1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="nodejs.org:node-version" content="v22.14.0">
<title>Permissions | Node.js v22.14.0 Documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic&display=fallback">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/hljs.css">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://nodejs.org/api/permissions.html">
<script async defer src="assets/api.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>
const storedTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
// Follow operating system theme preference
if (storedTheme === null && window.matchMedia) {
const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
if (mq.matches) {
document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode');
}
} else if (storedTheme === 'dark') {
document.documentElement.classList.add('dark-mode');
}
</script>
</head>
<body class="alt apidoc" id="api-section-permissions">
<a href="#apicontent" class="skip-to-content">Skip to content</a>
<div id="content" class="clearfix">
<div role="navigation" id="column2" class="interior">
<div id="intro" class="interior">
<a href="/" title="Go back to the home page">
Node.js
</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li>
<li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ addons</a></li>
<li><a href="n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ addons with Node-API</a></li>
<li><a href="embedding.html" class="nav-embedding">C++ embedder API</a></li>
<li><a href="child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child processes</a></li>
<li><a href="cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command-line options</a></li>
<li><a href="console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="corepack.html" class="nav-corepack">Corepack</a></li>
<li><a href="crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li>
<li><a href="debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li>
<li><a href="deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li>
<li><a href="diagnostics_channel.html" class="nav-diagnostics_channel">Diagnostics Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li>
<li><a href="errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li>
<li><a href="events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="fs.html" class="nav-fs">File system</a></li>
<li><a href="globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li>
<li><a href="http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li>
<li><a href="http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li>
<li><a href="https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li>
<li><a href="intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules: CommonJS modules</a></li>
<li><a href="esm.html" class="nav-esm">Modules: ECMAScript modules</a></li>
<li><a href="module.html" class="nav-module">Modules: <code>node:module</code> API</a></li>
<li><a href="packages.html" class="nav-packages">Modules: Packages</a></li>
<li><a href="typescript.html" class="nav-typescript">Modules: TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li>
<li><a href="os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li>
<li><a href="path.html" class="nav-path">Path</a></li>
<li><a href="perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="permissions.html" class="nav-permissions active">Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li>
<li><a href="punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li>
<li><a href="querystring.html" class="nav-querystring">Query strings</a></li>
<li><a href="readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li>
<li><a href="repl.html" class="nav-repl">REPL</a></li>
<li><a href="report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li>
<li><a href="single-executable-applications.html" class="nav-single-executable-applications">Single executable applications</a></li>
<li><a href="sqlite.html" class="nav-sqlite">SQLite</a></li>
<li><a href="stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li>
<li><a href="string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String decoder</a></li>
<li><a href="test.html" class="nav-test">Test runner</a></li>
<li><a href="timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li>
<li><a href="tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace events</a></li>
<li><a href="tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li>
<li><a href="dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/datagram</a></li>
<li><a href="url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li>
<li><a href="util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li>
<li><a href="vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li>
<li><a href="wasi.html" class="nav-wasi">WASI</a></li>
<li><a href="webcrypto.html" class="nav-webcrypto">Web Crypto API</a></li>
<li><a href="webstreams.html" class="nav-webstreams">Web Streams API</a></li>
<li><a href="worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker threads</a></li>
<li><a href="zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="column1" data-id="permissions" class="interior">
<header class="header">
<div class="header-container">
<h1>Node.js v22.14.0 documentation</h1>
<button class="theme-toggle-btn" id="theme-toggle-btn" title="Toggle dark mode/light mode" aria-label="Toggle dark mode/light mode" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" height="24" width="24">
<path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" />
<path d="M11.1 12.08c-2.33-4.51-.5-8.48.53-10.07C6.27 2.2 1.98 6.59 1.98 12c0 .14.02.28.02.42.62-.27 1.29-.42 2-.42 1.66 0 3.18.83 4.1 2.15A4.01 4.01 0 0111 18c0 1.52-.87 2.83-2.12 3.51.98.32 2.03.5 3.11.5 3.5 0 6.58-1.8 8.37-4.52-2.36.23-6.98-.97-9.26-5.41z"/>
