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Package RDFClosure
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<h1 class="epydoc">Package RDFClosure</h1><p class="nomargin-top"><span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html">source code</a></span></p>
<p>This module is brute force implementation of the 'finite' version of
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/" target="_top">RDFS semantics</a>
and of <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-profiles/#Reasoning_in_OWL_2_RL_and_RDF_Graphs_using_Rules"
target="_top">OWL 2 RL</a> on the top of RDFLib (with some caveats, see
below). Some extensions to these are also implemented. Brute force means
that, in all cases, simple forward chaining rules are used to extend
(recursively) the incoming graph with all triples that the rule sets
permit (ie, the "deductive closure" of the graph is computed).
There is an extra options whether the axiomatic triples are added to the
graph (prior to the forward chaining step). These, typically set the
domain and range for properties or define some core classes. In the case
of RDFS, the implementation uses a 'finite' version of the axiomatic
triples only (as proposed, for example, by Herman ter Horst). This means
that it adds only those <code>rdf:_i</code> type predicates that do
appear in the original graph, thereby keeping this step finite. For OWL 2
RL, OWL 2 does not define axiomatic triples formally; but they can be
deduced from the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-rdf-based-semantics/"
target="_top">OWL 2 RDF Based Semantics</a> document and are listed in
Appendix 6 (though informally). Note, however, that this implementation
adds only those triples that refer to OWL terms that are meaningful for
the OWL 2 RL case.</p>
<h1 class="heading">Package Entry Points</h1>
<p>The main entry point to the package is via the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> class. This class should be
initialized to control the parameters of the deductive closure; the
forward chaining is done via the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html#expand"
class="link">expand</a> method. The simplest way to use the package
from an RDFLib application is as follows:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
graph = Graph() # creation of an RDFLib graph
...
... # normal RDFLib application, eg, parsing RDF data
...
DeductiveClosure(OWLRL_Semantics).expand(graph) # calculate an OWL 2 RL deductive closure of graph
# without axiomatic triples
</pre>
<p>The first argument of the <code>DeductiveClosure</code>
initialization can be replaced by other classes, providing different
types of deductive closure; other arguments are also possible. For
example:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
DeductiveClosure(OWLRL_Extension, rdfs_closure = True, axiomatic_triples = True, datatype_axioms = True).expand(graph)
</pre>
<p>will calculate the deductive closure including RDFS and some
extensions to OWL 2 RL, and with all possible axiomatic triples added
to the graph (this is about the maximum the package can do…)</p>
<p>The same instance of <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> can be used for several graph
expansions. In other words, the expand function does not change any
state.</p>
<p>For convenience, a second entry point to the package is provided in
the form of a function called <a
href="RDFClosure-module.html#convert_graph"
class="link">convert_graph</a>, that expects a directory with various
options, including a file name. The function parses the file, creates
the expanded graph, and serializes the result into RDF/XML or Turtle.
