<A NAME="tex2html70"
HREF="#foot8660"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A>
<P>
</LI>
<LI>Empty option strings (e.g., B<SMALL>EATS=</SMALL> ) are not permitted.
<P>
</LI>
<LI>To copy setting between different tracks, you can do something like:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>Bass Ornament $_Walk_Ornament </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
There are some examples in the directory <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/ornament</SPAN></TT> which
illustrate many of these options.
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME="foot8658">...G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL></A><A
HREF="node16.html#tex2html67"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>In traditional music a start
note is given for a glissando. In
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> we just count back
C<SMALL>OUNT</SMALL> notes.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot8580">...G<SMALL>LISS</SMALL>A<SMALL>FTER</SMALL>.</A><A
HREF="node16.html#tex2html68"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>This might be
more correctly called a ``drop'' or ``fall''.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot8659">... pattern;</A><A
HREF="node16.html#tex2html69"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>This can occur in B<SMALL>ASS</SMALL> patterns which have
a <SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img3.png"
ALT="$ \sharp$"></SPAN> or <SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img1.png"
ALT="$ \flat$"></SPAN> modifier.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot8660">... etc.</A><A
HREF="node16.html#tex2html70"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">16</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>This is a deliberate departure from the normal
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT>
syntax. It's quite unlikely that you would want more that one
ornamentation setting in a sequence, but quite likely that you'd
only want a setting to be applied to a certain bar in the
sequence.
</DD>
</DL>
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<ADDRESS>
Bob van der Poel
2016-06-11
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