---
title: "YAML configuration"
---

## Properties for physical device types

**Note:** Some options will not work reliably for devices matched by name only
and rendered by networkd, due to interactions with device renaming in udev.
Match devices by MAC when setting options like: `wakeonlan` or `*-offload`.

- **match** (mapping)

  > This selects a subset of available physical devices by various hardware
  > properties. The following configuration will then apply to all matching
  > devices, as soon as they appear. *All* specified properties must match.

  - **name** (scalar)

    > Current interface name. Globs are supported, and the primary use case for
    > matching on names, as selecting one fixed name can be more easily achieved
    > with having no `match:` at all and just using the ID (see above).
    > (`NetworkManager`: as of v1.14.0)

  - **macaddress** (scalar)

    > Device's 6-byte permanent MAC address in the form "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" or
    > 20 bytes for InfiniBand devices (IPoIB). Globs are not allowed.
    > This doesn't match virtual MAC addresses for veth, bridge, bond, vlan, ...

  - **driver** (scalar or sequence of scalars) – sequence since **0.104**

    > Kernel driver name, corresponding to the `DRIVER` udev property.
    > A sequence of globs is supported, any of which must match.
    > Matching on driver is *only* supported with networkd.

  Examples:

  - All cards on second PCI bus:
    ```yaml
    match:
      name: enp2*
    ```

  - Fixed MAC address:
    ```yaml
    match:
      macaddress: 11:22:33:AA:BB:FF
    ```

  - First card of driver ``ixgbe``:
    ```yaml
    match:
      driver: ixgbe
      name: en*s0
    ```

  - First card with a driver matching ``bcmgenet`` or ``smsc*``:
    ```yaml
    match:
      driver: ["bcmgenet", "smsc*"]
      name: en*
    ```

- **set-name** (scalar)

  > When matching on unique properties such as path or MAC, or with additional
  > assumptions such as "there will only ever be one wifi device", match rules
  > can be written so that they only match one device. Then this property can be
  > used to give that device a more specific/desirable/nicer name than the
  > default from udev's ifnames. Any additional device that satisfies the match
  > rules will then fail to get renamed and keep the original kernel name (and
  > dmesg will show an error).

- **wakeonlan** (bool)

  > Enable wake on LAN. Off by default.

- **emit-lldp** (bool) – since **0.99**

  > (networkd backend only) Whether to emit LLDP packets. Off by default.

- **receive-checksum-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the hardware offload for
  > checksumming of ingress network packets is enabled (disabled). When unset,
  > the kernel's default will be used.

- **transmit-checksum-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the hardware offload for
  > checksumming of egress network packets is enabled (disabled). When unset,
  > the kernel's default will be used.

- **tcp-segmentation-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the TCP Segmentation
  > Offload (TSO) is enabled (disabled). When unset, the kernel's default will
  > be used.

- **tcp6-segmentation-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the TCP6 Segmentation
  > Offload (tx-tcp6-segmentation) is enabled (disabled). When unset, the
  > kernel's default will be used.

- **generic-segmentation-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the Generic Segmentation
  > Offload (GSO) is enabled (disabled). When unset, the kernel's default will
  > be used.

- **generic-receive-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the Generic Receive
  > Offload (GRO) is enabled (disabled). When unset, the kernel's default will
  > be used.

- **large-receive-offload** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) If set to true (false), the Large Receive Offload
  > (LRO) is enabled (disabled). When unset, the kernel's default will
  > be used.

- **openvswitch** (mapping) – since **0.100**

  > This provides additional configuration for the openvswitch network device.
  > If Open vSwitch is not available on the system, netplan treats the presence
  > of `openvswitch` configuration as an error.
  >
  > Any supported network device that is declared with the `openvswitch`
  > mapping (or any bond/bridge that includes an interface with an openvswitch
  > configuration) will be created in openvswitch instead of the defined
  > renderer. In the case of a `vlan` definition declared the same way,
  > netplan will create a fake VLAN bridge in openvswitch with the requested
  > `vlan` properties.

  - **external-ids** (mapping) – since **0.100**

    > Passed-through directly to Open vSwitch

  - **other-config** (mapping) – since **0.100**

    > Passed-through directly to Open vSwitch

  - **lacp** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bond interfaces. Accepts `active`, `passive` or `off` (the
    > default).

  - **fail-mode** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bridge interfaces. Accepts `secure` or `standalone` (the
    > default).

  - **mcast-snooping** (bool) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bridge interfaces. False by default.

  - **protocols** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bridge interfaces or the network section. List of protocols to
    > be used when negotiating a connection with the controller. Accepts
    > `OpenFlow10`, `OpenFlow11`, `OpenFlow12`, `OpenFlow13`, `OpenFlow14`,
    > `OpenFlow15` and `OpenFlow16`.

  - **rstp** (bool) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bridge interfaces. False by default.

  - **controller** (mapping) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for bridge interfaces. Specify an external OpenFlow controller.

    - **addresses** (sequence of scalars)

      > Set the list of addresses to use for the controller targets. The
      > syntax of these addresses is as defined in ovs-vsctl(8). Example:
      > addresses: `[tcp:127.0.0.1:6653, "ssl:[fe80::1234%eth0]:6653"]`

    - **connection-mode** (scalar)

      > Set the connection mode for the controller. Supported options are
      > `in-band` and `out-of-band`. The default is `in-band`.

  - **ports** (sequence of sequence of scalars) – since **0.100**

    > Open vSwitch patch ports. Each port is declared as a pair of names
    > which can be referenced as interfaces in dependent virtual devices
    > (bonds, bridges).

    Example:
    ```yaml
    openvswitch:
      ports:
        - [patch0-1, patch1-0]
    ```

  - **ssl** (mapping) – since **0.100**

    > Valid for global `openvswitch` settings. Options for configuring SSL
    > server endpoint for the switch.

    - **ca-cert** (scalar)

      > Path to a file containing the CA certificate to be used.

    - **certificate** (scalar)

      > Path to a file containing the server certificate.

    - **private-key** (scalar)

      > Path to a file containing the private key for the server.

