/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2006, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, as published by the
Free Software Foundation.

This program is designed to work with certain software (including
but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
separately licensed software that they have either included with
the program or referenced in the documentation.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA

*****************************************************************************/

/** @file buf/buf0buddy.cc
 Binary buddy allocator for compressed pages

 Created December 2006 by Marko Makela
 *******************************************************/

#include "buf0buddy.h"

#include "buf0buf.h"
#include "buf0flu.h"
#include "buf0lru.h"
#include "dict0dict.h"

#include "page0zip.h"

/** When freeing a buf we attempt to coalesce by looking at its buddy
and deciding whether it is free or not. To ascertain if the buddy is
free we look for BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE at BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET
within the buddy. The question is how we can be sure that it is
safe to look at BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET.
The answer lies in following invariants:
* All blocks allocated by buddy allocator are used for compressed
page frame.
* A compressed table always have space_id < dict_sys_t::s_log_space_id
* BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET always points to the space_id field in
a frame.
  -- The above is true because we look at these fields when the
     corresponding buddy block is free which implies that:
     - The block we are looking at must have an address aligned at
       the same size that its free buddy has. For example, if we have
       a free block of 8K then its buddy's address must be aligned at
       8K as well.
     - It is possible that the block we are looking at may have been
       further divided into smaller sized blocks but its starting
       address must still remain the start of a page frame i.e.: it
       cannot be middle of a block. For example, if we have a free
       block of size 8K then its buddy may be divided into blocks
       of, say, 1K, 1K, 2K, 4K but the buddy's address will still be
       the starting address of first 1K compressed page.
     - What is important to note is that for any given block, the
       buddy's address cannot be in the middle of a larger block i.e.:
       in above example, our 8K block cannot have a buddy whose address
       is aligned on 8K but it is part of a larger 16K block.
*/

/** Offset within buf_buddy_free_t where free or non_free stamps
are written.*/
constexpr uint32_t BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET = FIL_PAGE_ARCH_LOG_NO_OR_SPACE_ID;

/** Value that we stamp on all buffers that are currently on the zip_free
list. This value is stamped at BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET offset */
constexpr uint64_t BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE = dict_sys_t::s_log_space_id;

/** Stamp value for non-free buffers. Will be overwritten by a non-zero
value by the consumer of the block */
[[maybe_unused]] constexpr uint64_t BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_NONFREE = 0XFFFFFFFFUL;

/** Return type of buf_buddy_is_free() */
enum buf_buddy_state_t {
  BUF_BUDDY_STATE_FREE,          /*!< If the buddy to completely free */
  BUF_BUDDY_STATE_USED,          /*!< Buddy currently in used */
  BUF_BUDDY_STATE_PARTIALLY_USED /*!< Some sub-blocks in the buddy
                           are in use */
};

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG_VALGRIND
/** Invalidate memory area that we won't access while page is free */
static inline void buf_buddy_mem_invalid(
    buf_buddy_free_t *buf, /*!< in: block to check */
    ulint i)               /*!< in: index of zip_free[] */
{
  const size_t size = BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i;
  ut_ad(i <= BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);

  UNIV_MEM_ASSERT_W(buf, size);
  UNIV_MEM_INVALID(buf, size);
}
#else  /* UNIV_DEBUG_VALGRIND */
static inline void buf_buddy_mem_invalid(buf_buddy_free_t *, ulint i) {
  ut_ad(i <= BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
}
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG_VALGRIND */

/** Check if a buddy is stamped free.
 @return whether the buddy is free */
[[nodiscard]] static inline bool buf_buddy_stamp_is_free(
    const buf_buddy_free_t *buf) /*!< in: block to check */
{
  return (mach_read_from_4(buf->stamp.bytes + BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET) ==
          BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE);
}

/** Stamps a buddy free. */
static inline void buf_buddy_stamp_free(
    buf_buddy_free_t *buf, /*!< in/out: block to stamp */
    ulint i)               /*!< in: block size */
{
  ut_d(memset(&buf->stamp, static_cast<int>(i), BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i));
  buf_buddy_mem_invalid(buf, i);
  mach_write_to_4(buf->stamp.bytes + BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET,
                  BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE);
  buf->stamp.size = i;
}

