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function [data, mmap] = loadjson(fname, varargin)
%
% data=loadjson(fname,opt)
% or
% [data, mmap]=loadjson(fname,'param1',value1,'param2',value2,...)
%
% parse a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) file or string and return a
% matlab data structure with optional memory-map (mmap) table
%
% authors:Qianqian Fang (q.fang <at> neu.edu)
% created on 2011/09/09, including previous works from
%
% Nedialko Krouchev: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/25713
% created on 2009/11/02
% François Glineur: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/23393
% created on 2009/03/22
% Joel Feenstra:
% http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/20565
% created on 2008/07/03
%
% input:
% fname: input file name; if fname contains "{}" or "[]", fname
% will be interpreted as a JSON string
% opt: (optional) a struct to store parsing options, opt can be replaced by
% a list of ('param',value) pairs - the param string is equivalent
% to a field in opt. opt can have the following
% fields (first in [.|.] is the default)
%
% SimplifyCell [1|0]: if set to 1, loadjson will call cell2mat
% for each element of the JSON data, and group
% arrays based on the cell2mat rules.
% FastArrayParser [1|0 or integer]: if set to 1, use a
% speed-optimized array parser when loading an
% array object. The fast array parser may
% collapse block arrays into a single large
% array similar to rules defined in cell2mat; 0 to
% use a legacy parser; if set to a larger-than-1
% value, this option will specify the minimum
% dimension to enable the fast array parser. For
% example, if the input is a 3D array, setting
% FastArrayParser to 1 will return a 3D array;
% setting to 2 will return a cell array of 2D
% arrays; setting to 3 will return to a 2D cell
% array of 1D vectors; setting to 4 will return a
% 3D cell array.
% UseMap [0|1]: if set to 1, loadjson uses a containers.Map to
% store map objects; otherwise use a struct object
% ShowProgress [0|1]: if set to 1, loadjson displays a progress bar.
% ParseStringArray [0|1]: if set to 0, loadjson converts "string arrays"
% (introduced in MATLAB R2016b) to char arrays; if set to 1,
% loadjson skips this conversion.
% FormatVersion [3|float]: set the JSONLab format version; since
% v2.0, JSONLab uses JData specification Draft 1
% for output format, it is incompatible with all
% previous releases; if old output is desired,
% please set FormatVersion to 1.9 or earlier.
% Encoding ['']: json file encoding. Support all encodings of
% fopen() function
% ObjectID [0|integer or list]: if set to a positive number,
% it returns the specified JSON object by index
% in a multi-JSON document; if set to a vector,
% it returns a list of specified objects.
% JDataDecode [1|0]: if set to 1, call jdatadecode to decode
% JData structures defined in the JData
% Specification.
% BuiltinJSON [0|1]: if set to 1, this function attempts to call
% jsondecode, if presents (MATLAB R2016b or Octave
% 6) first. If jsondecode does not exist or failed,
% this function falls back to the jsonlab parser
% MmapOnly [0|1]: if set to 1, this function only returns mmap
% MMapInclude 'str1' or {'str1','str2',..}: if provided, the
% returned mmap will be filtered by only keeping
% entries containing any one of the string patterns
% provided in a cell
% MMapExclude 'str1' or {'str1','str2',..}: if provided, the
% returned mmap will be filtered by removing
% entries containing any one of the string patterns
% provided in a cell
%
% output:
% dat: a cell array, where {...} blocks are converted into cell arrays,
% and [...] are converted to arrays
% mmap: (optional) a cell array as memory-mapping table in the form of
% {{jsonpath1,[start,length,<whitespace_pre>]},
% {jsonpath2,[start,length,<whitespace_pre>]}, ...}
% where jsonpath_i is a string in the JSONPath [1,2] format, and
% "start" is an integer referring to the offset from the beginning
% of the stream, and "length" is the JSON object string length.
% An optional 3rd integer "whitespace_pre" may appear to record
% the preceding whitespace length in case expansion of the data
% record is needed when using the mmap.
