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<body lang="en">
<div class="top-level-extent" id="Top">
<h1 class="top" id="Introduction">Introduction</h1>
<p>The Audio toolkit is a set of functions for manipulating MIDI devices and files for GNU Octave
</p>
<div class="element-contents" id="SEC_Contents">
<h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-Installing-and-loading-1" href="#Installing-and-loading">1 Installing and loading</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-Windows-install" href="#Windows-install">1.1 Windows install</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Online-Direct-install" href="#Online-Direct-install">1.2 Online Direct install</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Off_002dline-install" href="#Off_002dline-install">1.3 Off-line install</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Loading" href="#Loading">1.4 Loading</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Basic-Usage-Overview-1" href="#Basic-Usage-Overview">2 Basic Usage Overview</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-Conversion-Functionality" href="#Conversion-Functionality">2.1 Conversion Functionality</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Waveform-Generation-1" href="#Waveform-Generation-1">2.2 Waveform Generation</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-MIDI-Functionality" href="#MIDI-Functionality">2.3 MIDI Functionality</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Function-Reference-1" href="#Function-Reference">3 Function Reference</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-MIDI-Device-Interface-1" href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">3.1 MIDI Device Interface</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-_0040octave_005fmidi_002fhasdata" href="#g_t_0040octave_005fmidi_002fhasdata">3.1.1 @octave_midi/hasdata</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-mididevice" href="#mididevice">3.1.2 mididevice</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-mididevinfo" href="#mididevinfo">3.1.3 mididevinfo</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midiflush" href="#midiflush">3.1.4 midiflush</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midimsg" href="#midimsg">3.1.5 midimsg</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midireceive" href="#midireceive">3.1.6 midireceive</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midisend" href="#midisend">3.1.7 midisend</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-MIDI-Controller-Interface-1" href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">3.2 MIDI Controller Interface</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-midicallback" href="#midicallback">3.2.1 midicallback</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midicontrols" href="#midicontrols">3.2.2 midicontrols</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midiid" href="#midiid">3.2.3 midiid</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midiread" href="#midiread">3.2.4 midiread</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midisync" href="#midisync">3.2.5 midisync</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-MIDI-File-I_002fO-1" href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">3.3 MIDI File I/O</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-ismidifile" href="#ismidifile">3.3.1 ismidifile</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midifileinfo" href="#midifileinfo">3.3.2 midifileinfo</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midifileread" href="#midifileread">3.3.3 midifileread</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-midifilewrite" href="#midifilewrite">3.3.4 midifilewrite</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Enumerations-1" href="#Enumerations">3.4 Enumerations</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-midimsgtype" href="#midimsgtype">3.4.1 midimsgtype</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Waveform-Generation-2" href="#Waveform-Generation">3.5 Waveform Generation</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-audioOscillator" href="#audioOscillator">3.5.1 audioOscillator</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-Domain-Conversion-1" href="#Domain-Conversion">3.6 Domain Conversion</a>
<ul class="toc-numbered-mark">
<li><a id="toc-bark2hz" href="#bark2hz">3.6.1 bark2hz</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-erb2hz" href="#erb2hz">3.6.2 erb2hz</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-hz2bark" href="#hz2bark">3.6.3 hz2bark</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-hz2erb" href="#hz2erb">3.6.4 hz2erb</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-hz2mel" href="#hz2mel">3.6.5 hz2mel</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-mel2hz" href="#mel2hz">3.6.6 mel2hz</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-phon2sone" href="#phon2sone">3.6.7 phon2sone</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-sone2phon" href="#sone2phon">3.6.8 sone2phon</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a id="toc-GNU-General-Public-License" href="#Copying">Appendix A GNU General Public License</a></li>
<li><a id="toc-Index-1" href="#Index" rel="index">Index</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Installing-and-loading">
<h2 class="chapter" id="Installing-and-loading-1">1 Installing and loading</h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Installing-and-loading"></a>
<p>The Audio toolkit must be installed and then loaded to be used.
</p>
<p>It can be installed in <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave directly from octave-forge,
or can be installed in an off-line mode via a downloaded tarball.
</p>
<p>The toolkit has a dependency on the RTMIDI library (<a class="url" href="https://github.com/thestk/rtmidi">https://github.com/thestk/rtmidi</a>), so it must be installed in order
to successfully install the toolkit.
</p>
<p>For Fedora: <code class="code">yum install rtmidi-devel</code>
</p>
<p>For Ubuntu: <code class="code">apt install librtmidi-dev</code>
</p>
<p>The toolkit must be then be loaded once per each <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave session in order to use its functionality.
</p>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Windows-install">
<h3 class="section">1.1 Windows install</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Windows-install"></a>
<p>If running in Windows, the package may already be installed, to check run:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">pkg list audio
</pre></div>
<p>Otherwise it can be installed by installing the requirements and then using the online or offline install method.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Online-Direct-install">
<h3 class="section">1.2 Online Direct install</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Online-install"></a>
<p>With an internet connection available, the Audio package can be installed from
octave-forge using the following command within <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">pkg install -forge audio
</pre></div>
<p>The latest released version of the toolkit will be downloaded and installed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Off_002dline-install">
<h3 class="section">1.3 Off-line install</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Off_002dline-install"></a>
<p>With the Audio toolkit package already downloaded, and in the current directory when running
<abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave, the package can be installed using the following command within <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">pkg install audio-2.0.9.tar.gz
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Loading">
<h3 class="section">1.4 Loading</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Loading"></a>
<p>Regardless of the method of installing the Audio toolkit, in order to use its functions,
the toolkit must be loaded using the pkg load command:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">pkg load audio
</pre></div>
<p>The toolkit must be loaded on each <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave session.