## Properties for all device types

- **renderer** (scalar)

  > Use the given networking backend for this definition. Currently supported
  > are `networkd` and `NetworkManager`. This property can be specified globally
  > in `network:`, for a device type (in e. g. `ethernets:`) or
  > for a particular device definition. Default is `networkd`.
  >
  > (Since 0.99) The `renderer` property has one additional acceptable value for
  > vlan objects (i. e. defined in `vlans:`): `sriov`. If a vlan is defined with
  > the `sriov` renderer for an SR-IOV Virtual Function interface, this causes
  > netplan to set up a hardware VLAN filter for it. There can be only one
  > defined per VF.

- **dhcp4** (bool)

  > Enable DHCP for IPv4. Off by default.

- **dhcp6** (bool)

  > Enable DHCP for IPv6. Off by default. This covers both stateless DHCP -
  > where the DHCP server supplies information like DNS nameservers but not the
  > IP address - and stateful DHCP, where the server provides both the address
  > and the other information.
  >
  > If you are in an IPv6-only environment with completely stateless
  > auto-configuration (SLAAC with RDNSS), this option can be set to cause the
  > interface to be brought up. (Setting accept-ra alone is not sufficient.)
  > Auto-configuration will still honor the contents of the router
  > advertisement and only use DHCP if requested in the RA.
  >
  > Note that **`rdnssd`**(8) is required to use RDNSS with networkd. No extra
  > software is required for NetworkManager.

- **ipv6-mtu** (scalar) – since **0.98**
  > Set the IPv6 MTU (only supported with `networkd` backend). Note
  > that needing to set this is an unusual requirement.
  >
  > **Requires feature: ipv6-mtu**

- **ipv6-privacy** (bool)

  > Enable IPv6 Privacy Extensions (RFC 4941) for the specified interface, and
  > prefer temporary addresses. Defaults to false - no privacy extensions. There
  > is currently no way to have a private address but prefer the public address.

- **link-local** (sequence of scalars)

  > Configure the link-local addresses to bring up. Valid options are 'ipv4'
  > and 'ipv6', which respectively allow enabling IPv4 and IPv6 link local
  > addressing. If this field is not defined, the default is to enable only
  > IPv6 link-local addresses. If the field is defined but configured as an
  > empty set, IPv6 link-local addresses are disabled as well as IPv4 link-
  > local addresses.
  >
  > This feature enables or disables link-local addresses for a protocol, but
  > the actual implementation differs per backend. On networkd, this directly
  > changes the behavior and may add an extra address on an interface. When
  > using the NetworkManager backend, enabling link-local has no effect if the
  > interface also has DHCP enabled.

  Examples:

  - Enable only IPv4 link-local: `link-local: [ ipv4 ]`
  - Enable all link-local addresses: `link-local: [ ipv4, ipv6 ]`
  - Disable all link-local addresses: `link-local: [ ]`

- **ignore-carrier** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (networkd backend only) Allow the specified interface to be configured even
  > if it has no carrier.

- **critical** (bool)

  > Designate the connection as "critical to the system", meaning that special
  > care will be taken by to not release the assigned IP when the daemon is
  > restarted. (not recognized by NetworkManager)

- **dhcp-identifier** (scalar)

  > (networkd backend only) Sets the source of DHCPv4 client identifier. If
  > `mac` is specified, the MAC address of the link is used. If this option is
  > omitted, or if `duid` is specified, networkd will generate an
  > RFC4361-compliant client identifier for the interface by combining the
  > link's IAID and DUID.

- **dhcp4-overrides** (mapping)

  > (networkd backend only) Overrides default DHCP behavior; see the
  > `DHCP Overrides` section below.

- **dhcp6-overrides** (mapping)

  > (networkd backend only) Overrides default DHCP behavior; see the
  > `DHCP Overrides` section below.

- **accept-ra** (bool)

  > Accept Router Advertisement that would have the kernel configure IPv6 by
  > itself. When enabled, accept Router Advertisements. When disabled, do not
  > respond to Router Advertisements.  If unset use the host kernel default
  > setting.

- **addresses** (sequence of scalars and mappings)

  > Add static addresses to the interface in addition to the ones received
  > through DHCP or RA. Each sequence entry is in CIDR notation, i. e. of the
  > form `addr/prefixlen`. `addr` is an IPv4 or IPv6 address as recognized
  > by **`inet_pton`**(3) and `prefixlen` the number of bits of the subnet.
  >
  > For virtual devices (bridges, bonds, vlan) if there is no address
  > configured and DHCP is disabled, the interface may still be brought online,
  > but will not be addressable from the network.
  >
  > In addition to the addresses themselves one can specify configuration
  > parameters as mappings. Current supported options are:

  - **lifetime** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > Default: ``forever``. This can be ``forever`` or ``0`` and corresponds
    > to the ``PreferredLifetime`` option in ``systemd-networkd``'s Address
    > section. Currently supported on the ``networkd`` backend only.

  - **label** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > An IP address label, equivalent to the ``ip address label``
    > command. Currently supported on the ``networkd`` backend only.

  Examples:

  - Simple: ``addresses: [192.168.14.2/24, "2001:1::1/64"]``
  - Advanced:
    ```yaml
    ethernets:
      eth0:
        addresses:
          - "10.0.0.15/24":
              lifetime: 0
              label: "maas"
          - "2001:1::1/64"
    ```

- **ipv6-address-generation** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Configure method for creating the address for use with RFC4862 IPv6
  > Stateless Address Auto-configuration (only supported with `NetworkManager`
  > backend). Possible values are `eui64` or `stable-privacy`.

- **ipv6-address-token** (scalar) – since **0.100**

  > Define an IPv6 address token for creating a static interface identifier for
  > IPv6 Stateless Address Auto-configuration. This is mutually exclusive with
  > `ipv6-address-generation`.

- **gateway4**, **gateway6** (scalar)

  > Deprecated, see `Default routes`.
  > Set default gateway for IPv4/6, for manual address configuration. This
  > requires setting `addresses` too. Gateway IPs must be in a form
  > recognized by **`inet_pton`**(3). There should only be a single gateway
  > per IP address family set in your global config, to make it unambiguous.
  > If you need multiple default routes, please define them via
  > `routing-policy`.

