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<h4 class="subsection" id="Integer-Conversions-1"><span>14.2.8 Integer Conversions<a class="copiable-link" href="#Integer-Conversions-1"> ¶</a></span></h4>
<p>This section describes the options for the ‘<samp class="samp">%d</samp>’, ‘<samp class="samp">%i</samp>’,
‘<samp class="samp">%o</samp>’, ‘<samp class="samp">%u</samp>’, ‘<samp class="samp">%x</samp>’, and ‘<samp class="samp">%X</samp>’ conversion
specifications. These conversions print integers in various formats.
</p>
<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">%i</samp>’ conversion specifications both print an
numeric argument as a signed decimal number; while ‘<samp class="samp">%o</samp>’,
‘<samp class="samp">%u</samp>’, and ‘<samp class="samp">%x</samp>’ print the argument as an unsigned octal,
decimal, or hexadecimal number (respectively). The ‘<samp class="samp">%X</samp>’ conversion
specification is just like ‘<samp class="samp">%x</samp>’ except that it uses the characters
‘<samp class="samp">ABCDEF</samp>’ as digits instead of ‘<samp class="samp">abcdef</samp>’.
</p>
<p>The following flags are meaningful:
</p>
<dl class="table">
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Left-justify the result in the field (instead of the normal
right-justification).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">+</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the signed ‘<samp class="samp">%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">%i</samp>’ conversions, print a
plus sign if the value is positive.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp"> </samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the signed ‘<samp class="samp">%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">%i</samp>’ conversions, if the result
doesn’t start with a plus or minus sign, prefix it with a space
character instead. Since the ‘<samp class="samp">+</samp>’ flag ensures that the result
includes a sign, this flag is ignored if you supply both of them.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the ‘<samp class="samp">%o</samp>’ conversion, this forces the leading digit to be
‘<samp class="samp">0</samp>’, as if by increasing the precision. For ‘<samp class="samp">%x</samp>’ or
‘<samp class="samp">%X</samp>’, this prefixes a leading ‘<samp class="samp">0x</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">0X</samp>’ (respectively)
to the result. This doesn’t do anything useful for the ‘<samp class="samp">%d</samp>’,
‘<samp class="samp">%i</samp>’, or ‘<samp class="samp">%u</samp>’ conversions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Pad the field with zeros instead of spaces. The zeros are placed after
any indication of sign or base. This flag is ignored if the ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’
flag is also specified, or if a precision is specified.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If a precision is supplied, it specifies the minimum number of digits to
appear; leading zeros are produced if necessary. If you don’t specify a
precision, the number is printed with as many digits as it needs. If
you convert a value of zero with an explicit precision of zero, then no
characters at all are produced.
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