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<H1><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC36">Commands</A></H1>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX70"></A>


<P>
Everything <CODE>ne</CODE> can do is specified through a command. Commands can
be manually typed on the command line, bound to a key, to a menu item,
or grouped into macros for easier manipulation. If you want to fully
exploit the power of <CODE>ne</CODE>, you will be faced sooner or later with
using commands directly.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC37">General Guidelines</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC38">File Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC43">Document Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC52">Clip Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC64">Search Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC74">Macros Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC81">Undo Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC86">Formatting Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC95">Preferences Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC120">Navigation Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC148">Editing Commands</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC156">Support Commands</A>
</UL>



<H2><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC37">General Guidelines</A></H2>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX71"></A>
<A NAME="IDX72"></A>
<A NAME="IDX73"></A>
<A NAME="IDX74"></A>
<A NAME="IDX75"></A>
<A NAME="IDX76"></A>
<A NAME="IDX77"></A>


<P>
Every command in <CODE>ne</CODE> has a long and a short name. Except in a very
few cases, the short name is given by two or three letters that are the
initials of the words that form the long name. For instance,
<CODE>SearchBack</CODE> has short name <CODE>SB</CODE>, <CODE>SaveDefPrefs</CODE> has the
short name <CODE>SDP</CODE>, and <CODE>AdjustView</CODE>'s short name is <CODE>AV</CODE>.
There are some exceptions however. The most frequently used commands
such as <CODE>Exit</CODE> have one-letter short names (<CODE>X</CODE>). Also some
commands use a different short name to avoid clashes with a more common
command's short name. For example, <CODE>StatusBar</CODE>'s short name is
<CODE>ST</CODE> rather than <CODE>SB</CODE>  to avoid clashes with
<CODE>SearchBack</CODE>'s short name.


<P>
A command always has at most one argument. This is a chosen limitation
that allows <CODE>ne</CODE>'s parsing of commands and macros to be very fast.
Moreover, it nullifies nearly all problems related to delimiters, escape
characters, and the like. The unique argument can be a number, a string,
or a flag modifier. You can easily distinguish these three cases even
without this manual by looking at what the <CODE>Help</CODE> command says
about the given command. Note that when a command's argument is enclosed
in square brackets, it is optional.


<P>
Strings are general purpose arguments. Numbers are used to modify internal
parameters, such as the size of a TAB. A flag modifier is an optional
number that is interpreted as follows:



<UL>

<LI>

0 means clearing the flag;

<LI>

1 (or any positive number) means setting the flag;

<LI>

no number means toggling the flag.

</UL>

<P>
Thus, <CODE>StatusBar 1</CODE> will activate that status bar, while <CODE>I</CODE> will
toggle insert/overstrike. This design choice is due to the fact that most of
the time during interactive editing you need to <EM>change</EM> a
flag. For instance, you may be in insert mode and you want to overstrike, or
vice versa. Absolute settings (those with a number) are useful essentially
for macros. It is reasonable to use the fastest approach for the most
frequent interactive event. When a number or a string is required and the
argument is optional, most of the time you will be prompted to
type the argument on the command line.


<P>
As for the input line, for numeric arguments you can choose between
decimal, octal and hexadecimal notation in the standard way:
a number starting with <SAMP>`0'</SAMP> is considered in octal, a number
starting with <SAMP>`0x'</SAMP> is considered in hexadecimal, and in all other
cases decimal base is assumed.


<P>
When a number represents how many times <CODE>ne</CODE> should repeat an
action, it is always understood that the command will terminate when the
conditions for applying it are no longer true. For instance, the
<CODE>Paragraph</CODE> command accepts the number of paragraphs to format.
But if not enough paragraphs exists in the text, only the available ones
will be formatted.


<P>
This easily allows performing operations on an entire document by specifying
preposterously huge numbers as arguments. <CODE>ToUpper 200000000</CODE> will
make all the words in the document upper case. (At least, one would
hope so!) Note that this is much faster than recording a macro with
the command <CODE>ToUpper</CODE> in it and playing it many times because in
the former case the command has to be parsed just one time.


<P>
In any case, if a macro or a repeated operation takes too long, you can stop
it using the interrupt key (<KBD><KBD>Control</KBD>-\</KBD>).


<P>
To handle situations such as an argument string starting with a
space, <CODE>ne</CODE> implements a simple mechanism whereby you can enclose
any string argument in double quotes. If the first non-blank character
after the command and last character of the command line are double
quotes, the quotes will be removed and whatever is left will be used as
the string argument. For example, the <CODE>Find</CODE> command to find a
space could be entered on the command line or in a macro as
<CODE>Find " "</CODE>. The only case needing special treatment is 
when a string starts and ends with double quotes. The command
<CODE>Find ""quote""</CODE> would locate the next occurance of the string
<SAMP>`"quote"'</SAMP> (including the double quotes). However, 
<CODE>Find onequote"</CODE> wouldn't require special treatment because the
command argument doesn't both start and end with a double quote.




<H2><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC38">File Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands allow opening and saving files. They all act in the
context of the current document (i.e., the document displayed when the
command is issued).



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC39">Open</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC40">OpenNew</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC41">Save</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC42">SaveAs</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC39">Open</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX78"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Open [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>O</CODE>


<P>
loads the file specified by the <VAR>filename</VAR> string into the
current document.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can input the file name on the
command line, the default being the current document name, if available.


<P>
If the current document is marked as modified at the time the command is
issued, you have to confirm the action.




<H3><A NAME="SEC40" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC40">OpenNew</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX79"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>OpenNew [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ON</CODE>


<P>
is the same as <CODE>Open</CODE>, but loads the file specified by the
<VAR>filename</VAR> string into a new document. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC39">Open</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC41" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC41">Save</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX80"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Save</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>S</CODE>


<P>
saves the current document using its default file name.


<P>
If the current document is unnamed, the file requester will open and you
will be prompted to select a file. (You can inhibit the file requester opening by
using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE> command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can input the file name on the
command line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC42" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC42">SaveAs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX81"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SaveAs [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SA</CODE>


<P>
saves the current document using the specified string as the file name.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester will open and you will be prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can enter the file name on the
input line, the default being the current document name, if available.




<H2><A NAME="SEC43" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC43">Document Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands allow manipulation of the circular list of documents in <CODE>ne</CODE>.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC44">Quit</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC45">Exit</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC46">NewDoc</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC47">Clear</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC48">CloseDoc</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC49">NextDoc</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC50">PrevDoc</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC51">SelectDoc</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC44" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC44">Quit</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX82"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Quit</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>Q</CODE>


<P>
closes all documents and exits. If any documents are modified, you
have to confirm the action.




<H3><A NAME="SEC45" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC45">Exit</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX83"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Exit</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>X</CODE>


<P>
saves all modified documents, closes them and exits. If
any documents cannot be saved, the action is suspended and an error message
is issued.




<H3><A NAME="SEC46" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC46">NewDoc</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX84"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NewDoc</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>N</CODE>


<P>
creates a new, empty, unnamed document that becomes the current document.
The position of the document in the document list is just after the current
document. The preferences of the new document are a copy of the
preferences of the current document.




<H3><A NAME="SEC47" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC47">Clear</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX85"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Clear</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CL</CODE>


<P>
destroys the contents of the current document and of its undo
buffer. Moreover, the document becomes unnamed. If your current document is
marked as modified, you have to confirm the action.




<H3><A NAME="SEC48" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC48">CloseDoc</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX86"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>CloseDoc</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CD</CODE>


<P>
closes the current document. The document is removed from
<CODE>ne</CODE>'s list and, if it is the only existing document, <CODE>ne</CODE>
exits. If the document was modified since it was last saved, you have to
confirm the action.




<H3><A NAME="SEC49" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC49">NextDoc</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX87"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NextDoc</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ND</CODE>


<P>
sets as current document the next document in the document list.




<H3><A NAME="SEC50" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC50">PrevDoc</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX88"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PrevDoc</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PD</CODE>


<P>
sets as current document the previous document in the document list.




