File: manual.tex.in

package info (click to toggle)
orpie 1.5.2-2
  • links: PTS
  • area: main
  • in suites: buster
  • size: 1,924 kB
  • ctags: 2,720
  • sloc: ml: 13,872; ansic: 3,754; makefile: 310; sh: 11; python: 11
file content (1988 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 72,299 bytes parent folder | download | duplicates (2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
% Orpie documentation
%
% Notes:
% This document is designed to be processed with the 'latex2man' perl
% script.  This script has a preprocessor, which is the source of the
% IF LATEX ... ELSE ... END IF comments.
% "latex2man -CLATEX -L" will output pure tex source, which can be
% handled either via latex or hevea. (Also, latex2man sucks.  If you know 
% of a better tool that does the same job, I'd love to hear about it.)
% Hevea has its own preprocessor, which is the source of the BEGIN LATEX
% and HEVEA comments. (Hevea doesn't suck.)

\documentclass[11pt,notitlepage]{article}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{fullpage}
%@% ELSE %@%
\usepackage{latex2man}
\setVersion{1.4}
%@% END-IF %@%

% End preamble
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{document}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\title{Orpie v1.5 User Manual}
\author{Paul J. Pelzl}
\date{September 13, 2007}
\maketitle

\begin{center}
\emph{``Because the equals key is for the weak.''}
\end{center}

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
%@% ELSE %@%
%@% END-IF %@%

\section{Introduction}
Orpie is a console-based RPN (reverse polish notation) desktop
calculator.  The interface is similar to that of modern
Hewlett-Packard${}^{TM}$ calculators, but has been optimized for efficiency on
a PC keyboard.  The design is also influenced to some degree by the 
%BEGIN LATEX
Mutt email client\footnote{http://www.mutt.org} 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://www.mutt.org">Mutt email client</a> \end{rawhtml}
and the 
%BEGIN LATEX
Vim editor\footnote{http://vim.sf.net}.
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://vim.sf.net">Vim editor</a>. \end{rawhtml} 

Orpie does not have graphing capability, nor does it offer much in the way of a
programming interface; other applications such as 
%BEGIN LATEX
GNU Octave\footnote{http://www.octave.org} 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://www.octave.org">GNU Octave</a>. \end{rawhtml} 
are already very effective for such tasks.  Orpie focuses specifically on
helping you to crunch numbers quickly.

Orpie is written in 
%BEGIN LATEX
Objective Caml (aka OCaml)\footnote{http://caml.inria.fr/},
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://caml.inria.fr">Objective Caml</a> (aka OCaml), \end{rawhtml} 
a high-performance functional programming language with a whole lot of nice
features.  I highly recommend it.

\section{Installation}
This section describes how to install Orpie by compiling from source.  Volunteers have
pre-packaged Orpie for several popular operating systems, so you may be able to save
yourself some time by installing from those packages.  Please check the Orpie website for
up-to-date package information.

Before installing Orpie, you should have installed the 
%BEGIN LATEX
GNU Scientific Library (GSL)\footnote{http://sources.redhat.com/gsl/} 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://sources.redhat.com/gsl/">GNU Scientific Library</a> (GSL) \end{rawhtml} 
version 1.4 or greater.  You will also need a curses library (e.g.
%BEGIN LATEX
ncurses\footnote{http://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses.html}), 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/ncurses.html">ncurses</a>), \end{rawhtml} 
which is almost certainly already installed on your system.  Finally, OCaml
3.07 or higher is required to compile the sources.  You will need the Nums
library that is distributed with OCaml; if you install OCaml from binary packages
distributed by your OS vendor, you may find that separate Nums packages must also be
installed.

I will assume you have received this program in the form of a source tarball, 
e.g. ``\texttt{orpie-x.x.tar.gz}''.  You have undoubtedly extracted this archive 
already (e.g. using ``\texttt{tar xvzf orpie-x.x.tar.gz}'').  Enter the root of 
the Orpie installation directory, e.g. ``\texttt{cd orpie-x.x}''.  You can compile
the sources with the following sequence:
\begin{verbatim}
$ ./configure
$ make
\end{verbatim}
Finally, run ``\texttt{make install}'' (as root) to install the executables.
``\texttt{configure}'' accepts a number of parameters that you can learn about with
``\texttt{./configure --help}''.  Perhaps the most common of these is the {\tt
--prefix} option, which lets you install to a non-standard
directory\footnote{The default installation prefix is \texttt{/usr/local}.  The \texttt{orpierc} file
will be placed in \texttt{\$(prefix)/etc} by default; use the \texttt{--sysconfdir} option to 
choose a different location.}.  
%@% ELSE %@%
   %@% IF ORPIERC %@%
\begin{Name}{5}{orpierc}{Paul J. Pelzl}{configuration file for the Orpie calculator}{orpierc manpage}
   \texttt{orpierc} is the configuration textfile for the \Cmd{orpie}{1} console calculator.
\end{Name}
   %@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Name}{1}{orpie}{Paul J. Pelzl}{a console-based RPN calculator}{Orpie 1.0 Manpage}
   \Prog{orpie} is a console-based RPN calculator with an interactive visual stack.
\end{Name}

\section{Synopsis}
\Prog{orpie}
   %@% END-IF %@%
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF !ORPIERC %@%
\section{Quick Start}
%@% IF !LATEX %@%
CAUTION: while this manpage should be suitable as a quick reference, it may
be subject to miscellaneous shortcomings in typesetting.  The definitive 
documentation is the user manual provided with Orpie in PDF format.

%@% END-IF %@%
This section describes how to use Orpie in its default configuration.  After
familiarizing yourself with the basic operations as outlined in this section,
you may wish to consult 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{advanced} 
%@% ELSE %@%
the \Cmd{orpierc}{5} manpage
%@% END-IF %@%
to see how Orpie can be configured to better fit your needs.

\subsection{Overview}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
You can start the calculator by executing \texttt{orpie}.
%@% END-IF %@%
The interface has two
panels.  The left panel combines status information with context-sensitive help;
the right panel represents the calculator's stack.  (Note that the left panel
will be hidden if Orpie is run in a terminal with less than 80 columns.)

In general, you perform calculations by first entering data on to the stack,
then executing functions that operate on the stack data.  As an example, you can
hit \texttt{1<enter>2<enter>+} in order to add 1 and 2.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsection{Entering Data}
\subsubsection{Entering Real Numbers}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Real Numbers}
%@% END-IF %@%
To enter a real number, just type the desired digits and hit enter.  The space
bar will begin entry of a scientific notation exponent.  The '\texttt{n}' key is used
for negation.  Here are some examples:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
      \texttt{1.23<enter>} & \texttt{1.23} \\
      \texttt{1.23<space>23n<enter>} & \texttt{1.23e-23} \\
      \texttt{1.23n<space>23<enter>} & \texttt{-1.23e23} \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Complex Numbers}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Complex Numbers}
%@% END-IF %@%
Orpie can represent complex numbers using either cartesian (rectangular) or
polar coordinates.  See 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{rectpolar} 
%@% ELSE %@%
PERFORMING BASIC COMMAND OPERATIONS
%@% END-IF %@%
to see how to change the complex number display mode.

