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<title>Ocamlnet 2 Reference Manual : Netmime</title>
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<center><h1>Module <a href="type_Netmime.html">Netmime</a></h1></center>
<br>
<pre><span class="keyword">module</span> Netmime: <code class="code">sig</code> <a href="Netmime.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre>Netmime contains high-level classes and functions to process
mail and MIME messages.
<p>
<b>Contents</b>
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="Netmime.html#types"><i>Types</i></a></li>
<li><a href="Netmime.html#classes"><i>Classes</i></a></li>
<li><a href="Netmime.html#parsing"><i>Parsing MIME messages</i></a></li>
<li><a href="Netmime.html#printing"><i>Printing MIME Messages</i></a></li>
</ul>
The tutorial has been moved to <a href="Netmime_tut.html"><code class="code">Netmime_tut</code></a>.<br>
<hr width="100%">
<br>
<a name="types"></a>
<h1>Types</h1><br>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEstore"></a><code class="type"></code>store = <code class="type">[ `File of string | `Memory ]</code> </pre>
<div class="info">
Specifies where to store the body of a mail message. <code class="code">`Memory</code>
means in-memory, <code class="code">`File name</code> means in the file <code class="code">name</code>. The body
is stored in decoded form (i.e. without transfer encoding).<br>
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">exception</span> <a name="EXCEPTIONImmutable"></a>Immutable <span class="keyword">of</span> <code class="type">string</code></pre>
<div class="info">
Raised if it is tried to modify a read-only value. The string denotes
the function or method where the incident happened.<br>
</div>
<br>
MIME headers and bodies are defined in two steps. First the subtype
describing read access is defined (<code class="code">mime_header_ro</code>, and <code class="code">mime_body_ro</code>),
and after that the full class type including write access is defined
(<code class="code">mime_header</code>, and <code class="code">mime_body</code>).
<p>
The idea is that you can write functions that take an ro value as
input to indicate that they do not modify the value. For example:
<p>
<pre><code class="code"> let number_of_fields (h:#mime_header_ro) =
List.length (h#fields) </code></pre>
<p>
This function accepts both <code class="code">mime_header</code>, and <code class="code">mime_header_ro</code> values as
input, but the typing ensures that the function cannot mutate anything.
<p>
There is another way to ensure that a header or body is not modified.
The read-only flag can be set when creating the object, and this flag
causes that all trials to modify the value will raise the exception
<code class="code">Immutable</code>. Of course, such trials of mutation are only detected at
run-time.
<p>
The advantage of the read-only flag is that it even works if
mutation depends on a condition, but it can be ensured that this
condition is never true. Furthermore, typing is much simpler (getting
subtyping correct can be annoying).<br>
<pre><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_header_ro"></a><a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">mime_header_ro</a> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
This is the read-only version of a MIME header.
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_header"></a><a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
A MIME header with both read and write method.
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_body_ro"></a><a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro.html">mime_body_ro</a> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
This is the read-only version of a MIME body.
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">class type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_body"></a><a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a> = <code class="code">object</code> <a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
A MIME body with both read and write method.
</div>
<br>
One can consider the pair <code class="code">(mime_header, mime_body)</code> as simple MIME
message with one header and one body. Of course, this simple representation
does not support multi-part messages (attachments). For that reason,
the <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code> was invented: The body can be further
structured as a sequence of parts that are complex messages themselves.
<p>
For example, a mail message with an attachment is usually
represented as
<pre><code class="code"> (mail_header, `Parts [ (main_header, `Body main_body);
(att_header, `Body att_body) ] ) </code></pre>
<p>
Here, <code class="code">mail_header</code> is the real header of the mail message.
<code class="code">main_header</code> is the header of the main message, usually
only containing the content type of <code class="code">main_body</code>, the body
of the main message. The attachment has also its own
<code class="code">att_header</code>, again usually only containing the content type,
and the data of the attachment can be found in <code class="code">att_body</code>.