</p>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Basic-Usage-Overview">
<h2 class="chapter" id="Basic-Usage-Overview-1">2 Basic Usage Overview</h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Basic-Usage-Overview"></a>
<p>The Audio package must be loaded each time a <abbr class="acronym">GNU</abbr> Octave session is started:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">pkg load audio
</pre></div>
<p>An overview of the package can be displayed by running <code class="code">help audio</code>
</p>
<p>Help for each function can be displayed by <code class="code">help thefunctionname</code>
</p>
<p>ie:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">help mididevice
</pre></div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Conversion-Functionality">
<h3 class="section">2.1 Conversion Functionality</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Conversion-Functionality"></a>
<p>The following functions are available to convert between audio domains:
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>hz2erb, erb2hz</dt>
<dd><p>Conversion between hz and equivalent rectangular bandwidths (ERP) frequency scales
</p></dd>
<dt>hz2mel, mel2hz</dt>
<dd><p>Conversion between hz and equivalent mel frequency scales
</p></dd>
<dt>hz2bark, bark2hz</dt>
<dd><p>Conversion between hz and equivalent bark frequency scales
</p></dd>
<dt>phon2sone, sone2phone</dt>
<dd><p>Conversion between sone and phon loudness scales
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Waveform-Generation-1">
<h3 class="section">2.2 Waveform Generation</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Waveform-Generation"></a>
<p>The <code class="code">audioOscillator</code> function provides a method of creating a waveform generator for sine,
square and sawtooth waveforms.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">% create a sawtooth audio generator
osc = audioOscillator("sawtooth");
% get a frame of data
data = osc();
% plot the data
plot(data);
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="MIDI-Functionality">
<h3 class="section">2.3 MIDI Functionality</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MIDI-Functionality"></a>
<p>The Audio toolkit provides 3 main types of MIDI functionality:
</p>
<dl class="table">
<dt>Device functions</dt>
<dd><p>These are functions that directly allow opening, sending and receiving MIDI messages.
</p></dd>
<dt>Controller functions</dt>
<dd><p>Functions that provide a layer on top of the device functions for using MIDI controls.
</p></dd>
<dt>File functions</dt>
<dd><p>Basic functions that allow read and write of MIDI files.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>To read and write to a MIDI device, a MIDI device object must be created, using the name or id
of a known MIDI device as provided by the mididevinfo function.
</p>
<p>MIDI devices can then be read using the midisend and midireceive functions that use midimsg type to encapsulate the MIDI data.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">% list the midi devices
devs = mididevinfo
% open a midi device, specifying the first input and output MIDI device
dev = mididevice("input", devs.input{1}.ID, "output", devs.output{1}.ID)
% receive data and echo it through the output port
while true
msg = midireceive(dev, 1);
if !isempty(msg)
midisend(msg);
endif
endwhile
</pre></div>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="chapter-level-extent" id="Function-Reference">
<h2 class="chapter" id="Function-Reference-1">3 Function Reference</h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Function-Reference"></a>
<p>The functions currently available in the Audio toolkit are described below:
</p>
<hr>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="MIDI-Device-Interface">
<h3 class="section" id="MIDI-Device-Interface-1">3.1 MIDI Device Interface</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MIDI-Device-Interface"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="g_t_0040octave_005fmidi_002fhasdata">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.1 @octave_midi/hasdata</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hasdata"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-hasdata-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">tf</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">hasdata</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Return whether there is data available to read
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">dev</var> - a octave midi device opened using mididevice.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">tf</var> - true if device has data available to read<br>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevice.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="mididevice">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.2 mididevice</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mididevice"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-mididevice-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">dev</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">mididevice</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">mididev</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-mididevice-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">dev</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">mididevice</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">mididir</var>, <var class="var">mididev</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-mididevice-3"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">dev</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">mididevice</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("input", <var class="var">midiindev</var>, "output", <var class="var">midioutdev</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Create a midi device using the input parameters.
</p>
<p>When a single device name or id is provided, attempt to create the midi device using the same name for both input and output.
</p>
<p>Otherwise, use the name or device id for the given input or output direction.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-1">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">mididev</var> - name or id of device to load.<br>
<var class="var">mididir</var> - midi direction of "input" or "output"<br>
<var class="var">midiindev</var> - midi input name or id<br>
<var class="var">midioutdev</var> - midi output name or id
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-1">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">dev</var> - octave_midi class for opened device
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Properties">Properties</h4>
<p><var class="var">Input</var> - Input device name (read only).<br>
<var class="var">Output</var> - Output device name (read only).<br>
<var class="var">InputID</var> - Input device id (read only).<br>
<var class="var">OutputID</var> - Output device id (read only).<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples">Examples</h4>
<p>Open midi device with ID of 0.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="command">></code> dev = mididevice(0);
mididevice connected to
input: "SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0" (1)
output: "SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0" (0)
</pre></div>
<p>Open a named midi device:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="command">></code> dev = mididevice("SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0");
mididevice connected to
input: "SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0" (1)
output: "SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0" (0)
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevinfo.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="mididevinfo">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.3 mididevinfo</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mididevinfo"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-mididevinfo-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">devlist</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">mididevinfo</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-mididevinfo-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">mididevinfo</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code></dt>
<dd><p>Retrieve the midi devices detected within the system.
