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/*
* Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
* Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Phusion
*
* "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#ifndef _PASSENGER_APPLICATION_POOL_SERVER_H_
#define _PASSENGER_APPLICATION_POOL_SERVER_H_
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/thread/mutex.hpp>
#include <oxt/system_calls.hpp>
#include <oxt/backtrace.hpp>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <limits.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "MessageChannel.h"
#include "ApplicationPool.h"
#include "Application.h"
#include "Exceptions.h"
#include "Logging.h"
namespace Passenger {
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
using namespace oxt;
/**
* Multi-process usage support for ApplicationPool.
*
* ApplicationPoolServer implements a client/server architecture for ApplicationPool.
* This allows one to use ApplicationPool in a multi-process environment (unlike
* StandardApplicationPool). The cache/pool data is stored in the server. Different
* processes can then access the pool through the server.
*
* ApplicationPoolServer itself does not inherit ApplicationPool. Instead, it returns
* an ApplicationPool object via the connect() call. For example:
* @code
* // Create an ApplicationPoolServer.
* ApplicationPoolServer server(...);
*
* // Now fork a child process, like Apache's prefork MPM eventually will.
* pid_t pid = fork();
* if (pid == 0) {
* // Child process
*
* // Connect to the server. After connection, we have an ApplicationPool
* // object!
* ApplicationPoolPtr pool(server.connect());
*
* // We don't need to connect to the server anymore, so we detach from it.
* // This frees up some resources, such as file descriptors.
* server.detach();
*
* ApplicationPool::SessionPtr session(pool->get("/home/webapps/foo"));
* do_something_with(session);
*
* _exit(0);
* } else {
* // Parent process
* waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
* }
* @endcode
*
* <h2>Implementation notes</h2>
*
* <h3>Separate server executable</h3>
* The actual server is implemented in ApplicationPoolServerExecutable.cpp, this class is
* just a convenience class for starting/stopping the server executable and connecting
* to it.
*
* In the past, the server logic itself was implemented in this class. This implies that
* the ApplicationPool server ran inside the Apache process. This presented us with several
* problems:
* - Because of the usage of threads in the ApplicationPool server, the Apache VM size would
* go way up. This gave people the (wrong) impression that Passenger uses a lot of memory,
* or that it leaks memory.
* - Although it's not entirely confirmed, we suspect that it caused heap fragmentation as
* well. Apache allocates lots and lots of small objects on the heap, and ApplicationPool
* server isn't exactly helping. This too gave people the (wrong) impression that
* Passenger leaks memory.
* - It would unnecessarily bloat the VM size of Apache worker processes.
* - We had to resort to all kinds of tricks to make sure that fork()ing a process doesn't
* result in file descriptor leaks.
* - Despite everything, there was still a small chance that file descriptor leaks would
* occur, and this could not be fixed. The reason for this is that the Apache control
* process may call fork() right after the ApplicationPool server has established a new
* connection with a client.
*
* Because of these problems, it was decided to split the ApplicationPool server to a
* separate executable. This comes with no performance hit.
*
* <h3>Anonymous server socket</h3>
* Notice that ApplicationPoolServer does do not use TCP sockets at all, or even named Unix
* sockets, despite being a server that can handle multiple clients! So ApplicationPoolServer
* will expose no open ports or temporary Unix socket files. Only child processes are able
* to use the ApplicationPoolServer.
*
* This is implemented through anonymous Unix sockets (<tt>socketpair()</tt>) and file descriptor
* passing. It allows one to emulate <tt>accept()</tt>. ApplicationPoolServer is connected to
* the server executable through a Unix socket pair. connect() sends a connect request to the
* server through that socket. The server will then create a new socket pair, and pass one of
* them back. This new socket pair represents the newly established connection.
*
* @ingroup Support
*/
class ApplicationPoolServer {
private:
/**
* Contains data shared between RemoteSession and Client.
* Since RemoteSession and Client have different life times, i.e. one may be
* destroyed before the other, they both use a smart pointer that points to
* a SharedData. This way, the SharedData object is only destroyed when
* both the RemoteSession and the Client object has been destroyed.
*/
struct SharedData {
/**
* The socket connection to the ApplicationPool server, as was
* established by ApplicationPoolServer::connect().
*
* The value may be -1, which indicates that the connection has
* been closed.
*/
int server;
mutable boost::mutex lock;
~SharedData() {
TRACE_POINT();
if (server != -1) {
disconnect();
}
}
/**
* Disconnect from the ApplicationPool server.
*/
void disconnect() {
TRACE_POINT();
int ret;
do {
ret = close(server);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
server = -1;
}
};
typedef shared_ptr<SharedData> SharedDataPtr;
/**
* An Application::Session which works together with ApplicationPoolServer.