This function is particularly useful as an entry point for a CGI call
(where the HTML form parameters are in a directory) and is easy to use
with a command line interface. The package distribution contains an
example for both.</p>
<p>There are major closure type (ie, semantic closure possibilities);
these can be controlled through the appropriate parameters of the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> class:</p>
<ul>
<li>
using the <a
href="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure.RDFS_Semantics-class.html"
class="link">RDFS_Semantics</a> class, implementing the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/" target="_top">RDFS
semantics</a>
</li>
<li>
using the <a href="RDFClosure.OWLRL.OWLRL_Semantics-class.html"
class="link">OWLRL_Semantics</a> class, implementing the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-profiles/#Reasoning_in_OWL_2_RL_and_RDF_Graphs_using_Rules"
target="_top">OWL 2 RL</a>
</li>
<li>
using <a
href="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure.RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics-class.html"
class="link">RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics</a> class, implementing a
combined semantics of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/"
target="_top">RDFS semantics</a> and <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-profiles/#Reasoning_in_OWL_2_RL_and_RDF_Graphs_using_Rules"
target="_top">OWL 2 RL</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>In all three cases there are other dimensions that can control the
exact closure being generated:</p>
<ul>
<li>
for convenience, the so called axiomatic triples (see, eg, the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/#rdfs_interp"
target="_top">axiomatic triples in RDFS</a>) are, by default,
<i>not</i> added to the graph closure to reduce the number of
generated triples. These can be controlled through a separate
initialization argument
</li>
<li>
similarly, the axiomatic triples for D-entailment are separated
</li>
</ul>
<h1 class="heading">Some Technical/implementation aspects</h1>
<p>The core processing is done in the in the <a
href="RDFClosure.Closure.Core-class.html" class="link">Core</a> class,
which is subclassed by the <a
href="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure.RDFS_Semantics-class.html"
class="link">RDFS</a> and the <a
href="RDFClosure.OWLRL.OWLRL_Semantics-class.html" class="link">OWL 2
RL</a> classes (these two are then, on their turn, subclassed by the <a
href="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure.RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics-class.html"
class="link">RDFS + OWL 2 RL Semantics</a>) class). The core implements
the core functionality of cycling through the rules, whereas the rules
themselves are defined and implemented in the subclasses. There are
also methods that are executed only once either at the beginning or at
the end of the full processing cycle. Adding axiomatic triples is
handled separately, which allows a finer user control over these
features.</p>
<p>Literals must be handled separately. Indeed, the functionality
relies on 'extended' RDF graphs, that allows literals to be in a
subject position, too. Because RDFLib does not allow that, processing
begins by exchanging all literals in the graph for bnodes (identical
literals get the same associated bnode). Processing occurs on these
bnodes; at the end of the process all these bnodes are replaced by
their corresponding literals if possible (if the bnode occurs in a
subject position, that triple is removed from the resulting graph).
Details of this processing is handled in the separate <a
href="RDFClosure.Literals.LiteralProxies-class.html"
class="link">Literals Proxies</a> class.</p>
<p>The OWL specification includes references to datatypes that are not
in the core RDFS specification, consequently not directly implemented
by RDFLib. These are added in a separate module of the package.</p>
<h2 class="heading">Problems with Literals with datatypes</h2>
<p>The current distribution of RDFLib is fairly poor in handling
datatypes, particularly in checking whether a lexical form of a
literal is "proper" as for its declared datatype. A typical
example is:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
"-1234"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
</pre>
<p>which should not be accepted as valid literal. Because the
requirements of OWL 2 RL are much stricter in this respect, an
alternative set of datatype handling (essentially, conversions) had
to be implemented (see the <a
href="RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes-module.html"
class="link">XsdDatatypes</a> module).</p>
<p>The <a href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> class has an additional instance
variable whether the default RDFLib conversion routines should be
exchanged against the new ones. If this flag is set to True and
instance creation (this is the default), then the conversion routines
are set back to the originals once the expansion is complete, thereby
avoiding to influence older application that may not work properly
with the new set of conversion routines.</p>
<p>If the user wants to use these alternative lexical conversions
everywhere in the application, then the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html#use_improved_datatypes_conversions"
class="link">use_improved_datatypes_conversions</a> method can be
invoked. That method changes the conversion routines and, from that
point on, all usage of <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> instances will use the improved
conversion methods without resetting them. Ie, the code structure can
be something like:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
DeductiveClosure().use_improved_datatypes_conversions()
... RDFLib application
DeductiveClosure().expand(graph)
...
</pre>
<p>The default situation can be set back using the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html#use_improved_datatypes_conversions"
class="link">use_rdflib_datatypes_conversions</a> call.</p>
<p>It is, however, not <i>required</i> to use these methods at all.
