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/* -*- Mode:C++; c-basic-offset:8; tab-width:8; indent-tabs-mode:t -*- */
/*
* Copyright (c) 1997 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the Daedalus Research
* Group at the University of California Berkeley.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor of the Research Group may be
* used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static const char rcsid[] =
"@(#) $Header: /cvsroot/nsnam/ns-2/tcp/snoop.cc,v 1.26 2010/03/08 05:54:54 tom_henderson Exp $ (UCB)";
#endif
#include "snoop.h"
int hdr_snoop::offset_;
class SnoopHeaderClass : public PacketHeaderClass {
public:
SnoopHeaderClass() : PacketHeaderClass("PacketHeader/Snoop",
sizeof(hdr_snoop)) {
bind_offset(&hdr_snoop::offset_);
}
} class_snoophdr;
static class LLSnoopClass : public TclClass {
public:
LLSnoopClass() : TclClass("LL/LLSnoop") {}
TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) {
return (new LLSnoop());
}
} llsnoop_class;
static class SnoopClass : public TclClass {
public:
SnoopClass() : TclClass("Snoop") {}
TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) {
return (new Snoop());
}
} snoop_class;
Snoop::Snoop() : NsObject(),
fstate_(0), lastSeen_(-1), lastAck_(-1),
expNextAck_(0), expDupacks_(0), bufhead_(0),
toutPending_(0), buftail_(0),
wl_state_(SNOOP_WLEMPTY), wl_lastSeen_(-1), wl_lastAck_(-1),
wl_bufhead_(0), wl_buftail_(0)
{
bind("snoopDisable_", &snoopDisable_);
bind_time("srtt_", &srtt_);
bind_time("rttvar_", &rttvar_);
bind("maxbufs_", &maxbufs_);
bind("snoopTick_", &snoopTick_);
bind("g_", &g_);
bind("tailTime_", &tailTime_);
bind("rxmitStatus_", &rxmitStatus_);
bind("lru_", &lru_);
rxmitHandler_ = new SnoopRxmitHandler(this);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < SNOOP_MAXWIND; i++) /* data from wired->wireless */
pkts_[i] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < SNOOP_WLSEQS; i++) {/* data from wireless->wired */
wlseqs_[i] = (hdr_seq *) malloc(sizeof(hdr_seq));
wlseqs_[i]->seq = wlseqs_[i]->num = 0;
}
if (maxbufs_ == 0)
maxbufs_ = SNOOP_MAXWIND;
}
void
Snoop::reset()
{
// printf("%x resetting\n", this);
fstate_ = 0;
lastSeen_ = -1;
lastAck_ = -1;
expNextAck_ = 0;
expDupacks_ = 0;
bufhead_ = buftail_ = 0;
if (toutPending_) {
Scheduler::instance().cancel(toutPending_);
// xxx: I think that toutPending_ doesn't need to be freed because snoop didn't allocate it (but I'm not sure).
toutPending_ = 0;
};
for (int i = 0; i < SNOOP_MAXWIND; i++) {
if (pkts_[i]) {
Packet::free(pkts_[i]);
pkts_[i] = 0;
}
}
}
void
Snoop::wlreset()
{
wl_state_ = SNOOP_WLEMPTY;
wl_bufhead_ = wl_buftail_ = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < SNOOP_WLSEQS; i++) {
wlseqs_[i]->seq = wlseqs_[i]->num = 0;
}
}
int
Snoop::command(int argc, const char*const* argv)
{
//Tcl& tcl = Tcl::instance();
if (argc == 3) {
if (strcmp(argv[1], "llsnoop") == 0) {
parent_ = (LLSnoop *) TclObject::lookup(argv[2]);
if (parent_)
recvtarget_ = parent_->uptarget();
return (TCL_OK);
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "check-rxmit") == 0) {
if (empty_()) {
rxmitStatus_ = SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
return (TCL_OK);
}
Packet *p = pkts_[buftail_];
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(p);
if (sh->sndTime()!=-1 && sh->sndTime()<atoi(argv[2]) &&
sh->numRxmit() == 0)
/* candidate for retransmission */
rxmitStatus_ = snoop_rxmit(p);
else
rxmitStatus_ = SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
return (TCL_OK);
}
}
return NsObject::command(argc, argv);
}
void LLSnoop::recv(Packet *p, Handler *h)
{
Tcl &tcl = Tcl::instance();
hdr_ip *iph = hdr_ip::access(p);
/* get-snoop creates a snoop object if none currently exists */
hdr_cmn *ch = HDR_CMN(p);
if(ch->direction() == hdr_cmn::UP)
/* get-snoop creates a snoop object if none currently exists */
/* In ns, addresses have ports embedded in them. */
tcl.evalf("%s get-snoop %d %d", name(), iph->daddr(),
iph->saddr());
else
tcl.evalf("%s get-snoop %d %d", name(), iph->saddr(),
iph->daddr());
Snoop *snoop = (Snoop *) TclObject::lookup(tcl.result());
snoop->recv(p, h);
if (integrate_)
tcl.evalf("%s integrate %d %d", name(), iph->saddr(),
iph->daddr());
if (h) /* resume higher layer (queue) */
Scheduler::instance().schedule(h, &intr_, 0.000001);
return;
}
/*
* Receive a packet from higher layer or from the network.