<p>
Nowadays, mails have often even a more complicated structure
with <code class="code">`Parts</code> containing nested <code class="code">`Parts</code>. As <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code>
is recursive, any kind of nesting can be easily represented.<br>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEcomplex_mime_message"></a><code class="type"></code>complex_mime_message = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a> * <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_body">complex_mime_body</a></code> </pre>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEcomplex_mime_body"></a><code class="type"></code>complex_mime_body = <code class="type">[ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a> | `Parts of <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a> list ]</code> </pre>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEcomplex_mime_message_ro"></a><code class="type"></code>complex_mime_message_ro = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">mime_header_ro</a> * <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_body_ro">complex_mime_body_ro</a></code> </pre>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEcomplex_mime_body_ro"></a><code class="type"></code>complex_mime_body_ro = <code class="type">[ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro.html">mime_body_ro</a><br> | `Parts of <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message_ro">complex_mime_message_ro</a> list ]</code> </pre>
<div class="info">
The read-only view of a complex_mime_message<br>
</div>
<br>
Note: <code class="code">`Parts []</code>, i.e. <code class="code">`Parts</code> together with an empty list, is
considered as illegal. Such a value cannot be transformed into
printable text.<br>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_message"></a><code class="type"></code>mime_message = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a> * [ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a> ]</code> </pre>
<div class="info">
Simple MIME message, in a form that is compatible with complex
ones.<br>
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEmime_message_ro"></a><code class="type"></code>mime_message_ro = <code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">mime_header_ro</a> * [ `Body of <a href="Netmime.mime_body_ro.html">mime_body_ro</a> ]</code> </pre>
<div class="info">
Read-only variant of simple messages<br>
</div>
<br>
<a name="classes"></a>
<h1>Classes</h1><br>
<pre><span class="keyword">class</span> <a name="TYPEbasic_mime_header"></a><a href="Netmime.basic_mime_header.html">basic_mime_header</a> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> (string * string) list -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a></code></pre><div class="info">
An implementation of <code class="code">mime_header</code>.
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">class</span> <a name="TYPEmemory_mime_body"></a><a href="Netmime.memory_mime_body.html">memory_mime_body</a> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> string -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a></code></pre><div class="info">
An implementation of <code class="code">mime_body</code> where the value is stored
in-memory.
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">class</span> <a name="TYPEfile_mime_body"></a><a href="Netmime.file_mime_body.html">file_mime_body</a> : <code class="type">?ro:bool -> ?fin:bool -> string -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a></code></pre><div class="info">
An implementation of <code class="code">mime_body</code> where the value is stored
in an external file.
</div>
<br>
<a name="parsing"></a>
<h1>Parsing MIME messages</h1><br>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALread_mime_header"></a>read_mime_header : <code class="type">?unfold:bool -><br> ?strip:bool -> ?ro:bool -> <a href="Netstream.in_obj_stream.html">Netstream.in_obj_stream</a> -> <a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a></code></pre><div class="info">
Decodes the MIME header that begins at the current position of the
netstream, and returns the header as class <code class="code">basic_mime_header</code>.
After returning, the stream is advanced to the byte following the
empty line terminating the header.
<p>
Example: To read the header at the beginning of the file "f", use:
<pre><code class="code">
let ch = new Netchannels.input_channel (open_in "f") in
let stream = new Netstream.input_stream ch in
let h = read_mime_header stream in
...
stream#close_in(); (* no need to close ch *)
</code></pre>
<p>
Note that although the <code class="code">stream</code> position after parsing is exactly
known, the position of <code class="code">ch</code> cannot be predicted.
<p>
<br>
</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">unfold</code> : whether linefeeds are replaced by spaces in the values of the
header fields (Note: defaults to <code class="code">false</code> here in contrast to
<code class="code">Mimestring.scan_header</code>!)</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">strip</code> : whether whitespace at the beginning and at the end of the
header fields is stripped</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : whether the returned header is read-only (default: false)</div>
<br>
Hint: To write the header <code class="code">h</code> into the channel <code class="code">ch</code>, use
<pre><code class="code"> Mimestring.write_header ch h#fields </code></pre>
<p>
Link: <a href="Mimestring.html#VALwrite_header"><code class="code">Mimestring.write_header</code></a><br>
<pre><span class="keyword">type</span> <a name="TYPEmultipart_style"></a><code class="type"></code>multipart_style = <code class="type">[ `Deep | `Flat | `None ]</code> </pre>
<div class="info">
How to parse multipart messages:<ul>
<li><code class="code">`None</code>: Do not handle multipart messages specially. Multipart bodies
are not further decoded, and returned as <code class="code">`Body b</code> where <code class="code">b</code> is
the transfer-encoded text representation.</li>
<li><code class="code">`Flat</code>: If the top-level message is a multipart message, the parts
are separated and returned as list. If the parts are again multipart
messages, these inner multipart messages are not furher decoded
and returned as <code class="code">`Body b</code>.</li>
<li><code class="code">`Deep</code>: Multipart messages are recursively decoded and returned as
tree structure.</li>
</ul>
This value determines how far the <code class="code">complex_mime_message</code> structure
is created for a parsed MIME message. <code class="code">`None</code> means that no parts
are decoded, and messages have always only a simple <code class="code">`Body b</code>,
even if <code class="code">b</code> is in reality a multi-part body. With <code class="code">`Flat</code>, the
top-level multi-part bodies are decoded (if found), and messages
can have a structured <code class="code">`Parts [_, `Body b1; _, `Body b1; ...]</code>
body. Finally, <code class="code">`Deep</code> allows that inner multi-part bodies are
recursively decoded, and messages can have an arbitrarily complex
form.<br>
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALdecode_mime_body"></a>decode_mime_body : <code class="type">#<a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">mime_header_ro</a> -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">let ch' = decode_mime_body hdr ch</code>:
According to the value of the Content-transfer-encoding header field
in <code class="code">hdr</code> the encoded MIME body written to <code class="code">ch'</code> is decoded and transferred
to <code class="code">ch</code>.
