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|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Type Name="Stack" FullName="System.Collections.Stack">
<TypeSignature Maintainer="auto" Language="C#" Value="public class Stack : ICloneable, System.Collections.ICollection" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi serializable beforefieldinit Stack extends System.Object implements class System.Collections.ICollection, class System.Collections.IEnumerable, class System.ICloneable" />
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyPublicKey>[00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00]</AssemblyPublicKey>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.Object</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces>
<Interface>
<InterfaceName>System.Collections.ICollection</InterfaceName>
</Interface>
<Interface>
<InterfaceName>System.ICloneable</InterfaceName>
</Interface>
</Interfaces>
<Attributes>
<Attribute>
<AttributeName>System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("Count={Count}")</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute>
<AttributeName>System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System.Collections.CollectionDebuggerView))</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute>
<AttributeName>System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>For the generic version of this collection, see <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.Stack`1" />.</para>
<para>
<see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is implemented as a circular buffer.</para>
<para>The capacity of a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is the number of elements the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can hold. As elements are added to a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, the capacity is automatically increased as required through reallocation.</para>
<para>If <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> is less than the capacity of the stack, <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Push(System.Object)" /> is an O(1) operation. If the capacity needs to be increased to accommodate the new element, <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Push(System.Object)" /> becomes an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />. <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Pop" /> is an O(1) operation.</para>
<para>
<see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> accepts null as a valid value and allows duplicate elements.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Represents a simple last-in-first-out (LIFO) non-generic collection of objects.</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
<Members>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public Stack ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue />
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The capacity of a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is the number of elements that the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can hold. As elements are added to a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array.</para>
<para>If the size of the collection can be estimated, specifying the initial capacity eliminates the need to perform a number of resizing operations while adding elements to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>This constructor is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> class that is empty and has the default initial capacity.</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public Stack (System.Collections.ICollection col);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(class System.Collections.ICollection col) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue />
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="col" Type="System.Collections.ICollection" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The capacity of a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is the number of elements that the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can hold. As elements are added to a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array.</para>
<para>If the size of the collection can be estimated, specifying the initial capacity eliminates the need to perform a number of resizing operations while adding elements to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>The elements are copied onto the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> in the same order they are read by the <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.ICollection" />.</para>
<para>This constructor is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is the number of elements in <paramref name="col" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> class that contains elements copied from the specified collection and has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied.</para>
</summary>
<param name="col">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The <see cref="T:System.Collections.ICollection" /> to copy elements from. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public Stack (int initialCapacity);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(int32 initialCapacity) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue />
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="initialCapacity" Type="System.Int32" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The capacity of a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is the number of elements that the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can hold. As elements are added to a <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array.</para>
<para>If the size of the collection can be estimated, specifying the initial capacity eliminates the need to perform a number of resizing operations while adding elements to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>This constructor is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <paramref name="initialCapacity" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> class that is empty and has the specified initial capacity or the default initial capacity, whichever is greater.</para>
</summary>
<param name="initialCapacity">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The initial number of elements that the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can contain. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Clear">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual void Clear ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance void Clear() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>
<see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> is set to zero, and references to other objects from elements of the collection are also released.</para>
<para>This method is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Removes all objects from the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Clone">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object Clone ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance object Clone() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>A shallow copy of a collection copies only the elements of the collection, whether they are reference types or value types, but it does not copy the objects that the references refer to. The references in the new collection point to the same objects that the references in the original collection point to.</para>
<para>In contrast, a deep copy of a collection copies the elements and everything directly or indirectly referenced by the elements.</para>
<para>This method is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Creates a shallow copy of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>A shallow copy of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Contains">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual bool Contains (object obj);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance bool Contains(object obj) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="obj" Type="System.Object" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>This method determines equality by calling <see cref="M:System.Object.Equals(System.Object)" />.</para>
<para>This method performs a linear search; therefore, this method is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
