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namespace System.Web.Mvc.ExpressionUtil {
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
// Expression fingerprint chain class
// Contains information used for generalizing, comparing, and recreating Expression instances
//
// Since Expression objects are immutable and are recreated for every invocation of an expression
// helper method, they can't be compared directly. Fingerprinting Expression objects allows
// information about them to be abstracted away, and the fingerprints can be directly compared.
// Consider the process of fingerprinting that all values (parameters, constants, etc.) are hoisted
// and replaced with dummies. What remains can be decomposed into a sequence of operations on specific
// types and specific inputs.
//
// Some sample fingerprints chains:
//
// 2 + 4 -> OP_ADD, CONST:int, NULL, CONST:int
// 2 + 8 -> OP_ADD, CONST:int, NULL, CONST:int
// 2.0 + 4.0 -> OP_ADD, CONST:double, NULL, CONST:double
//
// 2 + 4 and 2 + 8 have the same fingerprint, but 2.0 + 4.0 has a different fingerprint since its
// underlying types differ. Note that this looks a bit like prefix notation and is a side effect
// of how the ExpressionVisitor class recurses into expressions. (Occasionally there will be a NULL
// in the fingerprint chain, which depending on context can denote a static member, a null Conversion
// in a BinaryExpression, and so forth.)
//
// "Hello " + "world" -> OP_ADD, CONST:string, NULL, CONST:string
// "Hello " + {model} -> OP_ADD, CONST:string, NULL, PARAM_0:string
//
// These string concatenations have different fingerprints since the inputs are provided differently:
// one is a constant, the other is a parameter.
//
// ({model} ?? "sample").Length -> MEMBER_ACCESS(String.Length), OP_COALESCE, PARAM_0:string, NULL, CONST:string
// ({model} ?? "other sample").Length -> MEMBER_ACCESS(String.Length), OP_COALESCE, PARAM_0:string, NULL, CONST:string
//
// These expressions have the same fingerprint since all constants of the same underlying type are
// treated equally.
//
// It's also important that the fingerprints don't reference the actual Expression objects that were
// used to generate them, as the fingerprints will be cached, and caching a fingerprint that references
// an Expression will root the Expression (and any objects it references).
internal sealed class ExpressionFingerprintChain : IEquatable<ExpressionFingerprintChain> {
public readonly List<ExpressionFingerprint> Elements = new List<ExpressionFingerprint>();
public bool Equals(ExpressionFingerprintChain other) {
// Two chains are considered equal if two elements appearing in the same index in
// each chain are equal (value equality, not referential equality).
if (other == null) {
return false;
}
if (this.Elements.Count != other.Elements.Count) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < this.Elements.Count; i++) {
if (!Object.Equals(this.Elements[i], other.Elements[i])) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public override bool Equals(object obj) {
return Equals(obj as ExpressionFingerprintChain);
}
public override int GetHashCode() {
HashCodeCombiner combiner = new HashCodeCombiner();
Elements.ForEach(combiner.AddFingerprint);
return combiner.CombinedHash;
}
}
}
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