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/*
* HappyHTTP - a simple HTTP library
* Version 0.1
*
* Copyright (c) 2006 Ben Campbell
*
* This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
* warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
* arising from the use of this software.
*
* Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
* including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
* freely, subject to the following restrictions:
*
* 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
* claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a
* product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
* appreciated but is not required.
*
* 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
* be misrepresented as being the original software.
*
* 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*
*/
#include "happyhttp.h"
#ifndef WIN32
// #include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h> // for gethostbyname()
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
#include <winsock2.h>
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#endif
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
namespace happyhttp
{
#ifdef WIN32
const char* GetWinsockErrorString( int err );
#endif
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helper functions
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
void BailOnSocketError( const char* context )
{
#ifdef WIN32
int e = WSAGetLastError();
const char* msg = GetWinsockErrorString( e );
#else
const char* msg = strerror( errno );
#endif
throw Wobbly( "%s: %s", context, msg );
}
#ifdef WIN32
const char* GetWinsockErrorString( int err )
{
switch( err)
{
case 0: return "No error";
case WSAEINTR: return "Interrupted system call";
case WSAEBADF: return "Bad file number";
case WSAEACCES: return "Permission denied";
case WSAEFAULT: return "Bad address";
case WSAEINVAL: return "Invalid argument";
case WSAEMFILE: return "Too many open sockets";
case WSAEWOULDBLOCK: return "Operation would block";
case WSAEINPROGRESS: return "Operation now in progress";
case WSAEALREADY: return "Operation already in progress";
case WSAENOTSOCK: return "Socket operation on non-socket";
case WSAEDESTADDRREQ: return "Destination address required";
case WSAEMSGSIZE: return "Message too long";
case WSAEPROTOTYPE: return "Protocol wrong type for socket";
case WSAENOPROTOOPT: return "Bad protocol option";
case WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT: return "Protocol not supported";
case WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return "Socket type not supported";
case WSAEOPNOTSUPP: return "Operation not supported on socket";
case WSAEPFNOSUPPORT: return "Protocol family not supported";
case WSAEAFNOSUPPORT: return "Address family not supported";
case WSAEADDRINUSE: return "Address already in use";
case WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL: return "Can't assign requested address";
case WSAENETDOWN: return "Network is down";
case WSAENETUNREACH: return "Network is unreachable";
case WSAENETRESET: return "Net connection reset";
case WSAECONNABORTED: return "Software caused connection abort";
case WSAECONNRESET: return "Connection reset by peer";
case WSAENOBUFS: return "No buffer space available";
case WSAEISCONN: return "Socket is already connected";
case WSAENOTCONN: return "Socket is not connected";
case WSAESHUTDOWN: return "Can't send after socket shutdown";
case WSAETOOMANYREFS: return "Too many references, can't splice";
case WSAETIMEDOUT: return "Connection timed out";
case WSAECONNREFUSED: return "Connection refused";
case WSAELOOP: return "Too many levels of symbolic links";
case WSAENAMETOOLONG: return "File name too long";
case WSAEHOSTDOWN: return "Host is down";
case WSAEHOSTUNREACH: return "No route to host";