* Call snoop_data() if TCP packet and forward it on if it's an ack.
*/
void
Snoop::recv(Packet* p, Handler*)
{
hdr_cmn *ch = HDR_CMN(p);
if(ch->direction() == hdr_cmn::UP) {
handle((Event *) p);
return;
}
packet_t type = hdr_cmn::access(p)->ptype();
/* Put packet (if not ack) in cache after checking, and send it on */
if (type == PT_TCP)
snoop_data(p);
else if (type == PT_ACK)
snoop_wired_ack(p);
ch->direction() = hdr_cmn::DOWN; // Ben added
parent_->sendDown(p); /* vector to LLSnoop's sendto() */
}
/*
* Handle a packet received from peer across wireless link. Check first
* for packet errors, then call snoop_ack() or pass it up as necessary.
*/
void
Snoop::handle(Event *e)
{
Packet *p = (Packet *) e;
packet_t type = hdr_cmn::access(p)->ptype();
//int seq = hdr_tcp::access(p)->seqno();
int prop = SNOOP_PROPAGATE; // by default; propagate ack or packet
Scheduler& s = Scheduler::instance();
//hdr_ll *llh = hdr_ll::access(p);
if (hdr_cmn::access(p)->error()) {
parent_->drop(p); // drop packet if it's been corrupted
return;
}
if (type == PT_ACK)
prop = snoop_ack(p);
else if (type == PT_TCP) /* XXX what about TELNET? */
snoop_wless_data(p);
if (prop == SNOOP_PROPAGATE)
s.schedule(recvtarget_, e, parent_->delay());
else { // suppress ack
/* printf("---- %f suppressing ack %d\n", s.clock(), seq);*/
Packet::free(p);
}
}
/*
* Data packet processing. p is guaranteed to be of type PT_TCP when
* this function is called.
*/
void
Snoop::snoop_data(Packet *p)
{
Scheduler &s = Scheduler::instance();
int seq = hdr_tcp::access(p)->seqno();
int resetPending = 0;
// printf("%x snoop_data: %f sending packet %d\n", this, s.clock(), seq);
if (fstate_ & SNOOP_ALIVE && seq == 0)
reset();
fstate_ |= SNOOP_ALIVE;
if ((fstate_ & SNOOP_FULL) && !lru_) {
// printf("snoop full, fwd'ing\n t %d h %d", buftail_, bufhead_);
if (seq > lastSeen_)
lastSeen_ = seq;
return;
}
/*
* Only if the ifq is NOT full do we insert, since otherwise we want
* congestion control to kick in.
*/
if (parent_->ifq()->length() < parent_->ifq()->limit()-1)
resetPending = snoop_insert(p);
if (toutPending_ && resetPending == SNOOP_TAIL) {
s.cancel(toutPending_);
// xxx: I think that toutPending_ doesn't need to be freed because snoop didn't allocate it (but I'm not sure).
toutPending_ = 0;
}
if (!toutPending_ && !empty_()) {
toutPending_ = (Event *) (pkts_[buftail_]);
s.schedule(rxmitHandler_, toutPending_, timeout());
}
return;
}
/*
* snoop_insert() does all the hard work for snoop_data(). It traverses the
* snoop cache and looks for the right place to insert this packet (or
* determines if its already been cached). It then decides whether
* this is a packet in the normal increasing sequence, whether it
* is a sender-rexmitted-but-lost-due-to-congestion (or network
* out-of-order) packet, or if it is a sender-rexmitted packet that
* was buffered by us before.
