1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
|
<h2>Embedding Mono</h2>
<p>The simplest way of embedding Mono is illustrated here:
<pre>
int main (int argc, char *argv)
{
/*
* Load the default Mono configuration file, this is needed
* if you are planning on using the dllmaps defined on the
* system configuration
*/
mono_config_parse (NULL);
/*
* mono_jit_init() creates a domain: each assembly is
* loaded and run in a MonoDomain.
*/
MonoDomain *domain = mono_jit_init ("startup.exe");
/*
* Optionally, add an internal call that your startup.exe
* code can call, this will bridge startup.exe to Mono
*/
mono_add_internal_call ("Sample::GetMessage", getMessage);
/*
* Open the executable, and run the Main method declared
* in the executable
*/
MonoAssembly *assembly = mono_domain_assembly_open (domain, "startup.exe");
if (!assembly)
exit (2);
/*
* mono_jit_exec() will run the Main() method in the assembly.
* The return value needs to be looked up from
* System.Environment.ExitCode.
*/
mono_jit_exec (domain, assembly, argc, argv);
}
/* The C# signature for this method is: string GetMessage () in class Sample */
MonoString*
getMessage ()
{
return mono_string_new (mono_domain_get (), "Hello, world");
}
</pre>
<h4><a name="api:mono_jit_init">mono_jit_init</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_jit_exec">mono_jit_exec</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_set_dirs">mono_set_dirs</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_main">mono_main</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_parse_default_optimizations">mono_parse_default_optimizations</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_jit_cleanup">mono_jit_cleanup</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_set_defaults">mono_set_defaults</a></h4>
<h3>Internal Calls</h3>
<p>The Mono runtime provides two mechanisms to expose C code
to the CIL universe: internal calls and native C
code. Internal calls are tightly integrated with the runtime,
and have the least overhead, as they use the same data types
that the runtime uses.
<p>The other option is to use the Platform Invoke (P/Invoke)
to call C code from the CIL universe, using the standard
<a href="http://www.mono-project.com/Interop_with_Native_Libraries">P/Invoke</a>
mechanisms.
<p>To register an internal call, use this call you use the
<a href="#api:mono_add_internal_call"><tt>mono_add_internal_call</tt>
routine.
<h4><a name="api:mono_add_internal_call">mono_add_internal_call</a></h4>
<h3>P/Invoke with embedded applications</h3>
<p>Unlike internal calls, Platform/Invoke is easier to use and
more portable. It allows you to share code with Windows and
.NET that have a different setup for internal calls to their
own runtime.
<p>Usually P/Invoke declarations reference external libraries
like:
<pre>
[DllImport ("opengl")]
void glBegin (GLEnum mode)
</pre>
<p>Mono extends P/Invoke to support looking up symbols not in
an external library, but looking up those symbols into the
same address space as your program, to do this, use the
special library name "__Internal". This will direct Mono to
lookup the method in your own process.
<p>There are situations where the host operating system does
not support looking up symbols on the process address space.
For situations like this you can use
the <a href="#api:mono_dl_register_library">mono_dl_register_library</a>.
<h4><a name="api:mono_dl_register_library">mono_dl_register_library</h4>
<h3>Data Marshalling</h3>
<p>Managed objects are represented as <tt>MonoObject*</tt>
types. Those objects that the runtime consumes directly have
more specific C definitions (for example strings are of type
<tt>MonoString *</tt>, delegates are of type
<tt>MonoDelegate*</tt> but they are still <tt>MonoObject
*</tt>s).
<p>As of Mono 1.2.x types defined in mscorlib.dll do not have
their fields reordered in any way. But other libraries might
have their fields reordered. In these cases, Managed
structures and objects have the same layout in the C# code as
they do in the unmanaged world.
<p>Structures defined outside corlib must have a specific
StructLayout definition, and have it set as sequential if you
plan on accessing these fields directly from C code.
<p><b>Important</B> Internal calls do not provide support for
marshalling structures. This means that any API calls that
take a structure (excluding the system types like int32,
int64, etc) must be passed as a pointer, in C# this means
passing the value as a "ref" or "out" parameter.
<h3>Mono Runtime Configuration</h3>
<p>Certain features of the Mono runtime, like DLL mapping, are
available through a configuration file that is loaded at
runtime. The default Mono implementation loads the
configuration file from <tt>$sysconfig/mono/config</tt>
(typically this is <tt>/etc/mono/config</tt>).
<p>See the <tt>mono-config(5)</tt> man page for more details
on what goes in this file.
<p>The following APIs expose this functionality:
<h4><a name="api:mono_config_parse">mono_config_parse</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_config_parse_memory">mono_config_parse_memory</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_get_config_dir">mono_get_config_dir</a></h4>
<h3>Function Pointers</h3>
<p>To wrap a function pointer into something that the Mono
runtime can consume, you should use the mono_create_ftnptr.
This is only important if you plan on running on the IA64
architecture. Otherwise you can just use the function
pointer address.
<h4><a name="api:mono_create_ftnptr">mono_create_ftnptr</a></h4>
<h3>Advanced Execution Setups</h3>
<p>These are not recommended ways of initializing Mono, they
are done internally by mono_jit_init, but are here to explain
what happens internally.
<h4><a name="api:mono_runtime_exec_managed_code">mono_runtime_exec_managed_code</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_runtime_exec_main">mono_runtime_exec_main</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_init_from_assembly">mono_init_from_assembly</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_init">mono_init</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_init_version">mono_init_version</a></h4>
|