A complex number is entered by first pressing '\texttt{(}', then entering the real
part, then pressing '\texttt{,}' followed by the imaginary part.  Alternatively, you
can press '\texttt{(}' followed by the magnitude, then '\texttt{<}' followed by the
phase angle.  The angle will be interpreted in degrees or radians, depending on
the current setting of the angle mode 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
(see Section \ref{anglemode}).
%@% ELSE %@%
(see PERFORMING BASIC COMMAND OPERATIONS).
%@% END-IF %@%
Examples:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
      \texttt{(1.23, 4.56<enter>} & \texttt{(1.23, 4.56)} \\
      \texttt{(0.7072<45<enter>} & \texttt{(0.500065915655126, 0.50006591...} \\
      \texttt{(1.23n,4.56<space>10<enter>} & \texttt{(-1.23, 45600000000)} \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Matrices}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Matrices}
%@% END-IF %@%
You can enter matrices by pressing '\texttt{[}'.  The elements of the matrix may then be
entered as described in the previous sections, and should be separated using
'\texttt{,}'.  To start a new row of the matrix, press '\texttt{[}' again.  On the
stack, each row of the matrix is enclosed in a set of brackets; for example, the
matrix
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
\begin{displaymath}
   \left[
   \begin{matrix}
      1 & 2 \\
      3 & 4
   \end{matrix}
   \right]
\end{displaymath}
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{center}\begin{tabular}{|cc|}1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{tabular}\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
   1 & 2 \\
   3 & 4
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%
would appear on the stack as \texttt{[[1, 2][3, 4]]}.

Examples of matrix entry:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
      \texttt{[1,2[3,4<enter>} & \texttt{[[1, 2][3, 4]]} \\
      \texttt{[1.2<space>10,0[3n,5n<enter>} & \texttt{[[ 12000000000, 0 ][ -3, -5 ]]} \\
      \texttt{[(1,2,3,4[5,6,7,8<enter>} & \texttt{[[ (1, 2), (3, 4) ][ (5, 6), (...} \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Data With Units}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Data With Units}
%@% END-IF %@%
Real and complex scalars and matrices can optionally be labeled with units.  After typing
in the numeric portion of the data, press '\texttt{\_}' followed by a units string.  The format
of units strings is described in
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{unitsformat}.
%@% ELSE %@%
the UNITS FORMATTING section.
%@% END-IF %@%

Examples of entering dimensioned data:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
      \texttt{1.234\_N*mm\^{}2/s<enter>} & \texttt{1.234\_N*mm\^{}2*s\^{}-1} \\
      \texttt{(2.3,5\_s\^{}-4<enter>} & \texttt{(2.3, 5)\_s\^{}-4} \\
%@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{1.234\_N*mm\Circum2/s<enter>} & \texttt{1.234\_N*mm\Circum2*s\Circum-1} \\
      \texttt{(2.3,5\_s\Circum-4<enter>} & \texttt{(2.3, 5)\_s\Circum-4} \\
%@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{[1,2[3,4\_lbf*in<enter>} & \texttt{[[ 1, 2 ][ 3, 4 ]]\_lbf*in} \\
      \texttt{\_nm<enter>} & \texttt{1\_nm} \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Exact Integers}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Exact Integers}
%@% END-IF %@%
An exact integer may be entered by pressing '\texttt{\#}' followed by the desired
digits.  The base of the integer will be assumed to be the same as the current
calculator base mode (see 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{basemode} 
%@% ELSE %@%
PERFORMING BASIC COMMAND OPERATIONS
%@% END-IF %@%
to see how to set this mode).
Alternatively, the desired base may be specified by pressing space and appending
one of \{\texttt{b, o, d, h}\}, to represent binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal,
respectively.  On the stack, the representation of the integer will be changed
to match the current base mode.  Examples:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@% 
      \texttt{\#123456<enter>} & \texttt{\# 123456\`{}d} \\
      \texttt{\#ffff<space>h<enter>} & \texttt{\# 65535\`{}d} \\
      \texttt{\#10101n<space>b<enter>} & \texttt{\# -21\`{}d} \\
%@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{\#123456<enter>} & \texttt{\# 123456`d} \\
      \texttt{\#ffff<space>h<enter>} & \texttt{\# 65535`d} \\
      \texttt{\#10101n<space>b<enter>} & \texttt{\# -21`d} \\
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

Note that exact integers may have unlimited length, and the basic arithmetic
operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) will be performed
using exact arithmetic when both arguments are integers.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Variable Names}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Variable Names}
%@% END-IF %@%
A variable name may be entered by pressing '\texttt{@}' followed by the desired
variable name string.  The string may contain alphanumeric characters, dashes, and
underscores.  Example:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|r|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keypresses & Resulting Entry \\
      \hline
      \texttt{@myvar} & \texttt{@ myvar}\\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%
Orpie also supports autocompletion of variable names.  The help panel displays a
list of pre-existing variables that partially match the name currently being entered.
You can press '\texttt{<tab>}' to iterate through the list of matching variables.

As a shortcut, keys \texttt{<f1>-<f4>} will enter the variables (``registers'') 
\texttt{@ r01} through \texttt{@ r04}.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Physical Constants}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Physical Constants}
%@% END-IF %@%
Orpie includes definitions for a number of fundamental physical constants.  To
enter a constant, press '\texttt{C}', followed by the first few letters/digits
of the constant's symbol, then hit enter.  Orpie offers an autocompletion
feature for physical constants, so you only need to type enough of the constant
to identify it uniquely.  A list of matching constants will appear in the left
panel of the display, to assist you in finding the desired choice.

The following is a list of Orpie's physical constant symbols:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Symbol & Physical Constant \\
      \hline
      \texttt{NA}    & Avagadro's number \\
      \texttt{k}     & Boltzmann constant \\
      \texttt{Vm}    & molar volume \\
      \texttt{R}     & universal gas constant \\
      \texttt{stdT}  & standard temperature \\
      \texttt{stdP}  & standard pressure \\
      \texttt{sigma} & Stefan-Boltzmann constant \\
      \texttt{c}     & speed of light \\
      \texttt{eps0}  & permittivity of free space \\
      \texttt{u0}    & permeability of free space \\
      \texttt{g}     & acceleration of gravity \\
      \texttt{G}     & Newtonian gravitational constant \\
      \texttt{h}     & Planck's constant \\
      \texttt{hbar}  & Dirac's constant \\
      \texttt{e}     & electron charge \\
      \texttt{me}    & electron mass \\
      \texttt{mp}    & proton mass \\
      \texttt{alpha} & fine structure constant \\
      \texttt{phi}   & magnetic flux quantum \\
      \texttt{F}     & Faraday's constant \\
      \texttt{Rinf}  & ``infinity'' Rydberg constant \\
      \texttt{a0}    & Bohr radius \\
      \texttt{uB}    & Bohr magneton \\
      \texttt{uN}    & nuclear magneton \\
      \texttt{lam0}  & wavelength of a 1eV photon \\
      \texttt{f0}    & frequency of a 1eV photon \\
      \texttt{lamc}  & Compton wavelength \\
      \texttt{c3}    & Wien's constant \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

All physical constants are defined in the Orpie run-configuration file; consult
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{advanced} 
%@% ELSE %@%
the \Cmd{orpierc}{5} manpage
%@% END-IF %@%
if you wish to define your own constants or change the existing definitions.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Entering Data With an External Editor}
\label{editor}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Entering Data With an External Editor}
%@% END-IF %@%
Orpie can also parse input entered via an external editor.  You may find this to be
a convenient method for entering large matrices.  Pressing '\texttt{E}' will
launch the external editor, and the various data types may be entered as illustrated
by the examples below:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Data Type & Sample Input String \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
      exact integer & \texttt{\#12345678\`{}d}, where the trailing
                         letter is one of the base characters \{b, o, d, h\} \\
%@% ELSE %@%
      exact integer & \texttt{\#12345678`d}, where the trailing
                         letter is one of the base characters \{b, o, d, h\} \\
%@% END-IF %@%
      real number      & \texttt{-123.45e67} \\
      complex number   & \texttt{(1e10, 2)} or \texttt{(1 <90)} \\
      real matrix      & \texttt{[[1, 2][3.1, 4.5e10]]} \\
      complex matrix   & \texttt{[[(1, 0), 5][1e10, (2 <90)]]} \\
      variable         & \texttt{@myvar} \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%
Real and complex numbers and matrices may have units appended; just add a units
string such as ``\texttt{\_N*m/s}'' immediately following the numeric portion
of the expression.

