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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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<HEAD>
<TITLE>Running </TITLE>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html480"
HREF="node3.html">Tracks and Channels</A>
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
<LI><A NAME="tex2html481"
HREF="node2.html#SECTION00210000000000000000">Command Line Options</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html482"
HREF="node2.html#SECTION00220000000000000000">Lines and Spaces</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html483"
HREF="node2.html#SECTION00230000000000000000">Programming Comments</A>
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<HR>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00200000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="sec-running"></A>
<BR>
Running
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT>
</H1>
<P>
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> is a command line program. To run it, simply type the program
name followed by the required options. For example,
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>$ mma test </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
processes the file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">test</SPAN></TT><A NAME="tex2html12"
HREF="#foot900"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> and creates
the MIDI file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">test.mid</SPAN></TT>.
<P>
When
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> is finished it displays the name of the generated file, the
number of bars of music processed and an estimate of the song's
duration. Note:
<P>
<UL>
<LI>The duration is fairly accurate, but it does not
take into account any mid-bar <SMALL>TEMPO</SMALL> changes.
</LI>
<LI>The report shows <SPAN CLASS="textit">minutes</SPAN> and <SPAN CLASS="textit">hundredths</SPAN> of
minutes. This is done deliberately so that you can add a number of
times together. Converting the time to minutes and seconds is left
as an exercise for the user.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00210000000000000000">
Command Line Options</A>
</H1>
<P>
The following command line options are available:
<P>
<A NAME="cmd-summary"></A>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><SPAN CLASS="textit">Option</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><SPAN CLASS="textit">Description</SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=2><SPAN>
<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
<tr> <td>
<B>Debugging and other
aids to figuring out what's going on.
</td></tr>
</Table>
</B></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="b-option"></A> -b <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Range List</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Limit generation to specified range of
bars. The list of bar numbers is in the format N1-N2 or N1,N2,N3 or
any combination (N1-N2,N3,N4-N5). Only those bars in the specified
range will be compiled. The bar numbers refer to the ``comment'' bar
number at the start of a data line ... note that the comment
numbers will vary from the actual bar numbers of the generated
song.<A NAME="tex2html13"
HREF="#foot772"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-B <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Range List</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Same as -b (above), but here the bar
numbers refer to the absolute bar numbers in the generated file.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-c</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Display the tracks allocated and the MIDI channel
assignments after processing the input file. No output is
generated.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-d</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Enable LOTS of debugging messages. This option is mainly
designed for program development and may not be useful to users.<A NAME="tex2html14"
HREF="#foot904"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-e</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Show parsed/expanded lines. Since
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> does some
internal fiddling with input lines, you may find this option
useful in finding mismatched B<SMALL>EGIN</SMALL> blocks, etc.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-I <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Name</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Display a help or usage message for a plugin.
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will attempt to find and load the plugin <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Name</SPAN> and
display its usage message (a ``not found'' message will be displayed
if the plugin doesn't have a printUsage method).</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-II</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Ignore permission test for loading <SMALL>PLUGINS</SMALL>. Use of this
option is not recommended, but it can be quite useful
when writing and testing a plugin.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">A debug subset. This option forces the display of complete
filenames/paths as they are opened for reading. This can be
quite helpful in determining which library files are being used.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-p</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Display patterns as they are defined. The result of
this output is not exactly a duplicate of your original
definitions. Most notable are that the note duration is
listed in MIDI ticks, and symbolic drum note names are
listed with their numeric equivalents.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="running-r"></A> -r</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Display running progress. The bar numbers are displayed as they
are created complete with the original input line. Don't be confused
by multiple listing of ``*'' lines. For example the line
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>33 Cm
* 2 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
would be displayed as:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>88: 33 Cm *2
<BR>
89: 33 Cm *2 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
This makes perfect sense if you remember that the same line
was used to create both bars 88 and 89.
<P>
See the -L option, below for an alternate report.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="running-L"></A> -L</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">This command option will save the bar numbers
(<A HREF="node8.html#sect-barnumbers">here</A>) you supply at
the start of lines and print this as a list at the end of the
compile process. This is very handy if you have multiple repeats
and/or G<SMALL>OTO</SMALL>s and need to determine what you might have done
wrong. Lines without labels are displayed as ''?''.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-s</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Display sequence info during run. This shows the
expanded lists used in sequences. Useful if you have used
sequences shorter (or longer) than the current sequence
length.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-v</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Show program's version number and exit.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-w</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Disable warning messages.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=2><SPAN>
<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
<tr> <td>
<B>Commands which modify
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> 's behavior.
