// ==++==
// 
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
// ==--==

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

namespace System.Numerics {

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    internal struct DoubleUlong {
      [FieldOffset(0)]
      public double dbl;
      [FieldOffset(0)]
      public ulong uu;
    }


    internal static class NumericsHelpers {
    private const int kcbitUint = 32;

    public static void GetDoubleParts(double dbl, out int sign, out int exp, out ulong man, out bool fFinite) {
      Contract.Ensures(Contract.ValueAtReturn(out sign) == +1 || Contract.ValueAtReturn(out sign) == -1);

      DoubleUlong du;
      du.uu = 0;
      du.dbl = dbl;

      sign = 1 - ((int)(du.uu >> 62) & 2);
      man = du.uu & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF;
      exp = (int)(du.uu >> 52) & 0x7FF;
      if (exp == 0) {
        // Denormalized number.
        fFinite = true;
        if (man != 0)
          exp = -1074;
      }
      else if (exp == 0x7FF) {
        // NaN or Inifite.
        fFinite = false;
        exp = int.MaxValue;
      }
      else {
        fFinite = true;
        man |= 0x0010000000000000;
        exp -= 1075;
      }
    }

    public static double GetDoubleFromParts(int sign, int exp, ulong man) {
      DoubleUlong du;
      du.dbl = 0;

      if (man == 0)
        du.uu = 0;
      else {
        // Normalize so that 0x0010 0000 0000 0000 is the highest bit set.
        int cbitShift = CbitHighZero(man) - 11;
        if (cbitShift < 0)
          man >>= -cbitShift;
        else
          man <<= cbitShift;
        exp -= cbitShift;
        Contract.Assert((man & 0xFFF0000000000000) == 0x0010000000000000);

        // Move the point to just behind the leading 1: 0x001.0 0000 0000 0000
        // (52 bits) and skew the exponent (by 0x3FF == 1023).
        exp += 1075;

        if (exp >= 0x7FF) {
          // Infinity.
          du.uu = 0x7FF0000000000000;
        }
        else if (exp <= 0) {
          // Denormalized.
          exp--;
          if (exp < -52) {
            // Underflow to zero.
            du.uu = 0;
          }
          else {
            du.uu = man >> -exp;
            Contract.Assert(du.uu != 0);
          }
        }
        else {
          // Mask off the implicit high bit.
          du.uu = (man & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)exp << 52);
        }
      }

      if (sign < 0)
        du.uu |= 0x8000000000000000;

      return du.dbl;
    }



    // Do an in-place twos complement of d and also return the result.
    // "Dangerous" because it causes a mutation and needs to be used
    // with care for immutable types
    public static uint[] DangerousMakeTwosComplement(uint[] d) {
        // first do complement and +1 as long as carry is needed
        int i = 0;
        uint v = 0;
        for (; i < d.Length; i++) {
            v = ~d[i] + 1;
            d[i] = v;
            if (v != 0) { i++; break; }
        }
        if (v != 0) {
            // now ones complement is sufficient
            for (; i < d.Length; i++) {
                d[i] = ~d[i];
            }
        } else {
            //??? this is weird
            d = resize(d, d.Length + 1);
            d[d.Length - 1] = 1;
        }
        return d;
    }

    public static uint[] resize(uint[] v, int len) {
        if (v.Length == len) return v;
        uint[] ret = new uint[len];
        int n = System.Math.Min(v.Length, len);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ret[i] = v[i];
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) {
      T tmp = a;
      a = b;
      b = tmp;
    }

    public static uint GCD(uint u1, uint u2) {
      const int cvMax = 32;
      if (u1 < u2)
        goto LOther;
    LTop:
      Contract.Assert(u2 <= u1);
      if (u2 == 0)
        return u1;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        u1 -= u2;
        if (u1 < u2)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          u1 %= u2;
          break;
        }
      }
    LOther:
      Contract.Assert(u1 < u2);
      if (u1 == 0)
        return u2;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        u2 -= u1;
        if (u2 < u1)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          u2 %= u1;
          break;
        }
      }
      goto LTop;
    }

    public static ulong GCD(ulong uu1, ulong uu2) {
      const int cvMax = 32;
      if (uu1 < uu2)
        goto LOther;
    LTop:
      Contract.Assert(uu2 <= uu1);
      if (uu1 <= uint.MaxValue)
        goto LSmall;
      if (uu2 == 0)
        return uu1;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        uu1 -= uu2;
        if (uu1 < uu2)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          uu1 %= uu2;
          break;
        }
      }
    LOther:
      Contract.Assert(uu1 < uu2);
      if (uu2 <= uint.MaxValue)
        goto LSmall;
      if (uu1 == 0)
        return uu2;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        uu2 -= uu1;
        if (uu2 < uu1)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          uu2 %= uu1;
          break;
        }
      }
      goto LTop;

