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Names
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<H2>5.3 Names</H2> <A NAME="s:names"></A>
Identifiers are used to give names to several classes of language
objects and refer to these objects by name later:
<UL>
<LI>
value names (syntactic class <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>value-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>value constructors (constant -- class <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>cconstr-name</FONT></I></TT> -- or
non-constant -- class <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ncconstr-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>type constructors (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>typeconstr-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>record labels (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>label-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>class names (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>class-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>method names (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>method-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>instance variable names (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>inst-var-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>module names (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-name</FONT></I></TT>),
<LI>module type names (<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>modtype-name</FONT></I></TT>).
</UL>
These nine name spaces are distinguished both by the context and by the
capitalization of the identifier: whether the first letter of the
identifier is in lowercase (written <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT> below) or in
uppercase (written <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT>). Underscore is considered a
lowercase letter for this purpose.<A NAME="@manual.kwd0"></A><BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="@manual.kwd1"></A><BR>
<BR>
<H4>Naming objects</H4><DIV ALIGN=center>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>value-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>(</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>operator-name</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>)</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>operator-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>prefix-symbol</FONT></I></TT> | <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>infix-symbol</FONT></I></TT> | <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>*</FONT></TT> | <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>=</FONT></TT> | <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>or</FONT></TT> | <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>&</FONT></TT> | <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>:=</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>cconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>false</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>true</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>[</FONT></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>]</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>(</FONT></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>)</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ncconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>::</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>typeconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>label-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>modtype-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>class-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>inst-var-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>method-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV>
As shown above, prefix and infix symbols as well as some keywords can
be used as value names, provided they are written between parentheses.
Keywords such as '::' and 'false' are also constructor names. The
capitalization rules are summarized in the table
below.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<DIV ALIGN=center>
<TABLE BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH="80%">
<TR><TD ALIGN=center NOWRAP><B>Name space</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN=center NOWRAP><B>Case of first letter</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
Values</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>lowercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Constructors</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>uppercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Type constructors</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>lowercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Record labels</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>lowercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Classes</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>lowercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Methods</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>lowercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Modules</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>uppercase</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>Module types</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>any</TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>
<H4>Referring to named objects</H4><DIV ALIGN=center>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>value-path</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>value-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>cconstr</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>cconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ncconstr</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ncconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>typeconstr</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>typeconstr-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>label</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>label-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>capitalized-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>(</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>)</FONT></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>modtype-path</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>modtype-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>class-path</FONT></I></TT></TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>::=</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP>
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>class-name</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD ALIGN=right NOWRAP>|</TD>
<TD ALIGN=left NOWRAP> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>module-path</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>lowercase-ident</FONT></I></TT></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>
A named object can be referred to either by its name (following the
usual static scoping rules for names) or by an access path <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>prefix</FONT></I></TT> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>name</FONT></I></TT>,
where <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>prefix</FONT></I></TT> designates a module and <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>name</FONT></I></TT> is the name of an object
defined in that module. The first component of the path, <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>prefix</FONT></I></TT>, is
either a simple module name or an access path <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>name</FONT></I></TT><SUB><FONT SIZE=2>1</FONT></SUB> <TT><FONT COLOR=blue>.</FONT></TT> <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>name</FONT></I></TT><SUB><FONT SIZE=2>2</FONT></SUB> ...,
in case the defining module is itself nested inside other modules.
For referring to type constructors or module types, the <TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>prefix</FONT></I></TT> can
also contain simple functor applications (as in the syntactic class
<TT><I><FONT COLOR=maroon>extended-module-path</FONT></I></TT> above), in case the defining module is the
result of a functor application.<BR>
<BR>
Instance variable names and method names need not be qualified: the
former are local to a class while the latter are global labels.
<BR>
<BR>
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