  Examples

  - IPv4: `gateway4: 172.16.0.1`
  - IPv6: `gateway6: "2001:4::1"`

- **nameservers** (mapping)

  > Set DNS servers and search domains, for manual address configuration. There
  > are two supported fields: `addresses:` is a list of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses
  > similar to `gateway*`, and `search:` is a list of search domains.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    id0:
      [...]
      nameservers:
        search: [lab, home]
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, "FEDC::1"]
  ```

- **macaddress** (scalar)

  > Set the device's MAC address. The MAC address must be in the form
  > "XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX".
  >
  > **Note:** This will not work reliably for devices matched by name
  > only and rendered by networkd, due to interactions with device
  > renaming in udev. Match devices by MAC when setting MAC addresses.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    id0:
      match:
        macaddress: 52:54:00:6b:3c:58
      [...]
      macaddress: 52:54:00:6b:3c:59
  ```

- **mtu** (scalar)

  > Set the Maximum Transmission Unit for the interface. The default is 1500.
  > Valid values depend on your network interface.
  >
  > **Note:** This will not work reliably for devices matched by name
  > only and rendered by networkd, due to interactions with device
  > renaming in udev. Match devices by MAC when setting MTU.

- **optional** (bool)

  > An optional device is not required for booting. Normally, networkd will
  > wait some time for device to become configured before proceeding with
  > booting. However, if a device is marked as optional, networkd will not wait
  > for it. This is *only* supported by networkd, and the default is false.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    eth7:
      # this is plugged into a test network that is often
      # down - don't wait for it to come up during boot.
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true
  ```

- **optional-addresses** (sequence of scalars)

  > Specify types of addresses that are not required for a device to be
  > considered online. This changes the behavior of backends at boot time to
  > avoid waiting for addresses that are marked optional, and thus consider
  > the interface as "usable" sooner. This does not disable these addresses,
  > which will be brought up anyway.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    eth7:
      dhcp4: true
      dhcp6: true
      optional-addresses: [ ipv4-ll, dhcp6 ]
  ```

- **activation-mode** (scalar) – since **0.103**

  > Allows specifying the management policy of the selected interface. By
  > default, netplan brings up any configured interface if possible. Using the
  > `activation-mode` setting users can override that behavior by either
  > specifying `manual`, to hand over control over the interface state to the
  > administrator or (for networkd backend *only*) `off` to force the link
  > in a down state at all times. Any interface with `activation-mode`
  > defined is implicitly considered `optional`.
  > Supported officially as of `networkd` v248+.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    eth1:
      # this interface will not be put into an UP state automatically
      dhcp4: true
      activation-mode: manual
  ```

- **routes** (sequence of mappings)

  > Configure static routing for the device; see the `Routing` section below.

- **routing-policy** (sequence of mappings)

  > Configure policy routing for the device; see the `Routing` section below.

- **neigh-suppress** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Takes a boolean. Configures whether ARP and ND neighbor suppression is
  > enabled for this port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

## DHCP Overrides
Several DHCP behavior overrides are available. Most currently only have any
effect when using the `networkd` backend, with the exception of `use-routes`
and `route-metric`.

Overrides only have an effect if the corresponding `dhcp4` or `dhcp6` is
set to `true`.

If both `dhcp4` and `dhcp6` are `true`, the `networkd` backend requires
that `dhcp4-overrides` and `dhcp6-overrides` contain the same keys and
values. If the values do not match, an error will be shown and the network
configuration will not be applied.

When using the NetworkManager backend, different values may be specified for
`dhcp4-overrides` and `dhcp6-overrides`, and will be applied to the DHCP
client processes as specified in the netplan YAML.

- **dhcp4-overrides**, **dhcp6-overrides** (mapping)

  > The `dhcp4-overrides` and `dhcp6-override`` mappings override the
  > default DHCP behavior.

  - **use-dns** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the DNS servers received from the
    > DHCP server will be used and take precedence over any statically
    > configured ones. Currently only has an effect on the `networkd`
    > backend.

  - **use-ntp** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the NTP servers received from the
    > DHCP server will be used by systemd-timesyncd and take precedence
    > over any statically configured ones. Currently only has an effect on
    > the `networkd` backend.

  - **send-hostname** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the machine's hostname will be sent
    > to the DHCP server. Currently only has an effect on the `networkd`
    > backend.

  - **use-hostname** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the hostname received from the DHCP
     > server will be set as the transient hostname of the system. Currently
     > only has an effect on the `networkd` backend.

  - **use-mtu** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the MTU received from the DHCP
    > server will be set as the MTU of the network interface. When `false`,
    > the MTU advertised by the DHCP server will be ignored. Currently only
    > has an effect on the `networkd` backend.

  - **hostname** (scalar)

    > Use this value for the hostname which is sent to the DHCP server,
    > instead of machine's hostname. Currently only has an effect on the
    > `networkd` backend.

  - **use-routes** (bool)

    > Default: `true`. When `true`, the routes received from the DHCP
    > server will be installed in the routing table normally. When set to
    > `false`, routes from the DHCP server will be ignored: in this case,
    > the user is responsible for adding static routes if necessary for
    > correct network operation. This allows users to avoid installing a
    > default gateway for interfaces configured via DHCP. Available for
    > both the `networkd` and `NetworkManager` backends.

  - **route-metric** (scalar)

    > Use this value for default metric for automatically-added routes.
    > Use this to prioritize routes for devices by setting a lower metric
    > on a preferred interface. Available for both the `networkd` and
    > `NetworkManager` backends.

  - **use-domains** (scalar) – since **0.98**

    > Takes a boolean, or the special value "route". When true, the domain
    > name received from the DHCP server will be used as DNS search domain
    > over this link, similar to the effect of the Domains= setting. If set
    > to "route", the domain name received from the DHCP server will be
    > used for routing DNS queries only, but not for searching, similar to
    > the effect of the Domains= setting when the argument is prefixed with
    > "~".
    >
    > **Requires feature: dhcp-use-domains**


## Routing
Complex routing is possible with netplan. Standard static routes as well
as policy routing using routing tables are supported via the `networkd`
backend.

These options are available for all types of interfaces.

### Default routes

The most common need for routing concerns the definition of default routes to
reach the wider Internet. Those default routes can only defined once per IP
family and routing table. A typical example would look like the following:

```yaml
eth0:
  [...]
  routes:
    - to: default # could be 0.0.0.0/0 optionally
      via: 10.0.0.1
      metric: 100
      on-link: true
    - to: default # could be ::/0 optionally
      via: cf02:de:ad:be:ef::2
eth1:
  [...]
  routes:
    - to: default
      via: 172.134.67.1
      metric: 100
      on-link: true
      # Not on the main routing table,
      # does not conflict with the eth0 default route
      table: 76
```

- **routes** (mapping)

  > The `routes` block defines standard static routes for an interface.
  > At least `to` must be specified. If type is `local` or `nat` a
  > default scope of `host` is assumed.
  > If type is `unicast` and no gateway (`via`) is given or type is
  > `broadcast`, `multicast` or `anycast` a default scope of `link`
  > is assumed. Otherwise, a ``global`` scope is the default setting.
  >
  > For `from`, `to`, and `via`, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are
  > recognized, and must be in the form `addr/prefixlen` or `addr`.

  - **from** (scalar)

    > Set a source IP address for traffic going through the route.
    > (`NetworkManager`: as of v1.8.0)

  - **to** (scalar)

    > Destination address for the route.

  - **via** (scalar)

    > Address to the gateway to use for this route.

  - **on-link** (bool)

    > When set to "true", specifies that the route is directly connected
    > to the interface.
    > (`NetworkManager`: as of v1.12.0 for IPv4 and v1.18.0 for IPv6)

  - **metric** (scalar)

    > The relative priority of the route. Must be a positive integer value.

  - **type** (scalar)

    > The type of route. Valid options are "unicast" (default), "anycast",
    > "blackhole", "broadcast", "local", "multicast", "nat", "prohibit",
    > "throw", "unreachable" or "xresolve".

  - **scope** (scalar)

    > The route scope, how wide-ranging it is to the network. Possible
    > values are "global", "link", or "host". Applies to IPv4 only.

  - **table** (scalar)

    > The table number to use for the route. In some scenarios, it may be
    > useful to set routes in a separate routing table. It may also be used
    > to refer to routing policy rules which also accept a `table`
    > parameter. Allowed values are positive integers starting from 1.
    > Some values are already in use to refer to specific routing tables:
    > see `/etc/iproute2/rt_tables`.
    > (`NetworkManager`: as of v1.10.0)

  - **mtu** (scalar) – since **0.101**

    > The MTU to be used for the route, in bytes. Must be a positive integer
    > value.

  - **congestion-window** (scalar) – since **0.102**

    > The congestion window to be used for the route, represented by number
    > of segments. Must be a positive integer value.

  - **advertised-receive-window** (scalar) – since **0.102**

    > The receive window to be advertised for the route, represented by
    > number of segments. Must be a positive integer value.

- **routing-policy** (mapping)

  > The `routing-policy` block defines extra routing policy for a network,
  > where traffic may be handled specially based on the source IP, firewall
  > marking, etc.
  >
  > For `from`, `to`, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are recognized, and
  > must be in the form `addr/prefixlen` or `addr`.

  - **from** (scalar)

    > Set a source IP address to match traffic for this policy rule.

  - **to** (scalar)

    > Match on traffic going to the specified destination.

  - **table** (scalar)

    > The table number to match for the route. In some scenarios, it may be
    > useful to set routes in a separate routing table. It may also be used
    > to refer to routes which also accept a `table` parameter.
    > Allowed values are positive integers starting from 1.
    > Some values are already in use to refer to specific routing tables:
    > see `/etc/iproute2/rt_tables`.

  - **priority** (scalar)

    > Specify a priority for the routing policy rule, to influence the order
    > in which routing rules are processed. A higher number means lower
    > priority: rules are processed in order by increasing priority number.

  - **mark** (scalar)

    > Have this routing policy rule match on traffic that has been marked
    > by the iptables firewall with this value. Allowed values are positive
    > integers starting from 1.

  - **type-of-service** (scalar)

    > Match this policy rule based on the type of service number applied to
    > the traffic.

## Authentication
Netplan supports advanced authentication settings for ethernet and wifi
interfaces, as well as individual wifi networks, by means of the `auth` block.

- **auth** (mapping)

  > Specifies authentication settings for a device of type `ethernets:`, or
  > an `access-points:` entry on a `wifis:` device.
  >
  > The `auth` block supports the following properties:

  - **key-management** (scalar)

    > The supported key management modes are `none` (no key management);
    > `psk` (WPA with pre-shared key, common for home wifi); `eap` (WPA
    > with EAP, common for enterprise wifi); and `802.1x` (used primarily
    > for wired Ethernet connections).

  - **password** (scalar)

    > The password string for EAP, or the pre-shared key for WPA-PSK.

    The following properties can be used if `key-management` is `eap`
    or `802.1x`:

  - **method** (scalar)

     > The EAP method to use. The supported EAP methods are `tls` (TLS),
    > `peap` (Protected EAP), and `ttls` (Tunneled TLS).

  - **identity** (scalar)

    > The identity to use for EAP.

  - **anonymous-identity** (scalar)

    > The identity to pass over the unencrypted channel if the chosen EAP
    > method supports passing a different tunnelled identity.

  - **ca-certificate** (scalar)

    > Path to a file with one or more trusted certificate authority (CA)
    > certificates.

  - **client-certificate** (scalar)

    > Path to a file containing the certificate to be used by the client
    > during authentication.

  - **client-key** (scalar)

    > Path to a file containing the private key corresponding to
    > `client-certificate`.

  - **client-key-password** (scalar)

    > Password to use to decrypt the private key specified in
    > `client-key` if it is encrypted.

  - **phase2-auth** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Phase 2 authentication mechanism.


## Properties for device type `ethernets:`
Ethernet device definitions, beyond common ones described above, also support
some additional properties that can be used for SR-IOV devices.

- **link** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > (SR-IOV devices only) The `link` property declares the device as a
  > Virtual Function of the selected Physical Function device, as identified
  > by the given netplan id.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    enp1: {...}
    enp1s16f1:
      link: enp1
  ```