case WSAENOTEMPTY: return "Directory not empty";
case WSAEPROCLIM: return "Too many processes";
case WSAEUSERS: return "Too many users";
case WSAEDQUOT: return "Disc quota exceeded";
case WSAESTALE: return "Stale NFS file handle";
case WSAEREMOTE: return "Too many levels of remote in path";
case WSASYSNOTREADY: return "Network system is unavailable";
case WSAVERNOTSUPPORTED: return "Winsock version out of range";
case WSANOTINITIALISED: return "WSAStartup not yet called";
case WSAEDISCON: return "Graceful shutdown in progress";
case WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND: return "Host not found";
case WSANO_DATA: return "No host data of that type was found";
}
return "unknown";
};
#endif // WIN32
// return true if socket has data waiting to be read
bool datawaiting( int sock )
{
fd_set fds;
FD_ZERO( &fds );
FD_SET( sock, &fds );
struct timeval tv;
tv.tv_sec = 0;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
int r = select( sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (r < 0)
BailOnSocketError( "select" );
if( FD_ISSET( sock, &fds ) )
return true;
else
return false;
}
// Try to work out address from string
// returns 0 if bad
struct in_addr *atoaddr( const char* address)
{
struct hostent *host;
static struct in_addr saddr;
// First try nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn form
saddr.s_addr = inet_addr(address);
if (saddr.s_addr != -1)
return &saddr;
host = gethostbyname(address);
if( host )
return (struct in_addr *) *host->h_addr_list;
return 0;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Exception class
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
Wobbly::Wobbly( const char* fmt, ... )
{
va_list ap;
va_start( ap,fmt);
int n = vsnprintf( m_Message, MAXLEN, fmt, ap );
va_end( ap );
if(n==MAXLEN)
m_Message[MAXLEN-1] = '\0';
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Connection
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
Connection::Connection( const char* host, int port ) :
m_ResponseBeginCB(0),
m_ResponseDataCB(0),
m_ResponseCompleteCB(0),
m_UserData(0),
m_State( IDLE ),
m_Host( host ),
m_Port( port ),
m_Sock(-1)
{
}
void Connection::setcallbacks(
ResponseBegin_CB begincb,
ResponseData_CB datacb,
ResponseComplete_CB completecb,
void* userdata )
{
m_ResponseBeginCB = begincb;
m_ResponseDataCB = datacb;
m_ResponseCompleteCB = completecb;
m_UserData = userdata;
}
void Connection::connect()
{
in_addr* addr = atoaddr( m_Host.c_str() );
if( !addr )
throw Wobbly( "Invalid network address" );
sockaddr_in address;
memset( (char*)&address, 0, sizeof(address) );
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_port = htons( m_Port );
address.sin_addr.s_addr = addr->s_addr;
m_Sock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );
if( m_Sock < 0 )
BailOnSocketError( "socket()" );
// printf("Connecting to %s on port %d.\n",inet_ntoa(*addr), port);
if( ::connect( m_Sock, (sockaddr const*)&address, sizeof(address) ) < 0 )
BailOnSocketError( "connect()" );
}
void Connection::close()
{
#ifdef WIN32
if( m_Sock >= 0 )
::closesocket( m_Sock );
#else
if( m_Sock >= 0 )
::close( m_Sock );
#endif
m_Sock = -1;
// discard any incomplete responses
while( !m_Outstanding.empty() )
{
delete m_Outstanding.front();
m_Outstanding.pop_front();
}
}
Connection::~Connection()
{
close();
}
void Connection::request( const char* method,
const char* url,
const char* headers[],
const unsigned char* body,
int bodysize )
{
bool gotcontentlength = false; // already in headers?
// check headers for content-length
// TODO: check for "Host" and "Accept-Encoding" too
// and avoid adding them ourselves in putrequest()
if( headers )
{
const char** h = headers;
while( *h )
{
const char* name = *h++;
const char* value = *h++;
assert( value != 0 ); // name with no value!