Notice that the complex matrix input parser is quite flexible; real and complex
matrix elements may be mixed, and cartesian and polar complex formats may be
mixed as well.

Multiple stack entries may be specified in the same file, if they are separated
by whitespace.  For example, entering \texttt{(1, 2) 1.5} into the editor will cause
the complex value \texttt{(1, 2)} to be placed on the stack, followed by the real
value \texttt{1.5}.

The input parser will discard whitespace where possible, so feel free to add
any form of whitespace between matrix rows, matrix elements, real and complex
components, etc.  

\subsection{Executing Basic Function Operations}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\label{functionops}
%@% END-IF %@%
Once some data has been entered on the stack, you can apply operations to that
data.  For example, '\texttt{+}' will add the last two elements on the stack.  By
default, the following keys have been bound to such operations:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keys & Operations \\
      \hline
      \texttt{+} & add last two stack elements \\
      \texttt{-} & subtract element 1 from element 2 \\
      \texttt{*} & multiply last two stack elements \\
      \texttt{/} & divide element 2 by element 1 \\
      %@% IF LATEX %@%
      \texttt{\^{}} & raise element 2 to the power of element 1 \\
      %@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{\Circum} & raise element 2 to the power of element 1 \\
      %@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{n} & negate last element \\
      \texttt{i} & invert last element \\
      \texttt{s} & square root function \\
      \texttt{a} & absolute value function \\
      \texttt{e} & exponential function \\
      \texttt{l} & natural logarithm function \\
      \texttt{c} & complex conjugate function \\
      \texttt{!} & factorial function  \\
      \texttt{\%} & element 2 mod element 1 \\
      \texttt{S} & store element 2 in (variable) element 1 \\
      \texttt{;} & evaluate variable to obtain contents \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

As a shortcut, function operators will automatically enter any data that you
were in the process of entering.  So instead of the sequence 
\texttt{2<enter>2<enter>+}, you could type simply \texttt{2<enter>2+} and the second number
would be entered before the addition operation is applied.

As an additional shortcut, any variable names used as function arguments will
be evaluated before application of the function.  In other words, it is not necessary
to evaluate variables before performing arithmetic operations on them.

\subsection{Executing Function Abbreviations}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\label{abbrevfunctions}
%@% END-IF %@%
One could bind nearly all calculator operations to specific keypresses, but this
would rapidly get confusing since the PC keyboard is not labeled as nicely as a
calculator keyboard is.  For this reason, Orpie includes an 
\emph{abbreviation} syntax.

To activate an abbreviation, press '\texttt{'}' (quote key), followed by the
first few letters/digits of the abbreviation, then hit enter.  Orpie offers an
autocompletion feature for abbreviations, so you only need to type enough of
the operation to identify it uniquely.  The matching abbreviations will appear
in the left panel of the display, to assist you in finding the appropriate
operation.

To avoid interface conflicts, abbreviations may be entered only when the
entry buffer (the bottom line of the screen) is empty.

The following functions are available as abbreviations:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Abbreviations & Functions \\
      \hline
      \texttt{inv} & inverse function \\
      \texttt{pow} & raise element 2 to the power of element 1 \\
      \texttt{sq}  & square last element \\
      \texttt{sqrt} & square root function \\
      \texttt{abs} & absolute value function \\
      \texttt{exp} & exponential function \\
      \texttt{ln} & natural logarithm function \\
      %@% IF LATEX %@%
      \texttt{10\^{}} & base 10 exponential function \\
      %@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{10\Circum} & base 10 exponential function \\
      %@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{log10} & base 10 logarithm function \\
      \texttt{conj} & complex conjugate function \\
      \texttt{sin} & sine function \\
      \texttt{cos} & cosine function \\
      \texttt{tan} & tangent function \\
      \texttt{sinh} & hyperbolic sine function \\
      \texttt{cosh} & hyperbolic cosine function \\
      \texttt{tanh} & hyperbolic tangent function \\
      \texttt{asin} & arcsine function \\
      \texttt{acos} & arccosine function \\
      \texttt{atan} & arctangent function \\
      \texttt{asinh} & inverse hyperbolic sine function \\
      \texttt{acosh} & inverse hyperbolic cosine function \\
      \texttt{atanh} & inverse hyperbolic tangent function \\
      \texttt{re} & real part of complex number \\
      \texttt{im} & imaginary part of complex number \\
      \texttt{gamma} & Euler gamma function \\
      \texttt{lngamma} & natural log of Euler gamma function \\
      \texttt{erf} & error function \\
      \texttt{erfc} & complementary error function \\
      \texttt{fact} & factorial function \\
      \texttt{gcd} & greatest common divisor function \\
      \texttt{lcm} & least common multiple function \\
      \texttt{binom} & binomial coefficient function \\
      \texttt{perm} & permutation function \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
      \hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|}
      \hline 
      Abbreviations (con't) & Functions \\
      \hline
%END LATEX
%@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{trans} & matrix transpose \\
      \texttt{trace} & trace of a matrix \\
      \texttt{solvelin} & solve a linear system of the form Ax = b \\
      \texttt{mod} & element 2 mod element 1 \\
      \texttt{floor} & floor function \\
      \texttt{ceil} & ceiling function \\
      \texttt{toint} & convert a real number to an integer type \\
      \texttt{toreal} & convert an integer type to a real number \\
      \texttt{add} & add last two elements \\
      \texttt{sub} & subtract element 1 from element 2 \\
      \texttt{mult} & multiply last two elements \\
      \texttt{div} & divide element 2 by element 1 \\
      \texttt{neg} & negate last element \\
      \texttt{store} & store element 2 in (variable) element 1 \\
      \texttt{eval} & evaluate variable to obtain contents \\
      \texttt{purge} & delete a variable \\
      \texttt{total} & sum the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{mean} & compute the sample means of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{sumsq} & sum the squares of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{var} & compute the unbiased sample variances of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{varbias} & compute the biased (population) sample variances of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{stdev} & compute the unbiased sample standard deviations of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{stdevbias} & compute the biased (pop.) sample standard deviations of the columns of a matrix \\
      \texttt{min} & find the minima of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{max} & find the maxima of the columns of a real matrix \\
      \texttt{utpn} & compute the upper tail probability of a normal distribution \\
      \texttt{uconvert} & convert element 2 to an equivalent expression with units matching element 1 \\
      \texttt{ustand} & convert to equivalent expression using SI standard base units \\
      \texttt{uvalue} & drop the units of the last element \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

Entering abbreviations can become tedious when performing repetitive calculations.
To save some keystrokes, Orpie will automatically bind recently-used operations with no prexisting
binding to keys \texttt{<f5>-<f12>}.  The current autobindings can be viewed by pressing \texttt{'h'}
to cycle between the various pages of the help panel.

