// ==========================================================================
//                 SeqAn - The Library for Sequence Analysis
// ==========================================================================
// Copyright (c) 2006-2013, Knut Reinert, FU Berlin
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// ==========================================================================
// Author: Manuel Holtgrewe <manuel.holtgrewe@fu-berlin.de>
// ==========================================================================
// Basic definitions for the module random.
// ==========================================================================

#ifndef SEQAN_RANDOM_RANDOM_BASE_H_
#define SEQAN_RANDOM_RANDOM_BASE_H_

namespace seqan {

// ===========================================================================
// Forwards, Tags.
// ===========================================================================

// Forward to MersenneTwister, really defined in random_mt19937.h.
struct MersenneTwister;

/*!
 * @class Rng
 * @headerfile <seqan/random.h>
 * @brief Random Number Generator
 *
 * @signature template <[typename TSpec]>
 *                     class Rng;
 *
 * @tparam TSpec Tag for selecting the specialization.  Defaults to MersenneTwister.
 *
 * @section Examples
 *
 * The following code shows how to generate random numbers and shuffle a text.
 *
 * @include demos/random/random.cpp
 *
 * @code{.console}
 * pickRandomNumber(rng) == 1608637542
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, uniformDouble) == 0.950714
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, uniformInt) == 27
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, normal) == 0.419823
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal) == 1.22431
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal2) == 2.78004
 * pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal3) == 0.00155248
 * shuffle("Hello World!") ==  o!reWlloHld
 * @endcode
 *
 * @see http://trac.seqan.de/wiki/Tutorial/Randomness
 */

/**
.Class.Rng:
..summary:Random Number Generator
..signature:Rng<>
..signature:Rng<TSpec>
..cat:Random
..param.TSpec:Random Number Generator specialization.
...default:@Spec.Mersenne Twister Rng@
..include:seqan/random.h
..wiki:Tutorial/Randomness|Tutorial: Randomness
..example
...text:The following code shows how to generate random numbers and shuffle a text.
...file:demos/random/random.cpp
...output:
pickRandomNumber(rng) == 1608637542
pickRandomNumber(rng, uniformDouble) == 0.950714
pickRandomNumber(rng, uniformInt) == 27
pickRandomNumber(rng, normal) == 0.419823
pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal) == 1.22431
pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal2) == 2.78004
pickRandomNumber(rng, logNormal3) == 0.00155248
shuffle("Hello World!") ==  o!reWlloHld
*/

template <typename TSpec = MersenneTwister>
class Rng;

/*!
 * @class Pdf
 * @headerfile <seqan/random.h>
 * @brief Probability Density Function
 *
 * @signature template <typename TSpec>
 *            class Pdf;
 *
 * @tparam TSpec Tag for selecting the specialization.
 *
 * Also see the <a href="http://trac.seqan.de/wiki/Tutorial/Randomness">SeqAn Randomness Tutorial</a>.
 */

/**
.Class.Pdf:
..summary:ProbabilityDensityFunction
..signature:Pdf<TSpec>
..cat:Random
..param.TSpec:Specialization.
..include:seqan/random.h
..wiki:Tutorial/Randomness|Tutorial: Randomness
*/

template <typename TSpec>
class Pdf;

// ===========================================================================
// Classes
// ===========================================================================

/*!
 * @fn Rng::operator()
 * @brief Function all operator.
 *
 * @signature TValue Rng::operator()();
 *
 * @return TValue Random number, TValue can be retrieved with Rng#Value.
 */

/**
.Memfunc.Rng#operator()
..class:Class.Rng
..summary:Function call operator.
..signature:operator()
*/

// ===========================================================================
// Metafunctions
// ===========================================================================

/*!
 * @mfn Pdf#Value
 * @brief Value type of a Pdf.
 *
 * @signature Value<TPdf>::Type
 *
 * @tparam TPdf The Pdf for the value type.
 * 
 * @return Type The value type of the Pdf.
 */

///.Metafunction.Value.param.T.type:Class.Pdf
///.Metafunction.Value.class:Class.Pdf
// specification only

/*!
 * @mfn Rng#Value
 * @brief Value type of a Rng.
 *
 * @signature Value<TRng>::Type
 * 
 * @tparam TRng the Rng to get the value type for.
 *
 * @return Type the value type for the Rng.
 */

/*!
 * @mfn Rng#MinValue
 * @brief Smallest value that a Rng can return.
 *
 * @signature MinValue<TRng>::VALUE;
 *
 * @tparam TRng The Rng object to get the smallest value for.
 *
 * @return VALUE The smallest value a Rng can return.
 */

/*!
 * @mfn Rng#MaxValue
 * @brief Largest value that a Rng can return.
 *
 * @signature MaxValue<TRng>::VALUE;
 *
 * @tparam TRng The Rng object to get the largest value for.
 *
 * @return VALUE The largest value a Rng can return.
 */