if( 0==strcasecmp( name, "content-length" ) )
gotcontentlength = true;
}
}
putrequest( method, url );
if( body && !gotcontentlength )
putheader( "Content-Length", bodysize );
if( headers )
{
const char** h = headers;
while( *h )
{
const char* name = *h++;
const char* value = *h++;
putheader( name, value );
}
}
endheaders();
if( body )
send( body, bodysize );
}
void Connection::putrequest( const char* method, const char* url )
{
if( m_State != IDLE )
throw Wobbly( "Request already issued" );
m_State = REQ_STARTED;
char req[ 512 ];
sprintf( req, "%s %s HTTP/1.1", method, url );
m_Buffer.push_back( req );
putheader( "Host", m_Host.c_str() ); // required for HTTP1.1
// don't want any fancy encodings please
putheader("Accept-Encoding", "identity");
// Push a new response onto the queue
Response *r = new Response( method, *this );
m_Outstanding.push_back( r );
}
void Connection::putheader( const char* header, const char* value )
{
if( m_State != REQ_STARTED )
throw Wobbly( "putheader() failed" );
m_Buffer.push_back( string(header) + ": " + string( value ) );
}
void Connection::putheader( const char* header, int numericvalue )
{
char buf[32];
sprintf( buf, "%d", numericvalue );
putheader( header, buf );
}
void Connection::endheaders()
{
if( m_State != REQ_STARTED )
throw Wobbly( "Cannot send header" );
m_State = IDLE;
m_Buffer.push_back( "" );
string msg;
vector< string>::const_iterator it;
for( it = m_Buffer.begin(); it != m_Buffer.end(); ++it )
msg += (*it) + "\r\n";
m_Buffer.clear();
// printf( "%s", msg.c_str() );
send( (const unsigned char*)msg.c_str(), msg.size() );
}
void Connection::send( const unsigned char* buf, int numbytes )
{
// fwrite( buf, 1,numbytes, stdout );
if( m_Sock < 0 )
connect();
while( numbytes > 0 )
{
#ifdef WIN32
int n = ::send( m_Sock, (const char*)buf, numbytes, 0 );
#else
int n = ::send( m_Sock, buf, numbytes, 0 );
#endif
if( n<0 )
BailOnSocketError( "send()" );
numbytes -= n;
buf += n;
}
}
void Connection::pump()
{
if( m_Outstanding.empty() )
return; // no requests outstanding
assert( m_Sock >0 ); // outstanding requests but no connection!
if( !datawaiting( m_Sock ) )
return; // recv will block
unsigned char buf[ 2048 ];
int a = recv( m_Sock, (char*)buf, sizeof(buf), 0 );
if( a<0 )
BailOnSocketError( "recv()" );
if( a== 0 )
{
// connection has closed
Response* r = m_Outstanding.front();
r->notifyconnectionclosed();
assert( r->completed() );
delete r;
m_Outstanding.pop_front();
// any outstanding requests will be discarded
close();
}
else
{
int used = 0;
while( used < a && !m_Outstanding.empty() )
{
Response* r = m_Outstanding.front();
int u = r->pump( &buf[used], a-used );
// delete response once completed
if( r->completed() )
{
delete r;
m_Outstanding.pop_front();
}
used += u;
}
// NOTE: will lose bytes if response queue goes empty
// (but server shouldn't be sending anything if we don't have
// anything outstanding anyway)
assert( used == a ); // all bytes should be used up by here.
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Response
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
Response::Response( const char* method, Connection& conn ) :
m_Connection( conn ),
m_State( STATUSLINE ),
m_Method( method ),
m_Version( 0 ),
m_Status(0),
m_BytesRead(0),
m_Chunked(false),
m_ChunkLeft(0),
m_Length(-1),
m_WillClose(false)
{
}
const char* Response::getheader( const char* name ) const
{
std::string lname( name );
std::transform( lname.begin(), lname.end(), lname.begin(), (int(*)(int))tolower );
std::map< std::string, std::string >::const_iterator it = m_Headers.find( lname );
if( it == m_Headers.end() )
return 0;
else
return it->second.c_str();
}
int Response::getstatus() const
{
// only valid once we've got the statusline
assert( m_State != STATUSLINE );
return m_Status;
}
const char* Response::getreason() const
{
// only valid once we've got the statusline
assert( m_State != STATUSLINE );
return m_Reason.c_str();
}
// Connection has closed
void Response::notifyconnectionclosed()
{
if( m_State == COMPLETE )
return;
// eof can be valid...
if( m_State == BODY &&
!m_Chunked &&
m_Length == -1 )
{
Finish(); // we're all done!