/** Stamps a buddy nonfree.
 @param[in,out] buf     block to stamp
 @param[in]     i       block size */
static inline void buf_buddy_stamp_nonfree(buf_buddy_free_t *buf, ulint i) {
  buf_buddy_mem_invalid(buf, i);
  memset(buf->stamp.bytes + BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET, 0xff, 4);
}

/** Get the offset of the buddy of a compressed page frame.
 @return the buddy relative of page */
static inline void *buf_buddy_get(byte *page, /*!< in: compressed page */
                                  ulint size) /*!< in: page size in bytes */
{
  ut_ad(ut_is_2pow(size));
  ut_ad(size >= BUF_BUDDY_LOW);
  static_assert(BUF_BUDDY_LOW <= UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN);
  ut_ad(size < BUF_BUDDY_HIGH);
  ut_ad(BUF_BUDDY_HIGH == UNIV_PAGE_SIZE);
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(page, size));

  if (((ulint)page) & size) {
    return (page - size);
  } else {
    return (page + size);
  }
}

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
/** Validate a given zip_free list. */
struct CheckZipFree {
  CheckZipFree(ulint i) : m_i(i) {}

  void operator()(const buf_buddy_free_t *elem) const {
    ut_a(buf_buddy_stamp_is_free(elem));
    ut_a(elem->stamp.size <= m_i);
  }

  ulint m_i;
};

/** Validate a buddy list.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      i               buddy size to validate */
static void buf_buddy_list_validate(const buf_pool_t *buf_pool, ulint i) {
  CheckZipFree check(i);
  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_list_validate(buf_pool->zip_free[i], check);
}

/** Debug function to validate that a buffer is indeed free i.e.: in the
zip_free[].
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      buf             block to check
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
@return true if free */
static inline bool buf_buddy_check_free(buf_pool_t *buf_pool,
                                        const buf_buddy_free_t *buf, ulint i) {
  const ulint size = BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i;

  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(buf, size));
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));

  for (auto itr : buf_pool->zip_free[i]) {
    if (itr == buf) return true;
  }

  return false;
}
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */

/** Checks if a buf is free i.e.: in the zip_free[].
 @retval BUF_BUDDY_STATE_FREE if fully free
 @retval BUF_BUDDY_STATE_USED if currently in use
 @retval BUF_BUDDY_STATE_PARTIALLY_USED if partially in use. */
[[nodiscard]] static buf_buddy_state_t buf_buddy_is_free(
    buf_buddy_free_t *buf, /*!< in: block to check */
    ulint i)               /*!< in: index of
                           buf_pool->zip_free[] */
{
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
  const ulint size = BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i;
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(buf, size));
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */

  /* We assume that all memory from buf_buddy_alloc()
  is used for compressed page frames. */

  /* We look inside the allocated objects returned by
  buf_buddy_alloc() and assume that each block is a compressed
  page that contains one of the following in space_id.
  * BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE if the block is in a zip_free list or
  * BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_NONFREE if the block has been allocated but
  not initialized yet or
  * A valid space_id of a compressed tablespace

  The call below attempts to read from free memory.  The memory
  is "owned" by the buddy allocator (and it has been allocated
  from the buffer pool), so there is nothing wrong about this. */
  if (!buf_buddy_stamp_is_free(buf)) {
    return (BUF_BUDDY_STATE_USED);
  }

  /* A block may be free but a fragment of it may still be in use.
  To guard against that we write the free block size in terms of
  zip_free index at start of stamped block. Note that we can
  safely rely on this value only if the buf is free. */
  ut_ad(buf->stamp.size <= i);
  return (buf->stamp.size == i ? BUF_BUDDY_STATE_FREE
                               : BUF_BUDDY_STATE_PARTIALLY_USED);
}

/** Add a block to the head of the appropriate buddy free list.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in,out]  buf             block to be freed
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[] */
static inline void buf_buddy_add_to_free(buf_pool_t *buf_pool,
                                         buf_buddy_free_t *buf, ulint i) {
  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(buf_pool->zip_free[i].first_element != buf);

  buf_buddy_stamp_free(buf, i);
  UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(buf_pool->zip_free[i], buf);
  ut_d(buf_buddy_list_validate(buf_pool, i));
}

/** Remove a block from the appropriate buddy free list.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in,out]  buf             block to be freed
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[] */
static inline void buf_buddy_remove_from_free(buf_pool_t *buf_pool,
                                              buf_buddy_free_t *buf, ulint i) {
  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(buf_buddy_check_free(buf_pool, buf, i));