<H3><A NAME="SEC51" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC51">SelectDoc</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX89"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SelectDoc</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SD</CODE>


<P>
displays a requester containing the names of all the
documents in memory. You select whichever document you want to become
the current document.


<P>
If you escape from the requester the requester goes away and you are
returned to your original current document.


<P>
<CODE>SelectDoc</CODE> is especially useful if you have a large number of
documents open (say, more than 10). Otherwise, <CODE>NextDoc</CODE> and
<CODE>PrevDoc</CODE> should be enough. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC49">NextDoc</A>, and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC50">PrevDoc</A>.




<H2><A NAME="SEC52" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC52">Clip Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands control the clipping system. A <EM>clip</EM> is a snippet of
text separate from any document, which you can save to a file or insert
into a document. You can select text in a document and copy it to a
clip, optionally deleting it from your text. You can also load text
directly from a file into a clip. <CODE>ne</CODE> can have any number of
clips, which are distinguished by an integer. Most clip commands act on
the current clip, which can be selected with <CODE>ClipNumber</CODE>. Clips can
be copied and pasted in two ways--normally (as lines of text) or
vertically (as a rectangular block of characters).


<P>
Note that by using the <CODE>Through</CODE> command you can automatically pass a
(possibly vertical) block of text through any filter (such as <CODE>sort</CODE> under
UN*X).



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC53">Mark</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC54">MarkVert</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC55">Copy</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC56">Cut</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC57">Paste</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC58">PasteVert</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC59">Erase</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC60">OpenClip</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC61">SaveClip</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC62">ClipNumber</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC63">Through</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC53" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC53">Mark</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX90"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Mark [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>M</CODE>


<P>
sets the mark at the current position or cancels the previous mark.
The mark can then be used to perform clip operations. The clip
commands act on the characters lying between the mark and the cursor.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>Mark</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the mark. If you
specify 0 or 1, the mark will be canceled or set to the current position,
respectively.  A capital <SAMP>`M'</SAMP> appears on the status bar, if the mark is
active.


<P>
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>, for the reason the mark is implemented as a flag.




<H3><A NAME="SEC54" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC54">MarkVert</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX91"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MarkVert [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MV</CODE>


<P>
is the same as <CODE>Mark</CODE>, but the mark is interpreted as vertical
by the clip handling commands. This means that the region manipulated by the
cut/paste commands is the rectangle having as vertices the cursor and the mark.
Moreover, a capital <SAMP>`V'</SAMP>, rather than a capital <SAMP>`M'</SAMP>, will appear on
the status bar. Vertical cut/paste operations are useful for handling
structured program indentation.




<H3><A NAME="SEC55" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC55">Copy</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX92"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Copy [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>C</CODE>


<P>
copies the contents of the characters lying between the cursor
and the mark into the clip specified by the optional numeric argument, the
default clip being the current clip, which can be set with the
<CODE>ClipNumber</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC62">ClipNumber</A>). If the current mark was
vertical, the rectangle of characters defined by the cursor and the mark is
copied instead.




<H3><A NAME="SEC56" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC56">Cut</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX93"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Cut [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CU</CODE>


<P>
acts just like <CODE>Copy</CODE>, but also deletes the block being copied.




<H3><A NAME="SEC57" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC57">Paste</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX94"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Paste [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>P</CODE>


<P>
pastes the contents of specified clip into the current
document at the cursor position. If you don't specify the clip number,
the current clip is used (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC62">ClipNumber</A> for how to specify which
clip is current).




<H3><A NAME="SEC58" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC58">PasteVert</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX95"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PasteVert [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PV</CODE>


<P>
vertically pastes the contents of the specified clip, the default
being the current clip. Each line of the clip is inserted on consecutive
lines at the horizontal cursor position.




<H3><A NAME="SEC59" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC59">Erase</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX96"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Erase</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>E</CODE>


<P>
acts like <CODE>Cut</CODE>, but the block is just deleted and not
copied into any clip.




<H3><A NAME="SEC60" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC60">OpenClip</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX97"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>OpenClip [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>OC</CODE>


<P>
loads the given file name as the current clip (just as if you
copied it; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC55">Copy</A>).


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester will open and you will be prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can enter the file name on the
input line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC61" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC61">SaveClip</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX98"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SaveClip [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SC</CODE>


<P>
saves the current clip on the given file name.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester will open and you will be prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can enter the file name on the
input line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC62" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC62">ClipNumber</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX99"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ClipNumber [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CN</CODE>


<P>
sets the current clip number. This number is used by
<CODE>OpenClip</CODE> and <CODE>SaveClip</CODE>, and by <CODE>Copy</CODE>, <CODE>Cut</CODE> and
<CODE>Paste</CODE> if they are called without any argument. Its default value is
zero. <VAR>n</VAR> is limited only by the integer size of the machine <CODE>ne</CODE>
is running on.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on the
input line, the default being the current clip number.




<H3><A NAME="SEC63" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC63">Through</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX100"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Through [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>T</CODE>


<P>
asks the shell to execute <VAR>command</VAR>, piping the current block in
the standard input, and replacing it with the output of the command. This
command is most useful with filters, such as <CODE>sort</CODE>. Its practical effect
is to pass the block through the specified filter.


<P>
Note that by selecting an empty block (or equivalently by having the mark
unset) you can use <CODE>Through</CODE> to insert the output of any UN*X
command in your file.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>command</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line.




<H2><A NAME="SEC64" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC64">Search Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands control the search system. <CODE>ne</CODE> offers two complementary
searching techniques: a simple, fast exact matching search (optionally
ignoring case), and a very flexible and powerful, but slower, regular
expression search based on the GNU <CODE>regex</CODE> library (again,
optionally case insensitive).



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC65">Find</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC66">FindRegExp</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC67">Replace</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC68">ReplaceOnce</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC69">ReplaceAll</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC70">RepeatLast</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC71">MatchBracket</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC72">SearchBack</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC73">CaseSearch</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC65" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC65">Find</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX101"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Find [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>F</CODE>


<P>
searches for the given pattern. The cursor is positioned on the
first occurrence of the pattern, or an error message is given. The direction
and the case sensitivity of the search are established by the value of the
back search and case sensitive search flags. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC72">SearchBack</A> and
section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC73">CaseSearch</A>.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>pattern</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last pattern used.




<H3><A NAME="SEC66" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC66">FindRegExp</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX102"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>FindRegExp [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>FX</CODE>


<P>
searches the current document for the given extended regular expression
(see section <A HREF="ne_3.html#SEC31">Regular Expressions</A>)
. The cursor is positioned on the first string
matching the expression. The direction and the kind of search are established
by the value of the back search and case sensitive search flags. See
section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC72">SearchBack</A> and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC73">CaseSearch</A>.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>pattern</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last pattern used.




<H3><A NAME="SEC67" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC67">Replace</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX103"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Replace [<VAR>string</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>R</CODE>


<P>
moves to the first match of the most recent find string or regular
expression and prompts you for which action to perform. You can choose among:



<UL>

<LI>

replacing the string found with the given string and moving to the next match
(<SAMP>`Yes'</SAMP>);

<LI>

moving to the next match (<SAMP>`No'</SAMP>);

<LI>

replacing the string found with the given string, and stopping the search (<SAMP>`Last'</SAMP>);

<LI>

stopping the search immediately (<SAMP>`Quit'</SAMP>);

<LI>

replacing <EM>all</EM> occurrences of the find string with the given string
(<SAMP>`All'</SAMP>);

<LI>

reversing the search direction (<SAMP>`Backward'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`Forward'</SAMP>);
this choice will also modify the value of the back search flag.
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC72">SearchBack</A>.

</UL>

<P>
<CODE>Replace</CODE> is mainly useful for interactive editing. <CODE>ReplaceOnce</CODE>,
<CODE>ReplaceAll</CODE> and <CODE>RepeatLast</CODE> are more suited to macros.