*/
class RemoteSession: public Application::Session {
private:
SharedDataPtr data;
int id;
int fd;
pid_t pid;
public:
RemoteSession(SharedDataPtr data, pid_t pid, int id, int fd) {
this->data = data;
this->pid = pid;
this->id = id;
this->fd = fd;
}
virtual ~RemoteSession() {
closeStream();
boost::mutex::scoped_lock(data->lock);
MessageChannel(data->server).write("close", toString(id).c_str(), NULL);
}
virtual int getStream() const {
return fd;
}
virtual void setReaderTimeout(unsigned int msec) {
MessageChannel(fd).setReadTimeout(msec);
}
virtual void setWriterTimeout(unsigned int msec) {
MessageChannel(fd).setWriteTimeout(msec);
}
virtual void shutdownReader() {
if (fd != -1) {
int ret = syscalls::shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD);
if (ret == -1) {
throw SystemException("Cannot shutdown the reader stream",
errno);
}
}
}
virtual void shutdownWriter() {
if (fd != -1) {
int ret = syscalls::shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
if (ret == -1) {
throw SystemException("Cannot shutdown the writer stream",
errno);
}
}
}
virtual void closeStream() {
if (fd != -1) {
int ret = syscalls::close(fd);
fd = -1;
if (ret == -1) {
if (errno == EIO) {
throw SystemException("A write operation on the session stream failed",
errno);
} else {
throw SystemException("Cannot close the session stream",
errno);
}
}
}
}
virtual void discardStream() {
fd = -1;
}
virtual pid_t getPid() const {
return pid;
}
};
/**
* An ApplicationPool implementation that works together with ApplicationPoolServer.
* It doesn't do much by itself, its job is mostly to forward queries/commands to
* the server and returning the result. Most of the logic is in the server executable.
*/
class Client: public ApplicationPool {
private:
// The smart pointer only serves to keep the shared data alive.
// We access the shared data via a normal pointer, for performance.
SharedDataPtr dataSmartPointer;
SharedData *data;
public:
/**
* Create a new Client.
*
* @param sock The newly established socket connection with the ApplicationPoolServer.
*/
Client(int sock) {
dataSmartPointer = ptr(new SharedData());
data = dataSmartPointer.get();
data->server = sock;
}
virtual bool connected() const {
boost::mutex::scoped_lock(data->lock);
return data->server != -1;
}
virtual void clear() {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
try {
channel.write("clear", NULL);
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual void setMaxIdleTime(unsigned int seconds) {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
try {
channel.write("setMaxIdleTime", toString(seconds).c_str(), NULL);
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual void setMax(unsigned int max) {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
try {
channel.write("setMax", toString(max).c_str(), NULL);
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual unsigned int getActive() const {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
vector<string> args;
try {
channel.write("getActive", NULL);
channel.read(args);
return atoi(args[0].c_str());
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual unsigned int getCount() const {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
vector<string> args;
try {
channel.write("getCount", NULL);
channel.read(args);
return atoi(args[0].c_str());
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual void setMaxPerApp(unsigned int max) {
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
try {
channel.write("setMaxPerApp", toString(max).c_str(), NULL);
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual pid_t getSpawnServerPid() const {
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
vector<string> args;
try {
channel.write("getSpawnServerPid", NULL);
channel.read(args);
return atoi(args[0].c_str());
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
}
virtual Application::SessionPtr get(const PoolOptions &options) {
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
TRACE_POINT();
MessageChannel channel(data->server);
boost::mutex::scoped_lock l(data->lock);
vector<string> args;
int stream;
bool result;
bool serverMightNeedEnvironmentVariables = true;
/* Send a 'get' request to the ApplicationPool server.
* For efficiency reasons, we do not send the data for
* options.environmentVariables over the wire yet until
* it's necessary.
*/
try {
vector<string> args;
args.push_back("get");
options.toVector(args, false);
channel.write(args);
} catch (const SystemException &e) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
string message("Could not send data to the ApplicationPool server: ");
message.append(e.brief());
throw SystemException(message, e.code());
}
/* The first few replies from the server might be for requesting
* environment variables in the pool options object, so keep handling
* these requests until we receive a different reply.
*/
while (serverMightNeedEnvironmentVariables) {
try {
result = channel.read(args);
} catch (const SystemException &e) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
throw SystemException("Could not read a response from "
"the ApplicationPool server for the 'get' command", e.code());
}
if (!result) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
throw IOException("The ApplicationPool server unexpectedly "
"closed the connection while we're reading a response "
"for the 'get' command.");
}
if (args[0] == "getEnvironmentVariables") {
try {
if (options.environmentVariables) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
channel.writeScalar(options.serializeEnvironmentVariables());
} else {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
channel.writeScalar("");
}
} catch (const SystemException &e) {
data->disconnect();
throw SystemException("Could not send a response "
"for the 'getEnvironmentVariables' request "
"to the ApplicationPool server",
e.code());
}
} else {
serverMightNeedEnvironmentVariables = false;
}
}
/* We've now received a reply other than "getEnvironmentVariables".
