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2.4 Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
For a list of supported Mac OS X versions that the MySQL
server supports, see
http://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html
.
MySQL for Mac OS X is available in a number of different
forms:
* Native Package Installer format, which uses the native
Mac OS X installer (DMG) to walk you through the
installation of MySQL. For more information, see Section
2.4.2, "Installing MySQL on Mac OS X Using Native
Packages." You can use the package installer with Mac OS
X 10.6 and later, and the package is available for both
32-bit and 64-bit architectures. The user you use to
perform the installation must have administrator
privileges.
* Tar package format, which uses a file packaged using the
Unix tar and gzip commands. To use this method, you will
need to open a Terminal window. You do not need
administrator privileges using this method, as you can
install the MySQL server anywhere using this method. For
more information on using this method, you can use the
generic instructions for using a tarball, Section 2.2,
"Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic
Binaries."You can use the package installer with Mac OS X
10.6 and later, and available for both 32-bit and 64-bit
architectures.
In addition to the core installation, the Package
Installer also includes Section 2.4.4, "Installing the
MySQL Startup Item" and Section 2.4.5, "Installing and
Using the MySQL Preference Pane," both of which simplify
the management of your installation.
* Mac OS X server includes a version of MySQL as standard.
If you want to use a more recent version than that
supplied with the Mac OS X server release, you can make
use of the package or tar formats. For more information
on using the MySQL bundled with Mac OS X, see Section
2.4.6, "Using the Bundled MySQL on Mac OS X Server."
For additional information on using MySQL on Mac OS X, see
Section 2.4.1, "General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS
X."
2.4.1 General Notes on Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
You should keep the following issues and notes in mind:
* OS X 10.4 deprecated startup items in favor of launchd
daemons, and as of OS X 10.10 (Yosemite), startup items
do not function. For these reasons, using launchd daemons
is preferred over startup items.
* The default location for the MySQL Unix socket is
different on Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server depending on
the installation type you chose. The following table
shows the default locations by installation type.
Table 2.8 MySQL Unix Socket Locations on Mac OS X by
Installation Type
Installation Type Socket Location
Package Installer from MySQL /tmp/mysql.sock
Tarball from MySQL /tmp/mysql.sock
MySQL Bundled with Mac OS X Server /var/mysql/mysql.sock
To prevent issues, you should either change the
configuration of the socket used within your application
(for example, changing php.ini), or you should configure
the socket location using a MySQL configuration file and
the socket option. For more information, see Section
5.1.3, "Server Command Options."
* You may need (or want) to create a specific mysql user to
own the MySQL directory and data. You can do this through
the Directory Utility, and the mysql user should already
exist. For use in single user mode, an entry for _mysql
(note the underscore prefix) should already exist within
the system /etc/passwd file.
* If you get an "insecure startup item disabled" error when
MySQL launches, use the following procedure. Adjust the
pathnames appropriately for your system.
1. Modify the mysql.script using this command (enter it
on a single line):
shell> sudo /Applications/TextEdit.app/Contents/MacOS/TextEdit
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
2. Locate the option file that defines the basedir
value and modify it to contain these lines:
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
In the /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/ directory,
make the following group ID changes from staff to
wheel:
shell> sudo chgrp wheel MySQLCOM StartupParameters.plist
3. Start the server from System Preferences or
Terminal.app.
* Because the MySQL package installer installs the MySQL
contents into a version and platform specific directory,
you can use this to upgrade and migrate your database
between versions. You will need to either copy the data
directory from the old version to the new version, or
alternatively specify an alternative datadir value to set
location of the data directory.
* You might want to add aliases to your shell's resource
file to make it easier to access commonly used programs
such as mysql and mysqladmin from the command line. The
syntax for bash is:
alias mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
alias mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
For tcsh, use:
alias mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
alias mysqladmin /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
Even better, add /usr/local/mysql/bin to your PATH
environment variable. You can do this by modifying the
appropriate startup file for your shell. For more
information, see Section 4.2.1, "Invoking MySQL
Programs."
* After you have copied over the MySQL database files from
the previous installation and have successfully started
the new server, you should consider removing the old
installation files to save disk space. Additionally, you
should also remove older versions of the Package Receipt
directories located in
/Library/Receipts/mysql-VERSION.pkg.
2.4.2 Installing MySQL on Mac OS X Using Native Packages
The package is located inside a disk image (.dmg) file that
you first need to mount by double-clicking its icon in the
Finder. It should then mount the image and display its
contents.
Note
Before proceeding with the installation, be sure to stop all
running MySQL server instances by using either the MySQL
Manager Application (on Mac OS X Server) or mysqladmin
shutdown on the command line.
When installing from the package version, you should also
install the MySQL Preference Pane, which will enable you to
control the startup and execution of your MySQL server from
System Preferences. For more information, see Section 2.4.5,
"Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane."
When installing using the package installer, the files are
installed into a directory within /usr/local matching the
name of the installation version and platform. For example,
the installer file mysql-5.5-osx10.7-x86_64.dmg installs
MySQL into /usr/local/mysql-5.5-osx10.7-x86_64/ . The
following table shows the layout of the installation
directory.