}
else
{
throw Wobbly( "Connection closed unexpectedly" );
}
}
int Response::pump( const unsigned char* data, int datasize )
{
assert( datasize != 0 );
int count = datasize;
while( count > 0 && m_State != COMPLETE )
{
if( m_State == STATUSLINE ||
m_State == HEADERS ||
m_State == TRAILERS ||
m_State == CHUNKLEN ||
m_State == CHUNKEND )
{
// we want to accumulate a line
while( count > 0 )
{
char c = (char)*data++;
--count;
if( c == '\n' )
{
// now got a whole line!
switch( m_State )
{
case STATUSLINE:
ProcessStatusLine( m_LineBuf );
break;
case HEADERS:
ProcessHeaderLine( m_LineBuf );
break;
case TRAILERS:
ProcessTrailerLine( m_LineBuf );
break;
case CHUNKLEN:
ProcessChunkLenLine( m_LineBuf );
break;
case CHUNKEND:
// just soak up the crlf after body and go to next state
assert( m_Chunked == true );
m_State = CHUNKLEN;
break;
default:
break;
}
m_LineBuf.clear();
break; // break out of line accumulation!
}
else
{
if( c != '\r' ) // just ignore CR
m_LineBuf += c;
}
}
}
else if( m_State == BODY )
{
int bytesused = 0;
if( m_Chunked )
bytesused = ProcessDataChunked( data, count );
else
bytesused = ProcessDataNonChunked( data, count );
data += bytesused;
count -= bytesused;
}
}
// return number of bytes used
return datasize - count;
}
void Response::ProcessChunkLenLine( std::string const& line )
{
// chunklen in hex at beginning of line
m_ChunkLeft = strtol( line.c_str(), NULL, 16 );
if( m_ChunkLeft == 0 )
{
// got the whole body, now check for trailing headers
m_State = TRAILERS;
m_HeaderAccum.clear();
}
else
{
m_State = BODY;
}
}
// handle some body data in chunked mode
// returns number of bytes used.
int Response::ProcessDataChunked( const unsigned char* data, int count )
{
assert( m_Chunked );
int n = count;
if( n>m_ChunkLeft )
n = m_ChunkLeft;
// invoke callback to pass out the data
if( m_Connection.m_ResponseDataCB )
(m_Connection.m_ResponseDataCB)( this, m_Connection.m_UserData, data, n );
m_BytesRead += n;
m_ChunkLeft -= n;
assert( m_ChunkLeft >= 0);
if( m_ChunkLeft == 0 )
{
// chunk completed! now soak up the trailing CRLF before next chunk
m_State = CHUNKEND;
}
return n;
}
// handle some body data in non-chunked mode.
// returns number of bytes used.
int Response::ProcessDataNonChunked( const unsigned char* data, int count )
{
int n = count;
if( m_Length != -1 )
{
// we know how many bytes to expect
int remaining = m_Length - m_BytesRead;
if( n > remaining )
n = remaining;
}
// invoke callback to pass out the data
if( m_Connection.m_ResponseDataCB )
(m_Connection.m_ResponseDataCB)( this, m_Connection.m_UserData, data, n );
m_BytesRead += n;
// Finish if we know we're done. Else we're waiting for connection close.
if( m_Length != -1 && m_BytesRead == m_Length )
Finish();
return n;
}
void Response::Finish()
{
m_State = COMPLETE;
// invoke the callback
if( m_Connection.m_ResponseCompleteCB )
(m_Connection.m_ResponseCompleteCB)( this, m_Connection.m_UserData );
}
void Response::ProcessStatusLine( std::string const& line )
{
const char* p = line.c_str();
// skip any leading space
while( *p && *p == ' ' )
++p;
// get version
while( *p && *p != ' ' )
m_VersionString += *p++;
while( *p && *p == ' ' )
++p;
// get status code
std::string status;
while( *p && *p != ' ' )
status += *p++;
while( *p && *p == ' ' )
++p;
// rest of line is reason
while( *p )
m_Reason += *p++;
m_Status = atoi( status.c_str() );
if( m_Status < 100 || m_Status > 999 )
throw Wobbly( "BadStatusLine (%s)", line.c_str() );
/*
printf( "version: '%s'\n", m_VersionString.c_str() );
printf( "status: '%d'\n", m_Status );
printf( "reason: '%s'\n", m_Reason.c_str() );
*/
if( m_VersionString == "HTTP:/1.0" )
m_Version = 10;
else if( 0==m_VersionString.compare( 0,7,"HTTP/1." ) )
m_Version = 11;
else
throw Wobbly( "UnknownProtocol (%s)", m_VersionString.c_str() );
// TODO: support for HTTP/0.9
// OK, now we expect headers!