* Handle this...
*/
if (args[0] == "ok") {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
pid_t pid = (pid_t) atol(args[1]);
int sessionID = atoi(args[2]);
try {
stream = channel.readFileDescriptor();
} catch (...) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
return ptr(new RemoteSession(dataSmartPointer,
pid, sessionID, stream));
} else if (args[0] == "SpawnException") {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
if (args[2] == "true") {
string errorPage;
try {
result = channel.readScalar(errorPage);
} catch (...) {
data->disconnect();
throw;
}
if (!result) {
throw IOException("The ApplicationPool server "
"unexpectedly closed the connection while "
"we're reading the error page data.");
}
throw SpawnException(args[1], errorPage);
} else {
throw SpawnException(args[1]);
}
} else if (args[0] == "BusyException") {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
throw BusyException(args[1]);
} else if (args[0] == "IOException") {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
throw IOException(args[1]);
} else {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
data->disconnect();
throw IOException("The ApplicationPool server returned "
"an unknown message: " + toString(args));
}
}
};
static const int SERVER_SOCKET_FD = 3;
string m_serverExecutable;
string m_spawnServerCommand;
string m_logFile;
string m_rubyCommand;
string m_user;
/**
* The PID of the ApplicationPool server process. If no server process
* is running, then <tt>serverPid == 0</tt>.
*
* @invariant
* if serverPid == 0:
* serverSocket == -1
*/
pid_t serverPid;
/**
* The connection to the ApplicationPool server process. If no server
* process is running, then <tt>serverSocket == -1</tt>.
*
* @invariant
* if serverPid == 0:
* serverSocket == -1
*/
int serverSocket;
/**
* Shutdown the currently running ApplicationPool server process.
*
* @pre System call interruption is disabled.
* @pre serverSocket != -1 && serverPid != 0
* @post serverSocket == -1 && serverPid == 0
*/
void shutdownServer() {
TRACE_POINT();
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
int ret, status;
time_t begin;
bool done = false;
syscalls::close(serverSocket);
P_TRACE(2, "Waiting for existing ApplicationPoolServerExecutable (PID " <<
serverPid << ") to exit...");
begin = syscalls::time(NULL);
while (!done && syscalls::time(NULL) < begin + 5) {
/*
* Some Apache modules fork(), but don't close file descriptors.
* mod_wsgi is one such example. Because of that, closing serverSocket
* won't always cause the ApplicationPool server to exit. So we send it a
* signal. This must be the same as the oxt/system_calls.hpp interruption
* signal.
*/
syscalls::kill(serverPid, oxt::INTERRUPTION_SIGNAL);
ret = syscalls::waitpid(serverPid, &status, WNOHANG);
done = ret > 0 || ret == -1;
if (!done) {
syscalls::usleep(100000);
}
}
if (done) {
if (ret > 0) {
if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
P_TRACE(2, "ApplicationPoolServerExecutable exited with exit status " <<
WEXITSTATUS(status) << ".");
} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
P_TRACE(2, "ApplicationPoolServerExecutable exited because of signal " <<
WTERMSIG(status) << ".");
} else {
P_TRACE(2, "ApplicationPoolServerExecutable exited for an unknown reason.");
}
} else {
P_TRACE(2, "ApplicationPoolServerExecutable exited.");
}
} else {
P_DEBUG("ApplicationPoolServerExecutable not exited in time. Killing it...");
syscalls::kill(serverPid, SIGKILL);
syscalls::waitpid(serverPid, NULL, 0);
}
serverSocket = -1;
serverPid = 0;
}
/**
* Start an ApplicationPool server process. If there's already one running,
* then the currently running one will be shutdown.
*
* @pre System call interruption is disabled.
* @post serverSocket != -1 && serverPid != 0
* @throw SystemException Something went wrong.
*/
void restartServer() {
TRACE_POINT();
int fds[2];
pid_t pid;
if (serverPid != 0) {
shutdownServer();
}
if (syscalls::socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds) == -1) {
throw SystemException("Cannot create a Unix socket pair", errno);
}
pid = syscalls::fork();
if (pid == 0) { // Child process.
dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO); // Redirect stdout to the same channel as stderr.