- **virtual-function-count** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > (SR-IOV devices only) In certain special cases VFs might need to be
  > configured outside of netplan. For such configurations
  > `virtual-function-count` can be optionally used to set an explicit number of
  > Virtual Functions for the given Physical Function. If unset, the default is
  > to create only as many VFs as are defined in the netplan configuration. This
  > should be used for special cases only.
  >
  > **Requires feature: sriov**

- **embedded-switch-mode** (scalar) – since **0.104**

  > (SR-IOV devices only) Change the operational mode of the embedded switch
  > of a supported SmartNIC PCI device (e.g. Mellanox ConnectX-5). Possible
  > values are `switchdev` or `legacy`, if unspecified the vendor's
  > default configuration is used.
  >
  > **Requires feature: eswitch-mode**

- **delay-virtual-functions-rebind** (bool) – since **0.104**

  > (SR-IOV devices only) Delay rebinding of SR-IOV virtual functions to its
  > driver after changing the embedded-switch-mode setting to a later stage.
  > Can be enabled when bonding/VF LAG is in use. Defaults to `false`.
  >
  > **Requires feature: eswitch-mode**

- **infiniband-mode** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > (InfiniBand devices only) Change the operational mode of a IPoIB device.
  > Possible values are `datagram` or `connected`. If unspecified the
  > kernel's default configuration is used.
  >
  > **Requires feature: infiniband**

## Properties for device type `modems:`
GSM/CDMA modem configuration is only supported for the `NetworkManager`
backend. `systemd-networkd` does not support modems.

**Requires feature: modems**

- **apn** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Set the carrier APN (Access Point Name). This can be omitted if
  > `auto-config` is enabled.

- **auto-config** (bool) – since **0.99**

  > Specify whether to try and auto-configure the modem by doing a lookup of
  > the carrier against the Mobile Broadband Provider database. This may not
  > work for all carriers.

- **device-id** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the device ID (as given by the WWAN management service) of the
  > modem to match. This can be found using `mmcli`.

- **network-id** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the Network ID (GSM LAI format). If this is specified, the device
  > will not roam networks.

- **number** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > The number to dial to establish the connection to the mobile broadband
  > network. (Deprecated for GSM)

- **password** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the password used to authenticate with the carrier network. This
  > can be omitted if `auto-config` is enabled.

- **pin** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the SIM PIN to allow it to operate if a PIN is set.

- **sim-id** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the SIM unique identifier (as given by the WWAN management service)
  > which this connection applies to. If given, the connection will apply to
  > any device also allowed by `device-id` which contains a SIM card matching
  > the given identifier.

- **sim-operator-id** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the MCC/MNC string (such as "310260" or "21601") which identifies
  > the carrier that this connection should apply to. If given, the connection
  > will apply to any device also allowed by `device-id` and `sim-id`
  > which contains a SIM card provisioned by the given operator.

- **username** (scalar) – since **0.99**

  > Specify the username used to authenticate with the carrier network. This
  > can be omitted if `auto-config` is enabled.

## Properties for device type `wifis:`
Note that `systemd-networkd` does not natively support wifi, so you need
wpasupplicant installed if you let the `networkd` renderer handle wifi.

- **access-points** (mapping)

  > This provides pre-configured connections to NetworkManager. Note that
  > users can of course select other access points/SSIDs. The keys of the
  > mapping are the SSIDs, and the values are mappings with the following
  > supported properties:

  - **password** (scalar)

    > Enable WPA/WPA2 authentication and set the passphrase for it. If neither
    > this nor an `auth` block are given, the network is assumed to be
    > open. The setting
    > ```yaml
    > password: "S3kr1t"
    > ```
    > is equivalent to
    > ```yaml
    > auth:
    >   key-management: psk
    >   password: "S3kr1t"
    > ```

  - **mode** (scalar)

    > Possible access point modes are `infrastructure` (the default),
    > `ap` (create an access point to which other devices can connect),
    > and `adhoc` (peer to peer networks without a central access point).
    > `ap` is only supported with NetworkManager.

  - **bssid** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > If specified, directs the device to only associate with the given
    > access point.

  - **band** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Possible bands are `5GHz` (for 5GHz 802.11a) and `2.4GHz`
    > (for 2.4GHz 802.11), do not restrict the 802.11 frequency band of the
    > network if unset (the default).

  - **channel** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Wireless channel to use for the Wi-Fi connection. Because channel
    > numbers overlap between bands, this property takes effect only if
    > the `band` property is also set.

  - **hidden** (bool) – since **0.100**

    > Set to `true` to change the SSID scan technique for connecting to
    > hidden WiFi networks. Note this may have slower performance compared
    > to `false` (the default) when connecting to publicly broadcast
    > SSIDs.

- **wakeonwlan** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.99**

  > This enables WakeOnWLan on supported devices. Not all drivers support all
  > options. May be any combination of `any`, `disconnect`, `magic_pkt`,
  > `gtk_rekey_failure`, `eap_identity_req`, `four_way_handshake`,
  > `rfkill_release` or `tcp` (NetworkManager only). Or the exclusive
  > `default` flag (the default).

- **regulatory-domain** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > This can be used to define the radio's regulatory domain, to make use of
  > additional WiFi channels outside the "world domain". Takes an ISO /
  > IEC 3166 country code (like `GB`) or `00` to reset to the "world domain".
  > See [wireless-regdb](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sforshee/wireless-regdb.git/tree/db.txt)
  > for available values.
  >
  > **Requires dependency: iw**, if it is to be used outside the `networkd`
  > (wpa_supplicant) backend.