Ie, the user can use:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
DeductiveClosure(improved_datatypes=False).expand(graph)
</pre>
<p>which will result in a proper graph expansion except for the
datatype specific comparisons which will be incomplete.</p>
<h2 class="heading">Problems with Literals with datatypes</h2>
<p>The current distribution of RDFLib is fairly poor in handling
datatypes, particularly in checking whether a lexical form of a
literal is "proper" as for its declared datatype. A typical
example is:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
"-1234"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
</pre>
<p>which should not be accepted as valid literal. Because the
requirements of OWL 2 RL are much stricter in this respect, an
alternative set of datatype handling (essentially, conversions) had
to be implemented (see the <a
href="RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes-module.html"
class="link">XsdDatatypes</a> module).</p>
<p>The <a href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> class has an additional instance
variable whether the default RDFLib conversion routines should be
exchanged against the new ones. If this flag is set to True and
instance creation (this is the default), then the conversion routines
are set back to the originals once the expansion is complete, thereby
avoiding to influence older application that may not work properly
with the new set of conversion routines.</p>
<p>If the user wants to use these alternative lexical conversions
everywhere in the application, then the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html#use_improved_datatypes_conversions"
class="link">use_improved_datatypes_conversions</a> method can be
invoked. That method changes the conversion routines and, from that
point on, all usage of <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> instances will use the improved
conversion methods without resetting them. Ie, the code structure can
be something like:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
DeductiveClosure().use_improved_datatypes_conversions()
... RDFLib application
DeductiveClosure().expand(graph)
...
</pre>
<p>The default situation can be set back using the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html#use_improved_datatypes_conversions"
class="link">use_rdflib_datatypes_conversions</a> call.</p>
<p>It is, however, not <i>required</i> to use these methods at all.
Ie, the user can use:</p>
<pre class="literalblock">
DeductiveClosure(improved_datatypes=False).expand(graph)
</pre>
<p>which will result in a proper graph expansion except for the
datatype specific comparisons which will be incomplete.</p>
<hr />
<div class="fields"> <strong>Requires:</strong>
<ul class="nomargin-top">
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib"
target="_top">RDFLib</a>, 4.0.0 and higher
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-jsonld"
target="_top">rdflib_jsonld</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>License:</strong>
This software is available for use under the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright-software-20021231"
target="_top">W3C Software License</a>
</p>
<p><strong>Organization:</strong>
<a href="http://www.w3.org" target="_top">World Wide Web
Consortium</a>
</p>
<p><strong>Author:</strong>
<a href="http://ahref="http://www.w3.org/People/Ivan/""
target="_top">Ivan Herman</a>
</p>
<p><strong>Version:</strong>
5.0
</p>
<p><strong>Contact:</strong>
Ivan Herman, ivan@w3.org
</p>
</div><!-- ==================== SUBMODULES ==================== -->
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<tr><td class="summary">
<ul class="nomargin">
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.AxiomaticTriples-module.html">RDFClosure.AxiomaticTriples</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Axiomatic triples to be (possibly) added to the final graph.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.Closure-module.html">RDFClosure.Closure</a></strong>: <em class="summary">The generic superclasses for various rule based semantics and the
possible extensions.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure-module.html">RDFClosure.CombinedClosure</a></strong>: <em class="summary">The combined closure: performing <i>both</i> the OWL 2 RL and RDFS
closures.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.DatatypeHandling-module.html">RDFClosure.DatatypeHandling</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Most of the XSD datatypes are handled directly by RDFLib.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.Literals-module.html">RDFClosure.Literals</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Separate module to handle literals.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.OWL%27-module.html">RDFClosure.OWL'</a></strong>: <em class="summary">OWL and OWL2 terms.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.OWLRL-module.html">RDFClosure.OWLRL</a></strong>: <em class="summary">This module is a <code>brute force</code> implementation of the OWL
2 RL profile.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras-module.html">RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Extension to OWL 2 RL, ie, some additional rules added to the