dup2(fds[0], SERVER_SOCKET_FD);
// Close all unnecessary file descriptors
for (long i = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) - 1; i > SERVER_SOCKET_FD; i--) {
close(i);
}
execlp(
#if 0
"valgrind",
"valgrind",
#else
m_serverExecutable.c_str(),
#endif
m_serverExecutable.c_str(),
toString(Passenger::getLogLevel()).c_str(),
m_spawnServerCommand.c_str(),
m_logFile.c_str(),
m_rubyCommand.c_str(),
m_user.c_str(),
getPassengerTempDir().c_str(),
(char *) 0);
int e = errno;
fprintf(stderr, "*** Passenger ERROR (%s:%d):\n"
"Cannot execute %s: %s (%d)\n",
__FILE__, __LINE__,
m_serverExecutable.c_str(), strerror(e), e);
fflush(stderr);
_exit(1);
} else if (pid == -1) { // Error.
syscalls::close(fds[0]);
syscalls::close(fds[1]);
throw SystemException("Cannot create a new process", errno);
} else { // Parent process.
syscalls::close(fds[0]);
serverSocket = fds[1];
int flags = fcntl(serverSocket, F_GETFD);
if (flags != -1) {
fcntl(serverSocket, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
}
serverPid = pid;
}
}
public:
/**
* Create a new ApplicationPoolServer object.
*
* @param serverExecutable The filename of the ApplicationPool server
* executable to use.
* @param spawnServerCommand The filename of the spawn server to use.
* @param logFile Specify a log file that the spawn server should use.
* Messages on its standard output and standard error channels
* will be written to this log file. If an empty string is
* specified, no log file will be used, and the spawn server
* will use the same standard output/error channels as the
* current process.
* @param rubyCommand The Ruby interpreter's command.
* @param user The user that the spawn manager should run as. This
* parameter only has effect if the current process is
* running as root. If the empty string is given, or if
* the <tt>user</tt> is not a valid username, then
* the spawn manager will be run as the current user.
* @throws SystemException An error occured while trying to setup the spawn server
* or the server socket.
* @throws IOException The specified log file could not be opened.
*/
ApplicationPoolServer(const string &serverExecutable,
const string &spawnServerCommand,
const string &logFile = "",
const string &rubyCommand = "ruby",
const string &user = "")
: m_serverExecutable(serverExecutable),
m_spawnServerCommand(spawnServerCommand),
m_logFile(logFile),
m_rubyCommand(rubyCommand),
m_user(user) {
TRACE_POINT();
serverSocket = -1;
serverPid = 0;
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
restartServer();
}
~ApplicationPoolServer() {
TRACE_POINT();
if (serverSocket != -1) {
UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
shutdownServer();
}
}
/**
* Connects to the server and returns a usable ApplicationPool object.
* All cache/pool data of this ApplicationPool is actually stored on
* the server and shared with other clients, but that is totally
* transparent to the user of the ApplicationPool object.
*
* @note
* All methods of the returned ApplicationPool object may throw
* SystemException, IOException or boost::thread_interrupted.
*
* @warning
* One may only use the returned ApplicationPool object for handling
* one session at a time. For example, don't do stuff like this:
* @code
* ApplicationPoolPtr pool = server.connect();
* Application::SessionPtr session1 = pool->get(...);
* Application::SessionPtr session2 = pool->get(...);
* @endcode
* Otherwise, a deadlock can occur under certain circumstances.
* @warning
* Instead, one should call connect() multiple times:
* @code
* ApplicationPoolPtr pool1 = server.connect();
* Application::SessionPtr session1 = pool1->get(...);
*
* ApplicationPoolPtr pool2 = server.connect();
* Application::SessionPtr session2 = pool2->get(...);
* @endcode
*
* @throws SystemException Something went wrong.
* @throws IOException Something went wrong.
*/
ApplicationPoolPtr connect() {
TRACE_POINT();
try {
this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
MessageChannel channel(serverSocket);
int clientConnection;
// Write some random data to wake up the server.
channel.writeRaw("x", 1);
clientConnection = channel.readFileDescriptor(false);
return ptr(new Client(clientConnection));
} catch (const SystemException &e) {
throw SystemException("Could not connect to the ApplicationPool server", e.code());
} catch (const IOException &e) {
string message("Could not connect to the ApplicationPool server: ");
message.append(e.what());
throw IOException(message);
}
}
/**
* Detach the server, thereby telling it that we don't want to connect
* to it anymore. This frees up some resources in the current process,
* such as file descriptors.
*
* This method is particularily useful to Apache worker processes that
* have just established a connection with the ApplicationPool server.
* Any sessions that are opened prior to calling detach(), will keep
* working even after a detach().
*
* This method may only be called once. The ApplicationPoolServer object
* will become unusable once detach() has been called, so call connect()
* before calling detach().
*/
void detach() {
TRACE_POINT();
int ret;
do {
ret = close(serverSocket);
} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
serverSocket = -1;
}
};
typedef shared_ptr<ApplicationPoolServer> ApplicationPoolServerPtr;
} // namespace Passenger
#endif /* _PASSENGER_APPLICATION_POOL_SERVER_H_ */
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