<para>Starting with the .NET Framework 2.0, this method uses the collection’s objects’ <see cref="M:System.Object.Equals(System.Object)" /> and <see cref="M:System.IComparable.CompareTo(System.Object)" /> methods on <paramref name="obj" /> to determine whether <paramref name="item" /> exists. In the earlier versions of the .NET Framework, this determination was made by using the <see cref="M:System.Object.Equals(System.Object)" /> and <see cref="M:System.IComparable.CompareTo(System.Object)" /> methods of the <paramref name="obj" /> parameter on the objects in the collection.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Determines whether an element is in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>true, if <paramref name="obj" /> is found in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />; otherwise, false.</para>
</returns>
<param name="obj">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The <see cref="T:System.Object" /> to locate in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />. The value can be null. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CopyTo">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual void CopyTo (Array array, int index);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance void CopyTo(class System.Array array, int32 index) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="array" Type="System.Array" />
<Parameter Name="index" Type="System.Int32" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The elements are copied onto the array in last-in-first-out (LIFO) order, similar to the order of the elements returned by a succession of calls to <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Pop" />.</para>
<para>This method is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Copies the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> to an existing one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" />, starting at the specified array index.</para>
</summary>
<param name="array">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The one-dimensional <see cref="T:System.Array" /> that is the destination of the elements copied from <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />. The <see cref="T:System.Array" /> must have zero-based indexing. </param>
<param name="index">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The zero-based index in <paramref name="array" /> at which copying begins. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Count">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual int Count { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance int32 Count" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Int32</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<value>To be added: an object of type 'int'</value>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The capacity is the number of elements that the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> can store. <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> is the number of elements that are actually in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>The capacity is always greater than or equal to <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />. If <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> exceeds the capacity while adding elements, the capacity is automatically increased by reallocating the internal array before copying the old elements and adding the new elements.</para>
<para>Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Gets the number of elements contained in the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="GetEnumerator">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual System.Collections.IEnumerator GetEnumerator ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance class System.Collections.IEnumerator GetEnumerator() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Collections.IEnumerator</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>[Visual Basic, C#]</para>
<para>The foreach statement of the C# language (for each in Visual Basic) hides the complexity of the enumerators. Therefore, using foreach is recommended, instead of directly manipulating the enumerator.</para>
<para>Enumerators can be used to read the data in the collection, but they cannot be used to modify the underlying collection.</para>
<para>Initially, the enumerator is positioned before the first element in the collection. <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset" /> also brings the enumerator back to this position. At this position, <see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" /> is undefined. Therefore, you must call <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> to advance the enumerator to the first element of the collection before reading the value of <see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" />.</para>
<para>
<see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" /> returns the same object until either <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> or <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset" /> is called. <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> sets <see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" /> to the next element.</para>
<para>If <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> passes the end of the collection, the enumerator is positioned after the last element in the collection and <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> returns false. When the enumerator is at this position, subsequent calls to <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> also return false. If the last call to <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" /> returned false, <see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" /> is undefined. To set <see cref="P:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current" /> to the first element of the collection again, you can call <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset" /> followed by <see cref="M:System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext" />.</para>
<para>An enumerator remains valid as long as the collection remains unchanged. If changes are made to the collection, such as adding, modifying, or deleting elements, the enumerator is irrecoverably invalidated and its behavior is undefined.</para>
<para>The enumerator does not have exclusive access to the collection; therefore, enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can lock the collection during the entire enumeration. To allow the collection to be accessed by multiple threads for reading and writing, you must implement your own synchronization.</para>
<para>This method is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Returns an <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> for the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>An <see cref="T:System.Collections.IEnumerator" /> for the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="IsSynchronized">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual bool IsSynchronized { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance bool IsSynchronized" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Boolean</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<value>To be added: an object of type 'bool'</value>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>To guarantee the thread safety of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, all operations must be done through the wrapper returned by the <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Synchronized(System.Collections.Stack)" /> method.</para>
<para>Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.</para>
<para>The following code example shows how to lock the collection using the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.SyncRoot" /> during the entire enumeration.</para>
<para>code reference: Classic Stack.IsSynchronized Example#2</para>