<P>
If no find string was ever specified, you can enter it on the input line.
If the optional argument <VAR>string</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last string used. When the last search
was a regular expression search (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC66">FindRegExp</A>), there are some special
features you can use in the replace string
(see section <A HREF="ne_3.html#SEC31">Regular Expressions</A>)
.


<P>
Note that normally a search starts just one character after the cursor.
However, when <CODE>Replace</CODE> is invoked, the search starts at the character
just <EM>under</EM> the cursor, so that you can safely <CODE>Find</CODE> a pattern
and <CODE>Replace</CODE> it without having to move back.


<P>
<STRONG>Warning:</STRONG> when recording a macro (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>), there
is no trace in the macro of your interaction with <CODE>ne</CODE> during the
replacement process. When the macro is played, you will again have to choose
which actions to perform. If you want to apply automatic replacement of
strings for a certain number of times, you should look at section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC68">ReplaceOnce</A>,
section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC69">ReplaceAll</A> and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC70">RepeatLast</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC68" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC68">ReplaceOnce</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX104"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ReplaceOnce [<VAR>string</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>R1</CODE>


<P>
acts just like <CODE>Replace</CODE>, but without any interaction with you
(unless there is no find string). The first string matched by the last search
pattern, if it exists, is replaced by the given replacement string.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>string</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last string used.




<H3><A NAME="SEC69" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC69">ReplaceAll</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX105"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ReplaceAll [<VAR>string</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>RA</CODE>


<P>
is similar to <CODE>ReplaceOnce</CODE>, but replaces <EM>all</EM>
occurrences of the last search pattern with the given replacement
string.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>string</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last string used.


<P>
Note that <CODE>Undo</CODE> will restore <EM>all</EM> the occurrences of the search
pattern replaced by <CODE>ReplaceAll</CODE>. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC82">Undo</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC70" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC70">RepeatLast</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX106"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>RepeatLast [<VAR>times</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>RL</CODE>


<P>
repeats for the given number of times the last find or replace operation
(with replace we mean here a single replace, even if the last <CODE>Replace</CODE>
operation ended with a global substitution).


<P>
<CODE>RepeatLast</CODE> is especially useful for researching a given number of times, or
replacing something a given number of times. The standard technique for
accomplishing this is:



<OL>

<LI>

<CODE>Find</CODE> (or <CODE>FindRegExp</CODE>) the string you are interested in;

<LI>

if you want to repeat a replace operation, <CODE>ReplaceOnce</CODE> with
the replacement string you are interested in;

<LI>

now issue a <CODE>RepeatLast <VAR>n</VAR>-1</CODE> command, where <VAR>n</VAR> is the
number of occurrences you wanted to skip over, or replace.

</OL>

<P>
The important thing about this sequence of actions is that it will
work this way even in a macro. The <CODE>Replace</CODE> command cannot be used
in a macro unless you really want to interact with <CODE>ne</CODE> during the
macro execution. Avoiding interaction during macros is the primary
reason the commands <CODE>ReplaceAll</CODE> and <CODE>ReplaceOnce</CODE> are
provided.




<H3><A NAME="SEC71" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC71">MatchBracket</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX107"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MatchBracket</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MB</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the bracket associated with the bracket the
cursor is on. If the cursor is not on a bracket, or there is no bracket
associated with the current one, an error message is issued. Recognized
brackets are <SAMP>`{}'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`()'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`[]'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`&#60;&#62;'</SAMP>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC72" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC72">SearchBack</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX108"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SearchBack [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SB</CODE>


<P>
sets the back search flag. When this flag is true, every search or
replacement command is performed backwards.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>SearchBack</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`b'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
Note that this flag also can be set through interactions with the
<CODE>Replace</CODE> command. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC67">Replace</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC73" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC73">CaseSearch</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX109"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>CaseSearch [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CS</CODE>


<P>
sets the case sensitivity flag. When this flag is true, the
search commands distinguish between the upper and lower case letters. By
default the flag is false.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>CaseSearch</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`c'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H2><A NAME="SEC74" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC74">Macros Commands</A></H2>

<P>
Macros are lists of commands. Any series of operations that has to be
performed frequently is a good candidate for being a macro.


<P>
Macros can be written manually: they are just ASCII files, each command
occupying a line (lines starting with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are considered comments;
lines starting with other nonalphabetical characters are presently
ignored). But the real power of macros is that they be recorded during
the normal usage of <CODE>ne</CODE>. When the recording terminates, the
operations that have been recorded can be saved for later use. Note that
each document has a current macro (the last macro that has been opened
or recorded).



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC76">Play</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC77">Macro</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC78">OpenMacro</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC79">SaveMacro</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC80">UnloadMacros</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC75" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC75">Record</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX110"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Record [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>Rec</CODE>


<P>
sets the recording state flag. When this flag becomes true,
<CODE>ne</CODE> starts recording your actions in a new macro. When it becomes
false, the macro recording is stopped, and the macro can be played
(see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC76">Play</A>) or saved (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC79">SaveMacro</A>).


<P>
If you call invoke <CODE>Record</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. An upper case
<SAMP>`R'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
The reason for providing a flag instead of an explicit start/stop
recording command pair is that this way it is possible to bind both
starting and stopping macro recording to a single key while still being
able to specify "absolute" menu items (by using <CODE>Record 0</CODE> and
<CODE>Record 1</CODE>). For instance, the default key binding for
<KBD><KBD>Control</KBD>-T</KBD> is simply <CODE>Record</CODE>, which means that this
shortcut can be used both for initiating and for terminating a macro
recording.




<H3><A NAME="SEC76" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC76">Play</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX111"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Play [<VAR>times</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PL</CODE>


<P>
plays the current macro for the given number of times. If the
optional argument <VAR>times</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on the
input line.


<P>
A (possibly iterated) macro execution terminates as soon as its stream of
instructions is exhausted, or one of its commands returns an error. This means
that, for instance, you can perform some complex operation on all the lines
contaning a certain pattern by recording a macro that searches for the pattern
and performs the operation, and then playing it a preposterously huge number of
times.


<P>
Execution of a macro can be interrupted by <KBD><KBD>Control</KBD>-\</KBD>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC77" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC77">Macro</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX112"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Macro [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MA</CODE>


<P>
executes the given file name as a macro.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the file
requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You can
inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can input the file name on the
command line.


<P>
Note that macros whose name does not conflict with a command can be called
without using <CODE>Macro</CODE>. Whenever <CODE>ne</CODE> is required to perform a command
it cannot find in its internal tables, it will look for a macro by that
name in the current directory. If this search also fails, <CODE>ne</CODE>
looks in <TT>`~/.ne'</TT> and finally in the global ne directory
(<CODE>/usr/lib/ne</CODE> by default, or in a place specified by your
<CODE>NE_GLOBAL_DIR</CODE> environment variable) for a macro file by that
name.


<P>
<STRONG>Warning:</STRONG> to improve (greatly) efficiency,
the first time a macro is executed it is cached into a hash table and is
kept <EM>forever</EM> in memory (unless the <CODE>UnloadMacros</CODE> command is
issued; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC80">UnloadMacros</A>). The next time a macro with the same file
name is invoked, the cached list is searched for it before accessing the
file using a case insensitive string comparison. That is, if you call
<SAMP>`~/foobar/macro'</SAMP>, a subsequent call for <SAMP>`/usr/MACRO'</SAMP> or even
just <SAMP>`MaCrO'</SAMP> will use the cached version of <SAMP>`~/foobar/macro'</SAMP>.
Note that the cache table is global to <CODE>ne</CODE> and not specific to any
single document.




<H3><A NAME="SEC78" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC78">OpenMacro</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX113"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>OpenMacro [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>OM</CODE>


<P>
loads the given file name as the current macro (just as if you
<CODE>Record</CODE>ed it; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>).


