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<html><head><title>XLISP nconc</title>
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</head>
<body>
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<hr>
<h1>nconc</h1>
<hr>
<p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left:10px"><tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td><nobr>Type:</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>function (subr)</nobr></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><nobr>Source:</nobr></td>
<td><nobr> - </nobr></td>
<td width="100%"><nobr>xllist.c</nobr></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></p>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<dl>
<dt>(nconc [<i>list1</i> ... ])</dt>
<dd><i>listN</i> - a list to destructively concatenate<br>
returns - the result of concatenating the lists</dd>
</dl>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>The 'nconc' function destructively concatenates a sequence of lists and
returns the result of this concatentation. The destructive aspect of this
operation means that the actual symbol values are used in the list-modifying
operations, not copies. This means, for 'nconc', that the lists are spliced
together. 'listN' must evaluate to a valid list. An atom for 'listN' will
result in an error. <a href="nil.htm">NIL</a> is a valid
'listN'.</p>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<pre class="example">
(setq a '(1 2 3)) <font color="#008844">; set up A with (1 2 3)</font>
(setq b '(4 5 6)) <font color="#008844">; set up B with (4 5 6)</font>
(setq c '(7 8 9)) <font color="#008844">; set up C with (7 8 9)</font>
(NCONC a b c) <font color="#008844">; returns (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)</font>
(setf (nth 8 a) 'end) <font color="#008844">; change last element of A</font>
(print a) <font color="#008844">; prints (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 END)</font>
(print b) <font color="#008844">; prints (4 5 6 7 8 END)</font>
(print c) <font color="#008844">; prints (7 8 END)</font>
</pre>
<p><b>Note:</b> with Nyquist, no error is raised if 'listN' is an atom.
Instead, all atoms given to the 'nconc' function, if not given as the last
argument, just disappear:</p>
<pre class="example">
(nconc 'a 'b 'c 'd) <font color="#008844">; returns D</font>
(nconc 'a '(b) 'c '(d)) <font color="#008844">; returns (B D)</font>
(nconc '(a) 'b '(c) 'd) <font color="#008844">; returns (A C . D)</font>
</pre>
<p>See the
<a href="../manual/xlisp-man-017.htm#nconc">nconc</a>
function in the <nobr>XLISP 2.0</nobr> manual.</p>
<p><nobr> <a href="#top">Back to Top</nobr></a></p>
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