</p>
<p>The list will be stored with variable <var class="var">devlist</var> as either a input or output device.
If no output variable is provided, the devices will be displayed.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-2">Inputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-2">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">devlist</var> - a structure containing the midi device information
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-1">Examples</h4>
<p>Display the known devices of the system.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="command">></code> mididevinfo
MIDI devices available
ID Direction Interface Name
0 output Alsa Midi Through:Midi Through Port-0 14:0
1 output Alsa Ensoniq AudioPCI:ES1371 16:0
2 output Alsa SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0
3 input Alsa Midi Through:Midi Through Port-0 14:0
4 input Alsa Ensoniq AudioPCI:ES1371 16:0
5 input Alsa SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0
</pre></div>
<p>Assign variable <var class="var">mididevices</var> with the values from the known devices
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="command">></code> mididevices = mididevinfo
mididevices =
scalar structure containing the fields:
input =
{
[1,1] =
scalar structure containing the fields:
Name = SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0
Interface = Alsa
ID = 0
}
output =
{
[1,1] =
scalar structure containing the fields:
Name = SparkFun Pro Micro:SparkFun Pro Micro MIDI 1 20:0
Interface = Alsa
ID = 1
}
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevice.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midiflush">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.4 midiflush</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midiflush"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midiflush-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midiflush</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Flush the receive buffers on a midi device
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-3">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">dev</var> - midi device opened using mididevice<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-3">Outputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-2">Examples</h4>
<p>Flush a midi device
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> midiflush(dev);
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevice, midireceive.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midimsg">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.5 midimsg</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midimsg"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(0)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">type</var> ....)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-3"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("note", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">note</var>, <var class="var">velocity</var>, <var class="var">duration</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-4"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("noteon", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">note</var>, <var class="var">velocity</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-5"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("noteoff", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">note</var>, <var class="var">velocity</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-6"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("programchange", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">prog</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-7"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("controlchange", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">ccnum</var>, <var class="var">ccval</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-8"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("polykeypressure", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">note</var>, <var class="var">keypressure</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-9"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("channelpressure", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">chanpressure</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-10"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("localcontrol", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">localcontrol</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-11"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("pitchbend", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">pitchchange</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-12"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("polyon", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-13"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("monoon", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">monochannels</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-14"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("omnion", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-15"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("omnioff", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-16"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("allsoundoff", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-17"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("allnotesoff", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-18"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("resetallcontrollers", <var class="var">channel</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-19"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("start", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-20"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("stop", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-21"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("continue", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-22"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("systemreset", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-23"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("activesensing", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-24"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("timingclock", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-25"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("systemexclusive", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-26"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("systemexclusive", <var class="var">bytes</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-27"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("eox", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-28"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("data", <var class="var">bytes</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-29"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("songselect", <var class="var">song</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-30"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("songpositionpointer", <var class="var">songposition</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-31"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("tunerequest", <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midimsg-32"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midimsg</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">("miditimecodequarterframe", <var class="var">timeseq</var>, <var class="var">timevalue</var>, <var class="var">timestamp</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Create a midimsg object
</p>
<p>If the input parameter is 0, create an empty midi message object
Otherwise the first variable is the type of message to create, followed by the additional
parameters for the message.
</p>
<p>For each message type, the timestamp value is optional.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-4">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">type</var> - string message type or a midimsgtype.<br>
<var class="var">timestamp</var> - optional seconds time stamp for the event<br>
<var class="var">channel</var> - the channel to use for the message (1..16)<br>
<var class="var">note</var> - the value of the note to play/stop<br>
<var class="var">velocity</var> - the velocity value for a note on/off, with 0 stopping a note from sounding.<br>
<var class="var">duration</var> - seconds between starting and stopping a note when created a ’note’ message.<br>
<var class="var">prog</var> - program number when doing a program change message.<br>
<var class="var">ccnum</var> - control change control number.<br>
<var class="var">ccval</var> - control change control value.<br>
<var class="var">keypressure</var> - key pressure value when creating a key pressure message.<br>
<var class="var">chanpressure</var> - channel pressure value when creating a channelpressure message.<br>
<var class="var">pitchchange</var> - pitch change value when creating a pitch bend message.<br>
<var class="var">localcontrol</var> - boolean value when creating a localcontrol message.<br>
<var class="var">monochannels</var> - channels specified for a mono on message.<br>
<var class="var">bytes</var> - array of data in range of 0 to 127 specified as part of a data message or
system exclusive message.<br>
<var class="var">song</var> - song selection number for a song selection message.<br>
<var class="var">songposition</var> - song position value for a song position message.<br>
<var class="var">timeseq</var> - timecode sequence number for a miditimecodequarterframe message.<br>
<var class="var">timevalue</var> - timecode value number for a miditimecodequarterframe message.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-4">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">msg</var> - a midimsg object containing the midi data of the message
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Properties-1">Properties</h4>
<p><var class="var">timestamp</var> - timestamp of the message, or an array or timestamps if the the message is a