<path d="M7 16h-.18C6.4 14.84 5.3 14 4 14c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3h3c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2s-.9-2-2-2z"/>
</svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon" height="24" width="24">
<path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" />
<path d="M6.76 4.84l-1.8-1.79-1.41 1.41 1.79 1.79 1.42-1.41zM4 10.5H1v2h3v-2zm9-9.95h-2V3.5h2V.55zm7.45 3.91l-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.79 1.41 1.41 1.79-1.79zm-3.21 13.7l1.79 1.8 1.41-1.41-1.8-1.79-1.4 1.4zM20 10.5v2h3v-2h-3zm-8-5c-3.31 0-6 2.69-6 6s2.69 6 6 6 6-2.69 6-6-2.69-6-6-6zm-1 16.95h2V19.5h-2v2.95zm-7.45-3.91l1.41 1.41 1.79-1.8-1.41-1.41-1.79 1.8z"/>
</svg>
</button>
</div>
<div id="gtoc">
<ul>
<li class="pinned-header">Node.js v22.14.0</li>
<li class="picker-header">
<a href="#toc-picker" aria-controls="toc-picker">
<span class="picker-arrow"></span>
Table of contents
</a>
<div class="picker" tabindex="-1"><div class="toc"><ul id="toc-picker">
<li><a href="#permissions">Permissions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#process-based-permissions">Process-based permissions</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#permission-model">Permission Model</a></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="#runtime-api">Runtime API</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#permissionhasscope-reference"><code>permission.has(scope[, reference])</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#file-system-permissions">File System Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-the-permission-model-with-npx">Using the Permission Model with <code>npx</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#permission-model-constraints">Permission Model constraints</a></li>
<li><a href="#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div></div>
</li>
<li class="picker-header">
<a href="#gtoc-picker" aria-controls="gtoc-picker">
<span class="picker-arrow"></span>
Index
</a>
<div class="picker" tabindex="-1" id="gtoc-picker"><ul>
<li><a href="documentation.html" class="nav-documentation">About this documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="synopsis.html" class="nav-synopsis">Usage and example</a></li>
<li>
<a href="index.html">Index</a>
</li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="assert.html" class="nav-assert">Assertion testing</a></li>
<li><a href="async_context.html" class="nav-async_context">Asynchronous context tracking</a></li>
<li><a href="async_hooks.html" class="nav-async_hooks">Async hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="buffer.html" class="nav-buffer">Buffer</a></li>
<li><a href="addons.html" class="nav-addons">C++ addons</a></li>
<li><a href="n-api.html" class="nav-n-api">C/C++ addons with Node-API</a></li>
<li><a href="embedding.html" class="nav-embedding">C++ embedder API</a></li>
<li><a href="child_process.html" class="nav-child_process">Child processes</a></li>
<li><a href="cluster.html" class="nav-cluster">Cluster</a></li>
<li><a href="cli.html" class="nav-cli">Command-line options</a></li>
<li><a href="console.html" class="nav-console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="corepack.html" class="nav-corepack">Corepack</a></li>
<li><a href="crypto.html" class="nav-crypto">Crypto</a></li>
<li><a href="debugger.html" class="nav-debugger">Debugger</a></li>
<li><a href="deprecations.html" class="nav-deprecations">Deprecated APIs</a></li>
<li><a href="diagnostics_channel.html" class="nav-diagnostics_channel">Diagnostics Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="dns.html" class="nav-dns">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="domain.html" class="nav-domain">Domain</a></li>
<li><a href="errors.html" class="nav-errors">Errors</a></li>
<li><a href="events.html" class="nav-events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="fs.html" class="nav-fs">File system</a></li>
<li><a href="globals.html" class="nav-globals">Globals</a></li>
<li><a href="http.html" class="nav-http">HTTP</a></li>
<li><a href="http2.html" class="nav-http2">HTTP/2</a></li>
<li><a href="https.html" class="nav-https">HTTPS</a></li>
<li><a href="inspector.html" class="nav-inspector">Inspector</a></li>
<li><a href="intl.html" class="nav-intl">Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="modules.html" class="nav-modules">Modules: CommonJS modules</a></li>
<li><a href="esm.html" class="nav-esm">Modules: ECMAScript modules</a></li>
<li><a href="module.html" class="nav-module">Modules: <code>node:module</code> API</a></li>
<li><a href="packages.html" class="nav-packages">Modules: Packages</a></li>
<li><a href="typescript.html" class="nav-typescript">Modules: TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="net.html" class="nav-net">Net</a></li>
<li><a href="os.html" class="nav-os">OS</a></li>
<li><a href="path.html" class="nav-path">Path</a></li>
<li><a href="perf_hooks.html" class="nav-perf_hooks">Performance hooks</a></li>
<li><a href="permissions.html" class="nav-permissions active">Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="process.html" class="nav-process">Process</a></li>
<li><a href="punycode.html" class="nav-punycode">Punycode</a></li>
<li><a href="querystring.html" class="nav-querystring">Query strings</a></li>
<li><a href="readline.html" class="nav-readline">Readline</a></li>
<li><a href="repl.html" class="nav-repl">REPL</a></li>
<li><a href="report.html" class="nav-report">Report</a></li>
<li><a href="single-executable-applications.html" class="nav-single-executable-applications">Single executable applications</a></li>
<li><a href="sqlite.html" class="nav-sqlite">SQLite</a></li>
<li><a href="stream.html" class="nav-stream">Stream</a></li>
<li><a href="string_decoder.html" class="nav-string_decoder">String decoder</a></li>