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can input the file name on the
command line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC79" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC79">SaveMacro</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX114"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SaveMacro [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SM</CODE>


<P>
saves the current macro in a file with the given name.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the
file requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You
can inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.)


<P>
If you escape from the file requester, you can input the file name on the
command line.


<P>
<CODE>SaveMacro</CODE> is of course most useful for saving macros you just
recorded. The macros can then be loaded as normal text files for
further editing, if necessary. Note that <CODE>SaveMacro</CODE> converts
<CODE>InsertChar</CODE> commands into a possibly smaller number of
<CODE>InsertString</CODE> commands. (See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC149">InsertChar</A>, and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC150">InsertString</A>.)
This makes macros easier to
read and edit.




<H3><A NAME="SEC80" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC80">UnloadMacros</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX115"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>UnloadMacros</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>UM</CODE>


<P>
frees the macro cache list. After this command, the <CODE>Macro</CODE>
command will be forced to search for the file containing the macros it has to
play.


<P>
<CODE>UnloadMacros</CODE> is especially useful if you are experimenting with a macro
bound to some keystroke, and you are interactively modifying it and playing it.
<CODE>UnloadMacros</CODE> forces <CODE>ne</CODE> to look for the newer version available.




<H2><A NAME="SEC81" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC81">Undo Commands</A></H2>

<P>
The following commands control the undo system.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC82">Undo</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC83">Redo</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC84">UndelLine</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC85">DoUndo</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC82" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC82">Undo</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX116"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Undo [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>U</CODE>


<P>
undoes the last <VAR>n</VAR> actions. If <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, it is
assumed to be one. After you undo a number of actions, you can <CODE>Redo</CODE>
them (or some of them; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC83">Redo</A>). However, if you take any new
actions after having <CODE>Undo</CODE>ne some, you can no longer <CODE>Redo</CODE>
those <CODE>Undo</CODE>ne actions. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC83">Redo</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC83" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC83">Redo</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX117"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Redo [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>RE</CODE>


<P>
redoes the last <VAR>n</VAR> actions undone by <CODE>Undo</CODE> (as long
as you don't take any actions that change the text between the
<CODE>Undo</CODE> and <CODE>Redo</CODE> commands). If <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, it
is assumed to be one. You can only <CODE>Redo</CODE> actions that have been
<CODE>Undo</CODE>ne. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC82">Undo</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC84" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC84">UndelLine</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX118"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>UndelLine [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>UL</CODE>


<P>
inserts at the cursor position for <VAR>n</VAR> times the last non-empty line
that was deleted with the <CODE>DeleteLine</CODE> command. If <VAR>n</VAR> is not
specified, it is assumed to be one.


<P>
<CODE>UndelLine</CODE> is most useful in that it allows a very fast way of moving
one line around. Just delete it, and undelete it somewhere else. It is
also an easy way to replicate a line without getting involved with clips.


<P>
Note that <CODE>UndelLine</CODE> works independently of the status of the
undo flag. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC85">DoUndo</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC85" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC85">DoUndo</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX119"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>DoUndo [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>DU</CODE>


<P>
sets the flag that enables or disables the undo system. When you turn
the undo system off, all the recorded actions are discarded, and the undo
buffers are reset.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>DoUndo</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`u'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
The usefulness of this option relies in the fact that the undo system is a major
memory eater. If you plan to do massive editing (say, cutting and pasting
megabytes of text) it is a good idea to disable the undo system, both for
improving (doubling) performance and for using less (half) memory. Except for
this, on a virtual memory system we see no reason to not keep the undo flag
always true, and this is indeed the default.




<H2><A NAME="SEC86" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC86">Formatting Commands</A></H2>

<P>
The following commands allow simple formatting operations on the text. Note
that for <CODE>ne</CODE> a paragraph is delimited by an empty line.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC87">Center</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC88">Paragraph</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC89">ToUpper</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC90">ToLower</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC91">Capitalize</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC92">RightMargin</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC93">WordWrap</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC94">AutoIndent</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC87" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC87">Center</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX120"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Center [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CE</CODE>


<P>
centers <VAR>n</VAR> lines from the cursor position onwards. If <VAR>n</VAR>
is not specified, it is assumed to be one. The lines are centered with
spaces, relatively to the value of the right margin as set by the
<CODE>RightMargin</CODE> command. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC92">RightMargin</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC88" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC88">Paragraph</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX121"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Paragraph [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PA</CODE>


<P>
reformats <VAR>n</VAR> paragraphs from the cursor position onwards. If
<VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, it is assumed to be one. The paragraph are
formatted relatively to the value of the right margin as set by the
<CODE>RightMargin</CODE> command. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC92">RightMargin</A>.


<P>
<CODE>ne</CODE>'s notion of a paragraph includes the current non-blank line
(regardless of its leading white space) and all subsequent non-blank
lines that have identical (to each other's--not to the first line's)
leading white space. Therefore your paragraphs can have various first
line indentations and left margins.


<P>
After the <CODE>Paragraph</CODE> command completes, your cursor will be
positioned on the first non-blank character after the last reformatted
paragraph (or, if there is no such character, at the end of the document).


<P>
If you think paragraphing should insert "smart" spaces after full stops
and colons, and do other "smart" things such as justification, you should
consider using a text formatter. TeX is usually the best choice.




<H3><A NAME="SEC89" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC89">ToUpper</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX122"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ToUpper [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TU</CODE>


<P>
shifts to upper case the letters from the cursor position up to the
end of a word, and moves to the first letter of next word for <VAR>n</VAR> times.


<P>
The description of the command may seem a little bit cryptic. What is really
happening is that there are situations where you only want to upper case the
last part of a word. In this case, you just have to position the cursor in
the first character you want to upper case, and use <CODE>ToUpper</CODE> with no
argument.


<P>
If you apply <CODE>ToUpper</CODE> on the first character of a word, it will
just upper case <VAR>n</VAR> words.




<H3><A NAME="SEC90" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC90">ToLower</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX123"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ToLower [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TL</CODE>


<P>
acts exactly like <CODE>ToUpper</CODE>, but lowers the case. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC89">ToUpper</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC91" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC91">Capitalize</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX124"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Capitalize [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CA</CODE>


<P>
acts exactly like <CODE>ToUpper</CODE>, but capitalizes, that is, makes the first
letter upper case and the other ones lower case. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC89">ToUpper</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC92" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC92">RightMargin</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX125"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>RightMargin [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>RM</CODE>


<P>
sets the right margin for all formatting operations, and for <CODE>WordWrap</CODE>
(see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC93">WordWrap</A>).


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on the
input line, the default being the current value of the right margin.


<P>
A value of zero for <VAR>n</VAR> will force <CODE>ne</CODE> to use (what it thinks it is)
the current screen width as right margin.




<H3><A NAME="SEC93" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC93">WordWrap</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX126"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>WordWrap [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>WW</CODE>


<P>
sets the word wrap flag. When this flag is true, <CODE>ne</CODE> will automatically
break lines of text longer than the current right margin (see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC92">RightMargin</A>)
while you type them.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>WordWrap</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`w'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC94" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC94">AutoIndent</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX127"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>AutoIndent [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>AI</CODE>


<P>
sets the auto indent flag. When this flag is true, <CODE>ne</CODE> will
automatically insert TABs and spaces on a new line (created by an
<CODE>InsertLine</CODE> command, or by automatic word wrapping) in such a way to
replicate the initial spaces of the previous line. Most useful for indenting
programs.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>AutoIndent</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`a'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
<CODE>AutoIndent</CODE> features a nice interaction with <CODE>Undo</CODE>. Whenever a
new line is created, the insertion of spaces is recorded as a separate
action in the undo buffer (with respect to the line creation). If you are
not satisfied with the indentation, just give the <CODE>Undo</CODE> command and
the indentation will disappear (but the new line will remain in place, since
its creation has been recorded as a separate action). See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC82">Undo</A>.