compound message.<br>
<var class="var">msgbytes</var> - the raw message bytes that make up the MIDI message.<br>
<var class="var">nummsgbytes</var> - the number of message bytes that make up the MIDI message.<br>
<var class="var">type</var> - string or midimsgtype that represents the message type.<br>
<var class="var">channel</var> - the channel number for message.<br>
<var class="var">note</var> - the note value for message (Only valid for noteon/off and polykeypressure).<br>
<var class="var">velocity</var> - the velocity value for message (Only valid for noteon/off).<br>
<var class="var">keypressure</var> - the keypressure value for message (Only valid for polykeypressure).<br>
<var class="var">channelpressure</var> - the chanpressure value for message (Only valid for channelpressure).<br>
<var class="var">localcontrol</var> - the localcontrol value for message (Only valid for localcontrol messages).<br>
<var class="var">monochannels</var> - channels specified for a mono on message.<br>
<var class="var">program</var> - program number specified for a program change message.<br>
<var class="var">ccnumber</var> - control change number specified for a control change message.<br>
<var class="var">ccvalue</var> - control change value specified for a control change message.<br>
<var class="var">song</var> - song number for a song selection message.<br>
<var class="var">songposition</var> - song position value for a song position message.<br>
<var class="var">pitchchange</var> - pitch change value for a pitch bend message.<br>
<var class="var">timecodesequence</var> - timecode sequence number for a miditimecodequarterframe message.<br>
<var class="var">timecodevalue</var> - timecode value number for a miditimecodequarterframe message.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-3">Examples</h4>
<p>Create a note on/off pair with a duration of 1.5 seconds
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> msg = midimsg('note', 1, 60, 100, 1.5)
</pre></div>
<p>Create a separate note on/off pair with a time between them of 1.5 seconds
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> msg = [midimsg('noteon', 1, 60, 100, 0), midimsg('noteoff', 1, 60, 0, 1.5)]
</pre></div>
<p>Create a system reset message
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> msg = midimsg('systemreset')
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midifileread, midisend, midireceive, midimsgtype.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midireceive">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.6 midireceive</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midireceive"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midireceive-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">midimsg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midireceive</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midireceive-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">midimsg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midireceive</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>, <var class="var">maxmsg</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Attempt to receive midi messages from a midi device.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-5">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">dev</var> - a octave midi device opened using mididevice.<br>
<var class="var">maxmsg</var> - Maximum number of messages to retrieve. If not specified, the function will attempt to get all pending.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-5">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">midimsg</var> - a midimsg containing the messages retrieved from the device.<br>
If no messages are available, <var class="var">midimsg</var> will be empty.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-4">Examples</h4>
<p>Open device 0, and poll and display read messages
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> dev = mididevice(0);
while true
mx = midireceive(dev);
if !isempty(mx)
% display message
mx
endif
endwhile
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevice, midisend.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midisend">
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.7 midisend</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midisend"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midisend-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midisend</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>, <var class="var">msg</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midisend-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midisend</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">dev</var>, ...)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Send a midimsg to a midi device
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-6">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">dev</var> - midi device opened using mididevice<br>
<var class="var">msg</var> - a midi message class with messages to send to the midi device<br>
If the msg isn’t a midimsg class, the input data is expected to be in same format as the inputs to a midimsg object.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-6">Outputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-5">Examples</h4>
<p>Send a note on/off command to a opened midi device <var class="var">dev</var>
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> midisend(dev, midimsg("note", 1, 60, 100, 2.0));
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midimsg, mididevice, midireceive.
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="MIDI-Controller-Interface">
<h3 class="section" id="MIDI-Controller-Interface-1">3.2 MIDI Controller Interface</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MIDI-Controller-Interface"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midicallback">
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 midicallback</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midicallback"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midicallback-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">oldhandle</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicallback</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>, <var class="var">functionHandle</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midicallback-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">oldhandle</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicallback</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>, [])</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midicallback-3"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">currhandle</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicallback</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Get, set or clear the midicontrol object callback.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-7">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">midicontrolObj</var> - control object created using midicontrols.
</p>
<p><var class="var">functionHandle</var> - function handle to set for call back. If it is [],
the callback function will be cleared.
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">NOTE</strong>: currently anonymous functions will not work.
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">NOTE</strong>: callbacks should be cleared before losing all references to the midicontrols
object.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-7">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">oldhandle</var> The previously set midicallback function handle when setting a new callback.
</p>
<p><var class="var">currhandle</var> The current set midicallback function handle.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-6">Examples</h4>
<p>Set a callback on a midicontrols object
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
function dispCallback(ctrl),disp(midiread(ctrl)),endfunction;
midicallback(ctrl, @dispCallback);
</pre></div>
<p>Clear the callback on a midicontrols object
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
midicallback(ctrl, []);
</pre></div>
<p>Get the current callback on a midicontrols object
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
cb = midicallback(ctrl);
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midicontrols, midisync, midiread.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midicontrols">
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 midicontrols</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midicontrols"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midicontrols-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicontrols</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midicontrols-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicontrols</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">ctrlid</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midicontrols-3"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicontrols</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">ctrlid</var>, <var class="var">initialvalues</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midicontrols-4"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midicontrols</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(__, <var class="var">propertyname</var>, <var class="var">propertyvalue</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Create a midi controls object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-8">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">ctrlid</var> - single control id or array of control ids to monitor, or [] to use any controller.<br>
<var class="var">initialvalues</var> - initial values to use for controls. It should be the same size as <var class="var">ctrlid</var><br>
<var class="var">propertyname</var>, <var class="var">propertyvalue</var> - properties to set on the controller. If a device is not specified
the value from getpref("midi", "DefaultDevice", 0) will be used.<br>
</p>
<p>Known properties are:
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>mididevice</dt>
<dd><p>name of the mididevice to monitor.