\subsection{Executing Basic Command Operations}
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\label{rectpolar}
\label{anglemode}
\label{basemode}
%@% END-IF %@%
In addition to the function operations listed in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{functionops},
%@% ELSE %@%
the section EXECUTING BASIC FUNCTION OPERATIONS,
%@% END-IF %@%
a number of basic calculator commands have been bound to single keypresses:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keys & Operations \\
      \hline
      %@% IF LATEX %@%
      \texttt{$\backslash$} & drop last element \\
      %@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{\Bs} & drop last element \\
      %@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{|} & clear all stack elements \\
      \texttt{<pagedown>} & swap last two elements \\
      \texttt{<enter>} & duplicate last element (when entry buffer is empty) \\
      \texttt{u} & undo last operation \\
      \texttt{r} & toggle angle mode between degrees and radians \\
      \texttt{p} & toggle complex display mode between rectangular and polar \\
      \texttt{b} & cycle base display mode between binary, octal, decimal, hex \\
      \texttt{h} & cycle through multiple help windows \\
      \texttt{v} & view last stack element in a fullscreen editor \\
      \texttt{E} & create a new stack element using an external editor \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
      \texttt{P} & enter $\pi$ on the stack \\
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \texttt{P} & enter 3.1415\dots on the stack \\
%@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{P} & enter 3.14159265 on the stack \\
%@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{C-L} & refresh the display \\
      \texttt{<up>} & begin stack browsing mode \\
      \texttt{Q} & quit Orpie \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

\subsection{Executing Command Abbreviations}
In addition to the function operations listed in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{abbrevfunctions}, 
%@% ELSE %@%
the section EXECUTING FUNCTION ABBREVIATIONS,
%@% END-IF %@%
there are a large number of calculator commands that
have been implemented using the abbreviation syntax:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|l|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Abbreviations & Calculator Operation \\
      \hline
      \texttt{drop} & drop last element \\
      \texttt{clear} & clear all stack elements \\
      \texttt{swap} & swap last two elements \\
      \texttt{dup} & duplicate last element \\
      \texttt{undo} & undo last operation \\
      \texttt{rad} & set angle mode to radians \\
      \texttt{deg} & set angle mode to degrees \\
      \texttt{rect} & set complex display mode to rectangular \\
      \texttt{polar} & set complex display mode to polar \\
      \texttt{bin} & set base display mode to binary \\
      \texttt{oct} & set base display mode to octal \\
      \texttt{dec} & set base display mode to decimal \\
      \texttt{hex} & set base display mode to hexidecimal \\
      \texttt{view} & view last stack element in a fullscreen editor \\
      \texttt{edit} & create a new stack element using an external editor \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
      \texttt{pi} & enter $\pi$ on the stack \\
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \texttt{pi} & enter 3.1415\dots on the stack \\
%@% ELSE %@%
      \texttt{pi} & enter 3.14159265 on the stack \\
%@% END-IF %@%
      \texttt{rand} & generate a random number between 0 and 1 (uniformly distributed) \\
      \texttt{refresh} & refresh the display \\
      \texttt{about} & display a nifty ``About Orpie'' screen \\
      \texttt{quit} & quit Orpie \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

\subsection{Browsing the Stack}
Orpie offers a \emph{stack browsing mode} to assist in viewing and manipulating
stack data.  Press \texttt{<up>} to enter stack browsing mode; this should
highlight the last stack element.  You can use the up and down arrow keys to
select different stack elements.  The following keys are useful in stack
browsing mode:
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      Keys & Operations \\
      \hline
      \texttt{q} & quit stack browsing mode \\
      \texttt{<left>} & scroll selected entry to the left \\
      \texttt{<right>} & scroll selected entry to the right \\
      \texttt{r} & cyclically ``roll'' stack elements downward, below the selected element (inclusive) \\
      \texttt{R} & cyclically ``roll'' stack elements upward, below the selected element (inclusive) \\
      \texttt{v} & view the currently selected element in a fullscreen editor \\
      \texttt{E} & edit the currently selected element with an external editor \\
      \texttt{<enter>} & duplicate the currently selected element \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

The left and right scrolling option may prove useful for viewing very lengthy
stack entries, such as large matrices.  The edit option provides a convenient
way to correct data after it has been entered on the stack.

\subsection{Units Formatting}
A units string is a list of units separated by '\texttt{*}' to indicate multiplication
and '\texttt{/}' to indicate division.  Units may be raised to real-valued powers
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\label{unitsformat}
using the '\texttt{\^{}}' character.  A contrived example of a valid unit string would be 
"\texttt{N*nm\^{}2*kg/s/in\^{}-3*GHz\^{}2.34}".
%@% ELSE %@%
using the '\texttt{\Circum}' character.  A contrived example of a valid unit string would be 
"\texttt{N*nm\Circum2*kg/s/in\Circum-3*GHz\Circum2.34}".
%@% END-IF %@%

Orpie supports the standard SI prefix set, 
\texttt{\{y, z, a, f, p, n, u, m, c, d, da, h, k, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y\}}
(note the use of '\texttt{u}' for micro-).  These prefixes may be applied
to any of the following exhaustive sets of units:

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Length Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{m} & meter \\
      \texttt{ft} & foot \\
      \texttt{in} & inch \\
      \texttt{yd} & yard \\
      \texttt{mi} & mile \\
      \texttt{pc} & parsec \\
      \texttt{AU} & astronomical unit \\
      \texttt{Ang} & angstrom \\
      \texttt{furlong} & furlong \\
      \texttt{pt} & PostScript point \\
      \texttt{pica} & PostScript pica \\
      \texttt{nmi} & nautical mile \\
      \texttt{lyr} & lightyear \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Mass Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{g} & gram \\
      \texttt{lb} & pound mass \\
      \texttt{oz} & ounce \\
      \texttt{slug} & slug \\
      \texttt{lbt} & Troy pound \\
      \texttt{ton} & (USA) short ton \\
      \texttt{tonl} & (UK) long ton \\
      \texttt{tonm} & metric ton \\
      \texttt{ct} & carat \\
      \texttt{gr} & grain \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Time Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{s} & second \\
      \texttt{min} & minute \\
      \texttt{hr} & hour \\
      \texttt{day} & day \\
      \texttt{yr} & year \\
      \texttt{Hz} & Hertz \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Temperature Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{K} & Kelvin \\
      \texttt{R} & Rankine \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%
Note: No, Celsius and Fahrenheit will not be supported.  Because these
temperature units do not share a common zero point, their behavior is
ill-defined under many operations.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & ``Amount of Substance'' Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{mol} & Mole \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Force Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{N} & Newton \\
      \texttt{lbf} & pound force \\
      \texttt{dyn} & dyne \\
      \texttt{kip} & kip \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Energy Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{J} & Joule \\
      \texttt{erg} & erg \\
      \texttt{cal} & calorie \\
      \texttt{BTU} & british thermal unit \\
      \texttt{eV} & electron volt \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Electrical Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{A} & Ampere \\
      \texttt{C} & Coulomb \\
      \texttt{V} & volt \\
      \texttt{Ohm} & Ohm \\
      \texttt{F} & Farad \\
      \texttt{H} & Henry \\
      \texttt{T} & Tesla \\
      \texttt{G} & Gauss \\
      \texttt{Wb} & Weber \\
      \texttt{Mx} & Maxwell \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Power Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{W} & Watt \\
      \texttt{hp} & horsepower \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Pressure Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{Pa} & Pascal \\
      \texttt{atm} & atmosphere \\
      \texttt{bar} & bar \\
      \texttt{Ohm} & Ohm \\
      \texttt{mmHg} & millimeters of mercury \\
      \texttt{inHg} & inches of mercury \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Luminance Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{cd} & candela \\
      \texttt{lm} & lumen \\
      \texttt{lx} & lux \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%
Note: Although the lumen is defined by
\texttt{1\_lm = 1\_cd * sr}, Orpie drops the steridian because it is
a dimensionless unit and therefore is of questionable use to a calculator.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|r|l|}
%@% ELSE %@%
\begin{Table}{2}
%@% END-IF %@%
      \hline 
      String & Volume Unit \\
      \hline
      \texttt{ozfl} & fluid ounce (US) \\
      \texttt{cup}  & cup (US) \\
      \texttt{pt}   & pint (US) \\
      \texttt{qt}   & quart (US) \\
      \texttt{gal}  & gallon (US) \\
      \texttt{L}    & liter \\
      \hline
%@% IF LATEX %@%
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%@% ELSE %@%
\end{Table}
%@% END-IF %@%

All units are defined in the Orpie run-configuration file; consult
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{advanced} 
%@% ELSE %@%
the \Cmd{orpierc}{5} manpage
%@% END-IF %@%
if you wish to define your own units or change the existing definitions.