<para>Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Gets a value indicating whether access to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is synchronized (thread safe).</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Peek">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object Peek ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance object Peek() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>This method is similar to the <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Pop" /> method, but <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Peek" /> does not modify the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>null can be pushed onto the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> as a placeholder, if needed. To distinguish between a null value and the end of the stack, check the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> property or catch the <see cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException" />, which is thrown when the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is empty.</para>
<para>This method is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Returns the object at the top of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> without removing it.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The <see cref="T:System.Object" /> at the top of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Pop">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object Pop ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance object Pop() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>This method is similar to the <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Peek" /> method, but <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Peek" /> does not modify the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
<para>null can be pushed onto the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> as a placeholder, if needed. To distinguish between a null value and the end of the stack, check the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> property or catch the <see cref="T:System.InvalidOperationException" />, which is thrown when the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is empty.</para>
<para>
<see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is implemented as a circular buffer. This method is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Removes and returns the object at the top of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The <see cref="T:System.Object" /> removed from the top of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Push">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual void Push (object obj);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance void Push(object obj) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="obj" Type="System.Object" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>
<see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is implemented as a circular buffer.</para>
<para>If <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> already equals the capacity, the capacity of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> is increased by automatically reallocating the internal array, and the existing elements are copied to the new array before the new element is added.</para>
<para>null can be pushed onto the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> as a placeholder, if needed. It occupies a slot in the stack and is treated like any object.</para>
<para>If <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" /> is less than the capacity of the stack, <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Push(System.Object)" /> is an O(1) operation. If the capacity needs to be increased to accommodate the new element, <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Push(System.Object)" /> becomes an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Inserts an object at the top of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<param name="obj">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The <see cref="T:System.Object" /> to push onto the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />. The value can be null. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Synchronized">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static System.Collections.Stack Synchronized (System.Collections.Stack stack);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig class System.Collections.Stack Synchronized(class System.Collections.Stack stack) cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Collections.Stack</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="stack" Type="System.Collections.Stack" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>To guarantee the thread safety of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, all operations must be done through this wrapper.</para>
<para>Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.</para>
<para>The following code example shows how to lock the collection using the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.SyncRoot" /> during the entire enumeration. </para>
<para>code reference: Classic Stack.IsSynchronized Example#2</para>
<para>This method is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Returns a synchronized (thread safe) wrapper for the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>A synchronized wrapper around the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
<param name="stack">
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />The <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> to synchronize. </param>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="SyncRoot">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object SyncRoot { get; }" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance object SyncRoot" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<value>To be added: an object of type 'object'</value>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>To create a synchronized version of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, use the <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Synchronized(System.Collections.Stack)" /> method. However, derived classes can provide their own synchronized version of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> using the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.SyncRoot" /> property. The synchronizing code must perform operations on the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.SyncRoot" /> of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />, not directly on the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />. This ensures proper operation of collections that are derived from other objects. Specifically, it maintains proper synchronization with other threads that might be simultaneously modifying the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> object.</para>
<para>Enumerating through a collection is intrinsically not a thread-safe procedure. Even when a collection is synchronized, other threads can still modify the collection, which causes the enumerator to throw an exception. To guarantee thread safety during enumeration, you can either lock the collection during the entire enumeration or catch the exceptions resulting from changes made by other threads.</para>
<para>The following code example shows how to lock the collection using the <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.SyncRoot" /> during the entire enumeration. </para>
<para>code reference: Classic Stack.IsSynchronized Example#2</para>
<para>Retrieving the value of this property is an O(1) operation.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</summary>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="ToArray">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public virtual object[] ToArray ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig newslot virtual instance object[] ToArray() cil managed" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object[]</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<remarks>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>The elements are copied onto the array in last-in-first-out (LIFO) order, similar to the order of the elements returned by a succession of calls to <see cref="M:System.Collections.Stack.Pop" />.</para>
<para>This method is an O(<paramref name="n" />) operation, where <paramref name="n" /> is <see cref="P:System.Collections.Stack.Count" />.</para>
</remarks>
<summary>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>Copies the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" /> to a new array.</para>
</summary>
<returns>
<attribution license="cc4" from="Microsoft" modified="false" />
<para>A new array containing copies of the elements of the <see cref="T:System.Collections.Stack" />.</para>
</returns>
</Docs>
</Member>
</Members>
</Type>
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