<H2><A NAME="SEC95" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC95">Preferences Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands allow you to set your preferences, that is, the value of
a series of flags that modify the behaviour of <CODE>ne</CODE>. (Some of the
flag commands, like the command for the indent flag, appear in other
sections.) The status of the flags can be saved and restored later
either by writing them out to a file (saved as a macro that suitably
sets the flags) or by pushing them onto a "preferences stack". The
back search and the read only flags are not saved, because they do not
represent a preference, but rather a temporary state. The escape time
and the turbo parameter are global to <CODE>ne</CODE>, and are not
saved. However, you can add manually to a preferences file any
preferences command (such as <CODE>EscapeTime</CODE> or <CODE>Turbo</CODE>);
usually, this will be done to the default preferences file
<TT>`~/.ne/.default#ap'</TT>.


<P>
Note that there is an automatic preferences system, which automagically loads a
preferences file related to the extension of the file name. Automatic
preferences files are kept in your <TT>`~/.ne'</TT> directory. They
are named as an extension postfixed with <SAMP>`#ap'</SAMP>. Each time you open
a file whose name has an extension for which there is an automatic
preferences file, the latter is executed. If you want to inhibit this
process, you can clear the automatic preferences flag. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC97">AutoPrefs</A>.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC96">Flags</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC97">AutoPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC98">Binary</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC99">Insert</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC100">FastGUI</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC101">FreeForm</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC103">StatusBar</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC104">HexCode</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC105">ReadOnly</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC106">EscapeTime</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC107">TabSize</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC108">Turbo</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC109">VerboseMacros</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC110">PreserveCR</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC111">CRLF</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC112">PushPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC113">PopPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC114">LoadPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC115">SavePrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC116">LoadAutoPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC117">SaveAutoPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC118">SaveDefPrefs</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC119">Modified</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC96" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC96">Flags</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX128"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Flags</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>FLAG</CODE>


<P>
displays a list of all the status flags for ne and their
associated commands. It is not recorded when recording a macro.



<PRE>
FLAG COMMAND      ABBR  DESCRIPTION
 i   Insert        I    inserts new characters (vs. replacing)
 a   AutoIndent    AI   aligns cursor under previous line after &#60;Return&#62;
 b   BackSearch    BS   searches search backward rather than forward
 c   CaseSearch    CS   searches are case sensitive
 w   WordWrap      WW   breaks long lines as you type
 f   FreeForm      FF   allows cursor to move beyond the end of lines
 p   AutoPrefs     AP   use automatic preferences based on file extension
 v   VerboseMacros VM   record macros using use long command names
 u   DoUndo        DU   record edits for later undoing
 r   ReadOnly      RO   changes are not allowed
 B   Binary        B    affects file loading/saving
 M   Mark          M    mark set for line-oriented block operations
 V   MarkVert      MV   like mark, but block is rectangle
 R   Record        REC  actions are being recorded in a macro
 P   PreserveCR    PCR  affects how &#60;CR&#62; chars are loaded from files
 C   CRLF          CRLF use CR/LF as line terminator
 *   Modified      MOD  document has been modified since last saved
</PRE>



<H3><A NAME="SEC97" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC97">AutoPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX129"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>AutoPrefs [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>AP</CODE>


<P>
sets the automatic preferences flag. If this flag is true, each
time an <CODE>Open</CODE> command is executed and a file is loaded, <CODE>ne</CODE> will
look for an automatic preferences file in your <TT>`~/.ne'</TT> directory.
The preferences file name is given by the extension of the file loaded,
postfixed with <SAMP>`#ap'</SAMP>. Thus, for instance, C sources have an associated
<TT>`c#ap'</TT> file.
See section <A HREF="ne_3.html#SEC34">Automatic Preferences</A>.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>AutoPrefs</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`p'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC98" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC98">Binary</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
<A NAME="IDX131"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Binary [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>B</CODE>


<P>
sets the binary flag. When this flag is true, loading and saving a
document is performed in a different way. On loading, only nulls are
considered newlines; on saving, nulls are saved instead of newlines. This
allows you to edit a binary file, fix some text in it, and save it without
modifying anything else. Normally, linefeeds, carriage returns and nulls are
considered newlines, so that what you load will have all nulls and carriage
returns substituted by newlines when saved.


<P>
Note that since usually binary files contain a great number of nulls, and every
null will be considered a line terminator, the memory necessary for loading a
binary file can be several times bigger than the length of the file
itself. Thus, binary editing within <CODE>ne</CODE> should be considered not a
normal activity, but rather an exceptional one.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>Binary</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. An upper
case <SAMP>`B'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC99" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC99">Insert</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX132"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Insert [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>I</CODE>


<P>
sets the insert flag. If this flag is true, the text you type is
inserted, otherwise it overwrites the existing characters. This also
governs the behaviour of the <CODE>InsertChar</CODE> and <CODE>InsertString</CODE>
commands.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>Insert</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`i'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC100" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC100">FastGUI</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX133"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>FastGUI [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>FG</CODE>


<P>
sets the fast graphical user interface flag. When this flag is
true, <CODE>ne</CODE> tries to print as little as possible while displaying
menus and the status bar. In particular, menu items are highlighted by
the cursor only, the status bar is not highlighted (which allows
printing it with fewer characters) and the hexadecimal code is not
displayed. This option is only (but very) useful if you are using
<CODE>ne</CODE> through a slow connection.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>FastGUI</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively.




<H3><A NAME="SEC101" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC101">FreeForm</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX134"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>FreeForm [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>FF</CODE>


<P>
sets the free form flag. When this flag is true, you can move with
the cursor anywhere on the screen, even where there is no text present (however,
you cannot move inside the space expansion of a TAB character).


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>FreeForm</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`f'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
The issue free-form-versus-non-free-form is a major religious war that
has engaged users from day one. The due of the implementor is to allow
both choices, and to set as default the correct one (in his humble
opinion). In this case, non-free-form.




<H3><A NAME="SEC102" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC102">NoFileReq</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX135"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NoFileReq [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>NFR</CODE>


<P>
sets the file requester flag. When this flag is true,
the file requester is never opened, under any circumstances.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively.




<H3><A NAME="SEC103" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC103">StatusBar</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX136"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>StatusBar [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ST</CODE>


<P>
sets the status bar flag. When this flag is true, the status bar is
displayed at the bottom of the screen. There are only two reasons to
turn off the status bar we are aware of:



<UL>

<LI>

if you are using <CODE>ne</CODE> through a slow connection, updating the
line/column indicator can really slow down editing;

<LI>

scrolling caused by cursor movement on terminals that do not allow to set a
scrolling region can produce annoying flashes at the bottom of the screen.

</UL>

<P>
If you invoke <CODE>StatusBar</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively.




<H3><A NAME="SEC104" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC104">HexCode</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX137"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>HexCode [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>HC</CODE>


<P>
sets the hex code flag. When this flag is true, the
hexadecimal code of the character currently under the cursor is
displayed on the status line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC105" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC105">ReadOnly</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX138"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ReadOnly [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>RO</CODE>


<P>
sets the read only flag. When this flag is true, no editing can be
performed on the document (any such attempt produces an error message). This
flag is automatically set whenever you open a file that you cannot write to.
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC39">Open</A>.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>ReadOnly</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC106" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC106">EscapeTime</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX139"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>EscapeTime [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ET</CODE>


<P>
sets the escape time. The <KBD>Escape</KBD> key is recognized as such
after <VAR>n</VAR> tenths of second.
(see section <A HREF="ne_7.html#SEC171">Motivations and Design</A>.)
Along slow connections, it can happen that the default value of 10 is
too low: in this case, escape sequences (e.g., those of the arrow keys)
could be erroneously broken into an escape and some spurious characters.
Rising the escape time usually solves this problem. Allowed values range
from 0 to 255.


<P>
Note that the escape time is global to <CODE>ne</CODE>, and it is not saved. However,
you can add an <CODE>EscapeTime</CODE> command manually to a preferences file.