</td></tr>
</Table>
</B></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-0</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generate a synchronization tick at the start of every MIDI
track. Note that the option character is a ``zero'', not a ``O''. For
more details see S<SMALL>YNCHRONIZE</SMALL>, <A HREF="node29.html#synchronize">here</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-1</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Force all tracks to end at the same offset. Note that the
option character is a ``one'', not an ``L''. For more details see S<SMALL>YNCHRONIZE</SMALL>,
<A HREF="node29.html#synchronize">here</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-m <SPAN CLASS="textbf">BARS</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Set the maximum number of bars which can be generated.
The default setting is 500 bars (a long song!<A NAME="tex2html15"
HREF="#foot807"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A>). This setting is
needed since you can create infinite loops by improper use of the
<SMALL>GOTO</SMALL> command. If your song really is longer than 500 bars
use this option to increase the permitted size.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-M <SPAN CLASS="textbf">x</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generate type 0 or 1 MIDI files. The parameter ``x'' must be
set to the single digit ``0'' or ''1''. For more details, see the
M<SMALL>IDI</SMALL>SMF section <A HREF="node24.html#midismf">here</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-n</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Disable generation of MIDI output. This is useful
for doing a test run or to check for syntax errors in your script.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-P</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Play and delete MIDI file. Useful in testing, the generated
file will be played with the defined MIDI file player (see section
<A HREF="node32.html#midiplayer">here</A>). The file is created
in the current directory and has the name ``MMAtmpXXX.mid'' with
``XXX'' set to the current PID.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-S</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Set a macro. If a value is needed, join the value to the name
with a '='. For example:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>$ mma myfile -S tempo=120 </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
will process the file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">myfile.mma</SPAN></TT> with the variable $Tempo
set with the value ``120''. You need not specify a value:
<P>
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
<tr><td>
<B>$ mma myfile -S test </B>
</td></tr>
</Table>
<P>
just sets the variable $test with no value.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="t-option"></A> -T <SPAN CLASS="textbf">TRACKS</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generate <SPAN CLASS="textit">only</SPAN> data for the tracks specified. The
tracks argument is a list of comma separated track names. For
example, the command ``mma mysong -T drum-hh,chord'' will limit the
output to the Drum-HH and Chord tracks. This is useful in
separating tracks for multi-track recording.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-V</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Play a short audio preview of a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> in the
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT>
library. For complete details on this command see section
<A HREF="node32.html#groovepreview">here</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=2><SPAN>
<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
<tr> <td>
<B>Maintaining
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> 's database.
</td></tr>
</Table>
</B></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="g-option"></A>
<P>
-g</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Update the library database for the files in the
L<SMALL>IB</SMALL>P<SMALL>ATH</SMALL>. You should run this command after installing new
library files or adding a new groove to an existing library file. If
the database (stored in the files in each library under the name
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">.mmaDB</SPAN></TT>) is not updated,
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will not be able to auto-load
an unknown groove. Please refer to the detailed discussion
<A HREF="node32.html#lib-files">here</A> for details.
<P>
<BR>
<P>
The current installation of
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> does not set directory
permissions. It simply copies whatever is in the distribution. If
you have trouble using this option, you will probably have to reset
the permissions on the lib directory.
<P>
<BR>
<P>
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will update the groove database with all files in the
current L<SMALL>IB</SMALL>P<SMALL>ATH</SMALL>. All files <SPAN CLASS="textit">must</SPAN> have a ``.mma''
extension. Any directory containing a file named <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">MMAIGNORE</SPAN></TT>
will be ignored.<A NAME="tex2html16"
HREF="#foot907"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A> Note, that <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">MMAIGNORE</SPAN></TT> consists of all
uppercase letters and is usually an empty file.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-G</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Same as the ``-g'' option (above), but the uppercase version
forces the creation of a new database file--an update from scratch
just in case something really goes wrong.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=2><SPAN>
<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
<tr> <td>
<B>File commands.