Table 2.9 MySQL Installation Layout on Mac OS X
Directory Contents of Directory
bin Client programs and the mysqld server
data Log files, databases
docs Helper documents, like the Release Notes and build
information
include Include (header) files
lib Libraries
man Unix manual pages
mysql-test MySQL test suite
scripts mysql_install_db
share Miscellaneous support files, including error messages,
sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
sql-bench Benchmarks
support-files Scripts and sample configuration files
/tmp/mysql.sock Location of the MySQL Unix socket
During the package installer process, a symbolic link from
/usr/local/mysql to the version/platform specific directory
created during installation will be created automatically.
1. Download and open the MySQL package installer, which is
provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes the main
MySQL installation package, the MySQLStartupItem.pkg
installation package, and the MySQL.prefPane.
Double-click the disk image to open it.
Figure 2.41 MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
2. Double-click the MySQL installer package. It will be
named according to the version of MySQL you have
downloaded. For example, if you have downloaded MySQL
server 5.5.42, double-click
mysql-5.5.42-osx-10.7-x86_64.pkg.
3. You will be presented with the opening installer dialog.
Click Continue to begin installation.
Figure 2.42 MySQL Package Installer: Introduction
MySQL Package Installer: Introduction
4. A copy of the installation instructions and other
important information relevant to this installation are
displayed. Click Continue .
5. If you have downloaded the community version of MySQL,
you will be shown a copy of the relevant GNU General
Public License. Click Continue .
6. Select the drive you want to use to install the MySQL
Startup Item. The drive must have a valid, bootable, Mac
OS X operating system installed. Click Continue.
Figure 2.43 MySQL Package Installer: Choose your Hard
drive
MySQL Package Installer: Choose your Hard drive
7. You will be asked to confirm the details of the
installation, including the space required for the
installation. To change the drive on which the MySQL
server is installed, click either Go Back or Change
Install Location.... To install the MySQL server, click
Install.
8. Once the installation has been completed successfully,
you will be shown an Install Succeeded message.
For convenience, you may also want to install the startup
item and preference pane. See Section 2.4.4, "Installing the
MySQL Startup Item," and Section 2.4.5, "Installing and Using
the MySQL Preference Pane."
2.4.3 Installing a MySQL Launch Daemon
OS X uses launch daemons to automatically start, stop, and
manage processes and applications such as MySQL. Using launch
daemons is recommended over startup items on OS X.
Note
OS X 10.4 deprecated startup items in favor of launchd
daemons, and as of OS X 10.10 (Yosemite), startup items do
not function. For these reasons, using launchd daemons is
preferred over startup items.
Here is an example launchd file that starts MySQL:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<true/>
<key>Label</key>
<string>com.mysql.mysqld</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe</string>
<string>--user=mysql</string>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
Adjust the ProgramArguments array according to your system,
as for example your path to mysqld_safe might be different.
After making the proper adjustments, do the following:
* Save the XML as a file named
/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysql.plist
* Adjust the file permissions using the Apple recommended
owner "root", owning group "wheel", and file permissions
"644"
shell> sudo chown root:wheel /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysql.pl
ist
shell> sudo chmod 644 /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysql.plist
* Enable this new MySQL service
shell> sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.mysql.mysql.p
list
The MySQL daemon is now running, and automatically starts
when your system is rebooted.
2.4.4 Installing the MySQL Startup Item
The MySQL Installation Package includes a startup item that
can be used to automatically start and stop MySQL.
Important
Startup items are deprecated in favor of launchd daemons. For
additional information, see Section 2.4.3, "Installing a
MySQL Launch Daemon."
To install the MySQL Startup Item:
1. Download and open the MySQL package installer, which is
provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes the main
MySQL installation package, the MySQLStartupItem.pkg
installation package, and the MySQL.prefPane.
Double-click the disk image to open it.
Figure 2.44 MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
2. Double-click the MySQLStartItem.pkg file to start the
installation process.
3. You will be presented with the Install MySQL Startup Item
dialog.
Figure 2.45 MySQL Startup Item Installer: Introduction
MySQL Startup Item Installer: Introduction
Click Continue to continue the installation process.
4. A copy of the installation instructions and other
important information relevant to this installation are
displayed. Click Continue .
5. Select the drive you want to use to install the MySQL
Startup Item. The drive must have a valid, bootable, Mac
OS X operating system installed. Click Continue.
Figure 2.46 MySQL Startup Item Installer: Choose Your
Hard drive
MySQL Startup Item Installer: Choose Your Hard drive
6. You will be asked to confirm the details of the
installation. To change the drive on which the startup
item is installed, click either Go Back or Change Install
Location.... To install the startup item, click Install.
7. Once the installation has been completed successfully,
you will be shown an Install Succeeded message.
