//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <copyright file="DbConnectionStringBuilder.cs" company="Microsoft">
//      Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
// <owner current="true" primary="true">Microsoft</owner>
// <owner current="true" primary="false">Microsoft</owner>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Data.Common;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Globalization;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization;
    using System.Security.Permissions;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace System.Data.Common {

/*
    internal sealed class NamedConnectionStringConverter : StringConverter {

        public NamedConnectionStringConverter() {
        }

        public override bool GetStandardValuesSupported(ITypeDescriptorContext context) {
            return true;
        }

        public override bool GetStandardValuesExclusive(ITypeDescriptorContext context) {
            // Although theoretically this could be true, some people may want to just type in a name
            return false;
        }

        public override StandardValuesCollection GetStandardValues(ITypeDescriptorContext context) {
            StandardValuesCollection standardValues = null;
            if (null != context) {
                DbConnectionStringBuilder instance = (context.Instance as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
                if (null != instance) {
                    string myProviderName = instance.GetType().Namespace;

                    List<string> myConnectionNames = new List<string>();
                    foreach(System.Configuration.ConnectionStringSetting setting in System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings) {
                        if (myProviderName.EndsWith(setting.ProviderName)) {
                            myConnectionNames.Add(setting.ConnectionName);
                        }
                    }
                    standardValues = new StandardValuesCollection(myConnectionNames);
                }
            }
            return standardValues;
        }
    }
*/

    internal class DbConnectionStringBuilderDescriptor : PropertyDescriptor {
        private Type _componentType;
        private Type _propertyType;
        private bool _isReadOnly;
        private bool _refreshOnChange;

        internal DbConnectionStringBuilderDescriptor(string propertyName, Type componentType, Type propertyType, bool isReadOnly, Attribute[] attributes) : base(propertyName, attributes) {
            //Bid.Trace("<comm.DbConnectionStringBuilderDescriptor|INFO> propertyName='%ls', propertyType='%ls'\n", propertyName, propertyType.Name);
            _componentType = componentType;
            _propertyType = propertyType;
            _isReadOnly = isReadOnly;
        }

        internal bool RefreshOnChange {
            get {
                return _refreshOnChange;
            }
            set {
                _refreshOnChange = value;
            }
        }

        public override Type ComponentType {
            get {
                return _componentType;
            }
        }
        public override bool IsReadOnly {
            get {
                return _isReadOnly;
            }
        }
        public override Type PropertyType {
            get {
                return _propertyType;
            }
        }
        public override bool CanResetValue(object component) {
            DbConnectionStringBuilder builder = (component as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
            return ((null != builder) && builder.ShouldSerialize(DisplayName));
        }
        public override object GetValue(object component) {
            DbConnectionStringBuilder builder = (component as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
            if (null != builder) {
                object value;
                if (builder.TryGetValue(DisplayName, out value)) {
                    return value;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
        public override void ResetValue(object component) {
            DbConnectionStringBuilder builder = (component as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
            if (null != builder) {
                builder.Remove(DisplayName);

                if (RefreshOnChange) {
                    builder.ClearPropertyDescriptors();
                }
            }
        }
        public override void SetValue(object component, object value) {
            DbConnectionStringBuilder builder = (component as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
            if (null != builder) {
                // via the editor, empty string does a defacto Reset
                if ((typeof(string) == PropertyType) && String.Empty.Equals(value)) {
                    value = null;
                }
                builder[DisplayName] = value;

                if (RefreshOnChange) {
                    builder.ClearPropertyDescriptors();
                }
            }
        }
        public override bool ShouldSerializeValue(object component) {
            DbConnectionStringBuilder builder = (component as DbConnectionStringBuilder);
            return ((null != builder) && builder.ShouldSerialize(DisplayName));
        }
    }