*/
int
Snoop::snoop_insert(Packet *p)
{
int i, seq = hdr_tcp::access(p)->seqno(), retval=0;
if (seq <= lastAck_)
return retval;
if (fstate_ & SNOOP_FULL) {
/* free tail and go on */
printf("snoop full, making room\n");
Packet::free(pkts_[buftail_]);
pkts_[buftail_] = 0;
buftail_ = next(buftail_);
fstate_ |= ~SNOOP_FULL;
}
if (seq > lastSeen_ || pkts_[buftail_] == 0) { // in-seq or empty cache
i = bufhead_;
bufhead_ = next(bufhead_);
} else if (seq < hdr_snoop::access(pkts_[buftail_])->seqno()) {
buftail_ = prev(buftail_);
i = buftail_;
} else {
for (i = buftail_; i != bufhead_; i = next(i)) {
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkts_[i]);
if (sh->seqno() == seq) { // cached before
sh->numRxmit() = 0;
sh->senderRxmit() = 1; //must be a sender retr
sh->sndTime() = Scheduler::instance().clock();
return SNOOP_TAIL;
} else if (sh->seqno() > seq) {
//not cached before, should insert in the middle
// find the position it should be: prev(i)
Packet *temp = pkts_[prev(buftail_)];
for (int j = buftail_; j != i; j = next(j))
pkts_[prev(j)] = pkts_[j];
i = prev(i);
pkts_[i] = temp; // seems not necessary. Ben comments
buftail_ = prev(buftail_);
break;
}
}
// This should not happen, since seq must be > lastSeen, which is
// handled before in the first if. Ben comments
if (i == bufhead_)
bufhead_ = next(bufhead_);
}
// save in the buffer
savepkt_(p, seq, i);
if (bufhead_ == buftail_)
fstate_ |= SNOOP_FULL;
/*
* If we have one of the following packets:
* 1. a network-out-of-order packet, or
* 2. a fast rxmit packet, or 3. a sender retransmission
* AND it hasn't already been buffered,
* then seq will be < lastSeen_.
* We mark this packet as having been due to a sender rexmit
* and use this information in snoop_ack(). We let the dupacks
* for this packet go through according to expDupacks_.
*/
if (seq < lastSeen_) { /* not in-order -- XXX should it be <= ? */
if (buftail_ == i) {
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkts_[i]);
sh->senderRxmit() = 1;
sh->numRxmit() = 0;
}
expNextAck_ = buftail_;
retval = SNOOP_TAIL;
} else
lastSeen_ = seq;
return retval;
}
void
Snoop::savepkt_(Packet *p, int seq, int i)
{
pkts_[i] = p->copy();
Packet *pkt = pkts_[i];
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkt);
sh->seqno() = seq;
sh->numRxmit() = 0;
sh->senderRxmit() = 0;
sh->sndTime() = Scheduler::instance().clock();
}
/*
* Ack processing in snoop protocol. We know for sure that this is an ack.
* Return SNOOP_SUPPRESS if ack is to be suppressed and SNOOP_PROPAGATE o.w.
*/
int
Snoop::snoop_ack(Packet *p)
{
Packet *pkt;
int ack = hdr_tcp::access(p)->seqno();
/*
* There are 3 cases:
* 1. lastAck_ > ack. In this case what has happened is
* that the acks have come out of order, so we don't
* do any local processing but forward it on.
* 2. lastAck_ == ack. This is a duplicate ack. If we have
* the packet we resend it, and drop the dupack.
* Otherwise we never got it from the fixed host, so we
* need to let the dupack get through.
* Set expDupacks_ to number of packets already sent
* This is the number of dup acks to ignore.
* 3. lastAck_ < ack. Set lastAck_ = ack, and update
* the head of the buffer queue. Also clean up ack'd packets.
*/
if (fstate_ & SNOOP_CLOSED || lastAck_ > ack)
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE; // send ack onward
if (lastAck_ == ack) {
/* A duplicate ack; pure window updates don't occur in ns. */
pkt = pkts_[buftail_];
if (pkt == 0)
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkt);
if (pkt == 0 || sh->seqno() > ack + 1)
/* don't have packet, letting thru' */
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
/*
* We have the packet: one of 3 possibilities:
* 1. We are not expecting any dupacks (expDupacks_ == 0)
* 2. We are expecting dupacks (expDupacks_ > 0)
* 3. We are in an inconsistent state (expDupacks_ == -1)
*/
if (expDupacks_ == 0) { // not expecting it
#define RTX_THRESH 1
static int thresh = 0;
if (thresh++ < RTX_THRESH)
/* no action if under RTX_THRESH */
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
thresh = 0;
// if the packet is a sender retransmission, pass on
if (sh->senderRxmit())
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
/*
* Otherwise, not triggered by sender. If this is
* the first dupack recd., we must determine how many
* dupacks will arrive that must be ignored, and also
* rexmit the desired packet. Note that expDupacks_
* will be -1 if we miscount for some reason.