system from OWL 2 Full.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.RDFS%27-module.html">RDFClosure.RDFS'</a></strong>: <em class="summary">RDF(S) terms.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure-module.html">RDFClosure.RDFSClosure</a></strong>: <em class="summary">This module is brute force implementation of the RDFS semantics on
the top of RDFLib (with some caveats, see in the introductory
text).</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.RestrictedDatatype-module.html">RDFClosure.RestrictedDatatype</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Module to datatype restrictions, ie, data ranges.</em> </li>
<li> <strong class="uidlink"><a href="RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes-module.html">RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes</a></strong>: <em class="summary">Lists of XSD datatypes and their mutual relationships</em> </li>
</ul></td></tr>
</table>
<br />
<!-- ==================== CLASSES ==================== -->
<a name="section-Classes"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Classes</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-Classes"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html" class="summary-name">DeductiveClosure</a><br />
Entry point to generate the deductive closure of a graph.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== FUNCTIONS ==================== -->
<a name="section-Functions"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Functions</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-Functions"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="private">
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="RDFClosure-module.html#__parse_input" class="summary-sig-name" onclick="show_private();">__parse_input</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">iformat</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">inp</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">graph</span>)</span><br />
Parse the input into the graph, possibly checking the suffix for the
format.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
<span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#__parse_input">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="RDFClosure-module.html#interpret_owl_imports" class="summary-sig-name">interpret_owl_imports</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">iformat</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">graph</span>)</span><br />
Interpret the owl import statements.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
<span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#interpret_owl_imports">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type">Class type</span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="RDFClosure-module.html#return_closure_class" class="summary-sig-name">return_closure_class</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">owl_closure</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">rdfs_closure</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">owl_extras</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">trimming</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">False</span>)</span><br />
Return the right semantic extension class based on three possible
choices (this method is here to help potential users, the result can
be fed into a <a href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> instance at initialization)</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
<span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#return_closure_class">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td><span class="summary-sig"><a href="RDFClosure-module.html#convert_graph" class="summary-sig-name">convert_graph</a>(<span class="summary-sig-arg">options</span>,
<span class="summary-sig-arg">closureClass</span>=<span class="summary-sig-default">None</span>)</span><br />
Entry point for external scripts (CGI or command line) to parse an
RDF file(s), possibly execute OWL and/or RDFS closures, and serialize
back the result in some format.</td>
<td align="right" valign="top">
<span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#convert_graph">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- ==================== VARIABLES ==================== -->
<a name="section-Variables"></a>
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Variables</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-Variables"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="__author__"></a><span class="summary-name">__author__</span> = <code title="'Ivan Herman'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">Ivan Herman</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a href="RDFClosure-module.html#__license__" class="summary-name">__license__</a> = <code title="u'W3C® SOFTWARE NOTICE AND LICENSE, http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal\