    [Serializable()]
    internal sealed class ReadOnlyCollection<T> : System.Collections.ICollection, ICollection<T> {
        private T[] _items;

        internal ReadOnlyCollection(T[] items) {
            _items = items;
#if DEBUG
            for(int i = 0; i < items.Length; ++i) {
                Debug.Assert(null != items[i], "null item");
            }
#endif
        }

        public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex) {
            Array.Copy(_items, 0, array, arrayIndex, _items.Length);
        }

        void System.Collections.ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int arrayIndex) {
            Array.Copy(_items, 0, array, arrayIndex, _items.Length);
        }


        IEnumerator<T> IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() {
            return new Enumerator<T>(_items);
        }

        public System.Collections.IEnumerator GetEnumerator() {
            return new Enumerator<T>(_items);
        }

        bool System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized {
            get { return false; }
        }

        Object System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot {
            get { return _items; }
        }

        bool ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly {
            get { return true;}
        }

        void ICollection<T>.Add(T value) {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        void ICollection<T>.Clear() {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        bool ICollection<T>.Contains(T value) {
            return Array.IndexOf(_items, value) >= 0;
        }

        bool ICollection<T>.Remove(T value) {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        public int Count {
            get { return _items.Length; }
        }

        [Serializable()]
        internal struct Enumerator<K> : IEnumerator<K>, System.Collections.IEnumerator { // based on List<T>.Enumerator
            private K[] _items;
            private int _index;

            internal Enumerator(K[] items) {
                _items = items;
                _index = -1;
            }

            public void Dispose() {
            }

            public bool MoveNext() {
                return (++_index < _items.Length);
            }

            public K Current {
                get {
                    return _items[_index];
                }
            }

            Object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current {
                get {
                    return _items[_index];
                }
            }

            void System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset() {
                _index = -1;
            }
        }
    }

    internal static class DbConnectionStringBuilderUtil
    {

        internal static bool ConvertToBoolean(object value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "ConvertToBoolean(null)");
            string svalue = (value as string);
            if (null != svalue)
            {
                if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "true") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "yes"))
                    return true;
                else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "false") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "no"))
                    return false;
                else
                {
                    string tmp = svalue.Trim();  // Remove leading & trailing white space.
                    if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "true") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "yes"))
                        return true;
                    else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "false") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "no"))
                        return false;
                }
                return Boolean.Parse(svalue);
            }
            try
            {
                return ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(Boolean), e);
            }
        }

        internal static bool ConvertToIntegratedSecurity(object value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "ConvertToIntegratedSecurity(null)");
            string svalue = (value as string);
            if (null != svalue)
            {
                if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "sspi") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "true") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "yes"))
                    return true;
                else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "false") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(svalue, "no"))
                    return false;
                else
                {
                    string tmp = svalue.Trim();  // Remove leading & trailing white space.
                    if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "sspi") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "true") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "yes"))
                        return true;
                    else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "false") || StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(tmp, "no"))
                        return false;
                }
                return Boolean.Parse(svalue);
            }
            try
            {
                return ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(Boolean), e);
            }
        }

        internal static int ConvertToInt32(object value)
        {
            try
            {
                return ((IConvertible)value).ToInt32(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(Int32), e);
            }
        }

        internal static string ConvertToString(object value)
        {
            try
            {
                return ((IConvertible)value).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
            catch (InvalidCastException e)
            {
                throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(String), e);
            }
        }

        #region <<PoolBlockingPeriod Utility>>
        const string PoolBlockingPeriodAutoString = "Auto";
        const string PoolBlockingPeriodAlwaysBlockString = "AlwaysBlock";
        const string PoolBlockingPeriodNeverBlockString = "NeverBlock";

        internal static bool TryConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(string value, out PoolBlockingPeriod result)
        {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(PoolBlockingPeriod)).Length == 3, "PoolBlockingPeriod enum has changed, update needed");
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "TryConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(null,...)");

