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<H1>User Guide</H1>
<HR><P ALIGN="center"> <A HREF="../index.htm"><IMG SRC="../books.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Return to Library]"></A> <A HREF="#ToC"><IMG SRC="../toc.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Contents]"></A> <A HREF="auusg000.htm"><IMG SRC="../prev.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Previous Topic]"></A> <A HREF="#Bot_Of_Page"><IMG SRC="../bot.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Bottom of Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg003.htm"><IMG SRC="../next.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Next Topic]"></A> <A HREF="auusg013.htm#HDRINDEX"><IMG SRC="../index.gif" BORDER="0" ALT="[Index]"></A> <P>
<H2><A NAME="ToC">Table of Contents</A></H2>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_1" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRWQ1">About This Guide</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_2" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRPREFAUDPUR">Audience and Purpose</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_3" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRPREFORGAN">Document Organization</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_4" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRUSERFRONTHOWTO">How To Use This Document</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_5" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRPREFRELATE">Related Documents</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_6" HREF="auusg003.htm#HDRTYPO_CONV">Typographical Conventions</A>
</MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_7" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ2">An Introduction to AFS</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_8" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ3">AFS Concepts</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_9" HREF="auusg004.htm#Header_9">Client/Server Computing</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_10" HREF="auusg004.htm#Header_10">Distributed File Systems</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_11" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ4">AFS Filespace and Local Filespace</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_12" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ5">Cells and Sites</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_13" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ6">Volumes and Mount Points</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_14" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ7">Volume Quotas</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_15" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ8">Using Files in AFS</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_16" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ9">The Cache Manager</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_17" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ10">Updating Copies of Cached Files</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_18" HREF="auusg004.htm#Header_18">Multiple Users Modifying Files</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_19" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ11">AFS Security</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_20" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ12">Passwords and Mutual Authentication</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_21" HREF="auusg004.htm#Header_21">Access Control Lists</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_22" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ13">Differences Between UNIX and AFS</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_23" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ14">File Sharing</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_24" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ15">Login and Authentication</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_25" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ16">File and Directory Protection</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_26" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ17">Machine Outages</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_27" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ18">Remote Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_28" HREF="auusg004.htm#Header_28">Differences in the Semantics of Standard UNIX Commands</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_29" HREF="auusg004.htm#HDRWQ19">Using AFS with NFS</A>
</MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_30" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ20">Using AFS</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_31" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ21">Logging in and Authenticating with AFS</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_32" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ22">Logging In</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_33" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_33">To Log In Using an AFS-modified Login Utility</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_34" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ23">To Log In Using a Two-Step Login Procedure</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_35" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ24">Authenticating with AFS</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_42" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ29">To Authenticate with AFS</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_43" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ30">To Display Your Tokens</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_44" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_44">Example: Authenticating in the Local Cell</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_45" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_45">Example: Authenticating as a Another User</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_46" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_46">Example: Authenticating in a Foreign Cell</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_47" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ31">Limits on Failed Authentication Attempts</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_48" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ32">To Display Your Failed Authentication Limit and Lockout Time</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_49" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ33">Exiting an AFS Session</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_50" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_50">To Discard Tokens</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_51" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_51">Example: Unauthenticating from a Specific Cell</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_52" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_52">To Log Out</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_53" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ34">Accessing the AFS Filespace</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_54" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_54">AFS Pathnames</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_55" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_55">Example: Displaying the Contents of Another User's Directory</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_56" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ35">Accessing Foreign Cells</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_57" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ36">Changing Your Password</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_58" HREF="auusg005.htm#HDRWQ37">To Display Password Expiration Date and Reuse Policy</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_59" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_59">To Change Your AFS Password</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_60" HREF="auusg005.htm#Header_60">To Change Your UNIX Password</A>