    LSmall:
      uint u1 = (uint)uu1;
      uint u2 = (uint)uu2;
      if (u1 < u2)
        goto LOtherSmall;
    LTopSmall:
      Contract.Assert(u2 <= u1);
      if (u2 == 0)
        return u1;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        u1 -= u2;
        if (u1 < u2)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          u1 %= u2;
          break;
        }
      }
    LOtherSmall:
      Contract.Assert(u1 < u2);
      if (u1 == 0)
        return u2;
      for (int cv = cvMax; ; ) {
        u2 -= u1;
        if (u2 < u1)
          break;
        if (--cv == 0) {
          u2 %= u1;
          break;
        }
      }
      goto LTopSmall;
    }

    public static ulong MakeUlong(uint uHi, uint uLo) {
      return ((ulong)uHi << kcbitUint) | uLo;
    }

    public static uint GetLo(ulong uu) {
      return (uint)uu;
    }

    public static uint GetHi(ulong uu) {
      return (uint)(uu >> kcbitUint);
    }

    public static uint Abs(int a) {
      uint mask = (uint)(a >> 31);
      return ((uint)a ^ mask) - mask;
    }

//    public static ulong Abs(long a) {
//      ulong mask = (ulong)(a >> 63);
//      return ((ulong)a ^ mask) - mask;
//    }

    public static uint CombineHash(uint u1, uint u2) {
      return ((u1 << 7) | (u1 >> 25)) ^ u2;
    }

    public static int CombineHash(int n1, int n2) {
      return (int)CombineHash((uint)n1, (uint)n2);
    }
    public static int CbitHighZero(uint u) {
      if (u == 0)
        return 32;

      int cbit = 0;
      if ((u & 0xFFFF0000) == 0) {
        cbit += 16;
        u <<= 16;
      }
      if ((u & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
        cbit += 8;
        u <<= 8;
      }
      if ((u & 0xF0000000) == 0) {
        cbit += 4;
        u <<= 4;
      }
      if ((u & 0xC0000000) == 0) {
        cbit += 2;
        u <<= 2;
      }
      if ((u & 0x80000000) == 0)
        cbit += 1;
      return cbit;
    }

    public static int CbitLowZero(uint u) {
      if (u == 0)
        return 32;

      int cbit = 0;
      if ((u & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) {
        cbit += 16;
        u >>= 16;
      }
      if ((u & 0x000000FF) == 0) {
        cbit += 8;
        u >>= 8;
      }
      if ((u & 0x0000000F) == 0) {
        cbit += 4;
        u >>= 4;
      }
      if ((u & 0x00000003) == 0) {
        cbit += 2;
        u >>= 2;
      }
      if ((u & 0x00000001) == 0)
        cbit += 1;
      return cbit;
    }

    public static int CbitHighZero(ulong uu) {
      if ((uu & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) == 0)
        return 32 + CbitHighZero((uint)uu);
      return CbitHighZero((uint)(uu >> 32));
    }

//    public static int CbitLowZero(ulong uu) {
//      if ((uint)uu == 0)
//        return 32 + CbitLowZero((uint)(uu >> 32));
//      return CbitLowZero((uint)uu);
//    }
//
//    public static int Cbit(uint u) {
//      u = (u & 0x55555555) + ((u >> 1) & 0x55555555);
//      u = (u & 0x33333333) + ((u >> 2) & 0x33333333);
//      u = (u & 0x0F0F0F0F) + ((u >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
//      u = (u & 0x00FF00FF) + ((u >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF);
//      return (int)((ushort)u + (ushort)(u >> 16));
//    }
//
//    static int Cbit(ulong uu) {
//      uu = (uu & 0x5555555555555555) + ((uu >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555);
//      uu = (uu & 0x3333333333333333) + ((uu >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333);
//      uu = (uu & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F) + ((uu >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F);
//      uu = (uu & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF) + ((uu >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF);
//      uu = (uu & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF) + ((uu >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF);
//      return (int)((uint)uu + (uint)(uu >> 32));
//    }
  }
}