<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE part PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
               "docbook/dtd/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY corest "CORE SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES">
]>
<!-- $Id: pcapy.xml 15 2003-10-23 17:24:27Z jkohen $ -->
<part>
  <partinfo>
    <copyright>
      <year>2003</year>
      <holder>&corest;</holder>
    </copyright>
    <corpauthor>&corest;</corpauthor>
    <keywordset>
      <keyword>pcap</keyword>
      <keyword>packet</keyword>
      <keyword>capture</keyword>
      <keyword>python</keyword>
    </keywordset>
    <revhistory>
      <revision>
	<revnumber>$Revision: 15 $</revnumber>
	<date>$Date: 2003-10-23 14:24:27 -0300 (Jue, 23 Oct 2003) $</date>
	<authorinitials>$Author: jkohen $</authorinitials>
	<revremark>Initial revision</revremark>
      </revision>
    </revhistory>
  </partinfo>
  <title>Pcapy Reference</title>

  <reference><title>Pcapy Module Reference</title>
    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>open_live</refname>
	<refpurpose>Obtain a packet capture descriptor to look at packets on the network</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>Reader <function>open_live</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>device</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>snaplen</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>promisc</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>to_ms</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>open_live</function> is used to obtain a packet
	  capture descriptor to look at packets on the network.
	  <parameter>device</parameter> is a string that specifies the
	  network device to open; on Linux systems with 2.2 or later
	  kernels, a device argument of <literal>any</literal> or
	  <constant>NULL</constant> can be used to capture packets
	  from all interfaces. <parameter>snaplen</parameter>
	  specifies the maximum number of bytes to capture.
	  <parameter>promisc</parameter> specifies if the interface is
	  to be put into promiscuous mode. (Note that even if this
	  parameter is false, the interface could well be in
	  promiscuous mode for some other reason.) For now, this
	  doesn't work on the <literal>any</literal> device; if an
	  argument of <literal>any</literal> or
	  <constant>NULL</constant> is supplied, the
	  <parameter>promisc</parameter> flag is ignored.
	  <parameter>to_ms</parameter> specifies the read timeout in
	  milliseconds. The read timeout is used to arrange that the
	  read not necessarily return immediately when a packet is
	  seen, but that it wait for some amount of time to allow more
	  packets to arrive and to read multiple packets from the OS
	  kernel in one operation. Not all platforms support a read
	  timeout; on platforms that don't, the read timeout is
	  ignored.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>open_offline</refname>
	<refpurpose>Obtain a packet capture descriptor to look at packets on a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm></refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>Reader <function>open_offline</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>filename</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>open_offline</function> is called to open a
	  <glossterm>savefile</glossterm> for reading. <parameter>filename</parameter>
	  specifies the name of the file to open. The file has the
	  same format as those used by
	  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpdump</refentrytitle>
	    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
	  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpslice</refentrytitle>
	    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The name
	  <filename>-</filename> is a synonym for
	  <filename class="devicefile">stdin</filename>.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>lookupdev</refname>
	<refpurpose>Return a network device suitable for use with
	  <function>open_live</function></refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>string <function>lookupdev</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>lookupdev</function> returns the name of a network
	  device suitable for use with <function>open_live</function>.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>findalldevs</refname>
	<refpurpose>Obtain the list of available network devices</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>string[] <function>findalldevs</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>findalldevs</function> constructs a list of
	  network devices that can be opened with
	  <function>open_live</function>. (Note that there may be
	  network devices that cannot be opened with
	  <function>open_live</function>, because, for example, that
	  process might not have sufficient privileges to open them
	  for capturing; if so, those devices will not appear on the
	  list.)
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>compile</refname>
	<refpurpose>Compile a BPF filter</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>Bpf <function>compile</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>linktype</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>snaplen</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>filter</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>optimize</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>int32 <parameter>netmask</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>compile</function> is used to compile the
	  <parameter>filter</parameter> into a filter program.
	  <function>snaplen</function> specifies the maximum number of
	  bytes to capture. <parameter>optimize</parameter> controls
	  whether optimization on the resulting code is performed.
	  <parameter>netmask</parameter> specifies the netmask of the
	  local network.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>
  </reference>

  <reference><title>Reader Object Reference</title>
    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>dispatch</refname>
	<refname>loop</refname>
	<refpurpose>Collect and process packets</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int <function>dispatch</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>maxcant</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>void <parameter>(* callback)</parameter>
	      <funcparams>Pkthdr, string</funcparams></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>