%@% END-IF %@%
% (!ORPIERC)

%@% IF LATEX || ORPIERC %@%
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\section{Advanced Configuration}
\label{advanced}
%@% ELSE %@%
\section{Introduction}
CAUTION: while this manpage should be suitable as a quick reference, it may
be subject to miscellaneous shortcomings in typesetting.  The definitive 
documentation is the user manual provided with Orpie in PDF format.

%@% END-IF %@%
Orpie reads a run-configuration textfile (generally \texttt{/etc/orpierc} or
\texttt{/usr/local/etc/orpierc}) to determine key and command bindings.  You can
create a personalized configuration file in \texttt{\$HOME/.orpierc}, and select
bindings that match your usage patterns.  The recommended procedure is to ``include''
the \texttt{orpierc} file provided with Orpie 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
(see Section \ref{include}), 
%@% ELSE %@%
(see INCLUDING OTHER RCFILES),
%@% END-IF %@%
and add or remove settings as desired.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsection{\texttt{orpierc} Syntax}
%@% ELSE %@%
\section{\texttt{orpierc} Syntax}
%@% END-IF %@%
You may notice that the \texttt{orpierc} syntax is similar to the syntax used in
the configuration file for the Mutt email client (muttrc).

Within the \texttt{orpierc} file, strings should be enclosed in double quotes (\texttt{"}).
A double quote character inside a string may be represented by 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\texttt{$\backslash$"} .
%@% ELSE %@%
\Bs " .
%@% END-IF %@%
The backslash character must be represented by doubling it 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
(\texttt{$\backslash\backslash$}).
%@% ELSE %@%
(\Bs\Bs).
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Including Other Rcfiles}
\label{include}
Syntax: \texttt{include \emph{filename\_string}} \\ \\
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Including Other Rcfiles}
Syntax: include \emph{filename\_string} \\ \\
%@% END-IF %@%
This syntax can be used to include one run-configuration file within another.
This command could be used to load the default \texttt{orpierc} file (probably
found in \texttt{/etc/orpierc}) within your personalized rcfile,
\texttt{\~{}/.orpierc}.  The filename string should be enclosed in quotes.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Setting Configuration Variables}
\label{setvar}
Syntax: \texttt{set \emph{variable}=\emph{value\_string}} \\ \\
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Setting Configuration Variables}
Syntax: set \emph{variable}=\emph{value\_string} \\ \\
%@% END-IF %@%
Several configuration variables can be set using this syntax; check
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{variables}
%@% ELSE %@%
the CONFIGURATION VARIABLES description
%@% END-IF %@%
to see a list.  The variables are unquoted, but the values should be quoted strings.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Key Bindings}
\label{bindings}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Key Bindings}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{bind \emph{key\_identifier operation}} \\ \\
This command will bind a keypress to execute a calculator operation.  
The various operations, which should not be enclosed in quotes,
may be found in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{operationslist}. 
%@% ELSE %@%
the section on CALCULATOR OPERATIONS.
%@% END-IF %@%
Key identifiers may be specified by strings that represent a single keypress,
for example \texttt{"m"} (quotes included).  The key may be prefixed with 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\texttt{"$\backslash\backslash$C"} or \texttt{"$\backslash\backslash$M"} 
%@% ELSE %@%
"\Bs\Bs C" or "\Bs\Bs M"
%@% END-IF %@%
to represent Control or Meta (Alt) modifiers, respectively; note that the
backslash must be doubled.  A number of special keys lack single-character
representations, so the following strings may be used to represent them:
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{"<esc>"}
   \item \texttt{"<tab>"}
   \item \texttt{"<enter>"}
   \item \texttt{"<return>"}
   \item \texttt{"<insert>"}
   \item \texttt{"<home>"}
   \item \texttt{"<end>"}
   \item \texttt{"<pageup>"}
   \item \texttt{"<pagedown>"}
   \item \texttt{"<space>"}
   \item \texttt{"<left>"}
   \item \texttt{"<right>"}
   \item \texttt{"<up>"}
   \item \texttt{"<down>"}
   \item \texttt{"<f1>"} to \texttt{"<f12>"}
\end{itemize}
Due to differences between various terminal emulators, this key identifier syntax may
not be adequate to describe every keypress.  As a workaround, Orpie will also accept key
identifiers in octal notation.  As an example, you could use 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
\texttt{$\backslash$024} 
%@% ELSE %@%
\Bs 024
%@% END-IF %@%
(do \emph{not} enclose it in quotes) to represent Ctrl-T.

Orpie includes a secondary executable, \texttt{orpie-curses-keys}, that prints out
the key identifiers associated with keypresses.  You may find it useful when customizing
\texttt{orpierc}.

Multiple keys may be bound to the same operation, if desired.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Removing Key Bindings}
\label{unbindings}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Removing Key Bindings}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \\
\texttt{unbind\_function \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_command \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_edit \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_browse \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_abbrev \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_variable \emph{key\_identifier}} \\
\texttt{unbind\_integer \emph{key\_identifier}} \\ \\
These commands will remove key bindings associated with the various entry
modes (functions, commands, editing operations, etc.).  The key identifiers
should be defined using the syntax described in the previous section.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Key Auto-Bindings}
\label{autobindings}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Key Auto-Bindings}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{autobind \emph{key\_identifier}} \\ \\
In order to make repetitive calculations more pleasant, Orpie offers an automatic key
binding feature.  When a function or command is executed using its abbreviation, 
one of the keys selected by the \texttt{autobind} syntax will be 
automatically bound to that operation (unless the operation has already been bound 
to a key).  The current set of autobindings can be viewed in the help panel by executing
\texttt{command\_cycle\_help} (bound to \texttt{'h'} by default).

The syntax for the key identifiers is provided in the previous section.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Operation Abbreviations}
\label{abbreviations}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Operation Abbreviations}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{abbrev \emph{operation\_abbreviation operation}} \\ \\
You can use this syntax to set the abbreviations used within Orpie to represent the 
various functions and commands.  A list of available operations may be found in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{operationslist}.
%@% ELSE %@%
the CALCULATOR OPERATIONS section.
%@% END-IF %@%
The operation abbreviations should be quoted strings, for example \texttt{"sin"}
or \texttt{"log"}.

Orpie performs autocompletion on these abbreviations, allowing you to type
usually just a few letters in order to select the desired command.  The order of the
autocompletion matches will be the same as the order in which the abbreviations are
registered by the rcfile--so you may wish to place the more commonly used operation
abbreviations earlier in the list.