%
% The format of the mmap table returned from this function
% follows the JSON-Mmap Specification Draft 1 [3] defined by the
% NeuroJSON project, see https://neurojson.org/jsonmmap/draft1/
%
% Memory-mapping table (mmap) is useful when fast reading/writing
% specific data records inside a large JSON file without needing
% to load/parse/overwrite the entire file.
%
% The JSONPath keys used in mmap is largely compatible to the
% upstream specification defined in [1], with a slight extension
% to handle concatenated JSON files.
%
% In the mmap jsonpath key, a '$' denotes the root object, a '.'
% denotes a child of the preceding element; '.key' points to the
% value segment of the child named "key" of the preceding
% object; '[i]' denotes the (i+1)th member of the preceding
% element, which must be an array. For example, a key
%
% $.obj1.obj2[0].obj3
%
% defines the memory-map of the "value" section in the below
% hierarchy:
% {
% "obj1":{
% "obj2":[
% {"obj3":value},
% ...
% ],
% ...
% }
% }
% Please note that "value" can be any valid JSON value, including
% an array, an object, a string or numerical value.
%
% To handle concatenated JSON objects (including ndjson,
% http://ndjson.org/), such as
%
% {"root1": {"obj1": ...}}
% ["root2", value1, value2, {"obj2": ...}]
% {"root3": ...}
%
% we use '$' or '$0' for the first root-object, and '$1' refers
% to the 2nd root object (["root2",...]) and '$2' refers to the
% 3rd root object, and so on. Please note that this syntax is an
% extension from the JSONPath documentation [1,2]
%
% [1] https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/
% [2] http://jsonpath.herokuapp.com/
% [3] https://neurojson.org/jsonmmap/draft1/
%
% examples:
% dat=loadjson('{"obj":{"string":"value","array":[1,2,3]}}')
% dat=loadjson(['examples' filesep 'example1.json'])
% [dat, mmap]=loadjson(['examples' filesep 'example1.json'],'SimplifyCell',0)
%
% license:
% BSD or GPL version 3, see LICENSE_{BSD,GPLv3}.txt files for details
%
% -- this function is part of JSONLab toolbox (http://iso2mesh.sf.net/cgi-bin/index.cgi?jsonlab)
%
opt = varargin2struct(varargin{:});
if (regexp(fname, '^\s*(?:\[.*\])|(?:\{.*\})\s*$', 'once'))
string = fname;
elseif (exist(fname, 'file'))
try
encoding = jsonopt('Encoding', '', opt);
if (isempty(encoding))
string = fileread(fname);
else
fid = fopen(fname, 'r', 'n', encoding);
string = fread(fid, '*char')';
fclose(fid);
end
catch
try
string = urlread(fname);
catch
string = urlread(['file://', fullfile(pwd, fname)]);
end
end
elseif (regexpi(fname, '^\s*(http|https|ftp|file)://'))
string = urlread(fname);
else
error('input file does not exist');
end
if (jsonopt('BuiltinJSON', 0, opt) && exist('jsondecode', 'builtin'))
try
newstring = regexprep(string, '[\r\n]', '');
newdata = jsondecode(newstring);
newdata = jdatadecode(newdata, 'Base64', 1, 'Recursive', 1, varargin{:});
data = newdata;
return
catch
warning('built-in jsondecode function failed to parse the file, fallback to loadjson');
end
end
pos = 1;
inputlen = length(string);
inputstr = string;
arraytokenidx = find(inputstr == '[' | inputstr == ']');
arraytoken = inputstr(arraytokenidx);