  UT_LIST_REMOVE(buf_pool->zip_free[i], buf);
  buf_buddy_stamp_nonfree(buf, i);
}

/** Try to allocate a block from buf_pool->zip_free[].
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
@return allocated block, or NULL if buf_pool->zip_free[] was empty */
static buf_buddy_free_t *buf_buddy_alloc_zip(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, ulint i) {
  buf_buddy_free_t *buf;

  ut_a(i < BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  ut_a(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));

  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  ut_d(buf_buddy_list_validate(buf_pool, i));

  buf = UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->zip_free[i]);

  if (buf_get_withdraw_depth(buf_pool)) {
    while (buf != nullptr &&
           buf_frame_will_withdrawn(buf_pool, reinterpret_cast<byte *>(buf))) {
      /* This should be withdrawn, not to be allocated */
      buf = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, buf);
    }
  }

  if (buf) {
    buf_buddy_remove_from_free(buf_pool, buf, i);
    mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);

  } else if (i + 1 < BUF_BUDDY_SIZES) {
    mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    /* Attempt to split. */
    buf = buf_buddy_alloc_zip(buf_pool, i + 1);

    if (buf) {
      byte *allocated_block = buf->stamp.bytes;
      buf_buddy_free_t *buddy = reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(
          allocated_block + (BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i));

      mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
      ut_ad(!buf_pool_contains_zip(buf_pool, buddy));
      buf_buddy_add_to_free(buf_pool, buddy, i);
      mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    }
  } else {
    mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  }

  if (buf) {
    /* Trash the page other than the BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_NONFREE. */
    UNIV_MEM_TRASH(buf, ~i, BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET);
    UNIV_MEM_TRASH(BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET + 4 + buf->stamp.bytes, ~i,
                   (BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i) - (BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET + 4));
    ut_ad(mach_read_from_4(buf->stamp.bytes + BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_OFFSET) ==
          BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_NONFREE);
  }

  return (buf);
}

/** Deallocate a buffer frame of UNIV_PAGE_SIZE.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      buf             buffer frame to deallocate */
static void buf_buddy_block_free(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, void *buf) {
  const auto hash_value = buf_pool_hash_zip_frame(buf);
  buf_page_t *bpage;

  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_a(!ut_align_offset(buf, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));

  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_hash_mutex);

  HASH_SEARCH(hash, buf_pool->zip_hash, hash_value, buf_page_t *, bpage,
              ut_ad(buf_page_get_state(bpage) == BUF_BLOCK_MEMORY &&
                    bpage->in_zip_hash && !bpage->in_page_hash),
              ((buf_block_t *)bpage)->frame == buf);
  ut_a(bpage);
  ut_a(buf_page_get_state(bpage) == BUF_BLOCK_MEMORY);
  ut_ad(!bpage->in_page_hash);
  ut_ad(bpage->in_zip_hash);
  ut_d(bpage->in_zip_hash = false);
  HASH_DELETE(buf_page_t, hash, buf_pool->zip_hash, hash_value, bpage);

  ut_ad(buf_pool->buddy_n_frames > 0);
  ut_d(buf_pool->buddy_n_frames--);

  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_hash_mutex);

  ut_d(memset(buf, 0, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));
  UNIV_MEM_INVALID(buf, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE);

  buf_LRU_block_free_non_file_page(reinterpret_cast<buf_block_t *>(bpage));
}

/** Allocate a buffer block to the buddy allocator.
@param[in]      block   buffer frame to allocate */
static void buf_buddy_block_register(buf_block_t *block) {
  buf_pool_t *buf_pool = buf_pool_from_block(block);
  const auto hash_value = buf_pool_hash_zip(block);
  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_ad(buf_block_get_state(block) == BUF_BLOCK_READY_FOR_USE);

  buf_block_set_state(block, BUF_BLOCK_MEMORY);

  ut_a(block->frame);
  ut_a(!ut_align_offset(block->frame, UNIV_PAGE_SIZE));

  ut_ad(!block->page.in_page_hash);
  ut_ad(!block->page.in_zip_hash);
  ut_d(block->page.in_zip_hash = true);

  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_hash_mutex);
  HASH_INSERT(buf_page_t, hash, buf_pool->zip_hash, hash_value, &block->page);

  ut_d(buf_pool->buddy_n_frames++);
  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_hash_mutex);
}

