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<html><head>
<title>Characters and Strings</title>
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<body>
<a href="../start.htm">Nyquist / XLISP 2.0</a> -
<a href="../manual/contents.htm">Contents</a> |
<a href="../tutorials/tutorials.htm">Tutorials</a> |
<a href="examples.htm">Examples</a> |
<a href="../reference/reference-index.htm">Reference</a>
<hr>
<h1>POSIX Character Classes</h1>
<hr>
<ol>
<li><nobr><a href="#posix-character-classes">POSIX Character Classes</a></nobr></li>
<li><nobr><a href="#internal-functions">Internal Functions</a></nobr></li>
<li><nobr><a href="#user-functions">User Functions</a></nobr></li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h2>POSIX Character Classes</h2>
<hr>
<p>The functions on this page implement tests for the standard POSIX
character classes, where all functions return the tested character if the
test succeeds, or <a href="../reference/nil.htm">NIL</a></nobr> if the test
fails.</p>
<p>The <nobr>built-in</nobr> XLISP character test functions
<a href="../reference/upper-case-p.htm">upper-case-p</a>,
<a href="../reference/lower-case-p.htm">lower-case-p</a>,
<a href="../reference/both-case-p.htm">both-case-p</a>,
<a href="../reference/alphanumericp.htm">alphanumericp</a>, return the
boolean values <a href="../reference/t.htm"> T </a> or
<a href="../reference/nil.htm">NIL</a> instead of the tested character,
while <a href="../reference/digit-char-p.htm">digit-char-p</a> returns an
integer <nobr>or <a href="../reference/nil.htm">NIL</a></nobr>, what is
handy if you want to convert arbitrary Lisp symbols into numbers without
producing an error, but all this is impractical for writing a string
parser.</p>
<p><nobr>The <a href="#internal-functions">Internal Functions</a></nobr>
do not check if the argument is a character and therefore are faster than
the <nobr><a href="#user-functions">User Functions</a></nobr>. Also note
that XLISP is limited to ASCII characters, so there is no way to find out if
an unicode character is upper- or lowercase if the character code is greater
than <nobr>ASCII 127</nobr>.</p>
<p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td colspan="3"><nobr><b>POSIX</b></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><b>Internal</b></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><b>User Function</b></nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>alnum</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-alnum-p">char:alnum-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#alnum-character-p">alnum-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>alphanumeric = [a-z], [A-Z], [0-9]</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>alpha</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-alpha-p">char:alpha-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#alpha-character-p">alpha-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>alphabetic = [a-z], [A-Z]</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>blank</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-blank-p">char:blank-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#blank-character-p">blank-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>space and horizontal-tab</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>cntrl</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-cntrl-p">char:cntrl-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#cntrl-character-p">cntrl-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>code-chars 0-31 and 127</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>digit</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-digit-p">char:digit-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#digit-character-p">digit-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>decimal = [0-9]</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>graph</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-graph-p">char:graph-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#graph-character-p">graph-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>graphical = alnum + punct</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>lower</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-lower-p">char:lower-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#lower-character-p">lower-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>lowercase = [a-z]</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>print</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-print-p">char:print-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#print-character-p">print-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>printable = alnum + punct + space</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>punct</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-punct-p">char:punct-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#punct-character-p">punct-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>punctuation marks</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>space</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-space-p">char:space-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#space-character-p">space-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>characters producing whitespace</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>upper</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-upper-p">char:upper-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#upper-character-p">upper-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>uppercase = [A-Z]</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><nobr><code> </code></nobr></td>
<td><nobr>[:</nobr></td>
<td align="center"><nobr>xdigit</nobr></td>
<td><nobr>:]</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#char-xdigit-p">char:xdigit-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td><nobr><a href="#xdigit-character-p">xdigit-character-p</a></nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>hexadecimal = [0-9], [a-f], [A-F]</nobr></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></p>
<p>The main difference is:</p>
<pre class="example">
> (char:alnum-p 'nonsense-value)
<font color="#AA0000">error: bad argument type - NONSENSE-VALUE</font>
> (alnum-character-p 'nonsense-value)
NIL
</pre>
<p><nobr> <a href="#top">Back to top</a></nobr></p>
<a name="internal-functions"></a>
<hr>
<h2>Internal Functions</h2>
<hr>
<p>The internal functions are based on <nobr>built-in</nobr> XLISP
functions, there are no external dependencies.</p>
<a name="char-alnum-p"></a>
<pre class="example">