m_State = HEADERS;
m_HeaderAccum.clear();
}
// process accumulated header data
void Response::FlushHeader()
{
if( m_HeaderAccum.empty() )
return; // no flushing required
const char* p = m_HeaderAccum.c_str();
std::string header;
std::string value;
while( *p && *p != ':' )
header += tolower( *p++ );
// skip ':'
if( *p )
++p;
// skip space
while( *p && (*p ==' ' || *p=='\t') )
++p;
value = p; // rest of line is value
m_Headers[ header ] = value;
// printf("header: ['%s': '%s']\n", header.c_str(), value.c_str() );
m_HeaderAccum.clear();
}
void Response::ProcessHeaderLine( std::string const& line )
{
const char* p = line.c_str();
if( line.empty() )
{
FlushHeader();
// end of headers
// HTTP code 100 handling (we ignore 'em)
if( m_Status == CONTINUE )
m_State = STATUSLINE; // reset parsing, expect new status line
else
BeginBody(); // start on body now!
return;
}
if( isspace(*p) )
{
// it's a continuation line - just add it to previous data
++p;
while( *p && isspace( *p ) )
++p;
m_HeaderAccum += ' ';
m_HeaderAccum += p;
}
else
{
// begin a new header
FlushHeader();
m_HeaderAccum = p;
}
}
void Response::ProcessTrailerLine( std::string const& line )
{
// TODO: handle trailers?
// (python httplib doesn't seem to!)
if( line.empty() )
Finish();
// just ignore all the trailers...
}
// OK, we've now got all the headers read in, so we're ready to start
// on the body. But we need to see what info we can glean from the headers
// first...
void Response::BeginBody()
{
m_Chunked = false;
m_Length = -1; // unknown
m_WillClose = false;
// using chunked encoding?
const char* trenc = getheader( "transfer-encoding" );
if( trenc && 0==strcasecmp( trenc, "chunked") )
{
m_Chunked = true;
m_ChunkLeft = -1; // unknown
}
m_WillClose = CheckClose();
// length supplied?
const char* contentlen = getheader( "content-length" );
if( contentlen && !m_Chunked )
{
m_Length = atoi( contentlen );
}
// check for various cases where we expect zero-length body
if( m_Status == NO_CONTENT ||
m_Status == NOT_MODIFIED ||
( m_Status >= 100 && m_Status < 200 ) || // 1xx codes have no body
m_Method == "HEAD" )
{
m_Length = 0;
}
// if we're not using chunked mode, and no length has been specified,
// assume connection will close at end.
if( !m_WillClose && !m_Chunked && m_Length == -1 )
m_WillClose = true;
// Invoke the user callback, if any
if( m_Connection.m_ResponseBeginCB )
(m_Connection.m_ResponseBeginCB)( this, m_Connection.m_UserData );
/*
printf("---------BeginBody()--------\n");
printf("Length: %d\n", m_Length );
printf("WillClose: %d\n", (int)m_WillClose );
printf("Chunked: %d\n", (int)m_Chunked );
printf("ChunkLeft: %d\n", (int)m_ChunkLeft );
printf("----------------------------\n");
*/
// now start reading body data!
if( m_Chunked )
m_State = CHUNKLEN;
else
m_State = BODY;
}
// return true if we think server will automatically close connection
bool Response::CheckClose()
{
if( m_Version == 11 )
{
// HTTP1.1
// the connection stays open unless "connection: close" is specified.
const char* conn = getheader( "connection" );
if( conn && 0==strcasecmp( conn, "close" ) )
return true;
else
return false;
}
// Older HTTP
// keep-alive header indicates persistant connection
if( getheader( "keep-alive" ) )
return false;
// TODO: some special case handling for Akamai and netscape maybe?
// (see _check_close() in python httplib.py for details)
return true;
}
} // end namespace happyhttp
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