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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>INSERT(SQL) manual page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<A HREF="sql.html">SQL Reference Contents</A>
<H2><A NAME="sect0" HREF="#toc0">NAME </A></H2>
insert - insert tuples to a relation
<H2><A NAME="sect1" HREF="#toc1">SYNOPSIS </A></H2>
<B>insert </B> into classname
<BR>
[(att.expr-1 [,att_expr.i] )] <BR>
{<B>values </B> (expression1 [,expression-i]
) | <BR>
<B>select </B> [distinct] <BR>
expression1 [,expression-i] <BR>
[<B>from
</B> from-list] [<B>where </B> qual] <BR>
[<B>group by </B> attr_name1 {, attr_name-i....}] <BR>
[<B>union {all} select </B> ...] <BR>
<H2><A NAME="sect2" HREF="#toc2">DESCRIPTION </A></H2>
<B>Insert</B> adds instances that satisfy
the qualification, <I>qual</I>, to <I>classname</I>. <I>Classname</I> must be the name of an
existing class. The target list specifies the values of the fields to
be appended to <I>classname</I>. That is, each <I>att_expr</I> specifies a field (either
an attribute name or an attribute name plus an array specification) to
which the corresponding <I>expression</I> should be assigned. The fields in
the target list may be listed in any order. Fields of the result class
which do not appear in the target list default to NULL. If the expression
for each field is not of the correct data type, automatic type coercion
will be attempted. <P>
An array initialization may take exactly one of the
following forms: -- <BR>
-- Specify a lower and upper index for each dimension
<BR>
-- <BR>
att_name[lIndex-1:uIndex-1]..[lIndex-i:uIndex-i] = array_str <BR>
<P>
-- <BR>
--Specify
only the upper index for each dimension <BR>
--(each lower index defaults to
1) <BR>
-- <BR>
att_name[uIndex-1]..[uIndex-i] = array_str <BR>
<P>
-- <BR>
--Use the upper index bounds
as specified within array_str <BR>
--(each lower index defaults to 1) <BR>
-- <BR>
att_name
= array_str <BR>
where each <I>lIndex</I> or <I>uIndex</I> is an integer constant and <I>array_str</I>
is an array constant (see <I><A HREF="pgintro.1.html">pgintro</I>(1)</A>
). <P>
<P>
If the user does not specify any
array bounds (as in the third form) then Postgres will attempt to deduce
the actual array bounds from the contents of <I>array_str</I>. <P>
If the user does
specify explicit array bounds (as in the first and second forms) then
the array may be initialized partly or fully using a C-like syntax for
array initialization. However, the uninitialized array elements will contain
garbage. <P>
You must have write or append access to a class in order to append
to it, as well as read access on any class whose values are read in the
target list or qualification (see <I>change <A HREF="acl.l.html">acl</I>(l)</A>
).
<H2><A NAME="sect3" HREF="#toc3">EXAMPLES </A></H2>
-- <BR>
--Make a new
employee Jones work for Smith <BR>
-- <BR>
insert into emp <BR>
select newemp.name,
newemp.salary, <BR>
<tt> </tt><tt> </tt>"Smith", 1990-newemp.age <BR>
<tt> </tt><tt> </tt>from newemp <BR>
<tt> </tt><tt> </tt>where name = "Jones"
<BR>
-- <BR>
--Insert into newemp class to newemp <BR>
-- <BR>
insert into newemp <BR>
select
* from newemp1 <BR>
-- <BR>
--Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses
<BR>
--(all of these queries create the same board attribute) <BR>
-- <BR>
insert into
tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3]) <BR>
values(1,'{{"","",""},{},{"",""}}')
<BR>
insert into tictactoe (game, board[3][3]) <BR>
values (2,'{}') <BR>
insert
into tictactoe (game, board) <BR>
values (3,'{{,,},{,,},{,,}}') <BR>
<H2><A NAME="sect4" HREF="#toc4">SEE ALSO
</A></H2>
create <A HREF="table.l.html">table(l)</A>
, create <A HREF="type.l.html">type(l)</A>
, <A HREF="update.l.html">update(l)</A>
, <A HREF="select.l.html">select(l)</A>
<P>
<HR><P>
<A NAME="toc"><B>Table of Contents</B></A><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc0" HREF="#sect0">NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc1" HREF="#sect1">SYNOPSIS</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc2" HREF="#sect2">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc3" HREF="#sect3">EXAMPLES</A></LI>
<LI><A NAME="toc4" HREF="#sect4">SEE ALSO</A></LI>
</UL>
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