            if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(value, PoolBlockingPeriodAutoString))
            {
                result = PoolBlockingPeriod.Auto;
                return true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(value, PoolBlockingPeriodAlwaysBlockString))
            {
                result = PoolBlockingPeriod.AlwaysBlock;
                return true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(value, PoolBlockingPeriodNeverBlockString))
            {
                result = PoolBlockingPeriod.NeverBlock;
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                result = DbConnectionStringDefaults.PoolBlockingPeriod;
                return false;
            }
        }

        internal static bool IsValidPoolBlockingPeriodValue(PoolBlockingPeriod value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(PoolBlockingPeriod)).Length == 3, "PoolBlockingPeriod enum has changed, update needed");
            return value == PoolBlockingPeriod.Auto || value == PoolBlockingPeriod.AlwaysBlock || value == PoolBlockingPeriod.NeverBlock;
        }

        internal static string PoolBlockingPeriodToString(PoolBlockingPeriod value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(IsValidPoolBlockingPeriodValue(value));
            
            if (value == PoolBlockingPeriod.AlwaysBlock)
            {
                return PoolBlockingPeriodAlwaysBlockString;
            }
            if (value == PoolBlockingPeriod.NeverBlock)
            {
                return PoolBlockingPeriodNeverBlockString;
            }
            else
            {
                return PoolBlockingPeriodAutoString;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method attempts to convert the given value to a PoolBlockingPeriod enum. The algorithm is:
        /// * if the value is from type string, it will be matched against PoolBlockingPeriod enum names only, using ordinal, case-insensitive comparer
        /// * if the value is from type PoolBlockingPeriod, it will be used as is
        /// * if the value is from integral type (SByte, Int16, Int32, Int64, Byte, UInt16, UInt32, or UInt64), it will be converted to enum
        /// * if the value is another enum or any other type, it will be blocked with an appropriate ArgumentException
        /// 
        /// in any case above, if the conerted value is out of valid range, the method raises ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>PoolBlockingPeriod value in the valid range</returns>
        internal static PoolBlockingPeriod ConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(string keyword, object value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "ConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(null)");
            string sValue = (value as string);
            PoolBlockingPeriod result;
            if (null != sValue)
            {
                // We could use Enum.TryParse<PoolBlockingPeriod> here, but it accepts value combinations like
                // "ReadOnly, ReadWrite" which are unwelcome here
                // Also, Enum.TryParse is 100x slower than plain StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals method.

                if (TryConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // try again after remove leading & trailing whitespaces.
                sValue = sValue.Trim();
                if (TryConvertToPoolBlockingPeriod(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // string values must be valid
                throw ADP.InvalidConnectionOptionValue(keyword);
            }
            else
            {
                // the value is not string, try other options
                PoolBlockingPeriod eValue;

                if (value is PoolBlockingPeriod)
                {
                    // quick path for the most common case
                    eValue = (PoolBlockingPeriod)value;
                }
                else if (value.GetType().IsEnum)
                {
                    // explicitly block scenarios in which user tries to use wrong enum types, like:
                    // builder["PoolBlockingPeriod"] = EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process;
                    // workaround: explicitly cast non-PoolBlockingPeriod enums to int
                    throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(PoolBlockingPeriod), null);
                }
                else
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // Enum.ToObject allows only integral and enum values (enums are blocked above), rasing ArgumentException for the rest
                        eValue = (PoolBlockingPeriod)Enum.ToObject(typeof(PoolBlockingPeriod), value);
                    }
                    catch (ArgumentException e)
                    {
                        // to be consistent with the messages we send in case of wrong type usage, replace 
                        // the error with our exception, and keep the original one as inner one for troubleshooting
                        throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(PoolBlockingPeriod), e);
                    }
                }