<li><a href="test.html" class="nav-test">Test runner</a></li>
<li><a href="timers.html" class="nav-timers">Timers</a></li>
<li><a href="tls.html" class="nav-tls">TLS/SSL</a></li>
<li><a href="tracing.html" class="nav-tracing">Trace events</a></li>
<li><a href="tty.html" class="nav-tty">TTY</a></li>
<li><a href="dgram.html" class="nav-dgram">UDP/datagram</a></li>
<li><a href="url.html" class="nav-url">URL</a></li>
<li><a href="util.html" class="nav-util">Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="v8.html" class="nav-v8">V8</a></li>
<li><a href="vm.html" class="nav-vm">VM</a></li>
<li><a href="wasi.html" class="nav-wasi">WASI</a></li>
<li><a href="webcrypto.html" class="nav-webcrypto">Web Crypto API</a></li>
<li><a href="webstreams.html" class="nav-webstreams">Web Streams API</a></li>
<li><a href="worker_threads.html" class="nav-worker_threads">Worker threads</a></li>
<li><a href="zlib.html" class="nav-zlib">Zlib</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="line">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node" class="nav-https-github-com-nodejs-node">Code repository and issue tracker</a></li>
</ul></div>
</li>
<li class="picker-header">
<a href="#alt-docs" aria-controls="alt-docs">
<span class="picker-arrow"></span>
Other versions
</a>
<div class="picker" tabindex="-1"><ol id="alt-docs"><li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v23.x/api/permissions.html">23.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/permissions.html">22.x <b>LTS</b></a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v21.x/api/permissions.html">21.x</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v20.x/api/permissions.html">20.x <b>LTS</b></a></li></ol></div>
</li>
<li class="picker-header">
<a href="#options-picker" aria-controls="options-picker">
<span class="picker-arrow"></span>
Options
</a>
<div class="picker" tabindex="-1">
<ul id="options-picker">
<li>
<a href="all.html">View on single page</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="permissions.json">View as JSON</a>
</li>
<li class="edit_on_github"><a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/edit/main/doc/api/permissions.md">Edit on GitHub</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr>
</header>
<details role="navigation" id="toc" open><summary>Table of contents</summary><ul>
<li><a href="#permissions">Permissions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#process-based-permissions">Process-based permissions</a>
<ul>
<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#permission-model">Permission Model</a></span>
<ul>
<li><a href="#runtime-api">Runtime API</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#permissionhasscope-reference"><code>permission.has(scope[, reference])</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#file-system-permissions">File System Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-the-permission-model-with-npx">Using the Permission Model with <code>npx</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#permission-model-constraints">Permission Model constraints</a></li>
<li><a href="#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></details>
<div role="main" id="apicontent">
<h2>Permissions<span><a class="mark" href="#permissions" id="permissions">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_permissions"></a></h2>
<p><strong>Source Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.14.0/src/permission.cc">src/permission.cc</a></p>
<p>Permissions can be used to control what system resources the
Node.js process has access to or what actions the process can take
with those resources.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#process-based-permissions">Process-based permissions</a> control the Node.js
process's access to resources.
The resource can be entirely allowed or denied, or actions related to it can
be controlled. For example, file system reads can be allowed while denying
writes.
This feature does not protect against malicious code. According to the Node.js
<a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/SECURITY.md">Security Policy</a>, Node.js trusts any code it is asked to run.</li>
</ul>
<p>The permission model implements a "seat belt" approach, which prevents trusted
code from unintentionally changing files or using resources that access has
not explicitly been granted to. It does not provide security guarantees in the
presence of malicious code. Malicious code can bypass the permission model and
execute arbitrary code without the restrictions imposed by the permission
model.</p>
<p>If you find a potential security vulnerability, please refer to our
<a href="https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/SECURITY.md">Security Policy</a>.</p>
<section><h3>Process-based permissions<span><a class="mark" href="#process-based-permissions" id="process-based-permissions">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_process_based_permissions"></a></h3>
<h4>Permission Model<span><a class="mark" href="#permission-model" id="permission-model">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_permission_model"></a></h4>
<div class="api_metadata">
<details class="changelog"><summary>History</summary>
<table>
<tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Changes</th></tr>
<tr><td>v22.13.0</td>
<td><p>This feature is no longer experimental.</p></td></tr>
<tr><td>v20.0.0</td>
<td><p><span>Added in: v20.0.0</span></p></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</details>
</div>
<p></p><div class="api_stability api_stability_2"><a href="documentation.html#stability-index">Stability: 2</a> - Stable.</div><p></p>
<p>The Node.js Permission Model is a mechanism for restricting access to specific
resources during execution.