/2002/copyright-software-20021231'"><code class="variable-quote">u'</code><code class="variable-string">W3C® SOFTWARE NOTICE AND LICENSE, http://www.w</code><code class="variable-ellipsis">...</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="RDFXML"></a><span class="summary-name">RDFXML</span> = <code title="'xml'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">xml</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="TURTLE"></a><span class="summary-name">TURTLE</span> = <code title="'turtle'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">turtle</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="JSON"></a><span class="summary-name">JSON</span> = <code title="'json'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">json</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="AUTO"></a><span class="summary-name">AUTO</span> = <code title="'auto'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">auto</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="RDFA"></a><span class="summary-name">RDFA</span> = <code title="'rdfa'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">rdfa</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="NONE"></a><span class="summary-name">NONE</span> = <code title="'none'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">none</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="RDF"></a><span class="summary-name">RDF</span> = <code title="'rdf'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">rdf</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="RDFS"></a><span class="summary-name">RDFS</span> = <code title="'rdfs'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">rdfs</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="OWL"></a><span class="summary-name">OWL</span> = <code title="'owl'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">owl</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="FULL"></a><span class="summary-name">FULL</span> = <code title="'full'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">full</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="json_ld_available"></a><span class="summary-name">json_ld_available</span> = <code title="True">True</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="15%" align="right" valign="top" class="summary">
<span class="summary-type"> </span>
</td><td class="summary">
<a name="__package__"></a><span class="summary-name">__package__</span> = <code title="'RDFClosure'"><code class="variable-quote">'</code><code class="variable-string">RDFClosure</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code></code>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="indent-wrapped-lines"><b>Imports:</b>
<span title="StringIO">StringIO</span>,
<span title="types.IntType">IntType</span>,
<span title="types.TypeType">TypeType</span>,
<span title="types.BooleanType">BooleanType</span>,
<span title="types.CodeType">CodeType</span>,
<span title="types.UnboundMethodType">UnboundMethodType</span>,
<span title="types.StringType">StringType</span>,
<span title="types.BuiltinMethodType">BuiltinMethodType</span>,
<span title="types.FloatType">FloatType</span>,
<span title="types.DictionaryType">DictionaryType</span>,
<span title="types.NotImplementedType">NotImplementedType</span>,
<span title="types.BuiltinFunctionType">BuiltinFunctionType</span>,
<span title="types.DictProxyType">DictProxyType</span>,
<span title="types.GeneratorType">GeneratorType</span>,
<span title="types.InstanceType">InstanceType</span>,
<span title="types.ObjectType">ObjectType</span>,
<span title="types.DictType">DictType</span>,
<span title="types.GetSetDescriptorType">GetSetDescriptorType</span>,
<span title="types.FileType">FileType</span>,
<span title="types.EllipsisType">EllipsisType</span>,
<span title="types.StringTypes">StringTypes</span>,
<span title="types.ListType">ListType</span>,
<span title="types.MethodType">MethodType</span>,
<span title="types.TupleType">TupleType</span>,
<span title="types.ModuleType">ModuleType</span>,
<span title="types.FrameType">FrameType</span>,
<span title="types.LongType">LongType</span>,
<span title="types.BufferType">BufferType</span>,
<span title="types.TracebackType">TracebackType</span>,
<span title="types.ClassType">ClassType</span>,
<span title="types.MemberDescriptorType">MemberDescriptorType</span>,
<span title="types.UnicodeType">UnicodeType</span>,
<span title="types.SliceType">SliceType</span>,
<span title="types.ComplexType">ComplexType</span>,
<span title="types.LambdaType">LambdaType</span>,
<span title="types.FunctionType">FunctionType</span>,
<span title="types.XRangeType">XRangeType</span>,
<span title="types.NoneType">NoneType</span>,
<span title="rdflib">rdflib</span>,
<span title="rdflib.Literal">rdflibLiteral</span>,
<span title="rdflib.Graph">Graph</span>,
<a href="RDFClosure.DatatypeHandling-module.html" title="RDFClosure.DatatypeHandling">DatatypeHandling</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.Closure-module.html" title="RDFClosure.Closure">Closure</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras.OWLRL_Extension-class.html" title="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras.OWLRL_Extension">OWLRL_Extension</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras.OWLRL_Extension_Trimming-class.html" title="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras.OWLRL_Extension_Trimming">OWLRL_Extension_Trimming</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.OWLRL.OWLRL_Semantics-class.html" title="RDFClosure.OWLRL.OWLRL_Semantics">OWLRL_Semantics</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure.RDFS_Semantics-class.html" title="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure.RDFS_Semantics">RDFS_Semantics</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure.RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics-class.html" title="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure.RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics">RDFS_OWLRL_Semantics</a>,