                // ensure value is in valid range
                if (IsValidPoolBlockingPeriodValue(eValue))
                {
                    return eValue;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw ADP.InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(ApplicationIntent), (int)eValue);
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion

        const string ApplicationIntentReadWriteString = "ReadWrite";
        const string ApplicationIntentReadOnlyString = "ReadOnly";

        internal static bool TryConvertToApplicationIntent(string value, out ApplicationIntent result)
        {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(ApplicationIntent)).Length == 2, "ApplicationIntent enum has changed, update needed");
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "TryConvertToApplicationIntent(null,...)");

            if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ApplicationIntentReadOnlyString))
            {
                result = ApplicationIntent.ReadOnly;
                return true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ApplicationIntentReadWriteString))
            {
                result = ApplicationIntent.ReadWrite;
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                result = DbConnectionStringDefaults.ApplicationIntent;
                return false;
            }
        }

        internal static bool IsValidApplicationIntentValue(ApplicationIntent value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(ApplicationIntent)).Length == 2, "ApplicationIntent enum has changed, update needed");
            return value == ApplicationIntent.ReadOnly || value == ApplicationIntent.ReadWrite;
        }

        internal static string ApplicationIntentToString(ApplicationIntent value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(IsValidApplicationIntentValue(value));
            if (value == ApplicationIntent.ReadOnly)
            {
                return ApplicationIntentReadOnlyString;
            }
            else
            {
                return ApplicationIntentReadWriteString;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method attempts to convert the given value tp ApplicationIntent enum. The algorithm is:
        /// * if the value is from type string, it will be matched against ApplicationIntent enum names only, using ordinal, case-insensitive comparer
        /// * if the value is from type ApplicationIntent, it will be used as is
        /// * if the value is from integral type (SByte, Int16, Int32, Int64, Byte, UInt16, UInt32, or UInt64), it will be converted to enum
        /// * if the value is another enum or any other type, it will be blocked with an appropriate ArgumentException
        /// 
        /// in any case above, if the conerted value is out of valid range, the method raises ArgumentOutOfRangeException.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>applicaiton intent value in the valid range</returns>
        internal static ApplicationIntent ConvertToApplicationIntent(string keyword, object value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != value, "ConvertToApplicationIntent(null)");
            string sValue = (value as string);
            ApplicationIntent result;
            if (null != sValue)
            {
                // We could use Enum.TryParse<ApplicationIntent> here, but it accepts value combinations like
                // "ReadOnly, ReadWrite" which are unwelcome here
                // Also, Enum.TryParse is 100x slower than plain StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals method.

                if (TryConvertToApplicationIntent(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // try again after remove leading & trailing whitespaces.
                sValue = sValue.Trim();
                if (TryConvertToApplicationIntent(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // string values must be valid
                throw ADP.InvalidConnectionOptionValue(keyword);
            }
            else
            {
                // the value is not string, try other options
                ApplicationIntent eValue;

                if (value is ApplicationIntent)
                {
                    // quick path for the most common case
                    eValue = (ApplicationIntent)value;
                }
                else if (value.GetType().IsEnum)
                {
                    // explicitly block scenarios in which user tries to use wrong enum types, like:
                    // builder["ApplicationIntent"] = EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process;
                    // workaround: explicitly cast non-ApplicationIntent enums to int
                    throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(ApplicationIntent), null);
                }
                else
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // Enum.ToObject allows only integral and enum values (enums are blocked above), rasing ArgumentException for the rest
                        eValue = (ApplicationIntent)Enum.ToObject(typeof(ApplicationIntent), value);
                    }
                    catch (ArgumentException e)
                    {
                        // to be consistent with the messages we send in case of wrong type usage, replace 
                        // the error with our exception, and keep the original one as inner one for troubleshooting
                        throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(ApplicationIntent), e);
                    }
                }