The API exists behind a flag <a href="cli.html#--permission"><code>--permission</code></a> which when enabled,
will restrict access to all available permissions.</p>
<p>The available permissions are documented by the <a href="cli.html#--permission"><code>--permission</code></a>
flag.</p>
<p>When starting Node.js with <code>--permission</code>,
the ability to access the file system through the <code>fs</code> module, spawn processes,
use <code>node:worker_threads</code>, use native addons, use WASI, and enable the runtime inspector
will be restricted.</p>
<pre><code class="language-console"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">node --permission index.js</span>
Error: Access to this API has been restricted
at node:internal/main/run_main_module:23:47 {
code: 'ERR_ACCESS_DENIED',
permission: 'FileSystemRead',
resource: '/home/user/index.js'
}</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>Allowing access to spawning a process and creating worker threads can be done
using the <a href="cli.html#--allow-child-process"><code>--allow-child-process</code></a> and <a href="cli.html#--allow-worker"><code>--allow-worker</code></a> respectively.</p>
<p>To allow native addons when using permission model, use the <a href="cli.html#--allow-addons"><code>--allow-addons</code></a>
flag. For WASI, use the <a href="cli.html#--allow-wasi"><code>--allow-wasi</code></a> flag.</p>
<h5>Runtime API<span><a class="mark" href="#runtime-api" id="runtime-api">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_runtime_api"></a></h5>
<p>When enabling the Permission Model through the <a href="cli.html#--permission"><code>--permission</code></a>
flag a new property <code>permission</code> is added to the <code>process</code> object.
This property contains one function:</p>
<h6><code>permission.has(scope[, reference])</code><span><a class="mark" href="#permissionhasscope-reference" id="permissionhasscope-reference">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_permission_has_scope_reference"></a></h6>
<p>API call to check permissions at runtime (<a href="process.html#processpermissionhasscope-reference"><code>permission.has()</code></a>)</p>
<pre><code class="language-js">process.<span class="hljs-property">permission</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">has</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs.write'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
process.<span class="hljs-property">permission</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">has</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs.write'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/home/rafaelgss/protected-folder'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
process.<span class="hljs-property">permission</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">has</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs.read'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// true</span>
process.<span class="hljs-property">permission</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">has</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'fs.read'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'/home/rafaelgss/protected-folder'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// false</span></code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<h5>File System Permissions<span><a class="mark" href="#file-system-permissions" id="file-system-permissions">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_file_system_permissions"></a></h5>
<p>The Permission Model, by default, restricts access to the file system through the <code>node:fs</code> module.