<H3><A NAME="SEC107" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC107">TabSize</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX140"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>TabSize [<VAR>size</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TS</CODE>


<P>
sets the number of spaces <CODE>ne</CODE> will use when expanding a
TAB character.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>size</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on the
input line, the default being the current TAB size. Allowed values are
strictly between 0 and half the width of the screen.




<H3><A NAME="SEC108" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC108">Turbo</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX141"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Turbo [<VAR>steps</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TUR</CODE>


<P>
sets the turbo parameter. Iterated actions and
global replaces will update at most <VAR>steps</VAR> line of the screen (or
at most twice the number of visible rows if <VAR>steps</VAR> is zero); then,
update will be delayed to the end of the action.


<P>
This feature is most useful when massive operations (such as replacing
thousands of occurrences of a pattern) have to be performed. After having
updated <VAR>steps</VAR> lines, <CODE>ne</CODE> can proceed at maximum speed, because
no visual update has to be performed.


<P>
The value of the turbo parameter has to be adapted to the kind of
terminal you are using. Very high values can be good on high-speed
terminals, since the time required for the visual updates is very small,
and it is always safer to look at what the editor is really doing. On
slow terminals, however, small values ensure that operations such as
paragraph formatting will not take too long.


<P>
You have to be careful about setting the turbo parameter too low. <CODE>ne</CODE>
keeps track internally of the part of the screen that needs refresh in a
very rough way. This means that a value of less than, say, 8 will force it
to do a lot of unnecessary refresh.


<P>
The default value of this parameter is zero, which means twice the number
of lines of the screen; for several reasons this does seem to be a good
value.




<H3><A NAME="SEC109" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC109">VerboseMacros</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX142"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>VerboseMacros [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>VM</CODE>


<P>
sets the verbose macros flag. When this flag is true, all macros
generated by recording or by automatic preferences saving will contain
full names, instead of short names. This is highly desirable if you are
going to edit the macro manually, but it can slow down command parsing.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>VerboseMacros</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag. If you
specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true, respectively. A lower
case <SAMP>`v'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the flag is true.


<P>
The only reason to use this flag is when recording a macro that will be
played a great number of times. Automatic preferences files are too short to
be an issue with respect to execution timing.




<H3><A NAME="SEC110" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC110">PreserveCR</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX143"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PreserveCR [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PCR</CODE>


<P>
sets the preserve carriage returns flag.  When a file is
loaded into a buffer for which this flag is false, both CR (carriage
return) and NL (new line) characters are treated as line terminators.
If the flag is true, CR characters do not act as line terminators but
are instead preserved in the buffer. This flag has no effect except
when loading a file into a buffer.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>PreserveCR</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag.
If you specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true,
respectively. An upper case <SAMP>`P'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the
flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC111" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC111">CRLF</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX144"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>CRLF [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>CRLF</CODE>


<P>
sets the CR/LF flag. When a file is
saved from a buffer for which this flag is true, both a CR (carriage
return) and a NL (new line) character are output as line terminators.
This flag has no effect except when saving a file.


<P>
This flag is automatically set if you load a file that has at least one
CR/LF sequence into it.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>CRLF</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag.
If you specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true,
respectively. An upper case <SAMP>`C'</SAMP> will appear on the status bar if the
flag is true.




<H3><A NAME="SEC112" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC112">PushPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX145"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PushPrefs [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PUSHP</CODE>


<P>
pushes <VAR>n</VAR> copies of the user preferences onto a stack. If
not specified, <VAR>n</VAR> defaults to one. Use the <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> command
to pop preferences off the stack and restore the values. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC113">PopPrefs</A>. Note that the
preferences stack is global, not buffer-specific, so you could
<CODE>PushPrefs</CODE> one buffer's preferences, switch buffers, then
<CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> those preferences, thereby altering the preferences for
the second buffer. The maximum preferences stack depth is 32.


<P>
<CODE>PushPrefs</CODE> and <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> are useful in macros that require
certain preferences to work properly.  A macro can <CODE>PushPrefs</CODE>,
change any preferences necessary, do its work, then <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> to
restore the users previous preferences settings.


<P>
<CODE>PushPrefs</CODE> saves the following values on the prefs stack:



<PRE>
   AutoIndent   DoUndo    NoFileReq    StatusBar     
   AutoPrefs    FastGUI   PreserveCR   TabSize       
   Binary       FreeForm  ReadOnly     Turbo         
   CaseSearch   HexCode   RightMargin  VerboseMacros 
   ClipNumber   Insert    SearchBack   WordWrap     
</PRE>



<H3><A NAME="SEC113" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC113">PopPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX146"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PopPrefs [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>POPP</CODE>


<P>
pops <VAR>n</VAR> sets of preferences from the prefs stack (where they were
placed previously by <CODE>PushPrefs</CODE>) and applies those preferences to the
current buffer. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC112">PushPrefs</A>. If not specified, <VAR>n</VAR> defaults to one. Note that the
preferences stack is global, not buffer specific. Therefore you could
<CODE>PushPrefs</CODE> one buffer's preferences, switch buffers, then <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE>
those settings altering the preferences for the second buffer. The
maximum preferences stack depth is 32.


<P>
<CODE>PushPrefs</CODE> and <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> are useful in macros that require
certain preferences to work properly.  A macro can <CODE>PushPrefs</CODE>,
change any preferences necessary, do its work, then <CODE>PopPrefs</CODE> to
restore the users previous preferences settings.


<P>
PopPrefs restores the following values from the prefs stack:



<PRE>
   AutoIndent   DoUndo    NoFileReq    StatusBar     
   AutoPrefs    FastGUI   PreserveCR   TabSize       
   Binary       FreeForm  ReadOnly     Turbo         
   CaseSearch   HexCode   RightMargin  VerboseMacros 
   ClipNumber   Insert    SearchBack   WordWrap     
</PRE>



<H3><A NAME="SEC114" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC114">LoadPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX147"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>LoadPrefs [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>LP</CODE>


<P>
loads the given preference file, and sets the current preferences
accordingly.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the file
requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You can
inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.) If you escape from the file requester, you
can input the file name on the command line.


<P>
Note that a preferences file is just a macro containing only option
modifiers. You can manually edit a preferences file for special
purposes, such as filtering out specific settings.
See section <A HREF="ne_6.html#SEC170">Hints and Tricks</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC115" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC115">SavePrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX148"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SavePrefs [<VAR>filename</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SP</CODE>


<P>
saves the current preferences on the given file.


<P>
If the optional <VAR>filename</VAR> argument is not specified, the file
requester is opened, and you are prompted to select a file. (You can
inhibit the file requester opening by using the <CODE>NoFileReq</CODE>
command; see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC102">NoFileReq</A>.) If you escape from the file requester, you
can input the file name on the command line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC116" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC116">LoadAutoPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX149"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>LoadAutoPrefs</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>LAP</CODE>


<P>
loads the preferences file in <TT>`~/.ne'</TT> associated
with the current document's file name extension. If the current file
name has no extension, the default preferences are loaded.
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC97">AutoPrefs</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC117" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC117">SaveAutoPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX150"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SaveAutoPrefs</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SAP</CODE>


<P>
saves the current preferences on the file in <TT>`~/.ne'</TT>
associated with the current document's file name extension. If the
current file name has no extension, an error message is issued.
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC97">AutoPrefs</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC118" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC118">SaveDefPrefs</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX151"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SaveDefPrefs</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SDP</CODE>


<P>
saves the current preferences on the <TT>`~/.ne/.default#ap'</TT> file.
This file is always loaded by <CODE>ne</CODE> at startup.




<H3><A NAME="SEC119" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC119">Modified</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX152"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Modified [0|1]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MOD</CODE>


<P>
sets the modified flag.  This flag is set automatically
whenever a buffer is modified, and is used to determine which buffers
need to be saved when <CODE>ne</CODE> exits.  Normally you would not alter
this flag, but when a buffer is inadvertently modified and you don't
want the changes saved, <CODE>Modified</CODE> provides a way to make
<CODE>ne</CODE> consider the buffer unchanged.


