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Next: <a href="Floating_002dPoint-Conversions.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Floating-Point Conversions</a>, Previous: <a href="Table-of-Output-Conversions.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Table of Output Conversions</a>, Up: <a href="C_002dStyle-I_002fO-Functions.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">C-Style I/O Functions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<span id="Integer-Conversions-1"></span><h4 class="subsection">14.2.8 Integer Conversions</h4>
<p>This section describes the options for the ‘<samp>%d</samp>’, ‘<samp>%i</samp>’,
‘<samp>%o</samp>’, ‘<samp>%u</samp>’, ‘<samp>%x</samp>’, and ‘<samp>%X</samp>’ conversion
specifications. These conversions print integers in various formats.
</p>
<p>The ‘<samp>%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp>%i</samp>’ conversion specifications both print an
numeric argument as a signed decimal number; while ‘<samp>%o</samp>’,
‘<samp>%u</samp>’, and ‘<samp>%x</samp>’ print the argument as an unsigned octal,
decimal, or hexadecimal number (respectively). The ‘<samp>%X</samp>’ conversion
specification is just like ‘<samp>%x</samp>’ except that it uses the characters
‘<samp>ABCDEF</samp>’ as digits instead of ‘<samp>abcdef</samp>’.
</p>
<p>The following flags are meaningful:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>-</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Left-justify the result in the field (instead of the normal
right-justification).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>+</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the signed ‘<samp>%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp>%i</samp>’ conversions, print a
plus sign if the value is positive.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp> </samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the signed ‘<samp>%d</samp>’ and ‘<samp>%i</samp>’ conversions, if the result
doesn’t start with a plus or minus sign, prefix it with a space
character instead. Since the ‘<samp>+</samp>’ flag ensures that the result
includes a sign, this flag is ignored if you supply both of them.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>#</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>For the ‘<samp>%o</samp>’ conversion, this forces the leading digit to be
‘<samp>0</samp>’, as if by increasing the precision. For ‘<samp>%x</samp>’ or
‘<samp>%X</samp>’, this prefixes a leading ‘<samp>0x</samp>’ or ‘<samp>0X</samp>’ (respectively)
to the result. This doesn’t do anything useful for the ‘<samp>%d</samp>’,
‘<samp>%i</samp>’, or ‘<samp>%u</samp>’ conversions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp>0</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Pad the field with zeros instead of spaces. The zeros are placed after
any indication of sign or base. This flag is ignored if the ‘<samp>-</samp>’
flag is also specified, or if a precision is specified.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<p>If a precision is supplied, it specifies the minimum number of digits to
appear; leading zeros are produced if necessary. If you don’t specify a
precision, the number is printed with as many digits as it needs. If
you convert a value of zero with an explicit precision of zero, then no
characters at all are produced.
</p>
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