*/
expDupacks_ = bufhead_ - expNextAck_;
if (expDupacks_ < 0)
expDupacks_ += SNOOP_MAXWIND;
expDupacks_ -= RTX_THRESH + 1;
expNextAck_ = next(buftail_);
if (sh->numRxmit() == 0)
return snoop_rxmit(pkt);
} else if (expDupacks_ > 0) {
expDupacks_--;
return SNOOP_SUPPRESS;
} else if (expDupacks_ == -1) {
if (sh->numRxmit() < 2) {
return snoop_rxmit(pkt);
}
} else // let sender deal with it
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
} else { // a new ack
fstate_ &= ~SNOOP_NOACK; // have seen at least 1 new ack
/* free buffers */
double sndTime = snoop_cleanbufs_(ack);
if (sndTime != -1)
snoop_rtt(sndTime);
expDupacks_ = 0;
expNextAck_ = buftail_;
lastAck_ = ack;
}
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
}
/*
* Handle data packets that arrive from a wireless link, and we're not
* the end recipient. See if there are any holes in the transmission, and
* if there are, mark them as candidates for wireless loss. Then, when
* (dup)acks troop back for this loss, set the ELN bit in their header, to
* help the sender (or a snoop agent downstream) retransmit.
*/
void
Snoop::snoop_wless_data(Packet *p)
{
hdr_tcp *th = hdr_tcp::access(p);
int i, seq = th->seqno();
if (wl_state_ & SNOOP_WLALIVE && seq == 0)
wlreset();
wl_state_ |= SNOOP_WLALIVE;
if (wl_state_ & SNOOP_WLEMPTY && seq >= wl_lastAck_) {
wlseqs_[wl_bufhead_]->seq = seq;
wlseqs_[wl_bufhead_]->num = 1;
wl_buftail_ = wl_bufhead_;
wl_bufhead_ = wl_next(wl_bufhead_);
wl_lastSeen_ = seq;
wl_state_ &= ~SNOOP_WLEMPTY;
return;
}
/* WL data list definitely not empty at this point. */
if (seq >= wl_lastSeen_) {
wl_lastSeen_ = seq;
i = wl_prev(wl_bufhead_);
if (wlseqs_[i]->seq + wlseqs_[i]->num == seq) {
wlseqs_[i]->num++;
return;
}
i = wl_bufhead_;
wl_bufhead_ = wl_next(wl_bufhead_);
} else if (seq == wlseqs_[i = wl_buftail_]->seq - 1) {
} else
return;
wlseqs_[i]->seq = seq;
wlseqs_[i]->num++;
/* Ignore network out-of-ordering and retransmissions for now */
return;
}
/*
* Ack from wired side (for sender on "other" side of wireless link.
*/
void
Snoop::snoop_wired_ack(Packet *p)
{
hdr_tcp *th = hdr_tcp::access(p);
int ack = th->seqno();
int i;
if (ack == wl_lastAck_ && snoop_wlessloss(ack)) {
hdr_flags::access(p)->eln_ = 1;
} else if (ack > wl_lastAck_) {
/* update info about unack'd data */
for (i = wl_buftail_; i != wl_bufhead_; i = wl_next(i)) {
hdr_seq *t = wlseqs_[i];
if (t->seq + t->num - 1 <= ack) {
t->seq = t->num = 0;
} else if (ack < t->seq) {
break;
} else if (ack < t->seq + t->num - 1) {
/* ack for part of a block */
t->num -= ack - t->seq +1;
t->seq = ack + 1;
break;
}
}
wl_buftail_ = i;
if (wl_buftail_ == wl_bufhead_)
wl_state_ |= SNOOP_WLEMPTY;
wl_lastAck_ = ack;
/* Even a new ack could cause an ELN to be set. */
if (wl_bufhead_ != wl_buftail_ && snoop_wlessloss(ack))
hdr_flags::access(p)->eln_ = 1;
}
}
/*
* Return 1 if we think this packet loss was not congestion-related, and
* 0 otherwise. This function simply implements the lookup into the table
* that maintains this info; most of the hard work is done in
* snoop_wless_data() and snoop_wired_ack().
*/
int
Snoop::snoop_wlessloss(int ack)
{
if ((wl_bufhead_ == wl_buftail_) || wlseqs_[wl_buftail_]->seq > ack+1)
return 1;
return 0;
}
/*
* clean snoop cache of packets that have been acked.