<P>
If you invoke <CODE>Modified</CODE> with no arguments, it will toggle the flag.
If you specify 0 or 1, the flag will be set to false or true,
respectively. An asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) will appear on the status bar if the
flag is true.




<H2><A NAME="SEC120" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC120">Navigation Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands allow you to move through a document. Besides the standard
commands that allow you to move by lines, pages, <I>et cetera</I>, <CODE>ne</CODE>
has bookmarks that let you mark a position in a file so to move
to the same position later.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC121">MoveLeft</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC122">MoveRight</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC123">LineUp</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC124">LineDown</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC125">GotoLine</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC126">GotoColumn</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC127">GotoMark</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC128">PrevPage</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC129">NextPage</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC130">PageUp</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC131">PageDown</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC132">PrevWord</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC133">NextWord</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC134">MoveEOL</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC135">MoveSOL</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC136">MoveTOS</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC137">MoveBOS</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC138">MoveEOF</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC139">MoveSOF</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC140">MoveEOW</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC141">MoveIncUp</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC142">MoveIncDown</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC143">AdjustView</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC144">ToggleSEOF</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC145">ToggleSEOL</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC146">SetBookmark</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC147">GotoBookmark</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC121" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC121">MoveLeft</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX153"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveLeft [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ML</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the left by one character <VAR>n</VAR> times. If
the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC122" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC122">MoveRight</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX154"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveRight [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MR</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the right by one character <VAR>n</VAR> times. If
the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC123" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC123">LineUp</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX155"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>LineUp [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>LU</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor up by one line <VAR>n</VAR> times. If the optional
<VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC124" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC124">LineDown</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX156"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>LineDown [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>LD</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor down by one line <VAR>n</VAR> times. If the optional
<VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC125" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC125">GotoLine</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX157"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>GotoLine [<VAR>line</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>GL</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the <VAR>line</VAR>th line of the file. If <VAR>line</VAR>
is zero or greater than the number of lines in the file, the cursor is
moved to the last line.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>line</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line; the default input response is the current line number.




<H3><A NAME="SEC126" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC126">GotoColumn</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX158"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>GotoColumn [<VAR>column</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>GC</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the <VAR>column</VAR>th column of the file.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>line</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line; the default input response is the current column number.




<H3><A NAME="SEC127" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC127">GotoMark</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX159"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>GotoMark</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>GM</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the current mark, if it exists. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC53">Mark</A>.


<P>
<CODE>GotoMark</CODE> is mainly useful if you forgot where you started marking.
If you want to record a position in a file and jump to it later, you
may want to use a bookmark. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC146">SetBookmark</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC128" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC128">PrevPage</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX160"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PrevPage [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PP</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor <VAR>n</VAR> pages backward, if the cursor is on the
first line of the screen; otherwise moves the cursor to the first line of
the screen, and moves by <VAR>n</VAR>-1 pages. If the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument
is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC129" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC129">NextPage</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX161"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NextPage [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>NP</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor <VAR>n</VAR> pages forward, if the cursor is on the
last line of the screen; otherwise moves the cursor to the last line of the
screen, and moves by <VAR>n</VAR>-1 pages. If the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is
not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC130" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC130">PageUp</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX162"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PageUp [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PUP</CODE>


<P>
pages the screen backward by <VAR>n</VAR> screens.  
If <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC131" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC131">PageDown</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX163"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PageDown [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PDN</CODE>


<P>
pages the screen forward by <VAR>n</VAR> screens.  If <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, it is
assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC132" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC132">PrevWord</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX164"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>PrevWord [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>PW</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the first character of the previous word
<VAR>n</VAR> times. If the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is
assumed to be one (in which case, if the cursor is in the middle of a
word the effect is just to move it to the start of that word).




<H3><A NAME="SEC133" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC133">NextWord</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX165"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NextWord [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>NW</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the next word <VAR>n</VAR> times. If the optional
<VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC134" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC134">MoveEOL</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX166"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveEOL</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>EOL</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the end of the current line  (<CODE>EOL</CODE> = end of
line).




<H3><A NAME="SEC135" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC135">MoveSOL</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX167"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveSOL</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SOL</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the start of the current line (<CODE>SOL</CODE> = start of
line).




<H3><A NAME="SEC136" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC136">MoveTOS</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX168"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveTOS</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TOS</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the top line of the screen (<CODE>TOS</CODE> = top of
screen).




<H3><A NAME="SEC137" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC137">MoveBOS</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX169"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveBOS</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>BOS</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the lowest line currently visible (<CODE>BOS</CODE> = bottom of
screen).




<H3><A NAME="SEC138" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC138">MoveEOF</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX170"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveEOF</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>EOF</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the end of the document (<CODE>EOF</CODE> = end of
file).




<H3><A NAME="SEC139" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC139">MoveSOF</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX171"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveSOF</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SOF</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the start of the document (<CODE>SOF</CODE> = start
of file).




<H3><A NAME="SEC140" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC140">MoveEOW</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX172"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveEOW</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>EOW</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor one character past the end of the current word.


<P>
<CODE>MoveEOW</CODE> is extremely useful in macros, because it allows you to copy
precisely the word the cursor is on.
See section <A HREF="ne_6.html#SEC170">Hints and Tricks</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC141" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC141">MoveIncUp</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX173"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveIncUp</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MIU</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor incrementally towards the beginning of the
document. More precisely, if the cursor is not on the start of the line
it lies on, then it is moved to the start of that line. Otherwise, if it
is on the first line of the screen, then it is moved to the start of the
document; otherwise, it is moved to the first line of the screen.




<H3><A NAME="SEC142" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC142">MoveIncDown</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX174"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>MoveIncDown</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>MID</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor incrementally towards the end of the
document.  More precisely, if the cursor is not on the end of the line
it lies on, then it is moved to the end of that line. Otherwise, if it is
on the last line of the screen, then it is moved to the end of the
document; otherwise, it is moved to the last line of the screen.




<H3><A NAME="SEC143" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC143">AdjustView</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX175"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>AdjustView [T|C|B|L|M|R]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>AV</CODE>


<P>
shifts the view (text visible in the terminal window)
horizontally or vertically without changing the cursor's position in
the document. View adjustments are constrained by the current TAB
size and the length and width of the current document. If called with
no arguments <SAMP>`T'</SAMP> is assumed.


<P>
<SAMP>`T'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`C'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`B'</SAMP> cause vertical shifts so that the
current line becomes the top, center, or bottom-most visible line
respectively.


<P>
<SAMP>`L'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`M'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`R'</SAMP> cause horizontal shifts, making the
current column the left-most, middle, or right-most visible positions.


<P>
Horizontal and vertical adjustment specifications may be combined,
so that for example <SAMP>`AdjustView TL'</SAMP> shifts the view so
that the current position becomes the top left-most character on
screen (within the limits of the current TAB size).




<H3><A NAME="SEC144" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC144">ToggleSEOF</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX176"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ToggleSEOF</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TSEOF</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the start of document, if it is not already
there; otherwise, moves it to the end of the document.


<P>
This kind of toggling command (also see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC145">ToggleSEOL</A>) is very useful in
order to gain some keystrokes on systems with very few keys. See also
section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC139">MoveSOF</A>, and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC138">MoveEOF</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC145" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC145">ToggleSEOL</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX177"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>ToggleSEOL</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>TSEOL</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the start of the current line, if it is not
already there; otherwise, moves it to the end of the current line.


<P>
This kind of toggling command (also see section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC144">ToggleSEOF</A>) is very useful in
order to gain some keystrokes on systems with very few keys. See also
section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC135">MoveSOL</A>, and section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC134">MoveEOL</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC146" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC146">SetBookmark</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX178"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>SetBookmark [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SBM</CODE>


<P>
sets the <VAR>n</VAR>th bookmark to the current cursor position. If the
optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be zero. There
are ten bookmarks per document, numbered from 0 to 9.