                // ensure value is in valid range
                if (IsValidApplicationIntentValue(eValue))
                {
                    return eValue;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw ADP.InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(ApplicationIntent), (int)eValue);
                }
            }
        }

        const string SqlPasswordString = "Sql Password";
        const string ActiveDirectoryPasswordString = "Active Directory Password";
        const string ActiveDirectoryIntegratedString = "Active Directory Integrated";

        internal static bool TryConvertToAuthenticationType(string value, out SqlAuthenticationMethod result)
        {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod)).Length == 4, "SqlAuthenticationMethod enum has changed, update needed");

            bool isSuccess = false;

            if (StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Equals(value, SqlPasswordString))
            {
                result = SqlAuthenticationMethod.SqlPassword;
                isSuccess = true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ActiveDirectoryPasswordString))
            {
                result = SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryPassword;
                isSuccess = true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ActiveDirectoryIntegratedString))
            {
                result = SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryIntegrated;
                isSuccess = true;
            }
            else
            {
                result = DbConnectionStringDefaults.Authentication;
            }
            return isSuccess;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Column Encryption Setting.
        /// </summary>
        const string ColumnEncryptionSettingEnabledString = "Enabled";
        const string ColumnEncryptionSettingDisabledString = "Disabled";

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert a string value to the corresponding SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <param name="result"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal static bool TryConvertToColumnEncryptionSetting(string value, out SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting result) {
            bool isSuccess = false;

            if (StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ColumnEncryptionSettingEnabledString)) {
                result = SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Enabled;
                isSuccess = true;
            }
            else if (StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Equals(value, ColumnEncryptionSettingDisabledString)) {
                result = SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Disabled;
                isSuccess = true;
            }
            else {
                result = DbConnectionStringDefaults.ColumnEncryptionSetting;
            }

            return isSuccess;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is it a valid connection level column encryption setting ?
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal static bool IsValidColumnEncryptionSetting(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting value) {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting)).Length == 2, "SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting enum has changed, update needed");
            return value == SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Enabled || value == SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Disabled;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert connection level column encryption setting value to string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal static string ColumnEncryptionSettingToString(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting value) {
            Debug.Assert(IsValidColumnEncryptionSetting(value), "value is not a valid connection level column encryption setting.");

            switch (value) {
                case SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Enabled:
                    return ColumnEncryptionSettingEnabledString;
                case SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Disabled:
                    return ColumnEncryptionSettingDisabledString;

                default:
                    return null;
            }
        }

        internal static bool IsValidAuthenticationTypeValue(SqlAuthenticationMethod value) {
            Debug.Assert(Enum.GetNames(typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod)).Length == 4, "SqlAuthenticationMethod enum has changed, update needed");
            return value == SqlAuthenticationMethod.SqlPassword
                || value == SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryPassword
                || value == SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryIntegrated
                || value == SqlAuthenticationMethod.NotSpecified;
        }

        internal static string AuthenticationTypeToString(SqlAuthenticationMethod value)
        {
            Debug.Assert(IsValidAuthenticationTypeValue(value));

            switch (value)
            {
                case SqlAuthenticationMethod.SqlPassword:
                    return SqlPasswordString;
                case SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryPassword:
                    return ActiveDirectoryPasswordString;
                case SqlAuthenticationMethod.ActiveDirectoryIntegrated:
                    return ActiveDirectoryIntegratedString;
                default:
                    return null;
            }
        }

        internal static SqlAuthenticationMethod ConvertToAuthenticationType(string keyword, object value)
        {
            if (null == value)
            {
                return DbConnectionStringDefaults.Authentication;
            }

            string sValue = (value as string);
            SqlAuthenticationMethod result;
            if (null != sValue)
            {
                if (TryConvertToAuthenticationType(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // try again after remove leading & trailing whitespaces.
                sValue = sValue.Trim();
                if (TryConvertToAuthenticationType(sValue, out result))
                {
                    return result;
                }

