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<h1>Mono Internals</h1>
<p>This section documents some of the internal APIs used
inside Mono that developers extending or altering Mono might
want to use.
<h2>Strings</h2>
<h3>Other Encodings</h3>
<p>These routines are used when coping with strings that come
from Mono's environment, and might be encoded in one or more
of the external encodings.
<p>For example, some file systems might historically contain a
mix of file names with both old and new encodings, typically
UTF8 for new files, and the old files would be encoded in an 8
bit character set (ISO-8859-1 for example).
<p>These routines try a number of encodings, those specified
in the <tt>MONO_ENCODINGS</tt> environment variable and return
unicode strings that can be used internally.
<p>See the mono(1) man page for more details.
<h4><a name="api:mono_unicode_from_external">mono_unicode_from_external</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_unicode_to_external">mono_unicode_to_external</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_utf8_from_external">mono_utf8_from_external</a></h4>
<h2>Marshalling functions</h2>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_alloc">mono_marshal_alloc</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_asany">mono_marshal_asany</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_free_array">mono_marshal_free_array</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_free_asany">mono_marshal_free_asany</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_free">mono_marshal_free</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_castclass">mono_marshal_get_castclass</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_delegate_begin_invoke">mono_marshal_get_delegate_begin_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_delegate_end_invoke">mono_marshal_get_delegate_end_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke">mono_marshal_get_delegate_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_icall_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_icall_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_isinst">mono_marshal_get_isinst</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_ldfld_remote_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_ldfld_remote_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_ldfld_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_ldfld_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_managed_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_managed_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_native_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_native_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_proxy_cancast">mono_marshal_get_proxy_cancast</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct">mono_marshal_get_ptr_to_struct</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke_for_target">mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke_for_target</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke">mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke_with_check">mono_marshal_get_remoting_invoke_with_check</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke">mono_marshal_get_runtime_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_stelemref">mono_marshal_get_stelemref</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_stfld_remote_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_stfld_remote_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_stfld_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_stfld_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr">mono_marshal_get_struct_to_ptr</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_synchronized_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_synchronized_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_unbox_wrapper">mono_marshal_get_unbox_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_get_xappdomain_invoke">mono_marshal_get_xappdomain_invoke</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_load_type_info">mono_marshal_load_type_info</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_method_from_wrapper">mono_marshal_method_from_wrapper</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_realloc">mono_marshal_realloc</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_set_last_error">mono_marshal_set_last_error</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_marshal_type_size">mono_marshal_type_size</a></h4>
<h2>Metadata Loading Errors</h2>
<p>The routines in this section are used to cope with errors
during metadata loading. Errors in metadata handling can
happen for many reason, and these include (this is not an
exhaustive list).
<ul>
<li>An assembly referenced is missing.
<li>Fields referenced are missing.
<li>Methods referenced are missing.
</ul>
<p>The <tt>mono_loader_set_*</tt> routines are invoked during
metadata loading to flag that an error has happened. The
class loading errros are flagged in a per-thread basis.
<P>In various spots in the runtime the
<tt>mono_loader_get_last_error</tt> routine is called to check
if there was a problem, and then errors are propagated upwards
on the stack until we reach a point where an exception can be
raised and no runtime locks are held.
<p>The <tt>mono_loader_error_prepare_exception</tt> takes a
<tt>MonoLoaderError</tt> structure (the value returned from
<tt>mono_loader_get_last_error</tt>), turns that into an
exception and clears the error condition from the current
thread.
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_set_error_field_load">mono_loader_set_error_field_load</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_set_error_method_load">mono_loader_set_error_method_load</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_set_error_type_load">mono_loader_set_error_type_load</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_get_last_error">mono_loader_get_last_error</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_clear_error">mono_loader_clear_error</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_error_prepare_exception">mono_loader_error_prepare_exception</a></h4>
<h2>Metadata Loader Locking: Internals</h2>
<p>The locking functions here are used by code in class.c and
metadata.c to lock access to the shared hashtables inside the
MonoImage.
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_lock">mono_loader_lock</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_loader_unlock">mono_loader_unlock</a></h4>
<h2>Garbage Collector Internal Interface</h2>
<p>The internal interface of the Mono GC is the interface used
between the runtime engine and the garbage collector.
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_disable">mono_gc_disable</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_enable">mono_gc_enable</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_start_world">mono_gc_start_world</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_stop_world">mono_gc_stop_world</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_alloc_fixed">mono_gc_alloc_fixed</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_free_fixed">mono_gc_free_fixed</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_make_descr_from_bitmap">mono_gc_make_descr_from_bitmap</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_base_init">mono_gc_base_init</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_invoke_finalizers">mono_gc_invoke_finalizers</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_is_gc_thread">mono_gc_is_gc_thread</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_pending_finalizers">mono_gc_pending_finalizers</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_register_thread">mono_gc_register_thread</a></h4>
<h4><a name="api:mono_gc_finalize_notify">mono_gc_finalize_notify</a></h4>
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