/** Allocate a block from a bigger object.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      buf             a block that is free to use
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
@param[in]      j               size of buf as an index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
@return allocated block */
static void *buf_buddy_alloc_from(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, void *buf, ulint i,
                                  ulint j) {
  ulint offs = BUF_BUDDY_LOW << j;
  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(j <= BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));
  ut_ad(j >= i);
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(buf, offs));

  /* Add the unused parts of the block to the free lists. */
  while (j > i) {
    buf_buddy_free_t *zip_buf;

    offs >>= 1;
    j--;

    zip_buf = reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(
        reinterpret_cast<byte *>(buf) + offs);
    buf_buddy_add_to_free(buf_pool, zip_buf, j);
  }

  buf_buddy_stamp_nonfree(reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(buf), i);
  return (buf);
}

/** Allocate a block.
@param[in,out]  buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
                                or BUF_BUDDY_SIZES
@return allocated block, never NULL */
void *buf_buddy_alloc_low(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, ulint i) {
  buf_block_t *block;

  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));

  if (i < BUF_BUDDY_SIZES) {
    /* Try to allocate from the buddy system. */
    block = (buf_block_t *)buf_buddy_alloc_zip(buf_pool, i);

    if (block) {
      goto func_exit;
    }
  }

  /* Try allocating from the buf_pool->free list. */
  block = buf_LRU_get_free_only(buf_pool);

  if (block) {
    goto alloc_big;
  }

  /* Try replacing an uncompressed page in the buffer pool. */
  block = buf_LRU_get_free_block(buf_pool);

alloc_big:
  buf_buddy_block_register(block);

  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  block = (buf_block_t *)buf_buddy_alloc_from(buf_pool, block->frame, i,
                                              BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);

func_exit:
  buf_pool->buddy_stat[i].used.fetch_add(1);
  return (block);
}

/** Try to relocate a block. The caller must hold zip_free_mutex, and this
function will release and lock it again.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      src             block to relocate
@param[in]      dst             free block to relocated to
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[]
@param[in]      force           true if we must relocated always
@return true if relocated */
static bool buf_buddy_relocate(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, void *src, void *dst,
                               ulint i, bool force) {
  buf_page_t *bpage;
  const ulint size = BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i;
  space_id_t space;
  page_no_t offset;

  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(src, size));
  ut_ad(!ut_align_offset(dst, size));
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));
  UNIV_MEM_ASSERT_W(dst, size);

  space =
      mach_read_from_4((const byte *)src + FIL_PAGE_ARCH_LOG_NO_OR_SPACE_ID);
  offset = mach_read_from_4((const byte *)src + FIL_PAGE_OFFSET);

  /* Suppress Valgrind warnings about conditional jump
  on uninitialized value. */
  UNIV_MEM_VALID(&space, sizeof space);
  UNIV_MEM_VALID(&offset, sizeof offset);

  ut_ad(space != BUF_BUDDY_STAMP_FREE);

  const page_id_t page_id(space, offset);

  /* If space,offset is bogus, then we know that the
  buf_page_hash_get_low() call below will return NULL. */
  if (!force && buf_pool != buf_pool_get(page_id)) {
    return (false);
  }

  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);

  rw_lock_t *hash_lock = buf_page_hash_lock_get(buf_pool, page_id);

  rw_lock_x_lock(hash_lock, UT_LOCATION_HERE);

  /* page_hash can be changed. */
  hash_lock = buf_page_hash_lock_x_confirm(hash_lock, buf_pool, page_id);

  bpage = buf_page_hash_get_low(buf_pool, page_id);

  if (!bpage || bpage->zip.data != src) {
    /* The block has probably been freshly
    allocated by buf_LRU_get_free_block() but not
    added to buf_pool->page_hash yet.  Obviously,
    it cannot be relocated. */

    rw_lock_x_unlock(hash_lock);

    if (!force || space != 0 || offset != 0) {
      mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
      return (false);
    }

    /* It might be just uninitialized page.
    We should search from LRU list also. */