% String delimiters and escape chars identified to improve speed:
esc = find(inputstr == '"' | inputstr == '\'); % comparable to: regexp(inputstr, '["\\]');
index_esc = 1;
opt.arraytoken_ = arraytoken;
opt.arraytokenidx_ = arraytokenidx;
opt.simplifycell = jsonopt('SimplifyCell', 1, opt);
opt.simplifycellarray = jsonopt('SimplifyCellArray', opt.simplifycell, opt);
opt.formatversion = jsonopt('FormatVersion', 3, opt);
opt.fastarrayparser = jsonopt('FastArrayParser', 1, opt);
opt.parsestringarray = jsonopt('ParseStringArray', 0, opt);
opt.usemap = jsonopt('UseMap', 0, opt);
opt.arraydepth_ = 1;
opt.mmaponly = jsonopt('MmapOnly', 0, opt);
if (jsonopt('ShowProgress', 0, opt) == 1)
opt.progressbar_ = waitbar(0, 'loading ...');
end
objid = jsonopt('ObjectID', 0, opt);
maxobjid = max(objid);
if (maxobjid == 0)
maxobjid = inf;
end
opt.jsonpath_ = '$';
if (nargout > 1 || opt.mmaponly)
mmap = {};
end
if (regexp(inputstr, '^\s*$'))
data = [];
inputlen = 0;
end
jsoncount = 1;
while pos <= inputlen
[cc, pos, w1] = next_char(inputstr, pos);
switch (cc)
case '{'
if (nargout > 1 || opt.mmaponly)
mmap{end + 1} = {opt.jsonpath_, [pos, 0, w1]};
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc, newmmap] = parse_object(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
if (pos < 0)
opt.usemap = 1;
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc, newmmap] = parse_object(inputstr, -pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
end
mmap{end}{2}(2) = pos - mmap{end}{2}(1);
mmap = [mmap(:); newmmap(:)];
else
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc] = parse_object(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
if (pos < 0)
opt.usemap = 1;
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc] = parse_object(inputstr, -pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
end
end
case '['
if (nargout > 1 || opt.mmaponly)
mmap{end + 1} = {opt.jsonpath_, [pos, 0, w1]};
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc, newmmap] = parse_array(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
mmap{end}{2}(2) = pos - mmap{end}{2}(1);
mmap = [mmap(:); newmmap(:)];
else
[data{jsoncount}, pos, index_esc] = parse_array(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, opt);
end
otherwise
pos = error_pos('Outer level structure must be an object or an array', inputstr, pos);
end
if (jsoncount >= maxobjid)
break
end
opt.jsonpath_ = sprintf('$%d', jsoncount);
jsoncount = jsoncount + 1;
end % while
if (length(objid) > 1 || min(objid) > 1)
data = data(objid(objid <= length(data)));
end
jsoncount = length(data);
if (jsoncount == 1 && iscell(data))
data = data{1};
end
if (nargout > 1 || opt.mmaponly)
mmap = mmap';
mmap = filterjsonmmap(mmap, jsonopt('MMapExclude', {}, opt), 0);
mmap = filterjsonmmap(mmap, jsonopt('MMapInclude', {}, opt), 1);
mmap = cellfun(@(x) {x{1}, x{2}(1:(2 + int8(length(x{2}) >= 3 && (x{2}(3) > 0))))}, mmap, 'UniformOutput', false);
end
if (jsonopt('JDataDecode', 1, opt) == 1)
try
data = jdatadecode(data, 'Base64', 1, 'Recursive', 1, opt);
catch ME
warning(['Failed to decode embedded JData annotations, '...
'return raw JSON data\n\njdatadecode error: %s\n%s\nCall stack:\n%s\n'], ...
