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Adding borders to your images {#tutorial_copyMakeBorder}
=============================
Goal
----
In this tutorial you will learn how to:
- Use the OpenCV function @ref cv::copyMakeBorder to set the borders (extra padding to your
image).
Theory
------
@note The explanation below belongs to the book **Learning OpenCV** by Bradski and Kaehler.
-# In our previous tutorial we learned to use convolution to operate on images. One problem that
naturally arises is how to handle the boundaries. How can we convolve them if the evaluated
points are at the edge of the image?
-# What most of OpenCV functions do is to copy a given image onto another slightly larger image and
then automatically pads the boundary (by any of the methods explained in the sample code just
below). This way, the convolution can be performed over the needed pixels without problems (the
extra padding is cut after the operation is done).
-# In this tutorial, we will briefly explore two ways of defining the extra padding (border) for an
image:
-# **BORDER_CONSTANT**: Pad the image with a constant value (i.e. black or \f$0\f$
-# **BORDER_REPLICATE**: The row or column at the very edge of the original is replicated to
the extra border.
This will be seen more clearly in the Code section.
Code
----
-# **What does this program do?**
- Load an image
- Let the user choose what kind of padding use in the input image. There are two options:
-# *Constant value border*: Applies a padding of a constant value for the whole border.
This value will be updated randomly each 0.5 seconds.
-# *Replicated border*: The border will be replicated from the pixel values at the edges of
the original image.
The user chooses either option by pressing 'c' (constant) or 'r' (replicate)
- The program finishes when the user presses 'ESC'
-# The tutorial code's is shown lines below. You can also download it from
[here](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/master/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp)
@include samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
Explanation
-----------
-# First we declare the variables we are going to use:
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp variables
Especial attention deserves the variable *rng* which is a random number generator. We use it to
generate the random border color, as we will see soon.
-# As usual we load our source image *src*:
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp load
-# After giving a short intro of how to use the program, we create a window:
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp create_window
-# Now we initialize the argument that defines the size of the borders (*top*, *bottom*, *left* and
*right*). We give them a value of 5% the size of *src*.
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp init_arguments
-# The program runs in a **for** loop. If the user presses 'c' or 'r', the *borderType* variable
takes the value of *BORDER_CONSTANT* or *BORDER_REPLICATE* respectively:
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp check_keypress
-# In each iteration (after 0.5 seconds), the variable *value* is updated...
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp update_value
with a random value generated by the **RNG** variable *rng*. This value is a number picked
randomly in the range \f$[0,255]\f$
-# Finally, we call the function @ref cv::copyMakeBorder to apply the respective padding:
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp copymakeborder
The arguments are:
-# *src*: Source image
-# *dst*: Destination image
-# *top*, *bottom*, *left*, *right*: Length in pixels of the borders at each side of the image.
We define them as being 5% of the original size of the image.
-# *borderType*: Define what type of border is applied. It can be constant or replicate for
this example.
-# *value*: If *borderType* is *BORDER_CONSTANT*, this is the value used to fill the border
pixels.
-# We display our output image in the image created previously
@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp display
Results
-------
-# After compiling the code above, you can execute it giving as argument the path of an image. The
result should be:
- By default, it begins with the border set to BORDER_CONSTANT. Hence, a succession of random
colored borders will be shown.
- If you press 'r', the border will become a replica of the edge pixels.
- If you press 'c', the random colored borders will appear again
- If you press 'ESC' the program will exit.
Below some screenshot showing how the border changes color and how the *BORDER_REPLICATE*
option looks:
|