                // string values must be valid
                throw ADP.InvalidConnectionOptionValue(keyword);
            }
            else
            {
                // the value is not string, try other options
                SqlAuthenticationMethod eValue;

                if (value is SqlAuthenticationMethod)
                {
                    // quick path for the most common case
                    eValue = (SqlAuthenticationMethod)value;
                }
                else if (value.GetType().IsEnum)
                {
                    // explicitly block scenarios in which user tries to use wrong enum types, like:
                    // builder["ApplicationIntent"] = EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process;
                    // workaround: explicitly cast non-ApplicationIntent enums to int
                    throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod), null);
                }
                else
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // Enum.ToObject allows only integral and enum values (enums are blocked above), rasing ArgumentException for the rest
                        eValue = (SqlAuthenticationMethod)Enum.ToObject(typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod), value);
                    }
                    catch (ArgumentException e)
                    {
                        // to be consistent with the messages we send in case of wrong type usage, replace 
                        // the error with our exception, and keep the original one as inner one for troubleshooting
                        throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod), e);
                    }
                }

                // ensure value is in valid range
                if (IsValidAuthenticationTypeValue(eValue))
                {
                    return eValue;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw ADP.InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(SqlAuthenticationMethod), (int)eValue);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert the provided value to a SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="keyword"></param>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        internal static SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting ConvertToColumnEncryptionSetting(string keyword, object value) {
            if (null == value) {
                return DbConnectionStringDefaults.ColumnEncryptionSetting;
            }

            string sValue = (value as string);
            SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting result;
            if (null != sValue) {
                if (TryConvertToColumnEncryptionSetting(sValue, out result)) {
                    return result;
                }

                // try again after remove leading & trailing whitespaces.
                sValue = sValue.Trim();
                if (TryConvertToColumnEncryptionSetting(sValue, out result)) {
                    return result;
                }

                // string values must be valid
                throw ADP.InvalidConnectionOptionValue(keyword);
            }
            else {
                // the value is not string, try other options
                SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting eValue;

                if (value is SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting) {
                    // quick path for the most common case
                    eValue = (SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting)value;
                }
                else if (value.GetType().IsEnum) {
                    // explicitly block scenarios in which user tries to use wrong enum types, like:
                    // builder["SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting"] = EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process;
                    // workaround: explicitly cast non-SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting enums to int
                    throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting), null);
                }
                else {
                    try {
                        // Enum.ToObject allows only integral and enum values (enums are blocked above), rasing ArgumentException for the rest
                        eValue = (SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting)Enum.ToObject(typeof(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting), value);
                    }
                    catch (ArgumentException e) {
                        // to be consistent with the messages we send in case of wrong type usage, replace 
                        // the error with our exception, and keep the original one as inner one for troubleshooting
                        throw ADP.ConvertFailed(value.GetType(), typeof(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting), e);
                    }
                }

                // ensure value is in valid range
                if (IsValidColumnEncryptionSetting(eValue)) {
                    return eValue;
                }
                else {
                    throw ADP.InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting), (int)eValue);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    internal static class DbConnectionStringDefaults {
        // all
//        internal const string NamedConnection           = "";

        // Odbc
        internal const string Driver                    = "";
        internal const string Dsn                       = "";

        // OleDb
        internal const bool   AdoNetPooler              = false;
        internal const string FileName                  = "";
        internal const int    OleDbServices             = ~(/*DBPROPVAL_OS_AGR_AFTERSESSION*/0x00000008 | /*DBPROPVAL_OS_CLIENTCURSOR*/0x00000004); // -13
        internal const string Provider                  = "";

        // OracleClient
        internal const bool   Unicode                   = false;
        internal const bool   OmitOracleConnectionName  = false;