<H3><A NAME="SEC147" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC147">GotoBookmark</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX179"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>GotoBookmark [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>GBM</CODE>


<P>
moves the cursor to the <VAR>n</VAR>th bookmark. If the optional
<VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is assumed to be zero. There are ten
bookmarks, numbered from 0 to 9.




<H2><A NAME="SEC148" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC148">Editing Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands allow modifing a document directly.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC149">InsertChar</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC150">InsertString</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC151">DeleteChar</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC152">Backspace</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC153">InsertLine</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC154">DeleteLine</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC155">DeleteEOL</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC149" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC149">InsertChar</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX180"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>InsertChar [<VAR>code</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>IC</CODE>


<P>
inserts a character whose ASCII code is <VAR>code</VAR> at the current
cursor position. 
<VAR>code</VAR> must always be different from 0. All the
currently active preferences options (insert, word wrapping, auto
indent, <I>et cetera</I>) are applied.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>code</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line, the default being the last inserted character.


<P>
Note that inserting a line feed (10) is completely different from inserting
a line with <CODE>InsertLine</CODE>. <CODE>InsertChar 10</CODE> puts the control char
<KBD><KBD>Control</KBD>-J</KBD> in the text at the current cursor position.
See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC153">InsertLine</A>.


<P>
Note also that <CODE>SaveMacro</CODE> converts <CODE>InsertChar</CODE> commands into
a possibly smaller number of <CODE>InsertString</CODE> commands.
(See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC79">SaveMacro</A>.) This makes macros easier to read and
edit.




<H3><A NAME="SEC150" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC150">InsertString</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX181"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>InsertString [<VAR>text</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>IS</CODE>


<P>
inserts <VAR>text</VAR> at the current cursor position. If
the optional argument <VAR>text</VAR> is omitted, you will be prompted for it
on the command line.  All the currently active preferences options
(insert, word wrapping, auto indent, <I>et cetera</I>) are applied.


<P>
Note that <CODE>SaveMacro</CODE> converts <CODE>InsertChar</CODE> commands into a
possibly smaller number of <CODE>InsertString</CODE> commands.
(See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC79">SaveMacro</A>.) This makes macros easier to read and
edit.




<H3><A NAME="SEC151" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC151">DeleteChar</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX182"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>DeleteChar [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>DC</CODE>


<P>
deletes <VAR>n</VAR> characters from the text. If the optional <VAR>n</VAR>
argument is not specified, it is assumed to be one. Deleting a character
when the cursor is just after the last char on a line will join a line with
the following one; in other words, the carriage return between the two lines
will be deleted. Note that if the cursor is past the end of the current line,
no action will be performed.




<H3><A NAME="SEC152" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC152">Backspace</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX183"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Backspace [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>BS</CODE>


<P>
acts like <CODE>DeleteChar</CODE>, but moves the cursor to the left
before deleting each character.




<H3><A NAME="SEC153" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC153">InsertLine</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX184"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>InsertLine [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>IL</CODE>


<P>
inserts <VAR>n</VAR> lines at the current cursor position, breaking the
current line. If the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is not specified, it is
assumed to be one.




<H3><A NAME="SEC154" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC154">DeleteLine</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX185"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>DeleteLine [<VAR>n</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>DL</CODE>


<P>
deletes <VAR>n</VAR> lines starting from the current cursor
position (putting the last one in the temporary buffer, from which it
can be undeleted. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC84">UndelLine</A>.) If the optional <VAR>n</VAR> argument is
not specified, it is assumed to be one. Note that this action is in no
way inverse with respect to <CODE>InsertLine</CODE>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC155" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC155">DeleteEOL</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX186"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>DeleteEOL</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>DE</CODE>


<P>
deletes all characters from the current cursor position to the end
of the line.


<P>
<CODE>DeleteEOL</CODE> could be easily implemented with a macro, but it is such a
common, basic editing feature that it seemed worth a separate implementation.




<H2><A NAME="SEC156" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC156">Support Commands</A></H2>

<P>
These commands perform miscellaneous useful actions. In particular, they
provide access to the shell and a way to assign the functionality of
<KBD>Escape</KBD> to another key.



<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC157">About</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC158">Beep</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC159">Exec</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC160">Flash</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC161">Help</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC162">NOP</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC163">Refresh</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC164">Suspend</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC165">System</A>
<LI><A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC166">Escape</A>
</UL>



<H3><A NAME="SEC157" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC157">About</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX187"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>About</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>About</CODE>


<P>
displays a simple information line about <CODE>ne</CODE> on the status bar.




<H3><A NAME="SEC158" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC158">Beep</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX188"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Beep</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>BE</CODE>


<P>
beeps. If your terminal cannot beep, it flashes. If it cannot
flash, nothing happens (but you have a very bad terminal).




<H3><A NAME="SEC159" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC159">Exec</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX189"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Exec</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>EX</CODE>


<P>
prompts the user on the input line, asking for a command, and
executes it. It is never registered while recording a macro (though the command
you type is).


<P>
<CODE>Exec</CODE> is mainly useful for key bindings, menu configurations, and in
manually programmed macros.


<P>
Note that if the command you specify does not appear in <CODE>ne</CODE>'s internal
tables, it is considered to be a macro name. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC77">Macro</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC160" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC160">Flash</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX190"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Flash</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>FL</CODE>


<P>
acts as <CODE>Beep</CODE>, but interchanging the words "beep" and "flash".
Same comments apply. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC158">Beep</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC161" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC161">Help</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX191"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Help [<VAR>name</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>H</CODE>


<P>
displays some help about the command <VAR>name</VAR> (both the short and
the long versions of the command names are accepted). If no argument is
given, a list of all existing commands in long form is displayed,
allowing you to choose one. You can browse the help text with the
standard navigation keys. If you press <KBD>Return</KBD>, the command list
will be displayed again. If you press <KBD>f1</KBD> or <KBD>Escape</KBD>, you will
return to normal editing.


<P>
Invocations of the <CODE>Help</CODE> command are never registered while
recording macros so that you can safely access the help system while
recording. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC162" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC162">NOP</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX192"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>NOP</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>NOP</CODE>


<P>
does nothing. Mainly useful for inhibiting standard key bindings.




<H3><A NAME="SEC163" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC163">Refresh</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX193"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Refresh</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>REF</CODE>


<P>
refreshes the display. <CODE>Refresh</CODE> is very important, and should
preferably be bound to the <KBD><KBD>Control</KBD>-L</KBD> sequence, for historical
reasons. It can always happen that a noisy phone line or a quirk in the
terminal corrupts the display. This command restores it from scratch.


<P>
<CODE>Refresh</CODE> has the side effect of checking to see if your window
size has changed, and will modify the display to take that into
account.




<H3><A NAME="SEC164" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC164">Suspend</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX194"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Suspend</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SU</CODE>


<P>
suspends <CODE>ne</CODE> and returns you to a shell prompt; usually,
the shell command <CODE>fg</CODE> is used to resume <CODE>ne</CODE>.




<H3><A NAME="SEC165" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC165">System</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX195"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>System [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>SYS</CODE>


<P>
asks the shell to execute <VAR>command</VAR>. The terminal is
temporarily reset to the state it was in before <CODE>ne</CODE>'s activation, and
<VAR>command</VAR> is started. When the execution is finished, control
returns to <CODE>ne</CODE>.


<P>
If the optional argument <VAR>command</VAR> is not specified, you can enter it on
the input line.




<H3><A NAME="SEC166" HREF="ne_toc.html#TOC166">Escape</A></H3>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX196"></A>


<P>
Syntax: <CODE>Escape</CODE><BR>
Abbreviation: <CODE>ESC</CODE>


<P>
toggles the menus on and off, or escapes from the input line. This
command is mainly useful for reprogramming the menu activator, and it is
never registered while recording a macro. See section <A HREF="ne_4.html#SEC75">Record</A>.


<P><HR><P>
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