Multiple abbreviations may be bound to the same operation, if desired.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Removing Operation Abbreviations}
\label{unabbreviations}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Removing Operation Abbreviations}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{unabbrev \emph{operation\_abbreviation}} \\ \\
This syntax can be used to remove an operation abbreviation.  The operation abbreviations
should be quoted strings, as described in the previous section.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Macros}
\label{macros}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Macros}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{macro \emph{key\_identifier macro\_string}} \\ \\
You can use this syntax to cause a single keypress (the \emph{key\_identifier})
to be interpreted as the series of keypresses listed in \emph{macro\_string}.
The syntax for defining a keypress is the same as that defined in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Section \ref{bindings}.  
%@% ELSE %@%
the section on CREATING KEY BINDINGS.
%@% END-IF %@%
The macro string should be a list of whitespace-separated keypresses, e.g.
\texttt{"2 <return> 2 +"} (including quotes).

This macro syntax provides a way to create small programs; by way of example,
the default orpierc file includes macros for the base 2 logarithm and the
binary entropy function (bound to \texttt{L} and \texttt{H}, respectively),
as well as ``register'' variable shortcuts (\texttt{<f1>} to \texttt{<f12>}).

Macros may call other macros recursively.  However, take care that a macro does
not call \emph{itself} recursively; Orpie will not trap the infinite loop.

Note that operation abbreviations may be accessed within macros.  For example,
\texttt{macro "A" "' a b o u t <return>"} would bind \texttt{A} to display
the ``about Orpie'' screen.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Units}
\label{units}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Units}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \\
\texttt{base\_unit \emph{unit\_symbol preferred\_prefix}} \\
\texttt{unit \emph{unit\_symbol unit\_definition}} \\ \\
Units are defined in a two-step process:  
\begin{enumerate}
   \item Define a set of orthogonal ``base units.''  All other units must be expressible 
      in terms of these base units.  The base units can be given a preferred SI prefix,
      which will be used whenever the units are standardized (e.g. via \texttt{ustand}).
      The unit symbols and preferred prefixes should all be quoted strings; to prefer
      \emph{no} prefix, use the empty string (\texttt{""}).

      It is expected that most users will use the fundamental SI units for base units.
   \item Define all other units in terms of either base units or previously-defined units.
      Again, the unit symbol and unit definition should be quoted strings.  The definition
      should take the form of a numeric value followed by a units string, e.g.
      \texttt{"2.5\_kN*m/s"}.  See
      %@% IF LATEX %@%
      Section \ref{unitsformat}
      %@% ELSE %@%
      the UNITS FORMATTING section
      %@% END-IF %@%
      for more details on the unit string format.
\end{enumerate}


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Creating Constants}
\label{constants}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Creating Constants}
%@% END-IF %@%
Syntax: \texttt{constant \emph{constant\_symbol constant\_definition}} \\ \\
This syntax can be used to define a physical constant.  Both the constant symbol
and definition must be quoted strings.  The constant definition should be a
numeric constant followed by a units string e.g. \texttt{"1.60217733e-19\_C"}.
All units used in the constant definition must already have been defined.


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsection{Configuration Variables}
\label{variables}
The following configuration variables may be set as described in Section \ref{setvar}:
%@% ELSE %@%
\section{Configuration Variables}
The following configuration variables may be set as described in the SETTING 
CONFIGURATION VARIABLES section.
%@% END-IF %@%
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{datadir} \\
      This variable should be set to the full path of the Orpie data directory, 
      which will contain the calculator state save file, temporary buffers, etc.
      The default directory is
      %@% IF LATEX %@%
      \texttt{"\~{}/.orpie/"}.
      %@% ELSE %@%
      "\Bs\Tilde /.orpie/".
      %@% END-IF %@%
   \item \texttt{editor} \\
      This variable may be set to the fullscreen editor of your choice.  The default
      value is \texttt{"vi"}.  It is recommended that you choose an editor that offers
      horizontal scrolling in place of word wrapping, so that the columns of large 
      matrices can be properly aligned.  (The Vim editor could be used in this fashion
      by setting \texttt{editor} to \texttt{"vim -c 'set nowrap'"}.)
   \item \texttt{hide\_help} \\
      Set this variable to \texttt{"true"} to hide the left help/status panel, or leave
      it on the default of \texttt{"false"} to display the help panel.
   \item \texttt{conserve\_memory} \\
      Set this variable to \texttt{"true"} to minimize memory usage, or leave it on
      the default of \texttt{"false"} to improve rendering performance.  (By default,
      Orpie caches multiple string representations of all stack elements.  Very large
      integers in particular require significant computation for string representation,
      so caching these strings can make display updates much faster.)
\end{itemize}

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsection{Calculator Operations}
\label{operationslist}
%@% ELSE %@%
\section{Calculator Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
Every calculator operation can be made available to the interface using the syntax
described in 
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Sections \ref{bindings} and \ref{abbreviations}.  
%@% ELSE %@%
the sections on CREATING KEY BINDINGS and CREATING OPERATION ABBREVIATIONS.
%@% END-IF %@%
The following is a list of every available operation.

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Functions}
\label{functions}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Functions}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following operations are functions--that is, they will consume at least one
argument from the stack.  Orpie will generally abort the computation and
provide an informative error message if a function cannot be successfully applied (for
example, if you try to compute the transpose of something that is not a matrix).