</MENU></MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_61" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ38">Displaying Information about AFS</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_62" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ39">Displaying Volume Quota</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_63" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_63">To Display Percentage of Quota Used</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_64" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_64">Example: Displaying Percentage of Quota Used</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_65" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_65">To Display Quota and Other Information about a Volume</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_66" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_66">Example: Display Quota and Other Information about a Volume</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_67" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_67">To Display Quota and Other Information about a Volume and Partition</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_68" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_68">Example: Displaying Quota and Other Information about a Volume and Partition</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_69" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ40">Locating Files and Directories</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_70" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_70">To Display a File or Directory's Location</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_71" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_71">Example: Displaying Directory Location</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_72" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ41">Checking the Status of Server Machines</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_73" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_73">To Check File Server Machine Status</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_74" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_74">Example: Checking Server Machine Status</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_75" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ42">Determining Access to Foreign Cells</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_76" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_76">To Display Foreign Cells</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_77" HREF="auusg006.htm#HDRWQ43">Displaying Server Preference Ranks</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_78" HREF="auusg006.htm#Header_78">To Display Server Preference Ranks</A>
</MENU></MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_79" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ44">Protecting Your Directories and Files</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_80" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ45">Access Control Lists</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_81" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_81">Directory Level Access Control</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_82" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ46">The AFS ACL Permissions</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_83" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ47">The Four Directory Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_84" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ48">The Three File Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_85" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_85">The Eight Auxiliary Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_86" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_86">Shorthand Notation for Sets of Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_87" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ49">About Normal and Negative Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_88" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_88">Setting DFS ACLs</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_89" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ50">Using the System Groups on ACLs</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_90" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_90">Enabling Access to Subdirectories</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_91" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_91">Extending Access to Service Processes</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_92" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ51">Extending Access to Users from Foreign Cells</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_93" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ52">Displaying an ACL</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_94" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ53">To display an ACL</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_95" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_95">Example: Displaying the ACL on One Directory</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_96" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_96">Example: Displaying the ACLs on Multiple Directories</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_97" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ54">Changing an ACL</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_98" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ55">To Add, Remove, or Edit Normal ACL Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_99" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_99">Example: Adding a Single ACL Entry</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_100" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_100">Example: Setting Several ACL Entries on One Directory</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_101" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ56">To Add, Remove, or Edit Negative ACL Permissions</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_102" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_102">Example: Setting an Entry in the Negative Permissions Section</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_103" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_103">Example: Restoring Access by Removing an Entry from the Negative Permissions Section</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_104" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ57">Completely Replacing an ACL</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_105" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_105">To Replace an ACL Completely</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_106" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_106">Example: Replacing an ACL</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_107" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ58">Copying ACLs Between Directories</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_108" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_108">To Copy an ACL Between Directories</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_109" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_109">Example: Copying an ACL from One Directory to Another</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_110" HREF="auusg007.htm#HDRWQ59">How AFS Uses the UNIX Mode Bits</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_111" HREF="auusg007.htm#Header_111">Example: Disabling Write Access for a File</A>
</MENU></MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_112" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ60">Using Groups</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_113" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ61">About Groups</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_114" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ62">Suggestions for Using Groups Effectively</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_115" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ63">Group Names</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_116" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_116">Group-creation Quota</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_117" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ64">Displaying Group Information</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_118" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ65">To Display Group Membership</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_119" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_119">Example: Displaying the Members of a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_120" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_120">Example: Displaying the Groups to Which a User Belongs</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_121" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ66">To Display the Groups a User or Group Owns</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_122" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_122">Example: Displaying the Groups a Group