ME.identifier, ME.message, char(savejson('', ME.stack)));
end
end
if (opt.mmaponly)
data = mmap;
end
if (isfield(opt, 'progressbar_'))
close(opt.progressbar_);
end
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% helper functions
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [object, pos, index_esc, mmap] = parse_array(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin) % JSON array is written in row-major order
if (nargout > 3)
mmap = {};
origpath = varargin{1}.jsonpath_;
end
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, '[');
object = cell(0, 1);
arraydepth = varargin{1}.arraydepth_;
pbar = -1;
if (isfield(varargin{1}, 'progressbar_'))
pbar = varargin{1}.progressbar_;
end
format = varargin{1}.formatversion;
[cc, pos] = next_char(inputstr, pos);
endpos = [];
if cc ~= ']'
try
if ((varargin{1}.fastarrayparser) >= 1 && arraydepth >= varargin{1}.fastarrayparser)
[endpos, maxlevel] = fast_match_bracket(varargin{1}.arraytoken_, varargin{1}.arraytokenidx_, pos);
if (~isempty(endpos))
arraystr = ['[' inputstr(pos:endpos)];
arraystr = sscanf_prep(arraystr);
if (isempty(find(arraystr == '"', 1)))
% handle 1D array first
if (maxlevel == 1)
astr = arraystr(2:end - 1);
astr(astr == ' ') = '';
[obj, count, errmsg, nextidx] = sscanf(astr, '%f,', [1, inf]);
if (nextidx >= length(astr) - 1)
object = obj;
pos = endpos;
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ']');
return
end
end
% for N-D packed array in a nested array construct,
if (maxlevel >= 2 && ~isempty(regexp(arraystr(2:end), '^\s*\[', 'once')))
[dims, isndarray] = nestbracket2dim(arraystr);
rowstart = find(arraystr(2:end) == '[', 1) + 1;
if (rowstart && isndarray)
[obj, nextidx] = parsendarray(arraystr, dims);
if (nextidx >= length(arraystr) - 1)
object = obj;
if (format > 1.9)
object = permute(object, ndims(object):-1:1);
end
pos = endpos;
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ']');
if (pbar > 0)
waitbar(pos / length(inputstr), pbar, 'loading ...');
end
return
end
end
end
end
end
end
if (isempty(regexp(arraystr, ':', 'once')) && isempty(regexp(arraystr, '\(', 'once')))
arraystr = regexprep(arraystr, '\[', '{');
arraystr = regexprep(arraystr, '\]', '}');
if (varargin{1}.parsestringarray == 0)
arraystr = regexprep(arraystr, '\"', '''');
end
object = eval(arraystr);
if (iscell(object))
object = cellfun(@unescapejsonstring, object, 'UniformOutput', false);
end
pos = endpos;
end
catch
end
if (isempty(endpos) || pos ~= endpos)
w2 = 0;
while 1
varargin{1}.arraydepth_ = arraydepth + 1;
if (nargout > 3)
varargin{1}.jsonpath_ = [origpath sprintf('[%d]', length(object))];
mmap{end + 1} = {varargin{1}.jsonpath_, [pos, 0, w2]};
[val, pos, index_esc, newmmap] = parse_value(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
mmap{end}{2}(2) = pos - mmap{end}{2}(1);
mmap = [mmap(:); newmmap(:)];
else
[val, pos, index_esc] = parse_value(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
end
object{end + 1} = val;
[cc, pos] = next_char(inputstr, pos);
if cc == ']'
break
end
[pos, w1, w2] = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ',');
end
end
end
if (varargin{1}.simplifycell)
if (iscell(object) && ~isempty(object) && (all(cellfun(@isnumeric, object)) || all(cellfun(@isstruct, object))))
if (all(cellfun(@(e) isequal(size(object{1}), size(e)), object(2:end))))
try
oldobj = object;
if (iscell(object) && length(object) > 1 && ndims(object{1}) >= 2)
catdim = size(object{1});
catdim = ndims(object{1}) - (catdim(end) == 1) + 1;
object = cat(catdim, object{:});
object = permute(object, ndims(object):-1:1);
else
object = cell2mat(object.').';
end
if (iscell(oldobj) && isstruct(object) && numel(object) > 1 && varargin{1}.simplifycellarray == 0)
object = oldobj;
