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<head><title>The standard libraries</title>
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<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.10 </span> <a
id="x42-740006.10"></a>The standard libraries</h3>
<!--l. 965--><p class="noindent" ><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">nip2 </span>comes with a lot of little utility functions. The functions
for list processing are listed in Table <a
href="#x39-710013">6.3<!--tex4ht:ref: tb:list --></a>. There are a huge
number more, too many to really list here. Table <a
href="#x42-740014">6.4<!--tex4ht:ref: tb:toolkits --></a> lists all
the utility toolkits with some hints about the kinds of
function they contain. Read the (heavily commented)
toolkits for details.
<!--l. 972--><p class="indent" > <a
id="x42-740014"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float"
>
<div class="center"
>
<!--l. 972--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-6" class="tabular"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
><colgroup id="TBL-6-1g"><col
id="TBL-6-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-6-2g"><col
id="TBL-6-2"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-6-3g"><col
id="TBL-6-3"></colgroup><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-1-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-1-1"
class="td11">Toolkit </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-1-2"
class="td11">Contains </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-1-3"
class="td11">Description </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-2-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-2-1"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_convert </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-2-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">parse</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_int l</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-2-3"
class="td11">convert ascii text to numbers </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-3-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-3-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-3-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">to</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_matrix x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-3-3"
class="td11">convert anything into a matrix </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-4-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-4-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-4-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">colour</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_transform</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_to to x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-4-3"
class="td11">convert between colour spaces </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-5-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-5-1"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_generate </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-5-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">image</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_new w h ... </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-5-3"
class="td11">make a blank image </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-6-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-6-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-6-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">image</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_white i </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-6-3"
class="td11">look at image <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">i</span>, try to guess what white is </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-7-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-7-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-7-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">make</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_xy w h </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-7-3"
class="td11">make an image of size <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">w </span>by <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">h </span>whose pixel value are</td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-8-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-8-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-8-2"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-8-3"
class="td11">their coordinates </td></tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-9-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-9-1"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_types </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-9-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">Image i </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-9-3"
class="td11">all the standard classes and support functions,</td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-10-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-10-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-10-2"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-10-3"
class="td11">see <span
class="cmsy-10"></span><a
href="nipguidese34.html#x45-860006.13">6.13<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:object --></a> </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-11-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-11-1"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_predicate</span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-11-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">is</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_colour</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_space i </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-11-3"
class="td11">test for objects are in various categories or have </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-12-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-12-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-12-2"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-12-3"
class="td11">various properties </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-13-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-13-1"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_stdenv </span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-13-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">logical</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_and x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-13-3"
class="td11">function versions of all the operators </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-14-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-14-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-14-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">bandsplit i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-14-3"
class="td11">break up and recombine images by band </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-15-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-15-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-15-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">mean x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-15-3"
class="td11">statistical ops on objects </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-16-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-16-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-16-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">transpose x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">flipud x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">rot90 x</span>, …</td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-16-3"
class="td11">flips, rotates, etc. on objects </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-17-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-17-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-17-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">rad x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">pi</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-17-3"
class="td11">trigonometry stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-18-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-18-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-18-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">sign x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">conj x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">polar x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-18-3"
class="td11">complex stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-19-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-19-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-19-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">rint x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">ceil x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-19-3"
class="td11">various rounding things </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-20-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-20-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-20-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">fwfft x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-20-3"
class="td11">fourier stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-21-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-21-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-21-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">dilate m x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">rank w h n i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-21-3"
class="td11">morphology stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-22-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-22-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-22-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">conv m x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-22-3"
class="td11">convolution stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-23-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-23-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-23-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">image</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_set</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_type t i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-23-3"
class="td11">set various image header field </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-24-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-24-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-24-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">resize x y i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-24-3"
class="td11">resampling images </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-25-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-25-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-25-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">recomb m i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-25-3"
class="td11">recombinations </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-26-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-26-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-26-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">clip2fmt f i</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-26-3"
class="td11">format conversions </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-27-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-27-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-27-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">hist</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_find m x</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-27-3"
class="td11">histogram stuff </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-28-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-28-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-28-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">id x</span>, <span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">const x y</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-28-3"
class="td11">various useful operations on functions </td>
</tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-29-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-29-1"
class="td11"> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-29-2"
class="td11"><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">map</span><span
class="phvr7t-x-x-80">_binary fn x y</span>, … </td><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-29-3"
class="td11">mapping over groups </td>
</tr><tr
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr
style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-6-30-"><td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-6-30-1"
class="td11"> </td></tr></table></div></div>
<br /><div class="caption"
><span class="id">Table 6.4: </span><span
class="content">Useful utility functions — see the source for details</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x42-740014 -->
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