///.Metafunction.Value.param.T.type:Class.Rng
///.Metafunction.Value.class:Class.Rng
///.Metafunction.MinValue.param.T.type:Class.Rng
///.Metafunction.MinValue.class:Class.Rng
///.Metafunction.MaxValue.param.T.type:Class.Rng
///.Metafunction.MaxValue.class:Class.Rng

template <typename TSpec>
struct MaxValue<Rng<TSpec> >
{
    typedef typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type TValue_;
    static const TValue_ VALUE;
};

template <typename TSpec>
const typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type MaxValue<Rng<TSpec> >::VALUE = MaxValue<typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type>::VALUE;

template <typename TSpec>
struct MaxValue<Rng<TSpec> const>
{
	typedef typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type TValue_;
	static const TValue_ VALUE;
};

template <typename TSpec>
const typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type MaxValue<Rng<TSpec> const>::VALUE = MaxValue<typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type>::VALUE;

template <typename TSpec>
struct MinValue<Rng<TSpec> >
{
	typedef typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type TValue_;
	static const TValue_ VALUE;
};

template <typename TSpec>
const typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type MinValue<Rng<TSpec> >::VALUE = MinValue<typename Value<Rng<TSpec> >::Type>::VALUE;

template <typename TSpec>
struct MinValue<Rng<TSpec> const>
{
	typedef typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type TValue_;
	static const TValue_ VALUE;
};

template <typename TSpec>
const typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type MinValue<Rng<TSpec> const>::VALUE = MinValue<typename Value<Rng<TSpec> const>::Type>::VALUE;

/*!
 * @mfn GetDefaultRng
 * @headerfile <seqan/random.h>
 * @brief Return the default Rng to use in a given class, specialization, or algorithm.
 *
 * @signature GetDefaultRng<T>::Type;
 *
 * @tparam T The type or tag to get the default Rng for.
 *
 * @return Type The Rng type to use.
 *
 * @see defaultRng
 */

/**
.Metafunction.GetDefaultRng
..cat:Random
..summary:Return the default @Class.Rng|Random Number Generator@ to use in a given class, spezialiation or algorithm.
..signature:GetDefaultRng<T>::Type
..param.T:The class or algorithm tag to get the default @Class.Rng@ for.
..returns:The type of Rng specialization to use.
..remarks:Currently, the default value is @Spec.Mersenne Twister Rng@.
..see:Function.defaultRng
 */
template <typename T>
struct GetDefaultRng
{
    typedef Rng<MersenneTwister> Type;
};

// ===========================================================================
// Functions
// ===========================================================================

/*!
 * @fn Rng#pickRandomNumber
 * @brief Pick a random number using a random number generator, possibly using a probability density function.
 *
 * @signature TValue pickRandomNumber(rng[, pdf]);
 *
 * @param[in,out] rng The Rng to use.
 * @param[in]     pdf The probability density function to use.
 *
 * @return TValue A random number.  TValue is the value type of the rng if pdf is not given.  If pdf is given
 *                then it is of the value type of pdf.
 *
 * @section Remarks
 *
 * For more details see the <a href="http://trac.seqan.de/wiki/Tutorial/Randomness">SeqAn Tutorial on Randomness</a>.
 */

/**
.Function.pickRandomNumber
..class:Class.Rng
..class:Class.Pdf
..summary:Pick a random number using a random number generator object, possibly following the given distribution.
..cat:Random
..include:seqan/random.h
..wiki:Tutorial/Randomness|Tutorial: Randomness
..signature:pickRandomNumber(rng[, pdf])
..param.rng:Random number generator to use.
...type:Class.Rng
..param.pdf:Probability density function to use, if any.
...type:Class.Pdf
..returns:Random number as specified in pdf, if any, or rng. For more details refer to the SeqAn Tutorial.
 */
// specification only

/*!
 * @fn defaultRng
 * @headerfile <seqan/random.h>
 * @brief Return the default random number generator object of a given type.
 *
 * @signature TRng defaultRng<TRng>();
 *
 * @tparam TRng The random number generator type to construct.
 *
 * @return TRng Default random number generator of the given type TRng.
 *
 * @section Remarks
 *
 * The random number generator will be default constructed, i.e. with the default seed.
 *
 * This function is NOT thread-safe!  Also, data structures and functions using defaultRng are not thread-safe.  Data
 * structures using global random number generator state should use pointers.  This way, the random number generator
 * state to be used can be set to be thread-local.
 *
 * @see GetDefaultRng
 */

/**
.Function.defaultRng
..summary:Default default random number generator object of a given type.
..cat:Random
..signature:defaultRng<TRng>()
..param.TRng:Type of the @Class.Rng@ to return the global default object of.
...default:$MersenneTwister$
...type:nolink:$MersenneTwister$
..returns:Default random number generator object of the type given by $tag$.
..remarks:The random number generator will be default constructed, i.e. with the default seed.
..remarks:This function is NOT thread-safe! Also, data structures using such global state are not thread-safe! Data structures using global random number generator state should use pointers or @Class.Holder|Holder instances@. This way, the random number generator state to be used can be set to be thread-local.
..see:Metafunction.GetDefaultRng
 */

template <typename TRng>
inline TRng &
defaultRng()
{
    static TRng x;
    return x;
}


template <typename T>
inline typename GetDefaultRng<T>::Type &
defaultRng(T const &)
{
    typedef typename GetDefaultRng<T>::Type TRng;
    return defaultRng<TRng>();
}

}  // namespace seqan

#endif  // SEQAN_RANDOM_RANDOM_BASE_H_