Figure 2.47 MySQL Startup Item Installer: Summary
MySQL Startup Item Installer: Summary
The Startup Item for MySQL is installed into
/Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM. The Startup Item installation
adds a variable MYSQLCOM=-YES- to the system configuration
file /etc/hostconfig. If you want to disable the automatic
startup of MySQL, change this variable to MYSQLCOM=-NO-.
Note
Deselecting Automatically Start MySQL Server on Startup from
the MySQL Preference Pane sets the MYSQLCOM variable to -NO-.
After the installation, you can start and stop the MySQL
server from the MySQL Preference Pane (preferred), or by
running the following commands in a terminal window. You must
have administrator privileges to perform these tasks, and you
may be prompted for your password.
If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to
start the server:
shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM start
If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command to
stop the server:
shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM stop
2.4.5 Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane
The MySQL Package installer disk image also includes a custom
MySQL Preference Pane that enables you to start, stop, and
control automated startup during boot of your MySQL
installation.
To install the MySQL Preference Pane:
1. Download and open the MySQL package installer package,
which is provided on a disk image (.dmg) that includes
the main MySQL installation package, the
MySQLStartupItem.pkg installation package, and the
MySQL.prefPane. Double-click the disk image to open it.
Figure 2.48 MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
MySQL Package Installer: DMG Contents
2. Double-click the MySQL.prefPane. The MySQL System
Preferences will open.
3. If this is the first time you have installed the
preference pane, you will be asked to confirm
installation and whether you want to install the
preference pane for all users, or only the current user.
To install the preference pane for all users you will
need administrator privileges. If necessary, you will be
prompted for the username and password for a user with
administrator privileges.
4. If you already have the MySQL Preference Pane installed,
you will be asked to confirm whether you want to
overwrite the existing MySQL Preference Pane.
Note
The MySQL Preference Pane only starts and stops MySQL
installation installed from the MySQL package installation
that have been installed in the default location.
Once the MySQL Preference Pane has been installed, you can
control your MySQL server instance using the preference pane.
To use the preference pane, open the System Preferences...
from the Apple menu. Select the MySQL preference pane by
clicking the MySQL logo within the Other section of the
preference panes list.
Figure 2.49 MySQL Preference Pane: Location
MySQL Preference Pane: Location
The MySQL Preference Pane shows the current status of the
MySQL server, showing stopped (in red) if the server is not
running and running (in green) if the server has already been
started. The preference pane also shows the current setting
for whether the MySQL server has been set to start
automatically.
* To start the MySQL server using the preference pane:
Click Start MySQL Server. You may be prompted for the
username and password of a user with administrator
privileges to start the MySQL server.
* To stop the MySQL server using the preference pane:
Click Stop MySQL Server. You may be prompted for the
username and password of a user with administrator
privileges to stop the MySQL server.
* To automatically start the MySQL server when the system
boots:
Check the check box next to Automatically Start MySQL
Server on Startup.
* To disable automatic MySQL server startup when the system
boots:
Uncheck the check box next to Automatically Start MySQL
Server on Startup.
You can close the System Preferences... window once you have
completed your settings.
2.4.6 Using the Bundled MySQL on Mac OS X Server
If you are running Mac OS X Server, a version of MySQL should
already be installed. The following table shows the versions
of MySQL that ship with Mac OS X Server versions.
Table 2.10 MySQL Versions Preinstalled with Mac OS X Server
Mac OS X Server Version MySQL Version
10.2-10.2.2 3.23.51
10.2.3-10.2.6 3.23.53
10.3 4.0.14
10.3.2 4.0.16
10.4.0 4.1.10a
10.5.0 5.0.45
10.6.0 5.0.82
The following table shows the installation layout of MySQL on
Mac OS X Server.
Table 2.11 MySQL Directory Layout for Preinstalled MySQL
Installations on Mac OS X Server
Directory Contents of Directory
/usr/bin Client programs
/var/mysql Log files, databases
/usr/libexec The mysqld server
/usr/share/man Unix manual pages
/usr/share/mysql/mysql-test MySQL test suite
/usr/share/mysql Miscellaneous support files, including error
messages, character set files, sample configuration files,
SQL for database installation
/var/mysql/mysql.sock Location of the MySQL Unix socket
Additional Resources
* For more information on managing the bundled MySQL
instance in Mac OS X Server 10.5, see Mac OS X Server:
Web Technologies Administration For Version 10.5 Leopard
(http://images.apple.com/server/macosx/docs/Web_Technolog
ies_Admin_v10.5.pdf).
* For more information on managing the bundled MySQL
instance in Mac OS X Server 10.6, see Mac OS X Server:
Web Technologies Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard
(http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/WebTech_v10.6.pdf).
* The MySQL server bundled with Mac OS X Server does not
include the MySQL client libraries and header files
required to access and use MySQL from a third-party
driver, such as Perl DBI or PHP. For more information on
obtaining and installing MySQL libraries, see Mac OS X
Server version 10.5: MySQL libraries available for
download (http://support.apple.com/kb/TA25017).
Alternatively, you can ignore the bundled MySQL server
and install MySQL from the package or tarball
installation.
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