        // SqlClient
        internal const ApplicationIntent ApplicationIntent   = System.Data.SqlClient.ApplicationIntent.ReadWrite;
		internal const string ApplicationName                = ".Net SqlClient Data Provider";
		internal const bool   AsynchronousProcessing         = false;
		internal const string AttachDBFilename               = "";
		internal const int    ConnectTimeout                 = 15;
		internal const bool   ConnectionReset                = true;
		internal const bool   ContextConnection              = false;
		internal const string CurrentLanguage                = "";
		internal const string DataSource                     = "";
		internal const bool   Encrypt                        = false;
		internal const bool   Enlist                         = true;
		internal const string FailoverPartner                = "";
		internal const string InitialCatalog                 = "";
		internal const bool   IntegratedSecurity             = false;
		internal const int    LoadBalanceTimeout             = 0; // default of 0 means don't use
		internal const bool   MultipleActiveResultSets       = false;
		internal const bool   MultiSubnetFailover            = false;
		internal const bool   TransparentNetworkIPResolution = true;
		internal const int    MaxPoolSize                    = 100;
		internal const int    MinPoolSize                    = 0;
		internal const string NetworkLibrary                 = "";
		internal const int    PacketSize                     = 8000;
		internal const string Password                       =  "";
		internal const bool   PersistSecurityInfo            = false;
		internal const bool   Pooling                        = true;
		internal const bool   TrustServerCertificate         = false;
		internal const string TypeSystemVersion              = "Latest";
		internal const string UserID                         = "";
		internal const bool   UserInstance                   = false;
		internal const bool   Replication                    = false;
		internal const string WorkstationID                  = "";
		internal const string TransactionBinding             = "Implicit Unbind";
		internal const int    ConnectRetryCount              = 1;
		internal const int    ConnectRetryInterval           = 10;
        internal static readonly SqlAuthenticationMethod Authentication = SqlAuthenticationMethod.NotSpecified;
        internal static readonly SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting ColumnEncryptionSetting = SqlConnectionColumnEncryptionSetting.Disabled;
        internal const PoolBlockingPeriod PoolBlockingPeriod = SqlClient.PoolBlockingPeriod.Auto;
    }

    internal static class DbConnectionOptionKeywords {
        // Odbc
        internal const string Driver                    = "driver";
        internal const string Pwd                       = "pwd";
        internal const string UID                       = "uid";

        // OleDb
        internal const string DataProvider              = "data provider";
        internal const string ExtendedProperties        = "extended properties";
        internal const string FileName                  = "file name";
        internal const string Provider                  = "provider";
        internal const string RemoteProvider            = "remote provider";

        // common keywords (OleDb, OracleClient, SqlClient)
        internal const string Password                  = "password";
        internal const string UserID                    = "user id";
    }

    internal static class DbConnectionStringKeywords {
        // all
//        internal const string NamedConnection           = "Named Connection";

        // Odbc
        internal const string Driver                    = "Driver";
        internal const string Dsn                       = "Dsn";
        internal const string FileDsn                   = "FileDsn";
        internal const string SaveFile                  = "SaveFile";

        // OleDb
        internal const string FileName                  = "File Name";
        internal const string OleDbServices             = "OLE DB Services";
        internal const string Provider                  = "Provider";

        // OracleClient
        internal const string Unicode                   = "Unicode";
        internal const string OmitOracleConnectionName  = "Omit Oracle Connection Name";