    /* force is true only when buffer pool resizing,
    in which we hold LRU_list_mutex already, see
    buf_pool_withdraw_blocks(). */
    ut_ad(force);
    ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->LRU_list_mutex));

    bpage = UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->LRU);
    while (bpage != nullptr) {
      if (bpage->zip.data == src) {
        hash_lock = buf_page_hash_lock_get(buf_pool, bpage->id);
        rw_lock_x_lock(hash_lock, UT_LOCATION_HERE);
        break;
      }
      bpage = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(LRU, bpage);
    }

    if (bpage == nullptr) {
      mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
      return (false);
    }
  }

  if (page_zip_get_size(&bpage->zip) != size) {
    /* The block is of different size.  We would
    have to relocate all blocks covered by src.
    For the sake of simplicity, give up. */
    ut_ad(page_zip_get_size(&bpage->zip) < size);

    rw_lock_x_unlock(hash_lock);

    mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    return (false);
  }

  /* The block must have been allocated, but it may
  contain uninitialized data. */
  UNIV_MEM_ASSERT_W(src, size);

  BPageMutex *block_mutex = buf_page_get_mutex(bpage);

  mutex_enter(block_mutex);

  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);

  if (buf_page_can_relocate(bpage)) {
    /* Relocate the compressed page. */
    const auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

    ut_a(bpage->zip.data == src);

    memcpy(dst, src, size);
    bpage->zip.data = reinterpret_cast<page_zip_t *>(dst);

    rw_lock_x_unlock(hash_lock);

    mutex_exit(block_mutex);

    buf_buddy_mem_invalid(reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(src), i);

    buf_buddy_stat_t *buddy_stat = &buf_pool->buddy_stat[i];
    buddy_stat->relocated++;
    buddy_stat->relocated_duration +=
        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time;
    return (true);
  }

  rw_lock_x_unlock(hash_lock);

  mutex_exit(block_mutex);
  return (false);
}

/** Deallocate a block.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      buf             block to be freed, must not be pointed to
                                by the buffer pool
@param[in]      i               index of buf_pool->zip_free[],
                                or BUF_BUDDY_SIZES
@param[in]      has_zip_free    whether has zip_free_mutex */
void buf_buddy_free_low(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, void *buf, ulint i,
                        bool has_zip_free) {
  buf_buddy_free_t *buddy;

  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_ad(i <= BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));

  if (!has_zip_free) {
    mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  }

  ut_ad(mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex));
  ut_ad(buf_pool->buddy_stat[i].used > 0);
  buf_pool->buddy_stat[i].used.fetch_sub(1);
recombine:
  UNIV_MEM_ASSERT_AND_ALLOC(buf, BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i);

  if (i == BUF_BUDDY_SIZES) {
    if (!has_zip_free) {
      mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    }
    buf_buddy_block_free(buf_pool, buf);
    return;
  }

  ut_ad(i < BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  ut_ad(buf == ut_align_down(buf, BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i));
  ut_ad(!buf_pool_contains_zip(buf_pool, buf));

  /* Do not recombine blocks if there are few free blocks.
  We may waste up to 15360*max_len bytes to free blocks
  (1024 + 2048 + 4096 + 8192 = 15360) */
  if (UT_LIST_GET_LEN(buf_pool->zip_free[i]) < 16 &&
      buf_pool->curr_size >= buf_pool->old_size) {
    goto func_exit;
  }

  /* Try to combine adjacent blocks. */
  buddy = reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(
      buf_buddy_get(reinterpret_cast<byte *>(buf), BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i));

  switch (buf_buddy_is_free(buddy, i)) {
    case BUF_BUDDY_STATE_FREE:
      /* The buddy is free: recombine */
      buf_buddy_remove_from_free(buf_pool, buddy, i);
    buddy_is_free:
      ut_ad(!buf_pool_contains_zip(buf_pool, buddy));
      i++;
      buf = ut_align_down(buf, BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i);

      goto recombine;

    case BUF_BUDDY_STATE_USED:
      ut_d(buf_buddy_list_validate(buf_pool, i));

      /* The buddy is not free. Is there a free block of
      this size? */
      if (buf_buddy_free_t *zip_buf =
              UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->zip_free[i])) {
        /* Remove the block from the free list, because
        a successful buf_buddy_relocate() will overwrite
        zip_free->list. */
        buf_buddy_remove_from_free(buf_pool, zip_buf, i);