For the exact integer data type, basic arithmetic operations will yield an exact
integer result.  Division of two exact integers will yield the quotient of
the division.  The more complicated functions will generally promote the integer
to a real number, and as such the arithmetic will no longer be exact.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{function\_10\_x} \\
      Raise 10 to the power of the last stack element (inverse of function\_log10).
   \item \texttt{function\_abs} \\
      Compute the absolute value of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_acos} \\
      Compute the inverse cosine of the last stack element.  For real numbers,
      The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on
      the angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_acosh} \\
      Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_add} \\
      Add last two stack elements.
   \item \texttt{function\_arg} \\
      Compute the argument (phase angle of complex number) of the last stack
      element.  The value will be provided in either degrees or radians,
      depending on the current angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_asin} \\
      Compute the inverse sine of the last stack element.  For real numbers,
      The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on
      the angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_asinh} \\
      Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_atan} \\
      Compute the inverse tangent of the last stack element.  For real numbers,
      The result will be provided either in degrees or radians, depending on
      the angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_atanh} \\
      Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_binomial\_coeff} \\
      Compute the binomial coefficient (``n choose k'') formed by the last two
      stack elements.  If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed
      using a fast approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore
      the result is subject to rounding errors.  For exact integer arguments,
      the coefficient is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential
      to be a slow operation.
   \item \texttt{function\_ceiling} \\
      Compute the ceiling of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_convert\_units} \\
      Convert stack element 2 to an equivalent expression in the units of
      element 1.  Element 1 should be real-valued, and its magnitude will
      be ignored when computing the conversion.
   \item \texttt{function\_cos} \\
      Compute the cosine of the last stack element.  If the argument is real,
      it will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the
      angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_cosh} \\
      Compute the hyperbolic cosine of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_conj} \\
      Compute the complex conjugate of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_div} \\
      Divide element 2 by element 1.
   \item \texttt{function\_erf} \\
      Compute the error function of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_erfc} \\
      Compute the complementary error function of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_eval} \\
      Obtain the contents of the variable in the last stack position.
   \item \texttt{function\_exp} \\
      Evaluate the exponential function of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_factorial} \\
      Compute the factorial of the last stack element.  For a real argument,
      this is computed using a fast approximation to the gamma function,
      and therefore the result may be subject to rounding errors (or overflow).  For an 
      exact integer argument, the factorial is computed using exact arithmetic; 
      this has the potential to be a slow operation.
   \item \texttt{function\_floor} \\
      Compute the floor of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_gamma} \\
      Compute the Euler gamma function of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_gcd} \\
      Compute the greatest common divisor of the last two stack elements.  This operation
      may be applied only to integer type data.
   \item \texttt{function\_im} \\
      Compute the imaginary part of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_inv} \\
      Compute the multiplicative inverse of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_lcm} \\
      Compute the least common multiple of the last two stack elements.  This
      operation may be applied only to integer type data.
   \item \texttt{function\_ln} \\
      Compute the natural logarithm of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_lngamma} \\
      Compute the natural logarithm of the Euler gamma function of the last
      stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_log10} \\
      Compute the base-10 logarithm of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_maximum} \\
      Find the maximum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix,
      returning a 1xM matrix as a result.
   \item \texttt{function\_minimum} \\
      Find the minimum values of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix,
      returning a 1xM matrix as a result.
   \item \texttt{function\_mean} \\
      Compute the sample means of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix,
      returning a 1xM matrix as a result.
   \item \texttt{function\_mod} \\
      Compute element 2 mod element 1.  This operation can be applied only
      to integer type data.
   \item \texttt{function\_mult} \\
      Multiply last two stack elements.
   \item \texttt{function\_neg} \\
      Negate last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_permutation} \\
      Compute the permutation coefficient determined by the last two stack
      elements 'n' and 'k': the number of ways of obtaining an ordered subset
      of k elements from a set of n elements.
      If these arguments are real, the coefficient is computed
      using a fast approximation to the log of the gamma function, and therefore
      the result is subject to rounding errors.  For exact integer arguments,
      the coefficient is computed using exact arithmetic; this has the potential
      to be a slow operation.
   \item \texttt{function\_pow} \\
      Raise element 2 to the power of element 1.
   \item \texttt{function\_purge} \\
      Delete the variable in the last stack position.
   \item \texttt{function\_re} \\
      Compute the real part of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_sin} \\
      Compute the sine of the last stack element.  If the argument is real, it
      will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the angle
      mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_sinh} \\
      Compute the hyperbolic sine of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_solve\_linear} \\
      Solve a linear system of the form Ax = b, where A and b are the last
      two elements on the stack.  A must be a square matrix and b must
      be a matrix with one column.  This function does not compute inv(A),
      but obtains the solution by a more efficient LU decomposition method.
      This function is recommended over explicitly computing the inverse,
      especially when solving linear systems with relatively large dimension or
      with poorly conditioned matrices.
   \item \texttt{function\_sq} \\
      Square the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_sqrt} \\
      Compute the square root of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_standardize\_units} \\
      Convert the last stack element to an equivalent expression using the SI standard
      base units (kg, m, s, etc.).
   \item \texttt{function\_stdev\_unbiased} \\
      Compute the unbiased sample standard deviation of each of the columns of a real NxM
      matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.  (Compare to HP48's \texttt{sdev}
      function.)
   \item \texttt{function\_stdev\_biased} \\
      Compute the biased (population) sample standard deviation of each of the columns 
      of a real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.  (Compare to 
      HP48's \texttt{psdev} function.)
   \item \texttt{function\_store} \\
      Store element 2 in (variable) element 1.
   \item \texttt{function\_sub} \\
      Subtract element 1 from element 2.
   \item \texttt{function\_sumsq} \\
      Sum the squares of each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a
      1xM matrix as a result.
   \item \texttt{function\_tan} \\
      Compute the tangent of the last stack element.  If the argument is real,
      it will be assumed to be either degrees or radians, depending on the
      angle mode of the calculator.
   \item \texttt{function\_tanh} \\
      Compute the hyperbolic tangent of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_to\_int} \\
      Convert a real number to an integer type.
   \item \texttt{function\_to\_real} \\
      Convert an integer type to a real number.
   \item \texttt{function\_total} \\
      Sum each of the columns of a real NxM matrix, returning a
      1xM matrix as a result.
   \item \texttt{function\_trace} \\
      Compute the trace of a square matrix.
   \item \texttt{function\_transpose} \\
      Compute the matrix transpose of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_unit\_value} \\
      Drop the units of the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{function\_utpn} \\
      Compute the upper tail probability of a normal distribution. \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
      $utpn(m, v, x) = \int_x^\infty \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi v}} \exp \left(- \frac{(m - y)^2}{2 v} \right) \,dy$
%END LATEX
%HEVEA UTPN(m, v, x) = Integrate[ 1/Sqrt[2 Pi v] Exp[-(m-y)${}^2$/(2 v)], \{y, x, Infinity\}]
%@% ELSE %@%
      UTPN(m, v, x) = Integrate[ 1/Sqrt[2 Pi v] Exp[-(m-y)^2/(2 v)], {y, x, Infinity}]
%@% END-IF %@%
   \item \texttt{function\_var\_unbiased} \\
      Compute the unbiased sample variance of each of the columns of a real NxM
      matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.  (Compare to HP48's \texttt{var}
      function.)
   \item \texttt{function\_var\_biased} \\
      Compute the biased (population) sample variance of each of the columns of a
      real NxM matrix, returning a 1xM matrix as a result.  (Compare to HP48's
      \texttt{pvar} function.)

\end{itemize}


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Commands}
\label{commands}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Commands}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following operations are referred to as commands; they differ from functions because
they do not take an argument.  Many calculator interface settings are implemented as commands.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{command\_about} \\
      Display a nifty ``about Orpie'' credits screen.
   \item \texttt{command\_begin\_abbrev} \\
      Begin entry of an operation abbreviation.
   \item \texttt{command\_begin\_browsing} \\
      Enter stack browsing mode.
   \item \texttt{command\_begin\_constant} \\
      Begin entry of a physical constant.
   \item \texttt{command\_begin\_variable} \\
      Begin entry of a variable name.
   \item \texttt{command\_bin} \\
      Set the base of exact integer representation to 2 (binary).
   \item \texttt{command\_clear} \\
      Clear all elements from the stack.
   \item \texttt{command\_cycle\_base} \\
      Cycle the base of exact integer representation between 2, 8,
      10, and 16 (bin, oct, dec, and hex).
   \item \texttt{command\_cycle\_help} \\
      Cycle through multiple help pages.  The first page displays commonly used
      bindings, and the second page displays the current autobindings.
   \item \texttt{command\_dec} \\
      Set the base of exact integer representation to 10 (decimal).
   \item \texttt{command\_deg} \\
      Set the angle mode to degrees.
   \item \texttt{command\_drop} \\
      Drop the last element off the stack.
   \item \texttt{command\_dup} \\
      Duplicate the last stack element.
   \item \texttt{command\_enter\_pi} \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
      Enter $\pi$ on the stack.
%END LATEX
%HEVEA Enter 3.1415\dots on the stack.
%@% ELSE %@%
      Enter 3.1415\Dots on the stack.
%@% END-IF %@%
   \item \texttt{command\_hex} \\
      Set the base of exact integer representation to 16 (hexadecimal).
   \item \texttt{command\_oct} \\
      Set the base of exact integer representation to 8 (octal).
   \item \texttt{command\_polar} \\
      Set the complex display mode to polar.
   \item \texttt{command\_rad} \\
      Set the angle mode to radians.
   \item \texttt{command\_rand} \\
      Generate a random real-valued number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).  The deviates
      are uniformly distributed.
   \item \texttt{command\_rect} \\
      Set the complex display mode to rectangular (cartesian).
   \item \texttt{command\_refresh} \\
      Refresh the display.
   \item \texttt{command\_swap} \\
      Swap stack elements 1 and 2.
   \item \texttt{command\_quit} \\
      Quit Orpie.
   \item \texttt{command\_toggle\_angle\_mode} \\
      Toggle the angle mode between degrees and radians.
   \item \texttt{command\_toggle\_complex\_mode} \\
      Toggle the complex display mode between rectangular and polar.
   \item \texttt{command\_undo} \\
      Undo the last calculator operation.
   \item \texttt{command\_view} \\
      View the last stack element in an external fullscreen editor.
   \item \texttt{command\_edit\_input} \\
      Create a new stack element using an external editor.
\end{itemize}