<font color="#008844">;; alphanumeric characters = a-z, A-z, 0-9</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:alnum-p</font> (char)
(and (alphanumericp char)
char))
<a name="char-alpha-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; alphabetic characters = a-z, A-Z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:alpha-p</font> (char)
(and (both-char-p char)
char))
<a name="char-blank-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; blanks = space and horizontal-tab</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:blank-p</font> (char)
(and (or (char= char #\Space)
(char= char #\Tab))
char))
<a name="char-cntrl-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; control characters = code-chars 0-31 and 127</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:cntrl-p</font> (char)
(let ((code (char-code char)))
(and (or (<= 0 code 31)
(= code 127))
char)))
<a name="char-digit-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; decimal digits = 0-9</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:digit-p</font> (char)
(and (digit-char-p char)
char))
<a name="char-graph-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; graphical characters = alnum + punct</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:graph-p</font> (char)
(and (<= 33 (char-code char) 126)
char))
<a name="char-lower-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; lowercase characters = a-z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:lower-p</font> (char)
(and (lower-case-p char)
char))
<a name="char-print-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; printable characters = alnum + punct + space</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:print-p</font> (char)
(and (<= 32 (char-code char) 126)
char))
<a name="char-punct-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; punctuation marks</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:punct-p</font> (char)
(let ((code (char-code char)))
(and (or (<= 33 code 47) <font color="#008844">; ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /</font>
(<= 58 code 64) <font color="#008844">; : ; < = > ? @</font>
(<= 91 code 96) <font color="#008844">; [ \ ] ^ _ `</font>
(<= 123 code 126)) <font color="#008844">; { | } ~</font>
char)))
<a name="char-space-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; characters producing whitespace</font>
<font color="#008844">;;</font>
<font color="#008844">;; 9 = horizontal tab 10 = line feed 11 = vertical tab</font>
<font color="#008844">;; 12 = form feed 13 = carriage return 32 = space</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:space-p</font> (char)
(and (member (char-code char) '(9 10 11 12 13 32))
char))
<a name="char-upper-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; uppercase characters = A-Z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:upper-p</font> (char)
(and (upper-case-p char)
char))
<a name="char-xdigit-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; hexadecimal digits = 0-9, a-f, A-F</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">char:xdigit-p</font> (char)
(and (or (digit-char-p char)
(let ((code (char-code char)))
(or (<= 65 code 70) <font color="#008844">; A-Z</font>
(<= 97 code 102)))) <font color="#008844">; a-z</font>
char))
</pre>
<p><nobr> <a href="#top">Back to top</a></nobr></p>
<a name="user-functions"></a>
<hr>
<h2>User Functions</h2>
<hr>
<p>The user functions are based on the
<nobr><a href="#internal-functions">Internal Functions</a></nobr> above.
There are no other dependencies.</p>
<a name="alnum-character-p"></a>
<pre class="example">
<font color="#008844">;; alphanumeric characters = a-z, A-z, 0-9</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">alnum-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:alnum-p char)))
<a name="alpha-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; alphabetic characters = a-z, A-Z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">alpha-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:alpha-p char)))
<a name="blank-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; blanks = space and horizontal-tab</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">blank-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:blank-p char)))
<a name="cntrl-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; control characters = code-chars 0-31 and 127</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">cntrl-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:cntrl-p char)))
<a name="digit-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; decimal digits = 0-9</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">digit-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:digit-p char)))
<a name="graph-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; graphical characters = alnum + punct</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">graph-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:graph-p char)))
<a name="lower-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; lowercase characters = a-z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">lower-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:lower-p char)))
<a name="print-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; printable characters = alnum + punct + space</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">print-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:print-p char)))
<a name="punct-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; punctuation marks</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">punct-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:punct-p char)))
<a name="space-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; characters producing whitespace</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">space-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:space-p char)))
<a name="upper-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; uppercase characters = A-Z</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">upper-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:upper-p char)))
<a name="xdigit-character-p"></a>
<font color="#008844">;; hexadecimal digits = 0-9, a-f, A-F</font>
(defun <font color="#0000CC">xdigit-character-p</font> (char)
(and (characterp char)
(char:xdigit-p char)))
</pre>
<p><nobr> <a href="#top">Back to top</a></nobr></p>
<hr>
<a href="../start.htm">Nyquist / XLISP 2.0</a> -
<a href="../manual/contents.htm">Contents</a> |
<a href="../tutorials/tutorials.htm">Tutorials</a> |
<a href="examples.htm">Examples</a> |
<a href="../reference/reference-index.htm">Reference</a>
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