Owns</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_123" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_123">Example: Displaying the Groups a User Owns</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_124" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ67">To Display A Group Entry</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_125" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_125">Example: Listing Information about a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_126" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_126">Example: Listing Group Information about a User</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_127" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ68">Creating Groups and Adding Members</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_128" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ69">To Create a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_129" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_129">Example: Creating a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_130" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ70">To Add Members to a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_131" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_131">Example: Adding Members to a Group</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_132" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ71">Removing Users from a Group and Deleting a Group</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_133" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_133">To Remove Members from a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_134" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_134">Example: Removing Group Members</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_135" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_135">To Delete a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_136" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_136">Example: Deleting a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_137" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_137">To Remove Obsolete ACL Entries</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_138" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_138">Example: Removing an Obsolete ACL Entry</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_139" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ72">Changing a Group's Owner or Name</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_140" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ73">To Change a Group's Owner</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_141" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_141">Example: Changing a Group's Owner to Another User</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_142" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_142">Example: Changing a Group's Owner to Itself</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_143" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_143">Example: Changing a Group's Owner to a Group</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_144" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_144">To Change a Group's Name</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_145" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_145">Example: Changing a Group's <VAR>group_name</VAR> Suffix</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_146" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_146">Example: Changing a Group's <VAR>owner_name</VAR> Prefix</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_147" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ74">Protecting Group-Related Information</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_148" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRPRIVACY-FLAGS">Interpreting the Privacy Flags</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_149" HREF="auusg008.htm#HDRWQ75">To Set a Group's Privacy Flags</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_150" HREF="auusg008.htm#Header_150">Example: Setting a Group's Privacy Flags</A>
</MENU></MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_151" HREF="auusg009.htm#HDRWQ76">Troubleshooting</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_152" HREF="auusg009.htm#HDRWQ77">Problem: Cannot Access, Copy, or Save File</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_153" HREF="auusg009.htm#HDRWQ78">Problem: Accidentally Removed Your Entry from an ACL</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_154" HREF="auusg009.htm#HDRWQ79">Error Message: "afs: Lost contact with fileserver"</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_155" HREF="auusg009.htm#Header_155">Error Message: "<VAR>command</VAR>: Connection timed out"</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_156" HREF="auusg009.htm#Header_156">Error Message: "fs: You don't have the required access rights on '<VAR>file</VAR>'"</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_157" HREF="auusg009.htm#Header_157">Error Message: "afs: failed to store file"</A>
</MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_158" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ80">Appendix A. Using the NFS/AFS Translator</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_159" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ81">Requirements for Using the NFS/AFS Translator</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_160" HREF="auusg010.htm#Header_160">Accessing AFS via the Translator</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_161" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ82">To Authenticate on a Supported Operating System</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_162" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ83">To Authenticate on an Unsupported Operating System</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_163" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ84">Troubleshooting the NFS/AFS Translator</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_164" HREF="auusg010.htm#HDRWQ85">Your NFS Client Machine is Frozen</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_165" HREF="auusg010.htm#Header_165">NFS/AFS Translator Reboots</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_166" HREF="auusg010.htm#Header_166">System Error Messages</A>
</MENU></MENU>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_167" HREF="auusg011.htm#HDRWQ86">Appendix B. AFS Command Syntax and Online Help</A></B><BR>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_168" HREF="auusg011.htm#HDRWQ87">AFS Command Syntax</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_169" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_169">Command Syntax Example</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_170" HREF="auusg011.htm#HDRWQ88">Rules for Using AFS Commands</A>
<MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_171" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_171">Spaces and Lines</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_172" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_172">Abbreviations and Aliases for Operation Codes</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_173" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_173">Omitting Argument Switches</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_174" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_174">Shortening Switches and Flags</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_175" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_175">Shortening Directory References</A>
</MENU>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_176" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_176">Commonly Used fs and pts Commands</A>
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<LI><A NAME="ToC_177" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_177">About the fs Commands</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_178" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_178">About the pts Commands</A>
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<LI><A NAME="ToC_179" HREF="auusg011.htm#HDRWQ89">Getting Help in AFS</A>
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<LI><A NAME="ToC_180" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_180">Displaying Command Syntax and Aliases</A>
<LI><A NAME="ToC_181" HREF="auusg011.htm#Header_181">Displaying Operation Code Descriptions</A>
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<P><B><A NAME="ToC_182" HREF="auusg012.htm#HDRWQ90">Appendix C. Glossary</A></B><BR>
<P><B><A NAME="ToC_183" HREF="auusg013.htm#HDRINDEX">Index</A></B><BR>
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