<span title="RDFClosure.OWL.imports">imports</span>,
<span title="rdflib_jsonld.parser.JsonLDParser">JsonLDParser</span>,
<span title="rdflib_jsonld.serializer.JsonLDSerializer">JsonLDSerializer</span>,
<span title="rdflib.plugin.register">register</span>,
<span title="rdflib.plugin.Serializer">Serializer</span>,
<span title="rdflib.plugin.Parser">Parser</span>,
<a href="RDFClosure.AxiomaticTriples-module.html" title="RDFClosure.AxiomaticTriples">AxiomaticTriples</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure-module.html" title="RDFClosure.CombinedClosure">CombinedClosure</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.Literals-module.html" title="RDFClosure.Literals">Literals</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.OWLRL-module.html" title="RDFClosure.OWLRL">OWLRL</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras-module.html" title="RDFClosure.OWLRLExtras">OWLRLExtras</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure-module.html" title="RDFClosure.RDFSClosure">RDFSClosure</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.RestrictedDatatype-module.html" title="RDFClosure.RestrictedDatatype">RestrictedDatatype</a>,
<a href="RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes-module.html" title="RDFClosure.XsdDatatypes">XsdDatatypes</a>
</p><br />
<!-- ==================== FUNCTION DETAILS ==================== -->
<a name="section-FunctionDetails"></a>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="table-header">
<td colspan="2" class="table-header">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr valign="top">
<td align="left"><span class="table-header">Function Details</span></td>
<td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="options">[<a href="#section-FunctionDetails"
class="privatelink" onclick="toggle_private();"
>hide private</a>]</span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="__parse_input"></a>
<div class="private">
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__parse_input</span>(<span class="sig-arg">iformat</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">inp</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">graph</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#__parse_input">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>Parse the input into the graph, possibly checking the suffix for the
format.</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Parameters:</dt>
<dd><ul class="nomargin-top">
<li><strong class="pname"><code>iformat</code></strong> - input format; can be one of <a href="RDFClosure-module.html#AUTO"
class="link">AUTO</a>, <a href="RDFClosure-module.html#TURTLE"
class="link">TURTLE</a>, or <a
href="RDFClosure-module.html#RDFXML" class="link">RDFXML</a>. <a
href="RDFClosure-module.html#AUTO" class="link">AUTO</a> means
that the suffix of the file name or URI will decide: '.ttl' means
Turtle, RDF/XML otherwise.</li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>inp</code></strong> - input file; anything that RDFLib accepts in that position (URI,
file name, file object). If '-', standard input is used.</li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>graph</code></strong> - the RDFLib Graph instance to parse into.</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="interpret_owl_imports"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">interpret_owl_imports</span>(<span class="sig-arg">iformat</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">graph</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#interpret_owl_imports">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>Interpret the owl import statements. Essentially, recursively merge
with all the objects in the owl import statement, and remove the
corresponding triples from the graph.</p>
<p>This method can be used by an application prior to expansion. It is
<i>not</i> done by the the <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> class.</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Parameters:</dt>
<dd><ul class="nomargin-top">
<li><strong class="pname"><code>iformat</code></strong> - input format; can be one of <a href="RDFClosure-module.html#AUTO"
class="link">AUTO</a>, <a href="RDFClosure-module.html#TURTLE"
class="link">TURTLE</a>, or <a
href="RDFClosure-module.html#RDFXML" class="link">RDFXML</a>. <a
href="RDFClosure-module.html#AUTO" class="link">AUTO</a> means
that the suffix of the file name or URI will decide: '.ttl' means
Turtle, RDF/XML otherwise.</li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>graph</code></strong> - the RDFLib Graph instance to parse into.</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="return_closure_class"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr><td>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr valign="top"><td>