</p></dd>
<dt>outputmode</dt>
<dd><p>the scaling mode for values: ’rawmidi’ will return values between 0 .. 127,
’normalized’ will use values between 0 .. 1.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-8">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">obj</var> - returns a midicontrols object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-7">Examples</h4>
<p>Create a midicontrols object monitoring control id 2001 on the default midi device
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
</pre></div>
<p>Create a midicontrols object monitoring control id 2001 on a a non default device
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001, 'mididevice', 1)
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midiread, midisync.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midiid">
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.3 midiid</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midiid"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midiid-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type">[<var class="var">ctrlid</var>, <var class="var">dev</var>] =</code> <strong class="def-name">midiid</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code></dt>
<dd><p>Scan for control messages from midi devices to get the id of the device
</p>
<p>Function will display a prompt for the user to move the midi control and return when
a control messages is detected or ctrl-C is pressed.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-9">Inputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-9">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">ctrlid</var> - control id made from the controller channel * 1000 + controller number.<br>
<var class="var">dev</var> = name of the midi device the controller was detected on.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-8">Examples</h4>
<p>Monitor midi devices for first moving controller
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> [ctrlid, devname] = midiid()
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mididevinfo, midicontrols.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midiread">
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.4 midiread</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midiread"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midiread-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">val</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midiread</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Read current values of midi controls
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-10">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">midicontrolObj</var> - control object created using midicontrols<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-10">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">val</var> single value or array of current values from the midi device.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-9">Examples</h4>
<p>Read current value of midicontrols with a ctrlid 2001 on the default midi device.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
val = midiread(ctrl);
</pre></div>
<p>Read current value of midicontrols with a ctrlid 2001 on a non default midi device.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001, 'mididevice', 1)
val = midiread(ctrl);
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midicontrols, midisync.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midisync">
<h4 class="subsection">3.2.5 midisync</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midisync"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midisync-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midisync</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midisync-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midisync</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">midicontrolsObj</var>, <var class="var">ctrlvalues</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Send the values of control object to the control, using <var class="var">ctrlvalues</var> values
if specified instead
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-11">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">midicontrolObj</var> - control object created using midicontrols<br>
<var class="var">ctrlvalues</var> - values to send to the controls instead of initial values
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-11">Outputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-10">Examples</h4>
<p>Send sync command to a midicontrols with a ctrlid 2001 to set a value of 1
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> ctrl = midicontrols(2001)
midisync(ctrl, 1);
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midicontrols.
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="MIDI-File-I_002fO">
<h3 class="section" id="MIDI-File-I_002fO-1">3.3 MIDI File I/O</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-MIDI-File-I_002fO"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="ismidifile">
<h4 class="subsection">3.3.1 ismidifile</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ismidifile"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-ismidifile-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">ismidi</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">ismidifile</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">filename</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Check if <var class="var">filename</var> is a midi file.
</p>
<p>The function only checks whether it is an existing file and the
file starts with a valid ’MThd’ header.
</p>
<p>Non existing files, or files that do not meet the header criteria will return false.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-12">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">filename</var> - filename of file to check.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-12">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">ismidi</var> - true if it is a midi file, false otherwise
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midifileread, midifilewrite.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midifileinfo">
<h4 class="subsection">3.3.2 midifileinfo</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midifileinfo"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midifileinfo-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">info</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midifileinfo</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">filename</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Read MIDI file and display information about the tracks and data
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-13">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">filename</var> - filename of file to open.<br>
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-13">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">info</var> - structure of the midi file data
with the following fields:<br>
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>filename</dt>
<dd><p>the name of the file
</p></dd>
<dt>header</dt>
<dd><p>The header block information
</p></dd>
<dt>track</dt>
<dd><p>An array of tracks read from the file
</p></dd>
<dt>other</dt>
<dd><p>An array of non-track midi blocks read from the file
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midifileread.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midifileread">
<h4 class="subsection">3.3.3 midifileread</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midifileread"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midifileread-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">msg</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">midifileread</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">filename</var>, [propertyname, propertyvalue …])</code></dt>
<dd><p>Read MIDI file into a midimsg
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-14">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">filename</var> - filename of file to open.<br>
<var class="var">propertyname</var>, <var class="var">properyvalue</var> - optional propertyname/value pairs.<br>
</p>
<p>Known property values are:
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>includemetaevents</dt>
<dd><p>A True/False value to include MetaEvents in the out message list.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-14">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">msg</var> - a midimsg struct containing the messages read from the file<br>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midifileinfo, midimsg.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midifilewrite">
<h4 class="subsection">3.3.4 midifilewrite</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midifilewrite"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midifilewrite-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midifilewrite</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">filename</var>, <var class="var">msgs</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-midifilewrite-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midifilewrite</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">filename</var>, <var class="var">msgs</var>, <var class="var">optionname</var>, <var class="var">optionvalue</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Write a midifile
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-15">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">filename</var> - filename of file to open.<br>
<var class="var">msg</var> - a midimsg struct or a cell array of midimsg containing data to write to file<br>
<var class="var">optionname</var>, <var class="var">optionvalue</var> - option value/name pairs<br>
</p>
<p>Known options are:
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>format</dt>
<dd><p>MIDI file format number. (0 (default), 1, 2)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>Where format is 0, if a cell array is passed to midifilewrite, the midimsg values will
be concatenated together before saving.
</p>
<p>Were format is not 0, the cell array is treated as tracks of misimsg.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-15">Outputs</h4>
<p>None
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midifileread, midimsg.
