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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>

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<LI><A NAME="tex2html573"
  HREF="node7.html#SECTION00710000000000000000">DupRiff</A>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00700000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-riff"></A> 
 
 <A NAME="riff"></A>
<BR>
Riffs
</H1>

<P>
In previous chapters you were shown how to create a P<SMALL>ATTERN</SMALL>
which becomes a part of a S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL>. And how to set a musical
style by defining a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>.

<P>
These predefined G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>s are wonderful things. And, yes, entire
accompaniment tracks can be created with just some chords and a single
G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>.  But, often a bit of variety in the track is needed.

<P>
The R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command permits the setting of an alternate pattern
for any track for a single bar-this overrides the current
S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> for that track.

<P>
The syntax for R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is very similar to that of D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL>,
with the exception that no pattern name is used. You might think of
R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> as the setting of an S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> with an anonymous
pattern.

<P>
A R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is set with the command:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Track Riff Pattern  </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
where:

<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>Track</STRONG></DT>
<DD>is any valid 
<FONT Face="Serif"  Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT>  track name,

<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>Pattern</STRONG></DT>
<DD>is any existing pattern name defined for the specified
  track, or a pattern definition following the same syntax as a
  D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL>. In addition the pattern can be a single ``z'',
  indicating no pattern for the specified track.

<P>
</DD>
</DL>

<P>
Following is a short example using R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> to change the Chord Pattern:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Groove Rhumba 
<BR>
1     Fm7 
<BR>
2     Bb7 
<BR>
3     EbM7 
<BR>
Chord Riff 1 4 100; 3 8 90; 3.666 8 80; 4.333 8 70 
<BR>
4     Eb6 / Eb 
<BR>
5 Fm7   </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
In this case there is a Rhumba Groove for the song; however, in bar 4
the melodic pattern is emphasized by chording a quarter-note triplet
over beats 3 and 4. In this case the pattern has been defined right in
the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command.

<P>
The next example shows that R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> patterns can be defined just
like the patterns used in a sequence.

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Drum Define Emph8 1 0 128 * 8 
<BR>
Groove Blues 
<BR>
1  C 
<BR>
2  G 
<BR>
Drum-Clap Riff Emph8
<BR>
3  G 
<BR>
4  F 
<BR>
Drum-Clap Riff Emph8 
<BR>
5 C   </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
Here the <SPAN  CLASS="textit">Emph8</SPAN> pattern is defined as a series of eighth notes.
This is applied for the third and fifth bars. If you compile and play this example
you will hear a sporadic hand-clap on bar 3. The <SPAN  CLASS="textit">Drum-Clap</SPAN>
track was previously defined in the Blues G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> as random
claps on beats 2 and 4--our R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> changes this to a louder
volume with multiple hits.

<P>
The special pattern ``z'' can be used to turn off a track for a single
bar. This is similar to using a ``z'' in the S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL>
directive.

<P>
A few things to keep in mind when using R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s:

<P>

<UL>
<LI>Each R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is in effect for only one bar (see the
  discussion below about multiple R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s).

<P>
</LI>
<LI>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> sequences are always enabled. Even if there is no
  sequence for a track, or if the ``z'' sequence is being used, the
  pattern specified in R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> will apply.

<P>
</LI>
<LI>The existing voicing, articulation, etc. for the track will
  apply to the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>.

<P>
</LI>
<LI>It's quite possible to use a macro for repeated R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s.
  The following example  uses a macro which
  sets the V<SMALL>OLUME</SMALL>, A<SMALL>RTICULATE</SMALL>, etc. as well as the
  pattern. Note how the pattern is initially set as single whole note,
  but, redefined in the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> as a run controlled by another
  macro. In bar 2 an eight note run is played and in bar 5 this is
  changed to a run of triplets.

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Mset CRiff
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Begin Scale 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Define Run 1 1 120
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Riff Run * $SSpeed
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Voice AltoSax
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Volume f
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Articulate 80
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rskip 5
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;End
<BR>
MsetEnd
<BR>
Groove Blues
<BR>
1  C 
<BR>
Set SSpeed 8
<BR>      $CRiff
<BR>
2  G 
<BR>
3  G 
<BR>
Set SSpeed 12 
<BR>      $CRIFF
<BR>
5 C    </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
</LI>
<LI>A R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> can only be deleted by using it (i.e., a music bar
  follows the setting), with a S<SMALL>EQ</SMALL>C<SMALL>LEAR</SMALL> or by a track D<SMALL>ELETE</SMALL>.

