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<link title="Get" rel="Chapter" href="Get.html"><title>Ocamlnet 4 Reference Manual : Netmech_spnego_http</title>
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<h1>Module <a href="type_Netmech_spnego_http.html">Netmech_spnego_http</a></h1>
<pre><span id="MODULENetmech_spnego_http"><span class="keyword">module</span> Netmech_spnego_http</span>: <code class="code">sig</code> <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info module top">
<div class="info-desc">
<p>SPNEGO (GSSAPI) authentication for HTTP</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr width="100%">
<p>This module enables the <code class="code">Negotiate</code> authentication method for HTTP,
which is an encapsulation of the SPNEGO protocol. SPNEGO in turn is
a layer on top of GSSAPI, and adds mechanism negotiation.</p>
<p>This is the usual way of kerberizing HTTP.</p>
<p>This implementation of the <code class="code">Negotiate</code> method requires a HTTPS connection
by default. Running it over unencrypted HTTP would be possible, but we
don't do it because the additional security can be easily lost. In
particular, a man-in-the-middle could steal credentials, or he could
run a downgrade attack on the authentication method (and replace it by e.g.
"basic").</p>
<p>The <code class="code">Negotiate</code> authentication method is somewhat special because it
implicitly authenticates the whole connection, and not only a single
message. At least this is what MS Windows implements, the reference
implementation of this authentication method. Other implementations
nevertheless require per-message authentication, e.g. Apache's
mod_auth_kerb. Both behaviors are basically compatible to each other
if implemented with some care.</p>
<p>In order to keep authenticated messages somewhat separate, this client
only submits requests bearing <code class="code">Negotiate</code> headers on TCP connections that
have been specially created for this purpose. Basically, the authenticated
communication with the server is seen as a separate transport subsystem.
The flow of requests/responses is as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>A fresh HTTP request does not carry any authentication data.
Because of this, it is sent over the normal transports to the server.</li>
<li>The server replies with a 401 response and an SPNEGO token.</li>
<li>The client authenticates the request (usually this is a one step
action)</li>
<li>The authenticated request cannot be sent over the existing TCP
connection. A second connection is created which will be used for
authenticated requests only.</li>
<li>The request is sent over this connection.</li>
<li>The server responds with content data</li>
</ul>
<p>This way we can be sure that requests are handled normally that either
need not to be authenticated at all, or that are authenticated with
different methods.</p>
<p>Technically, the route of the HTTP request depends on the <code class="code">transport_layer</code>
ID. As long as the HTTP request has an ID of
<a href="Nethttp_client.html#VALhttps_trans_id"><code class="code">Nethttp_client.https_trans_id</code></a>, it will go over the normal transports.
If the ID changes to <a href="Nethttp_client.html#VALspnego_trans_id"><code class="code">Nethttp_client.spnego_trans_id</code></a>, the separate
transports for SPNEGO are used.</p>
<p>If it is already known that the HTTP request needs to be authenticated
with SPNEGO, the authentication protocol can be abbreviated by directly
switching to <a href="Nethttp_client.html#VALspnego_trans_id"><code class="code">Nethttp_client.spnego_trans_id</code></a>:</p>
<pre class="codepre"><code class="code">c # set_transport_layer Nethttp_client.spnego_trans_id
</code></pre>
<p>The effect is that only one request/response cycle is needed to process
the request <code class="code">c</code> (except it is the very first request).</p>
<p>Although GSSAPI mechanisms, and in particular Kerberos often do not
require a password, you need to set up a "key" object. User and
password of this key are ignored. The realm, however, must be set to
the fixed string "SPNEGO" (and <b>not</b> to the Kerberos realm).
A full example how to use this method:</p>
<pre class="codepre"><code class="code">module A =
Netmech_spnego_http.SPNEGO(Netmech_spnego_http.Default)(Netgss.System)
let keys = new Nethttp_client.key_ring ()
let () =
keys # add_key (key ~user:"" ~password:"" ~realm:"SPNEGO" ~domain:[])
let a =
new Nethttp_client.generic_auth_handler
keys [ (module A : Nethttp.HTTP_MECHANISM) ]
let p = new Nethttp_client.pipeline
let () =
p # add_auth_handler a
let c = new Nethttp_client.get "https://gps.dynxs.de/krb/"
let () =
p # add c;
p # run()
</code></pre>
<p>At the moment, this authentication protocol cannot be configured, so
you always get the default behaviour of GSSAPI.</p>
<p><b>Statefulness:</b></p>
<p>The GSSAPI is stateful. Our HTTP authentication interface is stateless.
We cannot hide
the statefulness of the GSSAPI, and because of this old versions of
sessions are invalidated. E.g. this does not work</p>
<pre class="codepre"><code class="code">let s1 = A.client_emit_resonse s0 m1 uri1 hdr1
let s2 = A.client_emit_resonse s0 m2 uri2 hdr2
</code></pre>
<p>and the second attempt to continue with the old session <code class="code">s0</code> will fail.</p>
<pre><span id="MODULETYPEPROFILE"><span class="keyword">module type</span> <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.PROFILE.html">PROFILE</a></span> = <code class="code">sig</code> <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.PROFILE.html">..</a> <code class="code">end</code></pre><div class="info">
<p>Configure <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.html"><code class="code">Netmech_spnego_http</code></a></p>
</div>
<pre><span id="MODULEDefault"><span class="keyword">module</span> <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.Default.html">Default</a></span>: <code class="type"><a href="Netmech_spnego_http.PROFILE.html">PROFILE</a></code><code class="type"> </code></pre><div class="info">
<p>The default profile for <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.html"><code class="code">Netmech_spnego_http</code></a>: Use <code class="code">spnego_trans_id</code> for
the https transport, and reject any unencrypted transport (empty list).</p>
</div>
<pre><span id="MODULESPNEGO"><span class="keyword">module</span> <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.SPNEGO.html">SPNEGO</a></span>: <div class="sig_block"><code class="code">functor (</code><code class="code">P</code><code class="code"> : </code><code class="type"><a href="Netmech_spnego_http.PROFILE.html">PROFILE</a></code><code class="code">) -> </code><div class="sig_block"><code class="code">functor (</code><code class="code">G</code><code class="code"> : </code><code class="type"><a href="Netsys_gssapi.GSSAPI.html">Netsys_gssapi.GSSAPI</a></code><code class="code">) -> </code><code class="type"><a href="Nethttp.HTTP_CLIENT_MECHANISM.html">Nethttp.HTTP_CLIENT_MECHANISM</a></code><code class="type"> </code></div></div></pre><div class="info">
<p>The SPNEGO mechanism for HTTP, see <a href="Netmech_spnego_http.html"><code class="code">Netmech_spnego_http</code></a></p>
</div>
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