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Next: <a href="Creating-a-Matrix.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Creating a Matrix</a>, Up: <a href="Simple-Examples.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Simple Examples</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<h4 class="subsection" id="Elementary-Calculations-1"><span>1.2.1 Elementary Calculations<a class="copiable-link" href="#Elementary-Calculations-1"> ¶</a></span></h4>
<p>Octave can easily be used for basic numerical calculations. Octave
knows about arithmetic operations (+,-,*,/), exponentiation (^),
natural logarithms/exponents (log, exp), and the trigonometric
functions (sin, cos, …). Moreover, Octave calculations work
on real or imaginary numbers (i,j). In addition, some mathematical
constants such as the base of the natural logarithm (e) and the ratio
of a circle’s circumference to its diameter (pi) are pre-defined.
</p>
<p>For example, to verify Euler’s Identity,
</p><div class="display">
<pre class="display-preformatted">
i*pi
e = -1
</pre></div>
<p>type the following which will evaluate to <code class="code">-1</code> within the
tolerance of the calculation.
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<pre class="example-preformatted">octave:1> exp (i*pi)
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