end
catch
end
end
end
if (~iscell(object) && size(object, 1) > 1 && ndims(object) == 2)
object = object.';
end
end
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ']');
if (pbar > 0)
waitbar(pos / length(inputstr), pbar, 'loading ...');
end
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [pos, w1, w2] = parse_char(inputstr, pos, c)
w1 = pos;
w2 = 0;
pos = skip_whitespace(pos, inputstr);
w1 = pos - w1;
if pos > length(inputstr) || inputstr(pos) ~= c
pos = error_pos(sprintf('Expected %c at position %%d', c), inputstr, pos);
else
pos = pos + 1;
w2 = pos;
pos = skip_whitespace(pos, inputstr);
w2 = pos - w2;
end
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [c, pos, w1] = next_char(inputstr, pos)
w1 = pos;
pos = skip_whitespace(pos, inputstr);
w1 = pos - w1;
if pos > length(inputstr)
c = [];
else
c = inputstr(pos);
end
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [str, pos, index_esc, mmap] = parseStr(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin)
if (nargout > 3)
mmap = {};
end
if inputstr(pos) ~= '"'
pos = error_pos('String starting with " expected at position %d', inputstr, pos);
else
pos = pos + 1;
end
str = '';
while pos <= length(inputstr)
while index_esc <= length(esc) && esc(index_esc) < pos
index_esc = index_esc + 1;
end
if index_esc > length(esc)
str = [str inputstr(pos:end)];
pos = length(inputstr) + 1;
break
else
str = [str inputstr(pos:esc(index_esc) - 1)];
pos = esc(index_esc);
end
nstr = length(str);
switch inputstr(pos)
case '"'
pos = pos + 1;
if (~isempty(str))
if (strcmp(str, '_Inf_'))
str = Inf;
elseif (strcmp(str, '-_Inf_'))
str = -Inf;
elseif (strcmp(str, '_NaN_'))
str = NaN;
end
end
return
case '\'
if pos + 1 > length(inputstr)
pos = error_pos('End of file reached right after escape character', inputstr, pos);
end
pos = pos + 1;
switch inputstr(pos)
case {'"' '\' '/'}
str(nstr + 1) = inputstr(pos);
pos = pos + 1;
case {'b' 'f' 'n' 'r' 't'}
str(nstr + 1) = sprintf(['\' inputstr(pos)]);
pos = pos + 1;
case 'u'
if pos + 4 > length(inputstr)
pos = error_pos('End of file reached in escaped unicode character', inputstr, pos);
end
str(nstr + (1:6)) = inputstr(pos - 1:pos + 4);
pos = pos + 5;
end
otherwise % should never happen
str(nstr + 1) = inputstr(pos);
keyboard;
pos = pos + 1;
end
end
str = unescapejsonstring(str);
pos = error_pos('End of file while expecting end of inputstr', inputstr, pos);
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [num, pos] = parse_number(inputstr, pos, varargin)
currstr = inputstr(pos:min(pos + 30, end));
[num, tmp, err, delta] = sscanf(currstr, '%f', 1);
if ~isempty(err)
pos = error_pos('Error reading number at position %d', inputstr, pos);
end
pos = pos + delta - 1;
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function varargout = parse_value(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin)
len = length(inputstr);
if (isfield(varargin{1}, 'progressbar_'))
waitbar(pos / len, varargin{1}.progressbar_, 'loading ...');
end
varargout{3} = index_esc;
if (nargout > 3)
varargout{4} = {};
end
switch (inputstr(pos))
case '"'
[varargout{1:nargout}] = parseStr(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
return
case '['
[varargout{1:nargout}] = parse_array(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
return
case '{'
[varargout{1:nargout}] = parse_object(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
if (varargout{2} < 0)
varargin{1}.usemap = 1;
[varargout{1:nargout}] = parse_object(inputstr, -varargout{2}, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
end
return
case {'-', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'}
[varargout{1:2}] = parse_number(inputstr, pos, varargin{:});
return
case 't'