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Enumerations">
<h3 class="section" id="Enumerations-1">3.4 Enumerations</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Enumerations"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="midimsgtype">
<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 midimsgtype</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-midimsgtype"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-midimsgtype-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">midimsgtype</strong></dt>
<dd><p>A midimsg type enumeration for values of the midimsg type.
</p>
<p>Enumeration values are:
</p><table class="multitable">
<tbody><tr><td width="20%">Data</td><td width="40%">Stop</td><td width="30%">SongPositionPointer</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">PolyOn</td><td width="40%">PolyKeyPressure</td><td width="30%">NoteOff</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">EOX</td><td width="40%">ActiveSensing</td><td width="30%">SongSelect</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">MonoOn</td><td width="40%">ChannelPressure</td><td width="30%">ControlChange</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">TimingClock</td><td width="40%">SystemReset</td><td width="30%">AllSoundOff</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">OmniOn</td><td width="40%">PitchBend</td><td width="30%">ProgramChange</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">Start</td><td width="40%">TuneRequest</td><td width="30%">ResetAllControllers</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">OmniOff</td><td width="40%">Undefined</td><td width="30%">SystemExclusive</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">Continue</td><td width="40%">MIDITimeCodeQuarterFrame</td><td width="30%">LocalControl</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">AllNotesOff</td><td width="40%">MetaEvent</td><td width="30%"></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The enumeration value can be used instead of a string in midimsg creation.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-11">Examples</h4>
<p>Use both a string and a midimsgtype for the type parameter of a midimsg.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">
# both statements are equivalent
msg = midimsg('NoteOn', 1, 60, 100);
msg = midimsg(midimsgtype.NoteOn, 1, 60, 100);
</code>
</pre></div>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> midimsg.
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Waveform-Generation">
<h3 class="section" id="Waveform-Generation-2">3.5 Waveform Generation</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Waveform-Generation-1"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="audioOscillator">
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 audioOscillator</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-audioOscillator"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-audioOscillator-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">audioOscillator</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Generate sine, sawtool and square waveforms
</p></dd></dl>
<h4 class="subheading" id="Methods">Methods</h4>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-audioOscillator-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">audioOscillator</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">()</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-audioOscillator-3"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">audioOscillator</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">signalTypeValue</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-audioOscillator-4"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">audioOscillator</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">signalTypeValue</var>, <var class="var">frequencyValue</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-audioOscillator-5"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">obj</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">audioOscillator</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(__, <var class="var">propertyname</var>, <var class="var">propertyvalue</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Create a audioOscillator object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-16">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">signalTypeValue</var> - signal type of "sine" (default), "square", "sawtooth".<br>
<var class="var">frequencyValue</var> - hz frequency value of waveform (default 100).<br>
<var class="var">propertyname</var>, <var class="var">propertyvalue</var> - properties to set on the object.
</p>
<p>Known properties are:
</p><dl class="table">
<dt>SignalType</dt>
<dd><p>signal type of "sine" (default), "square" or "sawtooth". (readonly)
</p></dd>
<dt>Frequency</dt>
<dd><p>frequency of the waveform (default 100)
</p></dd>
<dt>Amplitude</dt>
<dd><p>amplitude of the signal (default 1)
</p></dd>
<dt>SampleRate</dt>
<dd><p>sample rate of the signal (default 44100)
</p></dd>
<dt>PhaseOffset</dt>
<dd><p>phase offset of signal 0 (default) - 1 (readonly)
</p></dd>
<dt>DutyCycle</dt>
<dd><p>dutycycle of the signal 0 - 1 (default 0.5) when signal is a square wave.
</p></dd>
<dt>SamplePerFrame</dt>
<dd><p>Samples per frame as returned from () (default 512)
</p></dd>
<dt>MaxSamplePerFrame</dt>
<dd><p>Max samples per frame (default 192000)
</p></dd>
<dt>DCOffset</dt>
<dd><p>DC Offset of signal (default 0)
</p></dd>
<dt>Width</dt>
<dd><p>Width of sawtooth (default 1)
</p></dd>
<dt>OutputDataType</dt>
<dd><p>Output data type of ’single’ or ’double’ (default ’double’)
</p></dd>
</dl>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-16">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">obj</var> - signalGenerator object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-12">Examples</h4>
<p>Create a 100 hz sine wave and plot first 512 samples
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> sinosc = audioOscillator
data = sinosc();
plot(data);
</pre></div>
<p>Create a 2 hz square wave with duty cycle of 0.5
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"> sqosc = audioOscillator('square', 'DutyCycle', 0.50, 'Frequency', 2);
</pre></div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-obj_0028_0029"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">data</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name"><var class="var">obj</var>()</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Generate a frame of waveform data from the generator function
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-17">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">obj</var> - signalGenerator object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-17">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">data</var> - waveform data
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-release_0028obj_0029"><span class="category-def">: </span><strong class="def-name">release(<var class="var">obj</var>)</strong></dt>
<dd><p>Release resources of generator
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-18">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">obj</var> - signalGenerator object
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-18">Outputs</h4>
<p>None
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section-level-extent" id="Domain-Conversion">
<h3 class="section" id="Domain-Conversion-1">3.6 Domain Conversion</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Domain-Conversion"></a>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="bark2hz">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.1 bark2hz</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bark2hz"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-bark2hz-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">hz</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">bark2hz</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">bark</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert equivalent Bark Frequency to Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-19">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">bark</var> - input frequency in bark.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-19">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - Output frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References">References</h4>
<p>Traunmüller, Hartmut. <cite class="cite">Analytical Expressions for the Tonotopic Sensory Scale.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Vol. 88, Issue 1, 1990</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> hz2bark.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="erb2hz">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.2 erb2hz</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-erb2hz"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-erb2hz-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">hz</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">erb2hz</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">erb</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) to Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-20">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">erb</var> - input frequency in erb.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-20">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - Output frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-1">References</h4>
<p>Glasberg and Moore. <cite class="cite">Derivation of Auditory Filter Shapes from Notched-Noise Data.