<p>
Handles 7bit, 8bit, binary, quoted-printable, base64.
<p>
Example: The file "f" contains base64-encoded data, and is to be decoded
and to be stored in "g":
<p>
<pre><code class="code">
let ch_f = new Netchannels.input_channel (open_in "f") in
let ch_g = new Netchannels.output_channel (open_out "g") in
let hdr = new basic_mime_header ["content-transfer-encoding", "base64" ] in
let ch = decode_mime_body hdr ch_g in
ch # output_channel ch_f;
ch # close_out();
ch_g # close_out();
ch_f # close_in();
</code></pre>
<p>
Note: This function is internally used by <code class="code">read_mime_message</code> to
decode bodies. There is usually no need to call it directly.<br>
</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALstorage"></a>storage : <code class="type">?ro:bool -><br> ?fin:bool -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEstore">store</a> -> <a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a> * <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info">
Creates a new storage facility for a mime body according to <code class="code">store</code>.
This function can be used to build the <code class="code">storage_style</code> argument
of the class <code class="code">read_mime_message</code> (below). For example, this is
useful to store large attachments in external files, as in:
<p>
<pre><code class="code">
let storage_style hdr =
let filename = hdr ... (* extract from hdr *) in
storage (`File filename)
</code></pre>
<p>
<br>
</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : whether the returned mime_bodies are read-only or not. Note that
it is always possible to write into the body using the returned
out_obj_channel regardless of the value of ~ro.
Default: false</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">fin</code> : whether to finalize bodies stored in files.
Default: false</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALread_mime_message"></a>read_mime_message : <code class="type">?unfold:bool -><br> ?strip:bool -><br> ?ro:bool -><br> ?multipart_style:<a href="Netmime.html#TYPEmultipart_style">multipart_style</a> -><br> ?storage_style:(<a href="Netmime.mime_header.html">mime_header</a> -><br> <a href="Netmime.mime_body.html">mime_body</a> * <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a>) -><br> <a href="Netstream.in_obj_stream.html">Netstream.in_obj_stream</a> -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a></code></pre><div class="info">
Decodes the MIME message that begins at the current position of the
passed netstream. It is expected that the message continues until
EOF of the netstream.
<p>
Multipart messages are decoded as specified by <code class="code">multipart_style</code> (see
above).
<p>
Message bodies with content-transfer-encodings of 7bit, 8bit, binary,
base64, and quoted-printable can be processed. The bodies are stored
without content-transfer-encoding (i.e. in decoded form), but the
content-transfer-encoding header field is not removed from the header.
<p>
The <code class="code">storage_style</code> function determines where every message body is
stored. The corresponding header of the body is passed to the function
as argument; the result of the function is a pair of a new <code class="code">mime_body</code>
and an <code class="code">out_obj_channel</code> writing into this body. You can create such a
pair by calling <code class="code">storage</code> (above).
<p>
By default, the <code class="code">storage_style</code> is <code class="code">storage ?ro `Memory</code> for every header.
Here, the designator <code class="code">`Memory</code> means that the body will be stored in an
O'Caml string. The designator <code class="code">`File fn</code> would mean that the body will be stored in the
file <code class="code">fn</code>. The file would be created if it did not yet exist, and
it would be overwritten if it did already exist.
<p>
Note that the <code class="code">storage_style</code> function is called for every non-multipart
body part.
<p>
Large message bodies (> maximum string length) are supported if the
bodies are stored in files. The memory consumption is optimized for
this case, and usually only a small constant amount of memory is needed.