<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">return_closure_class</span>(<span class="sig-arg">owl_closure</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">rdfs_closure</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">owl_extras</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">trimming</span>=<span class="sig-default">False</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#return_closure_class">source code</a></span>
</td>
</tr></table>
<p>Return the right semantic extension class based on three possible
choices (this method is here to help potential users, the result can be
fed into a <a href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a> instance at initialization)</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Parameters:</dt>
<dd><ul class="nomargin-top">
<li><strong class="pname"><code>owl_closure</code></strong> (boolean) - whether OWL 2 RL deductive closure should be calculated</li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>rdfs_closure</code></strong> (boolean) - whether RDFS deductive closure should be calculated. In case
<code>owl_closure==True</code>, this parameter should also be
used in the initialization of <a
href="RDFClosure.DeductiveClosure-class.html"
class="link">DeductiveClosure</a></li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>owl_extras</code></strong> - whether the extra possibilities (rational datatype, etc) should
be added to an OWL 2 RL deductive closure. This parameter has no
effect in case <code>owl_closure==False</code>.</li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>trimming</code></strong> - whether extra trimming is done on the OWL RL + Extension output</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Returns: Class type</dt>
<dd>deductive class reference or None</dd>
</dl>
</td></tr></table>
</div>
<a name="convert_graph"></a>
<div>
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3"
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<h3 class="epydoc"><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">convert_graph</span>(<span class="sig-arg">options</span>,
<span class="sig-arg">closureClass</span>=<span class="sig-default">None</span>)</span>
</h3>
</td><td align="right" valign="top"
><span class="codelink"><a href="RDFClosure-pysrc.html#convert_graph">source code</a></span>
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<p>Entry point for external scripts (CGI or command line) to parse an RDF
file(s), possibly execute OWL and/or RDFS closures, and serialize back
the result in some format. Note that this entry point can be used
requiring no entailment at all; because both the input and the output
format for the package can be RDF/XML or Turtle, such usage would simply
mean a format conversion.</p>
<p>If OWL 2 RL processing is required, that also means that the
owl:imports statements are interpreted. Ie, ontologies can be spread over
several files. Note, however, that the output of the process would then
include all imported ontologies, too.</p>
<dl class="fields">
<dt>Parameters:</dt>
<dd><ul class="nomargin-top">
<li><strong class="pname"><code>options</code></strong> - object with specific attributes, namely:
<ul>
<li>
options.sources: list of uris or file names for the source
data; for each one if the name ends with 'ttl', it is
considered to be turtle, RDF/XML otherwise (this can be
overwritten by the options.iformat, though)
</li>
<li>
options.text: direct Turtle encoding of a graph as a text
string (useful, eg, for a CGI call using a text field)
</li>
<li>
options.owlClosure: can be yes or no
</li>
<li>
options.rdfsClosure: can be yes or no
</li>
<li>
options.owlExtras: can be yes or no; whether the extra rules
beyond OWL 2 RL are used or not.
</li>
<li>
options.axioms: whether relevant axiomatic triples are added
before chaining (can be a boolean, or the strings
"yes" or "no")
</li>
<li>
options.daxioms: further datatype axiomatic triples are added
to the output (can be a boolean, or the strings
"yes" or "no")
</li>
<li>
options.format: output format, can be "turtle" or
"rdfxml"
</li>
<li>
options.iformat: input format, can be "turtle",
"rdfa", "json", "rdfxml", or
"auto". "auto" means that the suffix of
the file is considered: '.ttl'. '.html', 'json' or '.jsonld'
respectively with 'xml' as a fallback
</li>
<li>
options.trimming: whether the extension to OWLRL should also
include trimming
</li>
</ul></li>
<li><strong class="pname"><code>closureClass</code></strong> - explicit class reference. If set, this overrides the various
different other options to be used as an extension.</li>
</ul></dd>
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<h3 class="epydoc">__license__</h3>
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<dt>Value:</dt>
<dd><table><tr><td><pre class="variable">
<code class="variable-quote">u'</code><code class="variable-string">W3C® SOFTWARE NOTICE AND LICENSE, http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal</code><span class="variable-linewrap"><img src="crarr.png" alt="\" /></span>
<code class="variable-string">/2002/copyright-software-20021231</code><code class="variable-quote">'</code>
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