if pos + 3 <= len && strcmpi(inputstr(pos:pos + 3), 'true')
varargout{1} = true;
varargout{2} = pos + 4;
return
end
case 'f'
if pos + 4 <= len && strcmpi(inputstr(pos:pos + 4), 'false')
varargout{1} = false;
varargout{2} = pos + 5;
return
end
case 'n'
if pos + 3 <= len && strcmpi(inputstr(pos:pos + 3), 'null')
varargout{1} = [];
varargout{2} = pos + 4;
return
end
end
varargout{2} = error_pos('Value expected at position %d', inputstr, pos);
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [object, pos, index_esc, mmap] = parse_object(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin)
oldpos = pos;
oldindex_esc = index_esc;
if (nargout > 3)
mmap = {};
origpath = varargin{1}.jsonpath_;
end
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, '{');
usemap = varargin{1}.usemap;
if (usemap)
object = containers.Map();
else
object = [];
end
[cc, pos] = next_char(inputstr, pos);
if cc ~= '}'
while 1
[str, pos, index_esc] = parseStr(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
if (length(str) > 63)
pos = -oldpos;
index_esc = oldindex_esc;
object = [];
return
end
if isempty(str) && ~usemap
str = 'x0x0_'; % empty name is valid in JSON, decodevarname('x0x0_') restores '\0'
end
[pos, w1, w2] = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ':');
if (nargout > 3)
varargin{1}.jsonpath_ = [origpath, '.', str];
mmap{end + 1} = {varargin{1}.jsonpath_, [pos, 0, w2]};
[val, pos, index_esc, newmmap] = parse_value(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
mmap{end}{2}(2) = pos - mmap{end}{2}(1);
mmap = [mmap(:); newmmap(:)];
else
[val, pos, index_esc] = parse_value(inputstr, pos, esc, index_esc, varargin{:});
end
if (usemap)
object(str) = val;
else
str = encodevarname(str, varargin{:});
if (length(str) > 63)
pos = -oldpos;
index_esc = oldindex_esc;
object = [];
return
end
object.(str) = val;
end
[cc, pos] = next_char(inputstr, pos);
if cc == '}'
break
end
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, ',');
end
end
pos = parse_char(inputstr, pos, '}');
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function pos = error_pos(msg, inputstr, pos)
poShow = max(min([pos - 15 pos - 1 pos pos + 20], length(inputstr)), 1);
if poShow(3) == poShow(2)
poShow(3:4) = poShow(2) + [0 -1]; % display nothing after
end
msg = [sprintf(msg, pos) ': ' ...
inputstr(poShow(1):poShow(2)) '<error>' inputstr(poShow(3):poShow(4))];
error('JSONLAB:JSON:InvalidFormat', msg);
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function newpos = skip_whitespace(pos, inputstr)
newpos = pos;
while newpos <= length(inputstr) && isspace(inputstr(newpos))
newpos = newpos + 1;
end
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function newstr = unescapejsonstring(str)
newstr = str;
if (iscell(str))
try
newstr = cell2mat(cellfun(@(x) cell2mat(x), str(:), 'un', 0));
catch
end
end
if (~ischar(str) || isempty(find(str == '\', 1)))
return
end
newstr = sprintf(str);
newstr = regexprep(newstr, '\\u([0-9A-Fa-f]{4})', '${char(base2dec($1,16))}');
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function arraystr = sscanf_prep(str)
arraystr = str;
if (regexp(str, '"', 'once'))
arraystr = regexprep(arraystr, '"_NaN_"', 'NaN');
arraystr = regexprep(arraystr, '"([-+]*)_Inf_"', '$1Inf');
end
arraystr(arraystr == sprintf('\n')) = ' ';
arraystr(arraystr == sprintf('\r')) = ' ';
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [obj, nextidx] = parsendarray(arraystr, dims)
astr = arraystr;
astr(astr == '[') = ' ';
astr(astr == ']') = ' ';
astr(astr == ',') = ' ';
[obj, count, errmsg, nextidx] = sscanf(astr, '%f', inf);
if (nextidx >= length(astr) - 1)
obj = reshape(obj, dims);
nextidx = length(arraystr) + 1;
end
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