## Properties for device type `bridges:`

- **interfaces** (sequence of scalars)

  > All devices matching this ID list will be added to the bridge. This may
  > be an empty list, in which case the bridge will be brought online with
  > no member interfaces.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    switchports:
      match: {name: "enp2*"}
  [...]
  bridges:
    br0:
      interfaces: [switchports]
  ```

- **parameters** (mapping)

  > Customization parameters for special bridging options. Time intervals
  > may need to be expressed as a number of seconds or milliseconds: the
  > default value type is specified below. If necessary, time intervals can
  > be qualified using a time suffix (such as "s" for seconds, "ms" for
  > milliseconds) to allow for more control over its behavior.

  - **ageing-time**, **aging-time** (scalar)

    > Set the period of time to keep a MAC address in the forwarding
    > database after a packet is received. This maps to the AgeingTimeSec=
    > property when the networkd renderer is used. If no time suffix is
    > specified, the value will be interpreted as seconds.

  - **priority** (scalar)

    > Set the priority value for the bridge. This value should be a
    > number between `0` and `65535`. Lower values mean higher
    > priority. The bridge with the higher priority will be elected as
    > the root bridge.

  - **port-priority** (scalar)

    > Set the port priority to <priority>. The priority value is
    > a number between `0` and `63`. This metric is used in the
    > designated port and root port selection algorithms.

  - **forward-delay** (scalar)

    > Specify the period of time the bridge will remain in Listening and
    > Learning states before getting to the Forwarding state. This field
    > maps to the ForwardDelaySec= property for the networkd renderer.
    > If no time suffix is specified, the value will be interpreted as
    > seconds.

  - **hello-time** (scalar)

    > Specify the interval between two hello packets being sent out from
    > the root and designated bridges. Hello packets communicate
    > information about the network topology. When the networkd renderer
    > is used, this maps to the HelloTimeSec= property. If no time suffix
    > is specified, the value will be interpreted as seconds.

  - **max-age** (scalar)

    > Set the maximum age of a hello packet. If the last hello packet is
    > older than that value, the bridge will attempt to become the root
    > bridge. This maps to the MaxAgeSec= property when the networkd
    > renderer is used. If no time suffix is specified, the value will be
    > interpreted as seconds.

  - **path-cost** (scalar)

    > Set the cost of a path on the bridge. Faster interfaces should have
    > a lower cost. This allows a finer control on the network topology
    > so that the fastest paths are available whenever possible.

  - **stp** (bool)

    > Define whether the bridge should use Spanning Tree Protocol. The
    > default value is "true", which means that Spanning Tree should be
    > used.


## Properties for device type `bonds:`

- **interfaces** (sequence of scalars)

  > All devices matching this ID list will be added to the bond.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  ethernets:
    switchports:
      match: {name: "enp2*"}
  [...]
  bonds:
    bond0:
      interfaces: [switchports]
  ```

- **parameters** (mapping)

  > Customization parameters for special bonding options. Time intervals
  > may need to be expressed as a number of seconds or milliseconds: the
  > default value type is specified below. If necessary, time intervals can
  > be qualified using a time suffix (such as "s" for seconds, "ms" for
  > milliseconds) to allow for more control over its behavior.

  - **mode** (scalar)

    > Set the bonding mode used for the interfaces. The default is
    > `balance-rr` (round robin). Possible values are `balance-rr`,
    > `active-backup`, `balance-xor`, `broadcast`, `802.3ad`,
    > `balance-tlb`, and `balance-alb`.
    > For Open vSwitch `active-backup` and the additional modes
    > `balance-tcp` and `balance-slb` are supported.

  - **lacp-rate** (scalar)

    > Set the rate at which LACPDUs are transmitted. This is only useful
    > in 802.3ad mode. Possible values are `slow` (30 seconds, default),
    > and `fast` (every second).

  - **mii-monitor-interval** (scalar)

    > Specifies the interval for MII monitoring (verifying if an interface
    > of the bond has carrier). The default is `0`; which disables MII
    > monitoring. This is equivalent to the MIIMonitorSec= field for the
    > networkd backend. If no time suffix is specified, the value will be
    > interpreted as milliseconds.

  - **min-links** (scalar)

    > The minimum number of links up in a bond to consider the bond
    > interface to be up.

  - **transmit-hash-policy** (scalar)

    > Specifies the transmit hash policy for the selection of ports. This
    > is only useful in balance-xor, 802.3ad and balance-tlb modes.
    > Possible values are `layer2`, `layer3+4`, `layer2+3`,
    > `encap2+3`, and `encap3+4`.

  - **ad-select** (scalar)

    > Set the aggregation selection mode. Possible values are `stable`,
    > `bandwidth`, and `count`. This option is only used in 802.3ad
    > mode.

  - **all-members-active** (bool) – since **0.106**

    > If the bond should drop duplicate frames received on inactive ports,
    > set this option to `false`. If they should be delivered, set this
    > option to `true`. The default value is false, and is the desirable
    > behavior in most situations.
    >
    > Alias: **all-slaves-active**  <!--- wokeignore:rule=slave -->

  - **arp-interval** (scalar)

    > Set the interval value for how frequently ARP link monitoring should
    > happen. The default value is `0`, which disables ARP monitoring.
    > For the networkd backend, this maps to the ARPIntervalSec= property.
    > If no time suffix is specified, the value will be interpreted as
    > milliseconds.

  - **arp-ip-targets** (sequence of scalars)

    > IPs of other hosts on the link which should be sent ARP requests in
    > order to validate that a port is up. This option is only used when
    > `arp-interval` is set to a value other than `0`. At least one IP
    > address must be given for ARP link monitoring to function. Only IPv4
    > addresses are supported. You can specify up to 16 IP addresses. The
    > default value is an empty list.

  - **arp-validate** (scalar)

    > Configure how ARP replies are to be validated when using ARP link
    > monitoring. Possible values are `none`, `active`, `backup`,
    > and `all`.

  - **arp-all-targets** (scalar)

    > Specify whether to use any ARP IP target being up as sufficient for
    > a port to be considered up; or if all the targets must be up. This
    > is only used for `active-backup` mode when `arp-validate` is
    > enabled. Possible values are `any` and `all`.

  - **up-delay** (scalar)

    > Specify the delay before enabling a link once the link is physically
    > up. The default value is `0`. This maps to the UpDelaySec= property
    > for the networkd renderer. This option is only valid for the miimon
    > link monitor. If no time suffix is specified, the value will be
    > interpreted as milliseconds.

  - **down-delay** (scalar)

    > Specify the delay before disabling a link once the link has been
    > lost. The default value is `0`. This maps to the DownDelaySec=
    > property for the networkd renderer. This option is only valid for the
    > miimon link monitor. If no time suffix is specified, the value will
    > be interpreted as milliseconds.

  - **fail-over-mac-policy** (scalar)

    > Set whether to set all ports to the same MAC address when adding
    > them to the bond, or how else the system should handle MAC addresses.
    > The possible values are `none`, `active`, and `follow`.