        // SqlClient
		internal const string ApplicationIntent              = "ApplicationIntent";
		internal const string ApplicationName                = "Application Name";
		internal const string AsynchronousProcessing         = "Asynchronous Processing";
		internal const string AttachDBFilename               = "AttachDbFilename";
		internal const string ConnectTimeout                 = "Connect Timeout";
		internal const string ConnectionReset                = "Connection Reset";
		internal const string ContextConnection              = "Context Connection";
		internal const string CurrentLanguage                = "Current Language";
		internal const string Encrypt                        = "Encrypt";
		internal const string FailoverPartner                = "Failover Partner";
		internal const string InitialCatalog                 = "Initial Catalog";
		internal const string MultipleActiveResultSets       = "MultipleActiveResultSets";
		internal const string MultiSubnetFailover            = "MultiSubnetFailover";
		internal const string TransparentNetworkIPResolution = "TransparentNetworkIPResolution";
		internal const string NetworkLibrary                 = "Network Library";
		internal const string PacketSize                     = "Packet Size";
		internal const string Replication                    = "Replication";
		internal const string TransactionBinding             = "Transaction Binding";
		internal const string TrustServerCertificate         = "TrustServerCertificate";
		internal const string TypeSystemVersion              = "Type System Version";
		internal const string UserInstance                   = "User Instance";
		internal const string WorkstationID                  = "Workstation ID";
		internal const string ConnectRetryCount              = "ConnectRetryCount";
		internal const string ConnectRetryInterval           = "ConnectRetryInterval";
		internal const string Authentication                 = "Authentication";
		internal const string Certificate                    = "Certificate";
		internal const string ColumnEncryptionSetting        = "Column Encryption Setting";
        internal const string PoolBlockingPeriod             = "PoolBlockingPeriod";
        
        // common keywords (OleDb, OracleClient, SqlClient)
        internal const string DataSource                = "Data Source";
        internal const string IntegratedSecurity        = "Integrated Security";
        internal const string Password                  = "Password";
        internal const string PersistSecurityInfo       = "Persist Security Info";
        internal const string UserID                    = "User ID";

        // managed pooling (OracleClient, SqlClient)
        internal const string Enlist                    = "Enlist";
        internal const string LoadBalanceTimeout        = "Load Balance Timeout";
        internal const string MaxPoolSize               = "Max Pool Size";
        internal const string Pooling                   = "Pooling";
        internal const string MinPoolSize               = "Min Pool Size";
    }

    internal static class DbConnectionStringSynonyms {
        //internal const string AsynchronousProcessing = Async;
        internal const string Async                  = "async";

        //internal const string ApplicationName        = APP;
        internal const string APP                    = "app";

        //internal const string AttachDBFilename       = EXTENDEDPROPERTIES+","+INITIALFILENAME;
        internal const string EXTENDEDPROPERTIES     = "extended properties";
        internal const string INITIALFILENAME        = "initial file name";

        //internal const string ConnectTimeout         = CONNECTIONTIMEOUT+","+TIMEOUT;
        internal const string CONNECTIONTIMEOUT      = "connection timeout";
        internal const string TIMEOUT                = "timeout";

        //internal const string CurrentLanguage        = LANGUAGE;
        internal const string LANGUAGE               = "language";

        //internal const string OraDataSource          = SERVER;
        //internal const string SqlDataSource          = ADDR+","+ADDRESS+","+SERVER+","+NETWORKADDRESS;
        internal const string ADDR                   = "addr";
        internal const string ADDRESS                = "address";
        internal const string SERVER                 = "server";
        internal const string NETWORKADDRESS         = "network address";

        //internal const string InitialCatalog         = DATABASE;
        internal const string DATABASE               = "database";

        //internal const string IntegratedSecurity     = TRUSTEDCONNECTION;
        internal const string TRUSTEDCONNECTION      = "trusted_connection"; // underscore introduced in everett

        //internal const string LoadBalanceTimeout     = ConnectionLifetime;
        internal const string ConnectionLifetime     = "connection lifetime";

        //internal const string NetworkLibrary         = NET+","+NETWORK;
        internal const string NET                    = "net";
        internal const string NETWORK                = "network";

        internal const string WorkaroundOracleBug914652 = "Workaround Oracle Bug 914652";

        //internal const string Password               = Pwd;
        internal const string Pwd                    = "pwd";

        //internal const string PersistSecurityInfo    = PERSISTSECURITYINFO;
        internal const string PERSISTSECURITYINFO    = "persistsecurityinfo";

        //internal const string UserID                 = UID+","+User;
        internal const string UID                    = "uid";
        internal const string User                   = "user";

        //internal const string WorkstationID          = WSID;
        internal const string WSID                   = "wsid";
    }
}