Hearing Research. Vol. 47, 1990</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> hz2erb.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="hz2bark">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.3 hz2bark</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hz2bark"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-hz2bark-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">bark</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">hz2bark</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">hz</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert hz to equivalent bark frequency
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-21">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - input frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-21">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">bark</var> - Output frequency as a bark value
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-13">Examples</h4>
<p>Convert 4000 Hz to erb
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">erb = hz2erb(4000)</code>
</pre></div>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-2">References</h4>
<p>Traunmüller, Hartmut. <cite class="cite">Analytical Expressions for the Tonotopic Sensory Scale.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Vol. 88, Issue 1, 1990</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> bark2hz.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="hz2erb">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.4 hz2erb</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hz2erb"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-hz2erb-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">erb</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">hz2erb</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">hz</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert hz to equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB)
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-22">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - input frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-22">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">erb</var> - Output frequency as a erb value
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-14">Examples</h4>
<p>Convert 4000 Hz to erb
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">erb = hz2erb(4000)</code>
</pre></div>
<p>Convert a range of Hz to erb
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">erb = hz2erb(4000:100:5000)</code>
</pre></div>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-3">References</h4>
<p>Glasberg and Moore. <cite class="cite">Derivation of Auditory Filter Shapes from Notched-Noise Data.
Hearing Research. Vol. 47, 1990</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> erb2hz.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="hz2mel">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.5 hz2mel</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-hz2mel"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-hz2mel-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">mel</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">hz2mel</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">hz</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert hz to equivalent mel frequency.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-23">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - input frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-23">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">mel</var> - Output frequency as a mel value
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-15">Examples</h4>
<p>Convert 4000 Hz to mel
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">mel = hz2mel(4000)</code>
</pre></div>
<p>Convert a range of Hz to mel
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">mel = hz2erb(4000:100:5000)</code>
</pre></div>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-4">References</h4>
<p>O’Shaghnessy, Douglas. <cite class="cite">Speech Communication: Human and Machine. Reading, MA:
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1987</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> mel2hz.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="mel2hz">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.6 mel2hz</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mel2hz"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-mel2hz-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">hz</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">mel2hz</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">mel</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert equivalent mel frequency to Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-24">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">mel</var> - input frequency in mel.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-24">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">hz</var> - Output frequency in Hz.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-5">References</h4>
<p>O’Shaghnessy, Douglas. <cite class="cite">Speech Communication: Human and Machine. Reading, MA:
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1987</cite>
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> hz2mel.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="phon2sone">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.7 phon2sone</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-phon2sone"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-phon2sone-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">sone</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">phon2sone</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">phon</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-phon2sone-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">sone</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">phon2sone</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">phon</var>, <var class="var">standard</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert from phon to sone
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-25">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">phon</var> - Loudness level in phon
</p>
<p><var class="var">standard</var> - Standard to use in conversion. Options are
’ISO 532-1’ or ’ISO 532-2’.
</p>
<p>’ISO 532-1’ is used if no standard is provided.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-25">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">sone</var> - Loudness level in sone
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-16">Examples</h4>
<p>Convert 100 phon to sone
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">sone = phon2sone(100)</code>
</pre></div>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-6">References</h4>
<p>International Organization for Standardization., <cite class="cite">ISO 532-1 Acoustics – Methods for calculating loudness – Part 1: Zwicker method.</cite>
</p>
<p>International Organization for Standardization., <cite class="cite">ISO 532-2 Acoustics – Methods for calculating loudness – Part 2: Moore-Glasberg method.</cite>
</p>
<p>https://sengpielaudio.com/calculatorSonephon.htm
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> sone2phon.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="subsection-level-extent" id="sone2phon">
<h4 class="subsection">3.6.8 sone2phon</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sone2phon"></a>
<dl class="first-deftypefn">
<dt class="deftypefn" id="index-sone2phon-1"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">phon</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">sone2phon</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">sone</var>)</code></dt>
<dt class="deftypefnx def-cmd-deftypefn" id="index-sone2phon-2"><span class="category-def">: </span><code class="def-type"><var class="var">phon</var> =</code> <strong class="def-name">sone2phon</strong> <code class="def-code-arguments">(<var class="var">sone</var>, <var class="var">standard</var>)</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convert from sone to phon.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Inputs-26">Inputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">sone</var> - Loudness level in sone
</p>
<p><var class="var">standard</var> - Standard to use in conversion. Options are
’ISO 532-1’ or ’ISO 532-2’.
</p>
<p>’ISO 532-1’ is used if no standard is provided.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Outputs-26">Outputs</h4>
<p><var class="var">sone</var> - Loudness level in sone
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Examples-17">Examples</h4>
<p>Convert 100 sone to phon
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><code class="code">phon = sone2phon(100)</code>
</pre></div>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="References-7">References</h4>
<p>International Organization for Standardization., <cite class="cite">ISO 532-1 Acoustics – Methods for calculating loudness – Part 1: Zwicker method.</cite>
</p>
<p>International Organization for Standardization., <cite class="cite">ISO 532-2 Acoustics – Methods for calculating loudness – Part 2: Moore-Glasberg method.</cite>
</p>
<p>https://sengpielaudio.com/calculatorSonephon.htm
</p>
<p><strong class="strong">See also:</strong> sone2phon.