<P>
</LI>
</UL>

<P>
R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s can also be used to specify a bar of music in a
S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> or M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> track. Please see <A HREF="node10.html#chap-solo">Solo and
  Melody</A>.

<P>
The above examples show how to apply a temporary pattern to a single
bar--the bar which follows the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command.  But, you can
``stack''<A NAME="tex2html37"
  HREF="#foot3755"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> a number of patterns to be processed sequentially. Each
successive R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command adds a pattern to the stack; these
patterns are then ``pulled'' from the stack as successive chord lines
are processed.

<P>
Recycling an earlier example, lets assume that you want to use a
customized pattern for bars 4 and 5 in a mythical song:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Groove Rhumba 
<BR>
1     Fm7 
<BR>
2     Bb7 
<BR>
3     EbM7 
<BR>
Chord Riff 1 4 100; 3 8 90; 3.666 8 80; 4.333 8 70 
<BR>
Chord Riff 1 2 100; 3 8 90; 
<BR>
4     Eb6 / Eb 
<BR>
5 Fm7   </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
In this example the first <SPAN  CLASS="textit">Chord Riff</SPAN> will be used in bar 4; the
second in bar 5. For an example of this see the sample file
<TT><SPAN  CLASS="textbf">egs/riffs/riffs.mma</SPAN></TT>.

<P>
I often use this feature when creating a S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> line.

<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00710000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="dupriff"></A>
<BR>
DupRiff
</H1> 

<P>
In the above section we discussed the creation of R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s. In
addition to being fun and useful in a specified track, they
can easily be duplicated between similar tracks with a single command:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Solo DupRiff Solo-1 Solo-2  </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
will copy any pending R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data in the S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> track to the
S<SMALL>OLO-1</SMALL> and S<SMALL>OLO-2</SMALL> tracks. 

<P>
A few rules:

<P>

<UL>
<LI>All the tracks must be of the same type. You can't copy a
  R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> from C<SMALL>HORD</SMALL> track to a S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL>, etc.

<P>
</LI>
<LI>The source track must have R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data to copy.

<P>
</LI>
<LI>The destination track(s) must <SPAN  CLASS="textit">not</SPAN> have any pending
  R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data.

<P>
</LI>
</UL>

<P>
The use of the D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> makes it very easy to manage data for
solos with multiple instruments. For example:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Begin Solo-1 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;	Voice Flute 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;	HarmonyOnly Open 
<BR>
End 
<BR>&nbsp; 
<BR>
Begin Solo 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;	Voice Clarinet 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; Begin Riff 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2g+; f+; 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2e+; d+; 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;	End 
<BR>
End 
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>
Solo DupRiff Solo-1
  </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
The above example creates two S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> tracks. S<SMALL>OLO-1</SMALL> will
only play the harmony notes; S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> will play the melody. Without
D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> you would need to duplicate the note data in both
tracks, either line by line or with a macro. Using D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is
much simpler.

<P>
You can reverse the action of this command so that it copies data
<SPAN  CLASS="textit">from</SPAN> an existing track to the current one with the use of the
keyword F<SMALL>ROM</SMALL>:

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Solo DupRiff From  Solo-1  </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<P>
copies the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data from S<SMALL>OLO-1</SMALL> and inserts it into
S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL>. In this mode you can only from/to one track at a time.

<P>
To keep this direction stuff all neat and tidy, you can use the
optional keyword T<SMALL>O</SMALL> to duplicate the default action.

<P>

      <Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
        <tr><td>
    <B>Solo DupRiff To Solo-1 Solo-2  </B> 
   
	    </td></tr>
      </Table>

<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME="foot3755">...
``stack''</A><A
 HREF="node7.html#tex2html37"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>Actually a queue or FIFO (First In, First Out)
buffer.

</DD>
</DL>
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<ADDRESS>
Bob van der Poel
2016-06-11
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