It does not guarantee that users will not be able to access the file system through other means,
such as through the <code>node:sqlite</code> module.</p>
<p>To allow access to the file system, use the <a href="cli.html#--allow-fs-read"><code>--allow-fs-read</code></a> and
<a href="cli.html#--allow-fs-write"><code>--allow-fs-write</code></a> flags:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console"><span class="hljs-meta prompt_">$ </span><span class="language-bash">node --permission --allow-fs-read=* --allow-fs-write=* index.js</span>
Hello world!</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>The valid arguments for both flags are:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>*</code> - To allow all <code>FileSystemRead</code> or <code>FileSystemWrite</code> operations,
respectively.</li>
<li>Paths delimited by comma (<code>,</code>) to allow only matching <code>FileSystemRead</code> or
<code>FileSystemWrite</code> operations, respectively.</li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>--allow-fs-read=*</code> - It will allow all <code>FileSystemRead</code> operations.</li>
<li><code>--allow-fs-write=*</code> - It will allow all <code>FileSystemWrite</code> operations.</li>
<li><code>--allow-fs-write=/tmp/</code> - It will allow <code>FileSystemWrite</code> access to the <code>/tmp/</code>
folder.</li>
<li><code>--allow-fs-read=/tmp/ --allow-fs-read=/home/.gitignore</code> - It allows <code>FileSystemRead</code> access
to the <code>/tmp/</code> folder <strong>and</strong> the <code>/home/.gitignore</code> path.</li>
</ul>
<p>Wildcards are supported too:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>--allow-fs-read=/home/test*</code> will allow read access to everything
that matches the wildcard. e.g: <code>/home/test/file1</code> or <code>/home/test2</code></li>
</ul>
<p>After passing a wildcard character (<code>*</code>) all subsequent characters will
be ignored. For example: <code>/home/*.js</code> will work similar to <code>/home/*</code>.</p>
<p>When the permission model is initialized, it will automatically add a wildcard
(*) if the specified directory exists. For example, if <code>/home/test/files</code>
exists, it will be treated as <code>/home/test/files/*</code>. However, if the directory
does not exist, the wildcard will not be added, and access will be limited to
<code>/home/test/files</code>. If you want to allow access to a folder that does not exist
yet, make sure to explicitly include the wildcard:
<code>/my-path/folder-do-not-exist/*</code>.</p>
<h5>Using the Permission Model with <code>npx</code><span><a class="mark" href="#using-the-permission-model-with-npx" id="using-the-permission-model-with-npx">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_using_the_permission_model_with_npx"></a></h5>
<p>If you're using <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/commands/npx"><code>npx</code></a> to execute a Node.js script, you can enable the
Permission Model by passing the <code>--node-options</code> flag. For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npx --node-options=<span class="hljs-string">"--permission"</span> package-name</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
<p>This sets the <code>NODE_OPTIONS</code> environment variable for all Node.js processes
spawned by <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/commands/npx"><code>npx</code></a>, without affecting the <code>npx</code> process itself.</p>
<p><strong>FileSystemRead Error with <code>npx</code></strong></p>
<p>The above command will likely throw a <code>FileSystemRead</code> invalid access error
because Node.js requires file system read access to locate and execute the
package. To avoid this:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Using a Globally Installed Package</strong>
Grant read access to the global <code>node_modules</code> directory by running:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npx --node-options=<span class="hljs-string">"--permission --allow-fs-read=<span class="hljs-subst">$(npm prefix -g)</span>"</span> package-name</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Using the <code>npx</code> Cache</strong>
If you are installing the package temporarily or relying on the <code>npx</code> cache,
grant read access to the npm cache directory:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npx --node-options=<span class="hljs-string">"--permission --allow-fs-read=<span class="hljs-subst">$(npm config get cache)</span>"</span> package-name</code> <button class="copy-button">copy</button></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Any arguments you would normally pass to <code>node</code> (e.g., <code>--allow-*</code> flags) can
also be passed through the <code>--node-options</code> flag. This flexibility makes it
easy to configure permissions as needed when using <code>npx</code>.</p>
<h5>Permission Model constraints<span><a class="mark" href="#permission-model-constraints" id="permission-model-constraints">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_permission_model_constraints"></a></h5>
<p>There are constraints you need to know before using this system:</p>
<ul>
<li>The model does not inherit to a child node process or a worker thread.</li>
<li>When using the Permission Model the following features will be restricted:
<ul>
<li>Native modules</li>
<li>Child process</li>
<li>Worker Threads</li>
<li>Inspector protocol</li>
<li>File system access</li>
<li>WASI</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The Permission Model is initialized after the Node.js environment is set up.
However, certain flags such as <code>--env-file</code> or <code>--openssl-config</code> are designed
to read files before environment initialization. As a result, such flags are
not subject to the rules of the Permission Model. The same applies for V8
flags that can be set via runtime through <code>v8.setFlagsFromString</code>.</li>
<li>OpenSSL engines cannot be requested at runtime when the Permission
Model is enabled, affecting the built-in crypto, https, and tls modules.</li>
<li>Run-Time Loadable Extensions cannot be loaded when the Permission Model is
enabled, affecting the sqlite module.</li>
<li>Using existing file descriptors via the <code>node:fs</code> module bypasses the
Permission Model.</li>
</ul>
<h5>Limitations and Known Issues<span><a class="mark" href="#limitations-and-known-issues" id="limitations-and-known-issues">#</a></span><a aria-hidden="true" class="legacy" id="permissions_limitations_and_known_issues"></a></h5>
<ul>
<li>Symbolic links will be followed even to locations outside of the set of paths
that access has been granted to. Relative symbolic links may allow access to
arbitrary files and directories. When starting applications with the
permission model enabled, you must ensure that no paths to which access has
been granted contain relative symbolic links.</li>
</ul></section>
<!-- API END -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