</p></dd></dl>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="appendix-level-extent" id="Copying">
<h2 class="appendix" id="GNU-General-Public-License">Appendix A GNU General Public License</h2>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-warranty"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-copyright"></a>
<div class="center">Version 3, 29 June 2007
</div>
<div class="display">
<pre class="display-preformatted">Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <a class="url" href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></div>
<h3 class="heading" id="Preamble">Preamble</h3>
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(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
</p>
</li><li> Patents.
<p>A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
</p>
<p>A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
</p>
<p>Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
</p>
<p>In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
</p>
<p>If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
</p>
<p>If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
</p>
<p>A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
</p>
<p>Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
</p>
</li><li> No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
<p>If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
from conveying the Program.
</p>
</li><li> Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
<p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
</p>
</li><li> Revised Versions of this License.
<p>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
</p>
<p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
</p>
<p>If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
choose that version for the Program.
</p>
<p>Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
</p>
</li><li> Disclaimer of Warranty.
<p>THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
</p>
</li><li> Limitation of Liability.
<p>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
</p>
</li><li> Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
<p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
</p>
</li></ol>
<h3 class="heading" id="END-OF-TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS">END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
<h3 class="heading" id="How-to-Apply-These-Terms-to-Your-New-Programs">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
<p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
</p>
<p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
</p>
<div class="example smallexample">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var>
Copyright (C) <var class="var">year</var> <var class="var">name of author</var>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</pre></div>
<p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
</p>
<p>If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
</p>
<div class="example smallexample">
<pre class="example-preformatted"><var class="var">program</var> Copyright (C) <var class="var">year</var> <var class="var">name of author</var>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘<samp class="samp">show w</samp>’.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type ‘<samp class="samp">show c</samp>’ for details.
</pre></div>
<p>The hypothetical commands ‘<samp class="samp">show w</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">show c</samp>’ should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
use an “about box”.
</p>
<p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
</p>
<p>The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
first, please read <a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
</p>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="unnumbered-level-extent" id="Index">
<h2 class="unnumbered" id="Index-1">Index</h2>
<div class="printindex cp-printindex">
<table class="cp-letters-header-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
</td></tr></table>
<table class="cp-entries-printindex" border="0">
<tr><td></td><th class="entries-header-printindex">Index Entry</th><th class="sections-header-printindex">Section</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-A">A</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-audioOscillator">audioOscillator</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Waveform-Generation">Waveform Generation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-B">B</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-bark2hz">bark2hz</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Basic-Usage-Overview">Basic Usage Overview</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-Usage-Overview">Basic Usage Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-C">C</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Conversion-Functionality">Conversion Functionality</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-Usage-Overview">Basic Usage Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-copyright">copyright</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Copying">Copying</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-D">D</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-E">E</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Enumerations">Enumerations</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Enumerations">Enumerations</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-erb2hz">erb2hz</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-F">F</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Function-Reference">Function Reference</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Function-Reference">Function Reference</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-H">H</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hasdata">hasdata</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hz2bark">hz2bark</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hz2erb">hz2erb</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-hz2mel">hz2mel</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-I">I</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-ismidifile">ismidifile</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-L">L</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Loading">Loading</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-M">M</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mel2hz">mel2hz</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-MIDI-Functionality">MIDI Functionality</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-Usage-Overview">Basic Usage Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midicallback">midicallback</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midicontrols">midicontrols</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mididevice">mididevice</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-mididevinfo">mididevinfo</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midifileinfo">midifileinfo</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midifileread">midifileread</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midifilewrite">midifilewrite</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-File-I_002fO">MIDI File I/O</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midiflush">midiflush</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midiid">midiid</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midimsg">midimsg</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midimsgtype">midimsgtype</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Enumerations">Enumerations</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midiread">midiread</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midireceive">midireceive</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midisend">midisend</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Device-Interface">MIDI Device Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-midisync">midisync</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#MIDI-Controller-Interface">MIDI Controller Interface</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-O">O</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Off_002dline-install">Off-line install</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Online-install">Online install</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-P">P</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-phon2sone">phon2sone</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-S">S</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-sone2phon">sone2phon</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Domain-Conversion">Domain Conversion</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
<tr><th id="Index_cp_letter-W">W</th></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-warranty">warranty</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Copying">Copying</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Waveform-Generation">Waveform Generation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Basic-Usage-Overview">Basic Usage Overview</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Waveform-Generation-1">Waveform Generation</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Waveform-Generation">Waveform Generation</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td class="printindex-index-entry"><a href="#index-Windows-install">Windows install</a></td><td class="printindex-index-section"><a href="#Installing-and-loading">Installing and loading</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table class="cp-letters-footer-printindex"><tr><th>Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-A"><b>A</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-B"><b>B</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-C"><b>C</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-D"><b>D</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-E"><b>E</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-F"><b>F</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-H"><b>H</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-I"><b>I</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-L"><b>L</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-M"><b>M</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-O"><b>O</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-P"><b>P</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-S"><b>S</b></a>
<a class="summary-letter-printindex" href="#Index_cp_letter-W"><b>W</b></a>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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