<p>
Example:
<p>
Parse the MIME message stored in the file f:
<p>
<pre><code class="code"> let m = read_mime_message
(new input_stream (new input_channel (open_in f)))
</code></pre>
<p>
<br>
</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">unfold</code> : whether linefeeds are replaced by spaces in the values of the
header fields (Note: defaults to <code class="code">false</code> here in contrast to
<a href="Mimestring.html#VALscan_header"><code class="code">Mimestring.scan_header</code></a>!)</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">strip</code> : whether whitespace at the beginning and at the end of the
header fields is stripped</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">ro</code> : Whether the created MIME headers are read-only or not. Furthermore,
the default <code class="code">storage_style</code> uses this parameter for the MIME bodies, too.
However, the MIME bodies may have a different read-only flag in general.</div>
<br>
<a name="printing"></a>
<h1>Printing MIME Messages</h1><br>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALencode_mime_body"></a>encode_mime_body : <code class="type">?crlf:bool -><br> #<a href="Netmime.mime_header_ro.html">mime_header_ro</a> -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a></code></pre><div class="info">
<code class="code">let ch' = encode_mime_body hdr ch</code>:
According to the value of the Content-transfer-encoding header field
in <code class="code">hdr</code> the unencoded MIME body written to ch' is encoded and transferred
to ch.
<p>
Handles 7bit, 8bit, binary, quoted-printable, base64.
<p>
For an example, see <code class="code">decode_mime_body</code> which works in a similar way
but performs decoding instead of encoding.
<p>
<br>
</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">crlf</code> : if set (this is by default the case) CR/LF will be used for
end-of-line (eol) termination, if not set LF will be used. For 7bit, 8bit and
binary encoding the existing eol delimiters are not rewritten, so this option
has only an effect for quoted-printable and base64.</div>
<pre><span class="keyword">val</span> <a name="VALwrite_mime_message"></a>write_mime_message : <code class="type">?wr_header:bool -><br> ?wr_body:bool -><br> ?nr:int -><br> ?ret_boundary:string Pervasives.ref -><br> ?crlf:bool -><br> <a href="Netchannels.out_obj_channel.html">Netchannels.out_obj_channel</a> -> <a href="Netmime.html#TYPEcomplex_mime_message">complex_mime_message</a> -> unit</code></pre><div class="info">
Writes the MIME message to the output channel. The content-transfer-
encoding of the leaves is respected, and their bodies are encoded
accordingly. The content-transfer-encoding of multipart messages is
always "fixed", i.e. set to "7bit", "8bit", or "binary" depending
on the contents.
<p>
The function fails if multipart messages do not have a multipart
content type field (i.e. the content type does not begin with "multipart").
If only the boundary parameter is missing, a good boundary parameter is
added to the content type. "Good" means here that it is impossible
that the boundary string occurs in the message body if the
content-transfer-encoding is quoted-printable or base64, and that
such an occurrence is very unlikely if the body is not encoded.
If the whole content type field is missing, a "multipart/mixed" type
with a boundary parameter is added to the printed header.
<p>
Note that already existing boundaries are used, no matter whether
they are of good quality or not.
<p>
No other header fields are added, deleted or modified. The mentioned
modifications are _not_ written back to the passed MIME message but
only added to the generated message text.
<p>
It is possible in some cases that the boundary does not work (both
the existing boundary, and the added boundary). This causes that a wrong
and unparseable MIME message is written. In order to ensure a correct
MIME message, it is recommended to parse the written text, and to compare
the structure of the message trees. It is, however, very unlikely that
a problem arises.
<p>
Note that if the passed message is a simple message like (_,`Body _),
and if no content-transfer-encoding is set, the written message might
not end with a linefeed character.
<p>
<br>
</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">wr_header</code> : If true, the outermost header is written. Inner headers
of the message parts are written unless ~wr_body=false.</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">wr_body</code> : If true, the body of the whole message is written; if false,
no body is written at all.</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">nr</code> : This argument sets the counter that is included in generated
boundaries to a certain minimum value.</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">ret_boundary</code> : if passed, the boundary of the outermost multipart
message is written to this reference. (Internally used.)</div>
<div class="param_info"><code class="code">crlf</code> : if set (this is by default the case) CR/LF will be used for
end-of-line (eol) termination, if not set LF will be used. The eol
separator is used for the header, the multipart framing, and for
bodies encoded as quoted-printable or base64. Other eol separators are
left untouched.</div>
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