  - **gratuitous-arp** (scalar)

    > Specify how many ARP packets to send after failover. Once a link is
    > up on a new port, a notification is sent and possibly repeated if
    > this value is set to a number greater than `1`. The default value
    > is `1` and valid values are between `1` and `255`. This only
    > affects `active-backup` mode.
    >
    > For historical reasons, the misspelling `gratuitious-arp` is also
    > accepted and has the same function.

  - **packets-per-member** (scalar) – since **0.106**

    > In `balance-rr` mode, specifies the number of packets to transmit
    > on a port before switching to the next. When this value is set to
    > `0`, ports are chosen at random. Allowable values are between
    > `0` and `65535`. The default value is `1`. This setting is
    > only used in `balance-rr` mode.
    >
    > Alias: **packets-per-slave** <!--- wokeignore:rule=slave -->

  - **primary-reselect-policy** (scalar)

    > Set the reselection policy for the primary port. On failure of the
    > active port, the system will use this policy to decide how the new
    > active port will be chosen and how recovery will be handled. The
    > possible values are `always`, `better`, and `failure`.

  - **resend-igmp** (scalar)

    > In modes `balance-rr`, `active-backup`, `balance-tlb` and
    > `balance-alb`, a failover can switch IGMP traffic from one
    > port to another.
    >
    > This parameter specifies how many IGMP membership reports
    > are issued on a failover event. Values range from 0 to 255. 0
    > disables sending membership reports. Otherwise, the first
    > membership report is sent on failover and subsequent reports
    > are sent at 200ms intervals.

  - **learn-packet-interval** (scalar)

    > Specify the interval between sending learning packets to
    > each port.  The value range is between `1` and `0x7fffffff`.
    > The default value is `1`. This option only affects `balance-tlb`
    > and `balance-alb` modes. Using the networkd renderer, this field
    > maps to the LearnPacketIntervalSec= property. If no time suffix is
    > specified, the value will be interpreted as seconds.

  - **primary** (scalar)

    > Specify a device to be used as a primary port, or preferred device
    > to use as a port for the bond (i.e. the preferred device to send
    > data through), whenever it is available. This only affects
    > `active-backup`, `balance-alb`, and `balance-tlb` modes.


## Properties for device type `tunnels:`

Tunnels allow traffic to pass as if it was between systems on the same local
network, although systems may be far from each other but reachable via the
Internet. They may be used to support IPv6 traffic on a network where the ISP
does not provide the service, or to extend and "connect" separate local
networks. Please see <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunneling_protocol> for
more general information about tunnels.

- **mode** (scalar)

  > Defines the tunnel mode. Valid options are `sit`, `gre`, `ip6gre`,
  > `ipip`, `ipip6`, `ip6ip6`, `vti`, `vti6`, `wireguard` and `vxlan`.
  > Additionally, the `networkd` backend also supports `gretap` and
  > `ip6gretap` modes.
  > In addition, the `NetworkManager` backend supports `isatap` tunnels.

- **local** (scalar)

  > Defines the address of the local endpoint of the tunnel. (For VXLAN) This
  > should match one of the parent's IP addresses or make use of the networkd
  > special values.


- **remote** (scalar)

  > Defines the address of the remote endpoint of the tunnel or multicast group
  > IP address for VXLAN.

- **ttl** (scalar) – since **0.103**

  > Defines the Time To Live (TTL) of the tunnel.
  > Takes a number in the range `1..255`.

- **key**  (scalar or mapping)

  > Define keys to use for the tunnel. The key can be a number or a dotted
  > quad (an IPv4 address). For `wireguard` it can be a base64-encoded
  > private key or (as of `networkd` v242+) an absolute path to a file,
  > containing the private key (since 0.100).
  > It is used for identification of IP transforms. This is only required
  > for `vti` and `vti6` when using the networkd backend.
  >
  > This field may be used as a scalar (meaning that a single key is
  > specified and to be used for input, output and private key), or as a
  > mapping, where you can further specify `input`/`output`/`private`.

  - **input** (scalar)

    > The input key for the tunnel

  - **output** (scalar)

    > The output key for the tunnel

  - **private** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > A base64-encoded private key required for WireGuard tunnels. When the
    > `systemd-networkd` backend (v242+) is used, this can also be an
    > absolute path to a file containing the private key.

- **keys** (scalar or mapping)

  > Alternate name for the `key` field. See above.

  Examples:

  ```yaml
  tunnels:
    tun0:
      mode: gre
      local: ...
      remote: ...
      keys:
        input: 1234
        output: 5678
  ```
  ```yaml
  tunnels:
    tun0:
      mode: vti6
      local: ...
      remote: ...
      key: 59568549
  ```
  ```yaml
  tunnels:
    wg0:
      mode: wireguard
      addresses: [...]
      peers:
        - keys:
            public: rlbInAj0qV69CysWPQY7KEBnKxpYCpaWqOs/dLevdWc=
            shared: /path/to/shared.key
          ...
      key: mNb7OIIXTdgW4khM7OFlzJ+UPs7lmcWHV7xjPgakMkQ=
  ```
  ```yaml
  tunnels:
    wg0:
      mode: wireguard
      addresses: [...]
      peers:
        - keys:
            public: rlbInAj0qV69CysWPQY7KEBnKxpYCpaWqOs/dLevdWc=
          ...
      keys:
        private: /path/to/priv.key
  ```


WireGuard specific keys:

- **mark** (scalar) – since **0.100**

  > Firewall mark for outgoing WireGuard packets from this interface,
  > optional.

- **port** (scalar) – since **0.100**

  > UDP port to listen at or `auto`. Optional, defaults to `auto`.

- **peers** (sequence of mappings) – since **0.100**

  > A list of peers, each having keys documented below.

  Example:

  ```yaml
  tunnels:
    wg0:
      mode: wireguard
      key: /path/to/private.key
      mark: 42
      port: 5182
      peers:
        - keys:
            public: rlbInAj0qV69CysWPQY7KEBnKxpYCpaWqOs/dLevdWc=
          allowed-ips: [0.0.0.0/0, "2001:fe:ad:de:ad:be:ef:1/24"]
          keepalive: 23
          endpoint: 1.2.3.4:5
        - keys:
            public: M9nt4YujIOmNrRmpIRTmYSfMdrpvE7u6WkG8FY8WjG4=
            shared: /some/shared.key
          allowed-ips: [10.10.10.20/24]
          keepalive: 22
          endpoint: 5.4.3.2:1
  ```

  - **endpoint** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > Remote endpoint IPv4/IPv6 address or a hostname, followed by a colon
    > and a port number.