        /* Try to relocate the buddy of buf to the free
        block. */
        if (buf_buddy_relocate(buf_pool, buddy, zip_buf, i, false)) {
          goto buddy_is_free;
        }

        buf_buddy_add_to_free(buf_pool, zip_buf, i);
      }

      break;
    case BUF_BUDDY_STATE_PARTIALLY_USED:
      /* Some sub-blocks in the buddy are still in use.
      Relocation will fail. No need to try. */
      break;
  }

func_exit:
  /* Free the block to the buddy list. */
  buf_buddy_add_to_free(buf_pool, reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(buf), i);
  if (!has_zip_free) {
    mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  }
}

/** Try to reallocate a block.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance
@param[in]      buf             block to be reallocated, must be pointed
to by the buffer pool
@param[in]      size            block size, up to UNIV_PAGE_SIZE
@retval true    if succeeded or if failed because the block was fixed
@retval false   if failed because of no free blocks. */
bool buf_buddy_realloc(buf_pool_t *buf_pool, void *buf, ulint size) {
  buf_block_t *block = nullptr;
  ulint i = buf_buddy_get_slot(size);

  ut_ad(!mutex_own(&buf_pool->zip_mutex));
  ut_ad(i <= BUF_BUDDY_SIZES);
  ut_ad(i >= buf_buddy_get_slot(UNIV_ZIP_SIZE_MIN));

  if (i < BUF_BUDDY_SIZES) {
    /* Try to allocate from the buddy system. */
    block = reinterpret_cast<buf_block_t *>(buf_buddy_alloc_zip(buf_pool, i));
  }

  if (block == nullptr) {
    /* Try allocating from the buf_pool->free list if it is not empty. This
    method is executed during withdrawing phase of BufferPool resize only. It is
    better to not block other user threads as much as possible. So, the main
    strategy is to passively reserve and use blocks that are already on the free
    list. Otherwise, if we were to call `buf_LRU_get_free_block` instead of
    `buf_LRU_get_free_only`, we would have to release the LRU mutex before the
    call and this would cause a need to break the reallocation loop in
    `buf_pool_withdraw_blocks`, which would render withdrawing even more
    inefficient. */
    block = buf_LRU_get_free_only(buf_pool);

    if (block == nullptr) {
      return (false); /* free_list was not enough */
    }

    buf_buddy_block_register(block);

    mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    block = reinterpret_cast<buf_block_t *>(
        buf_buddy_alloc_from(buf_pool, block->frame, i, BUF_BUDDY_SIZES));
  } else {
    mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  }

  buf_pool->buddy_stat[i].used.fetch_add(1);

  /* Try to relocate the buddy of buf to the free block. */
  if (buf_buddy_relocate(buf_pool, buf, block, i, true)) {
    mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
    /* succeeded */
    buf_buddy_free_low(buf_pool, buf, i, false);
    return (true);
  }

  /* failed */
  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  buf_buddy_free_low(buf_pool, block, i, false);

  return (false);
}

/** Combine all pairs of free buddies.
@param[in]      buf_pool        buffer pool instance */
void buf_buddy_condense_free(buf_pool_t *buf_pool) {
  mutex_enter(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
  ut_ad(buf_pool->curr_size < buf_pool->old_size);

  for (ulint i = 0; i < UT_ARR_SIZE(buf_pool->zip_free); ++i) {
    buf_buddy_free_t *buf = UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->zip_free[i]);

    /* seek to withdraw target */
    while (buf != nullptr &&
           !buf_frame_will_withdrawn(buf_pool, reinterpret_cast<byte *>(buf))) {
      buf = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, buf);
    }

    while (buf != nullptr) {
      buf_buddy_free_t *next = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, buf);

      buf_buddy_free_t *buddy = reinterpret_cast<buf_buddy_free_t *>(
          buf_buddy_get(reinterpret_cast<byte *>(buf), BUF_BUDDY_LOW << i));

      /* seek to the next withdraw target */
      while (true) {
        while (next != nullptr &&
               !buf_frame_will_withdrawn(buf_pool,
                                         reinterpret_cast<byte *>(next))) {
          next = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, next);
        }

        if (buddy != next) {
          break;
        }

        next = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, next);
      }

      if (buf_buddy_is_free(buddy, i) == BUF_BUDDY_STATE_FREE) {
        /* Both buf and buddy are free.
        Try to combine them. */
        buf_buddy_remove_from_free(buf_pool, buf, i);
        buf_pool->buddy_stat[i].used.fetch_add(1);

        buf_buddy_free_low(buf_pool, buf, i, true);
      }

      buf = next;
    }
  }
  mutex_exit(&buf_pool->zip_free_mutex);
}