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====================================
Injecting the administrator password
====================================
Compute can generate a random administrator (root) password and inject that
password into an instance. If this feature is enabled, users can run
:command:`ssh` to an instance without an :command:`ssh` keypair. The random
password appears in the output of the :command:`openstack server create`
command. You can also view and set the admin password from the dashboard.
.. rubric:: Password injection using the dashboard
For password injection display in the dashboard, please refer to the setting of
``can_set_password`` in :horizon-doc:`Horizon doc
</configuration/settings.html#openstack-hypervisor-features>`
.. rubric:: Password injection on libvirt-based hypervisors
For hypervisors that use the libvirt back end (such as KVM, QEMU, and LXC),
admin password injection is disabled by default. To enable it, set this option
in ``/etc/nova/nova.conf``:
.. code-block:: ini
[libvirt]
inject_password=true
When enabled, Compute will modify the password of the admin account by editing
the ``/etc/shadow`` file inside the virtual machine instance.
.. note::
Linux distribution guest only.
.. note::
Users can only use :command:`ssh` to access the instance by using the admin
password if the virtual machine image is a Linux distribution, and it has
been configured to allow users to use :command:`ssh` as the root user with
password authorization. This is not the case for
`Ubuntu cloud images <http://uec-images.ubuntu.com>`_
which, by default, does not allow users to use :command:`ssh` to access the
root account, or
`CentOS cloud images <http://cloud.centos.org/centos/>`_ which, by default,
does not allow :command:`ssh` access to the instance with password.
.. rubric:: Password injection and Windows images (all hypervisors)
For Windows virtual machines, configure the Windows image to retrieve the admin
password on boot by installing an agent such as `cloudbase-init
<https://cloudbase.it/cloudbase-init>`_.
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