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Edit Operations}
\label{edits}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Edit Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following operations are related to editing during data entry.  These
commands cannot be made available as operation abbreviations, since
abbreviations are not accessible while entering data.  These operations should
be made available as single keypresses using the \texttt{bind} keyword.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{edit\_angle} \\
      Begin entering the phase angle of a complex number.  (Orpie will
      assume the angle is in either degrees or radians, depending on
      the current angle mode.)
   \item \texttt{edit\_backspace} \\
      Delete the last character entered.
   \item \texttt{edit\_begin\_integer} \\
      Begin entering an exact integer.
   \item \texttt{edit\_begin\_units} \\
      Begin appending units to a numeric expression.
   \item \texttt{edit\_complex} \\
      Begin entering a complex number.
   \item \texttt{edit\_enter} \\
      Enter the data that is currently being edited.
   \item \texttt{edit\_matrix} \\
      Begin entering a matrix, or begin entering the next
      row of a matrix.
   \item \texttt{edit\_minus} \\
      Enter a minus sign in input.
   \item \texttt{edit\_scientific\_notation\_base} \\
      Begin entering the scientific notation exponent of a real number,
      or the base of an exact integer.
   \item \texttt{edit\_separator} \\
      Begin editing the next element of a complex number or
      matrix.  (This will insert a comma between elements.)
\end{itemize}


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Browsing Operations}
\label{browse}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Browsing Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following list of operations is available only in stack browsing mode.
As abbreviations are unavailable while browsing the stack, these operations
should be bound to single keypresses using the \texttt{bind} keyword.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{browse\_echo} \\
      Echo the currently selected element to stack level 1.
   \item \texttt{browse\_end} \\
      Exit stack browsing mode.
   \item \texttt{browse\_drop} \\
      Drop the currently selected stack element.
   \item \texttt{browse\_dropn} \\
      Drop all stack elements below the current selection (inclusive).
   \item \texttt{browse\_keep} \\
      Drop all stack elements \emph{except} the current selection.  (This is
      complementary to \texttt{browse\_drop}.
   \item \texttt{browse\_keepn} \\
      Drop all stack elements above the current selection (non-inclusive).  (This
      is complementary to \texttt{browse\_dropn}.
   \item \texttt{browse\_next\_line} \\
      Move the selection cursor down one line.
   \item \texttt{browse\_prev\_line} \\
      Move the selection cursor up one line.
   \item \texttt{browse\_rolldown} \\
      Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements downward, below the 
      selected element (inclusive).
   \item \texttt{browse\_rollup} \\
      Cyclically ``roll'' stack elements upward, below the selected
      element (inclusive) .
   \item \texttt{browse\_scroll\_left} \\
      Scroll the selected element to the left (for viewing very large
      entries such as matrices).
   \item \texttt{browse\_scroll\_right} \\
      Scroll the selected element to the right.
   \item \texttt{browse\_view} \\
      View the currently selected stack element in a fullscreen editor.
   \item \texttt{browse\_edit} \\
      Edit the currently selected stack element using an external editor.
\end{itemize}

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Abbreviation Entry Operations}
\label{abbrevoperations}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Abbreviation Entry Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following list of operations is available only while entering a function or
command abbreviation, or while entering a physical constant.  These operations must 
be bound to single keypresses using 
the \texttt{bind} keyword.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{abbrev\_backspace} \\
      Delete a character from the abbreviation string.
   \item \texttt{abbrev\_enter} \\
      Execute the operation associated with the selected abbreviation.
   \item \texttt{abbrev\_exit} \\
      Cancel abbreviation entry.
\end{itemize}

%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Variable Entry Operations}
\label{variableoperations}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Variable Entry Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following list of operations is available only while entering a variable
name.  As abbreviations are unavailable while entering variables, these operations
should be bound to single keypresses using the \texttt{bind} keyword.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{variable\_backspace} \\
      Delete a character from the variable name.
   \item \texttt{variable\_cancel} \\
      Cancel entry of the variable name.
   \item \texttt{variable\_complete} \\
      Autocomplete the variable name.
   \item \texttt{variable\_enter} \\
      Enter the variable name on the stack.
\end{itemize}


%@% IF LATEX %@%
\subsubsection{Integer Entry Operations}
\label{integeroperations}
%@% ELSE %@%
\subsection{Integer Entry Operations}
%@% END-IF %@%
The following operation is available only while entering an integer; it can be
made accessible by binding it to a single keypress using the \texttt{bind} keyword.
\begin{itemize}
   \item \texttt{integer\_cancel} \\
      Cancel entry of an integer.
\end{itemize}

% end ORPIERC
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% IF !ORPIERC %@%
\section{Licensing}
Orpie is Free Software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 2, as published by the
Free Software Foundation.  You should have received a copy of the GPL along
with this program, in the file ``COPYING''.


\section{Credits}
Orpie includes portions of the
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
ocamlgsl\footnote{http://oandrieu.nerim.net/ocaml/gsl/} 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://oandrieu.nerim.net/ocaml/gsl/">ocamlgsl</a> \end{rawhtml}
%@% ELSE %@%
ocamlgsl [1]
%@% END-IF %@%
bindings supplied by Olivier Andrieu, as well as the curses bindings from the
%@% IF LATEX %@%
%BEGIN LATEX
OCaml Text Mode Kit\footnote{http://www.nongnu.org/ocaml-tmk/} 
%END LATEX
%HEVEA \begin{rawhtml} <a href="http://www.nongnu.org/ocaml-tmk/">OCaml Text Mode Kit</a> \end{rawhtml}
%@% ELSE %@%
OCaml Text Mode Kit [2]
%@% END-IF %@%
written by Nicolas George.  I would like to thank these authors for helping to
make Orpie possible.


\section{Contact info}
Orpie author: Paul Pelzl \texttt{<pelzlpj@gmail.com>} \\
%@% IF LATEX %@%
Orpie website: \texttt{http://pessimization.com/software/orpie} \\
%@% ELSE %@%
Orpie website: \URL{http://pessimization.com/software/orpie} \\
%@% END-IF %@%

\noindent
Feel free to contact me if you have bugs, feature requests, patches, etc.  I 
would also welcome volunteers interested in packaging Orpie for various platforms.

%@% IF !LATEX && !ORPIERC %@%
\section{References}
\begin{Table}{2}
   [1] & \URL{http://oandrieu.nerim.net/ocaml/gsl/} \\
   [2] & \URL{http://www.nongnu.org/ocaml-tmk/} 
   [3] & \URL{http://www.gnu.org/software/gnu-arch/}.
\end{Table}

\section{See Also}
\Cmd{orpierc}{5}, \Cmd{orpie-curses-keys}{1}
%@% END-IF %@%

%@% END-IF %@%
% !ORPIERC

%@% IF !LATEX %@%
   %@% IF ORPIERC %@%
\section{See Also}
\Cmd{orpie}{1}, \Cmd{orpie-curses-keys}{1}

\section{Author}
This manpage is written by Paul J. Pelzl <pelzlpj@gmail.com>.
   %@% END-IF %@%
\LatexManEnd
%@% END-IF %@%

\end{document}


% arch-tag: DO_NOT_CHANGE_db7ed8b2-8ea4-4e32-b0f6-50482487cb00