// Copyright (c) 2014-2023, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
//  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
//    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
//    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//  * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
//    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//    from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#include <assert.h>
#include <builtin_types.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <nvvm.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

// The full path to the libcudadevrt.a is determined by the build environment.
const char *_libCudaDevRt = LIBCUDADEVRT;

static const char *getLibCudaDevRtName(void) {
  // Check that the library exists.
  FILE *fh = fopen(_libCudaDevRt, "rb");
  if (fh == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error locating the libcudadevrt runtime: %s\n",
            _libCudaDevRt);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  fclose(fh);
  return _libCudaDevRt;
}

// If 'err' is non-zero, emit an error message and exit.
#define checkCudaErrors(err) __checkCudaErrors(err, __FILE__, __LINE__)
static void __checkCudaErrors(CUresult err, const char *filename, int line) {
  assert(filename);
  if (CUDA_SUCCESS != err) {
    const char *ename = NULL;
    const CUresult res = cuGetErrorName(err, &ename);
    fprintf(stderr,
            "CUDA API Error %04d: \"%s\" from file <%s>, "
            "line %i.\n",
            err, ((CUDA_SUCCESS == res) ? ename : "Unknown"), filename, line);
    exit(err);
  }
}

static char *loadProgramSource(const char *filename, size_t *size) {
  assert(filename && size);
  char *source = NULL;
  *size = 0;
  FILE *fh = fopen(filename, "rb");
  if (fh) {
    struct stat statbuf;
    stat(filename, &statbuf);
    source = (char *)malloc(statbuf.st_size + 1);
    if (source) {
      fread(source, statbuf.st_size, 1, fh);
      source[statbuf.st_size] = 0;
      *size = statbuf.st_size + 1;
    }
  } else {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file %s\n", filename);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  return source;
}

// Compile the NVVM IR into PTX.
static char *generatePTX(const char *ll, size_t size, const char *filename,
                         int devMajor, int devMinor) {
  assert(ll && filename);

  // Create a program instance for libNVVM.
  nvvmProgram program;
  nvvmResult result = nvvmCreateProgram(&program);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmCreateProgram: Failed\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Add the NVVM IR as a module to our libNVVM program.
  result = nvvmAddModuleToProgram(program, ll, size, filename);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmAddModuleToProgram: Failed\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Dynamically construct the compute capability.
  char arch[32] = {0};
  snprintf(arch, sizeof(arch) - 1, "-arch=compute_%d%d", devMajor, devMinor);

  // Compile the IR into PTX.
  const char *options[] = {arch};
  result = nvvmCompileProgram(program, 1, options);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    char *Msg = NULL;
    size_t LogSize;
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmCompileProgram: Failed\n");
    nvvmGetProgramLogSize(program, &LogSize);
    Msg = (char *)malloc(LogSize);
    nvvmGetProgramLog(program, Msg);
    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", Msg);
    free(Msg);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  size_t ptxSize = 0;
  result = nvvmGetCompiledResultSize(program, &ptxSize);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmGetCompiledResultSize: Failed\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  char *ptx = malloc(ptxSize);
  assert(ptx);
  result = nvvmGetCompiledResult(program, ptx);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmGetCompiledResult: Failed\n");
    free(ptx);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  result = nvvmDestroyProgram(&program);
  if (result != NVVM_SUCCESS) {
    fprintf(stderr, "nvvmDestroyProgram: Failed\n");
    free(ptx);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  return ptx;
}

// Return the device compute capability in major and minor.
static CUdevice cudaDeviceInit(int *major, int *minor) {
  assert(major && minor);
  // Count the number of CUDA compute capable devices..
  CUresult err = cuInit(0);
  int deviceCount = 0;
  if (CUDA_SUCCESS == err)
    checkCudaErrors(cuDeviceGetCount(&deviceCount));
  if (deviceCount == 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "cudaDeviceInit error: no devices supporting CUDA\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Get the first device discovered (device 0) and print its name.
  CUdevice cuDevice = 0;
  checkCudaErrors(cuDeviceGet(&cuDevice, 0));
  char name[128] = {0};
  checkCudaErrors(cuDeviceGetName(name, sizeof(name), cuDevice));
  printf("Using CUDA Device [0]: %s\n", name);

  // Get and test the compute capability.
  checkCudaErrors(cuDeviceGetAttribute(
      major, CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MAJOR, cuDevice));
  checkCudaErrors(cuDeviceGetAttribute(
      minor, CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MINOR, cuDevice));
  printf("compute capability = %d.%d\n", *major, *minor);
  if (*major < 5) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Device 0 is not sm_50 or later\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  return cuDevice;
}

static CUresult buildKernel(CUcontext *phContext, CUdevice *phDevice,
                            CUmodule *phModule, CUfunction *phKernel) {
  assert(phContext && phDevice && phModule && phKernel);

  // Initialize CUDA and obtain the device's compute capability.
  int major = 0, minor = 0;
  *phDevice = cudaDeviceInit(&major, &minor);
  checkCudaErrors(cuCtxCreate(phContext, 0, *phDevice));

  // Get the NVVM IR from file.
  size_t size = 0;
  const char *filename = "dsl-gpu64.ll";
  char *ll = loadProgramSource(filename, &size);
  fprintf(stdout, "NVVM IR ll file loaded\n");

  // Use libNVVM to generate PTX.
  char *ptx = generatePTX(ll, size, filename, major, minor);
  fprintf(stdout, "PTX generated:\n");
  fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", ptx);

  // Create a context and link the PTX and device library.
  const char *libCudaDevRtName = getLibCudaDevRtName();
  void *cubin = NULL;
  size_t cubinSize = 0;
  CUlinkState linkState;
  checkCudaErrors(cuLinkCreate(0, NULL, NULL, &linkState));
  checkCudaErrors(cuLinkAddData(linkState, CU_JIT_INPUT_PTX, (void *)ptx,
                                strlen(ptx) + 1, 0, 0, 0, 0));
  checkCudaErrors(cuLinkAddFile(linkState, CU_JIT_INPUT_LIBRARY,
                                libCudaDevRtName, 0, NULL, NULL));
  checkCudaErrors(cuLinkComplete(linkState, &cubin, &cubinSize));

  // Load the linked binary.
  checkCudaErrors(cuModuleLoadData(phModule, cubin));

  // Locate the kernel entry point.
  checkCudaErrors(cuModuleGetFunction(phKernel, *phModule, "kernel"));

  checkCudaErrors(cuLinkDestroy(linkState));
  free(ll);
  free(ptx);
  return CUDA_SUCCESS;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  const unsigned int nThreads = 1;
  const unsigned int nBlocks = 1;

  // Initialize the device and get a handle to the kernel.
  CUcontext hContext = 0;
  CUdevice hDevice = 0;
  CUmodule hModule = 0;
  CUfunction hKernel = 0;
  checkCudaErrors(buildKernel(&hContext, &hDevice, &hModule, &hKernel));

  // Launch the kernel.
  int depth = 0;
  void *params[] = {&depth};
  checkCudaErrors(cuLaunchKernel(hKernel, nBlocks, 1, 1, nThreads, 1, 1, 0,
                                 NULL, params, NULL));

  if (hModule) {
    checkCudaErrors(cuModuleUnload(hModule));
    hModule = 0;
  }
  if (hContext) {
    checkCudaErrors(cuCtxDestroy(hContext));
    hContext = 0;
  }

  return 0;
}