</td></tr>
</Table>
</B></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="i-option"></A>
<P>
-i</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Specify the RC file to use. See
<A HREF="node32.html#sec-rc">details here</A>.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="f-option"></A>
<P>
-f <SPAN CLASS="textbf">FILE</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Set output to FILE. Normally the output is sent to a file
with the name of the input file with the extension ``.mid'' appended
to it. This option lets you set the output MIDI file to any file name.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">A single ``-'' on the command line tells
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> to use STDIN for
input. Use of this option makes the use of the -f option (above)
necessary ... otherwise
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> would not know where to save the
generated MIDI data.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=2><SPAN>
<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
<tr> <td>
<B>The following commands
are used to create the documentation. As a user you should
probably never have a need for any of them.
</td></tr>
</Table>
</B></SPAN></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">k</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Print list of
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> keywords. For editor extension writers.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">xl</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Expand and print D<SMALL>OC</SMALL> commands used to generate the
standard library reference for Latex processing. No MIDI output is
generated when this command is given. Doc strings in RC files are not
processed. Files included in other files are processed.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">xh</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Same as -Dxl, but generates HTML output. Used by the
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">mma-libdoc.py</SPAN></TT> tool.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">gh</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generate HTML output for Groove specified on the
command line. If the specified groove name has a '/' the first part
of the name is assumed to be a file to read using U<SMALL>SE</SMALL>. Used by the
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">mma-libdoc.py</SPAN></TT> tool.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">bo</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generate a list of defined groove names and
descriptions from a file specified on the command line. Used by the
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">mma-gb.py</SPAN></TT> tool.</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">-D<SPAN CLASS="textbf">s</SPAN></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Generates a list of sequence information.
Used by the <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">mma-libdoc.py</SPAN></TT> tool.</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
A number of the above command line options are also available from the
C<SMALL>MD</SMALL>L<SMALL>INE</SMALL> option detailed <A HREF="node29.html#sect-cmdline">here</A>.
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00220000000000000000">
Lines and Spaces</A>
</H1>
<P>
When
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> reads a file it processes the lines in various places. The
first reading strips out blank lines and comments of the ``//'' type.
<P>
On the initial pass though the file any continuation lines are joined.
A continuation line is any line ending with a single
`` \''--simply, the next line is concatenated to the current
line to create a longer line.
<P>
Unless otherwise noted in this manual, the various parts of a line are
delimited from each other by runs of white space. White space can be tab
characters or spaces. Other characters may work, but that is not
recommended, and is really determined by Python's definitions.
<P>
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00230000000000000000">
Programming Comments</A>
</H1>
<P>
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> is designed to read and write files (including a file piped to
it via stdin). However, it is not a
filter.<A NAME="tex2html17"
HREF="#foot912"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A>
<P>
As noted earlier in this manual,
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> has been written entirely in
Python.There were some initial concerns about the speed of a
``scripting language'' when the project was started, but Python's
speed appears to be entirely acceptable. On my long-retired AMD Athlon 1900+ system
running Mandrake Linux 10.1, most songs compiled to MIDI in well
under one second. If you need faster results, you're welcome to recode
this program into C or C++, but it would be cheaper to buy a faster
system, or spend a bit of time tweaking some of the more time
intensive Python loops.
<P>
<P>
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME="foot900">...</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html12"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>Actually, the file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">test</SPAN></TT>
or <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">test.mma</SPAN></TT> is processed. Please read section
<A HREF="node32.html#file-extensions">file extensions</A>.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot772">...</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html13"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>Use of this command is not recommended for creating
production MIDI files. A great deal of ``unused'' data is included
in the files which may create timing problems. The command is
designed for quick previews and debugging.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot904">... users.</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html14"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>
A number of the debugging commands can also be set dynamically in a
song. See the debug section <A HREF="node29.html#debug">here</A>
for details.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot807">... song!</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html15"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>500 bars with
4 beats per bar at 200 BPM is about 10 minutes.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot907">... ignored.</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html16"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>Sub-directories in a directory with a
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">MMAIGNORE</SPAN></TT> <SPAN CLASS="textit">are</SPAN> processed ... they need additional
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">MMAIGNORE</SPAN></TT> entires to ignore.
</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot912">...
filter.</A><A
HREF="node2.html#tex2html17"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>It is possible that filter mode for output could be added to
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> , but I'm not
sure why this would be needed.
</DD>
</DL>
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<ADDRESS>
Bob van der Poel
2016-06-11
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