*/
double
Snoop::snoop_cleanbufs_(int ack)
{
Scheduler &s = Scheduler::instance();
double sndTime = -1;
if (toutPending_) {
s.cancel(toutPending_);
// xxx: I think that toutPending_ doesn't need to be freed because snoop didn't allocate it (but I'm not sure).
toutPending_ = 0;
};
if (empty_())
return sndTime;
int i = buftail_;
do {
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkts_[i]);
int seq = hdr_tcp::access(pkts_[i])->seqno();
if (seq <= ack) {
sndTime = sh->sndTime();
Packet::free(pkts_[i]);
pkts_[i] = 0;
fstate_ &= ~SNOOP_FULL; /* XXX redundant? */
} else if (seq > ack)
break;
i = next(i);
} while (i != bufhead_);
if ((i != buftail_) || (bufhead_ != buftail_)) {
fstate_ &= ~SNOOP_FULL;
buftail_ = i;
}
if (!empty_()) {
toutPending_ = (Event *) (pkts_[buftail_]);
s.schedule(rxmitHandler_, toutPending_, timeout());
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkts_[buftail_]);
tailTime_ = sh->sndTime();
}
return sndTime;
}
/*
* Calculate smoothed rtt estimate and linear deviation.
*/
void
Snoop::snoop_rtt(double sndTime)
{
double rtt = Scheduler::instance().clock() - sndTime;
if (parent_->integrate()) {
parent_->snoop_rtt(sndTime);
return;
}
if (rtt > 0) {
srtt_ = g_*srtt_ + (1-g_)*rtt;
double delta = rtt - srtt_;
if (delta < 0)
delta = -delta;
if (rttvar_ != 0)
rttvar_ = g_*delta + (1-g_)*rttvar_;
else
rttvar_ = delta;
}
}
/*
* Calculate smoothed rtt estimate and linear deviation.
*/
void
LLSnoop::snoop_rtt(double sndTime)
{
double rtt = Scheduler::instance().clock() - sndTime;
if (rtt > 0) {
srtt_ = g_*srtt_ + (1-g_)*rtt;
double delta = rtt - srtt_;
if (delta < 0)
delta = -delta;
if (rttvar_ != 0)
rttvar_ = g_*delta + (1-g_)*rttvar_;
else
rttvar_ = delta;
}
}
/*
* Returns 1 if recent queue length is <= half the maximum and 0 otherwise.
*/
int
Snoop::snoop_qlong()
{
/* For now only instantaneous lengths */
// if (parent_->ifq()->length() <= 3*parent_->ifq()->limit()/4)
return 1;
// return 0;
}
/*
* Ideally, would like to schedule snoop retransmissions at higher priority.
*/
int
Snoop::snoop_rxmit(Packet *pkt)
{
Scheduler& s = Scheduler::instance();
if (pkt != 0) {
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(pkt);
if (sh->numRxmit() < SNOOP_MAX_RXMIT && snoop_qlong()) {
/* && sh->seqno() == lastAck_+1) */
#if 0
printf("%f Rxmitting packet %d\n", s.clock(),
hdr_tcp::access(pkt)->seqno());
#endif
// need to specify direction, in this case, down
hdr_cmn *ch = HDR_CMN(pkt);
ch->direction() = hdr_cmn::DOWN; // Ben added
sh->sndTime() = s.clock();
sh->numRxmit() = sh->numRxmit() + 1;
Packet *p = pkt->copy();
parent_->sendDown(p);
} else
return SNOOP_PROPAGATE;
}
/* Reset timeout for later time. */
if (toutPending_) {
s.cancel(toutPending_);
// xxx: I think that toutPending_ doesn't need to be freed because snoop didn't allocate it (but I'm not sure).
};
toutPending_ = (Event *)pkt;
s.schedule(rxmitHandler_, toutPending_, timeout());
return SNOOP_SUPPRESS;
}
void
Snoop::snoop_cleanup()
{
}
void
SnoopRxmitHandler::handle(Event *)
{
Packet *p = snoop_->pkts_[snoop_->buftail_];
snoop_->toutPending_ = 0;
if (p == 0)
return;
hdr_snoop *sh = hdr_snoop::access(p);
if (sh->seqno() != snoop_->lastAck_ + 1)
return;
if ((snoop_->bufhead_ != snoop_->buftail_) ||
(snoop_->fstate_ & SNOOP_FULL)) {
// printf("%f Snoop timeout\n", Scheduler::instance().clock());
if (snoop_->snoop_rxmit(p) == SNOOP_SUPPRESS)
snoop_->expNextAck_ = snoop_->next(snoop_->buftail_);
}
}
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