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Next: <a href="Helper-functions.html#Helper-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Helper functions</a>, Previous: <a href="Zero-finders.html#Zero-finders" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Zero finders</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="Function-index.html#Function-index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="Functions-for-numerical-approximation-of-gradients-and-Hessians"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Functions for numerical approximation of gradients and Hessians</h2>
<a name="index-gradient-functions"></a>
<p>You should not usually need to use these functions directly or pass them
as arguments. They should be chosen and used by optimizer functions,
possibly subject to their configuration options.
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gradient method of new frontends.
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="deriv.html#deriv" accesskey="2">deriv</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Higher order numerical derivatives.
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="numgradient.html#numgradient" accesskey="3">numgradient</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Another numerical gradient function.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="numhessian.html#numhessian" accesskey="4">numhessian</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Numerical Hessian function.
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="cdiff.html#cdiff" accesskey="5">cdiff</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">A string, yielding the numerical gradient if
evaluated.
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="jacobs.html#jacobs" accesskey="6">jacobs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Complex step derivatives.
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