  - **allowed-ips** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.100**

    > A list of IP (v4 or v6) addresses with CIDR masks from which this peer
    > is allowed to send incoming traffic and to which outgoing traffic for
    > this peer is directed. The catch-all 0.0.0.0/0 may be specified for
    > matching all IPv4 addresses, and ::/0 may be specified for matching
    > all IPv6 addresses.

  - **keepalive** (scalar) – since **0.100**

    > An interval in seconds, between 1 and 65535 inclusive, of how often to
    > send an authenticated empty packet to the peer for the purpose of
    > keeping a stateful firewall or NAT mapping valid persistently. Optional.

  - **keys** (mapping) – since **0.100**

    > Define keys to use for the WireGuard peers.
    >
    > This field can be used as a mapping, where you can further specify the
    > `public` and `shared` keys.

    - **public** (scalar) – since **0.100**

      > A base64-encoded public key, required for WireGuard peers.

    - **shared** (scalar) – since **0.100**

      > A base64-encoded preshared key. Optional for WireGuard peers.
      > When the `systemd-networkd` backend (v242+) is used, this can
      > also be an absolute path to a file containing the preshared key.

VXLAN specific keys:

- **id** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > The VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI or VXLAN Segment ID).
  > Takes a number in the range `1..16777215`.

- **link** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > netplan ID of the parent device definition to which this VXLAN gets
  > connected.

- **type-of-service** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan interface.

- **mac-learning** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Takes a boolean. When `true`, enables dynamic MAC learning to discover
  > remote MAC addresses.

- **ageing**, **aging** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > The lifetime of Forwarding Database entry learned by the kernel, in
  > seconds.

- **limit** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Configures maximum number of FDB entries.

- **arp-proxy** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Takes a boolean. When `true`, bridge-connected VXLAN tunnel endpoint
  > answers ARP requests from the local bridge on behalf of remote Distributed
  > Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE) clients. Defaults to `false`.

- **notifications** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.105**

  > Takes the flags `l2-miss` and `l3-miss` to enable netlink LLADDR and/or
  > netlink IP address miss notifications.

- **short-circuit** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Takes a boolean. When `true`, route short circuiting is turned on.

- **checksums** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.105**

  > Takes the flags `udp`, `zero-udp6-tx`, `zero-udp6-rx`, `remote-tx` and
  > `remote-rx` to enable transmitting UDP checksums in VXLAN/IPv4,
  > send/receive zero checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 and enable sending/receiving
  > checksum offloading in VXLAN.

- **extensions** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.105**

  > Takes the flags `group-policy` and `generic-protocol` to enable the "Group
  > Policy" and/or "Generic Protocol" VXLAN extensions.

- **port** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Configures the default destination UDP port. If the destination port is
  > not specified then Linux kernel default will be used. Set to `4789` to get
  > the IANA assigned value.

- **port-range** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.105**

  > Configures the source port range for the VXLAN. The kernel assigns the
  > source UDP port based on the flow to help the receiver to do load
  > balancing. When this option is not set, the normal range of local UDP
  > ports is used. Uses the form `[LOWER, UPPER]`.

- **flow-label** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets. The valid range
  > is `0-1048575`.

- **do-not-fragment** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > Allows setting the IPv4 Do not Fragment (DF) bit in outgoing packets.
  > Takes a boolean value. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.

## Properties for device type `vlans:`

- **id** (scalar)

  > VLAN ID, a number between `0` and `4094`.

- **link** (scalar)

  > netplan ID of the underlying device definition on which this VLAN gets
  > created.

Example:

```yaml
ethernets:
  eno1: {...}
vlans:
  en-intra:
    id: 1
    link: eno1
    dhcp4: yes
  en-vpn:
    id: 2
    link: eno1
    addresses: [...]
```

## Properties for device type `vrfs:`

- **table** (scalar) – since **0.105**

  > The numeric routing table identifier. This setting is compulsory.

- **interfaces** (sequence of scalars) – since **0.105**

  > All devices matching this ID list will be added to the vrf. This may
  > be an empty list, in which case the vrf will be brought online with
  > no member interfaces.

- **routes** (sequence of mappings) – since **0.105**

  > Configure static routing for the device; see the `Routing` section.
  > The `table` value is implicitly set to the VRF's `table`.

- **routing-policy** (sequence of mappings) – since **0.105**

  > Configure policy routing for the device; see the ``Routing`` section.
  > The `table` value is implicitly set to the VRF's `table`.

Example:

```yaml
vrfs:
  vrf20:
    table: 20
    interfaces: [ br0 ]
    routes:
      - to: default
        via: 10.10.10.3
    routing-policy:
      - from: 10.10.10.42
  [...]
  bridges:
    br0:
      interfaces: []
```

## Properties for device type `nm-devices:`

The `nm-devices` device type is for internal use only and should not be used in
normal configuration files. It enables a fallback mode for unsupported settings,
using the `passthrough` mapping.


## Backend-specific configuration parameters

In addition to the other fields available to configure interfaces, some
backends may require to record some of their own parameters in netplan,
especially if the netplan definitions are generated automatically by the
consumer of that backend. Currently, this is only used with `NetworkManager`.

- **networkmanager** (mapping) – since **0.99**

  > Keeps the NetworkManager-specific configuration parameters used by the
  > daemon to recognize connections.

  - **name** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Set the display name for the connection.

  - **uuid** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Defines the UUID (unique identifier) for this connection, as
    > generated by NetworkManager itself.

  - **stable-id** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Defines the stable ID (a different form of a connection name) used
    > by NetworkManager in case the name of the connection might otherwise
    > change, such as when sharing connections between users.

  - **device** (scalar) – since **0.99**

    > Defines the interface name for which this connection applies.

  - **passthrough** (mapping) – since **0.102**

    > Can be used as a fallback mechanism to missing keyfile settings.

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