	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int <function>loop</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>maxcant</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>void <parameter>(* callback)</parameter>
	      <funcparams>Pkthdr, string</funcparams></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>dispatch</function> is used to collect and process
	  packets. <parameter>maxcant</parameter> specifies the
	  maximum number of packets to process before returning. This
	  is not a minimum number; when reading a live capture, only
	  one bufferful of packets is read at a time, so fewer than
	  <parameter>maxcant</parameter> packets may be processed. A
	  <parameter>cnt</parameter> of <literal>-1</literal>
	  processes all the packets received in one buffer when
	  reading a live capture, or all the packets in the file when
	  reading a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>. <parameter>callback</parameter>
	  specifies a routine to be called with two arguments: a
	  <classname>Pkthdr</classname> instance describing the data
	  passed and the data itself.
	</para>
	<para>
	  The number of packets read is returned.
	  <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> is returned if no packets were
	  read from a live capture (if, for example, they were
	  discarded because they didn't pass the packet filter, or if,
	  on platforms that support a read timeout that starts before
	  any packets arrive, the timeout expires before any  packets
	  arrive, or if the file descriptor for the capture device is
	  in non&ndash;blocking mode and no packets were available to be
	  read) or if no more packets are available in a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>.
	</para>
	<note>
	  <para>
	    When reading a live capture, <function>dispatch</function>
	    will not necessarily return when the read times out; on
	    some platforms, the read timeout isn't supported, and, on
	    other platforms, the timer doesn't start until at least
	    one packet arrives. This means that the read timeout
	    should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be used in, for example,
	    an interactive application, to allow the packet capture
	    loop to poll for user input periodically, as there's no
	    guarantee that <function>dispatch</function> will return
	    after the timeout expires.
	  </para>
	</note>
	<para>
	  <function>loop</function> is similar to
	  <function>dispatch</function> except it keeps reading
	  packets until <parameter>maxcant</parameter> packets are
	  processed or an error occurs. It does
	  <emphasis>not</emphasis> return when live read timeouts
	  occur. Rather, specifying a non&ndash;zero read timeout to
	  <function>open_live</function> and then calling
	  <function>dispatch</function> allows the reception and
	  processing of any packets that arrive when the timeout
	  occurs. A negative <parameter>maxcant</parameter> causes
	  <function>loop</function> to loop forever (or at least until
	  an error occurs). <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> is returned
	  if <parameter>maxcant</parameter> is exhausted.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>next</refname>
	<refpurpose>Collect the next packet</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>(Pkthdr, string) <function>next</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>next</function> reads the next packet (by calling
	  <function>dispatch</function> with a
	  <parameter>maxcant</parameter> of <constant>1</constant>)
	  and returns a tuple (header, data) where
	  <parameter>header</parameter> is a
	  <classname>Pkthdr</classname> instance describing the data
	  passed and <parameter>data</parameter> is the data itself.
	</para>
	<note>
	  <para>
	    If the packet could not be read, a tuple is returned
	    anyway but with <parameter>header</parameter>
	    and <parameter>data</parameter> equal respectively
	    to <constant>None</constant> and an empty string.
	  </para>
	</note>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>setfilter</refname>
	<refpurpose>Specify a filter</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef><function>setfilter</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>filter</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>setfilter</function> is used to specify a filter
	  for this object.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>getnet</refname>
	<refname>getmask</refname>
	<refpurpose>Get the associated network number and mask</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int32 <function>getnet</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>

	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int32 <function>getmask</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>getnet</function> and <function>getmask</function>
	  are used to determine the network number and mask associated
	  with the network device attached to this
	  <classname>Reader</classname>.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>datalink</refname>
	<refpurpose>Obtain the link layer type</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int <function>datalink</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>datalink</function> returns the link layer type; link layer types it can return include:
	  <variablelist>
	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_NULL</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>BSD</acronym> loopback encapsulation; the
		  link layer header is a 4&ndash;byte field, in host
		  byte order, containing a <constant>PF_</constant>
		  value from <filename
		    class="headerfile">socket.h</filename> for the
		  network&ndash;layer protocol of the packet.
		</simpara>
		<note>
		  <simpara>
		    <quote>host byte order</quote> is the byte order
		    of the machine on which the packets are captured,
		    and the <constant>PF_</constant> values are for
		    the <acronym>OS</acronym> of the machine on which
		    the packets are captured; if a live capture is
		    being done, <quote>host byte order</quote> is the
		    byte order of the machine capturing the packets,
		    and the <constant>PF_</constant> values are those
		    of the <acronym>OS</acronym> of the machine
		    capturing the packets, but if a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm> is being
		    read, the byte order and <constant>PF_</constant>
		    values are <emphasis>not</emphasis> necessarily
		    those of the machine reading the capture file.
		  </simpara>
		</note>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_EN10MB</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>Ethernet (10Mb, 100Mb, 1000Mb, and up)</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_IEEE802</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara><acronym>IEEE</acronym> 802.5 Token Ring</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_ARCNET</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara><acronym>ARCNET</acronym></simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_SLIP</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  <acronym>SLIP</acronym>; the link layer header contains, in order:
		  <itemizedlist>
		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			a 1&ndash;byte flag, which is
			<literal>0</literal> for packets received by
			the machine and <literal>1</literal> for
			packets sent by the machine.
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <para>
			a 1&ndash;byte field, the upper 4 bits of which indicate the type of packet, as per <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1144:

			<itemizedlist>
			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>0x40</literal>; an unmodified
			      <acronym>IP</acronym> datagram
			      (<constant>TYPE_IP</constant>)
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>0x70</literal>; an
			      uncompressed&ndash;<acronym>TCP/IP</acronym>
			      datagram
			      (<constant>UNCOMPRESSED_TCP</constant>),
			      with that byte being the first byte of
			      the raw <acronym>IP</acronym> header on
			      the wire, containing the connection
			      number in the protocol field
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>0x80</literal>; a
			      compressed&ndash;<acronym>TCP/IP</acronym>
			      datagram
			      (<constant>COMPRESSED_TCP</constant>),
			      with that byte being the first byte of
			      the compressed <acronym>TCP/IP</acronym>
			      datagram header
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		      </para>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			for <constant>UNCOMPRESSED_TCP</constant>, the
			rest of the modified <acronym>IP</acronym>
			header, and for
			<constant>COMPRESSED_TCP</constant>, the
			compressed <acronym>TCP/IP</acronym> datagram
			header
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>

		  </itemizedlist>
		  for a total of 16 bytes; the uncompressed <acronym>IP</acronym> datagram follows the header.
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_PPP</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym>; if the first 2 bytes are
		  <literal>0xff</literal> and <literal>0x03</literal>,
		  it's <acronym>PPP</acronym> in
		  <acronym>HDLC</acronym>&ndash;like framing, with the
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym> header following those two
		  bytes, otherwise it's <acronym>PPP</acronym> without
		  framing, and the packet begins with the
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym> header.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_FDDI</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara><acronym>FDDI</acronym></simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_ATM_RFC1483</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1483
		  <acronym>LLC/SNAP</acronym>&ndash;encapsulated
		  <acronym>ATM</acronym>; the packet begins with an
		  <acronym>IEEE</acronym> 802.2 <acronym>LLC</acronym>
		  header.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_RAW</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  Raw <acronym>IP</acronym>; the packet begins with an
		  <acronym>IP</acronym> header.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_PPP_SERIAL</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym> in
		  <acronym>HDLC</acronym>&ndash;like framing, as per
		  <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1662, or Cisco
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym> with <acronym>HDLC</acronym>
		  framing, as per section &sect;4.3.1 of
		  <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1547; the first byte will be
		  <literal>0xFF</literal> for <acronym>PPP</acronym>
		  in <acronym>HDLC</acronym>&ndash;like framing, and
		  will be <literal>0x0F</literal> or
		  <literal>0x8F</literal> for Cisco
		  <acronym>PPP</acronym> with <acronym>HDLC</acronym>
		  framing.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_PPP_ETHER</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>PPPoE</acronym>; the packet begins with a
		  <acronym>PPPoE</acronym> header, as per
		  <acronym>RFC</acronym> 2516.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_C_HDLC</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  Cisco <acronym>PPP</acronym> with
		  <acronym>HDLC</acronym> framing, as per section
		  &sect; 4.3.1 of <acronym>RFC</acronym> 1547.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_IEEE802_11</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  <acronym>IEEE</acronym> 802.11 wireless
		  <acronym>LAN</acronym>.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_LOOP</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  OpenBSD loopback encapsulation; the link layer
		  header is a 4&ndash;byte field, in network byte
		  order, containing a <constant>PF_</constant> value
		  from OpenBSD's <filename
		    class="headerfile">socket.h</filename> for the
		  network&ndash;layer protocol of the packet.
		</simpara>
		<note>
		  <simpara>
		    Note that, if a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm> is being read, those
		    <constant>PF_</constant> values are
		    <emphasis>not</emphasis> necessarily those of the
		    machine reading the capture file.
		  </simpara>
		</note>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_LINUX_SLL</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  Linux cooked capture encapsulation; the link layer
		  header contains, in order:

		  <itemizedlist>
		    <listitem>
		      <para>
			a 2&ndash;byte "packet  type",  in  network
			byte order, which is one of:

			<itemizedlist>
			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>0</literal>; packet was sent to
			      us by somebody else.
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>1</literal>; packet was
			      broadcast by somebody else.
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>2</literal>; packet was
			      multicast, but not broadcast, by
			      somebody else.
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>3</literal>; packet was sent by
			      somebody else to somebody else.
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>

			  <listitem>
			    <simpara>
			      <literal>4</literal>; packet was sent by
			      us.
			    </simpara>
			  </listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		      </para>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			a 2&ndash;byte field, in network byte order,
			containing a Linux
			<constant>ARPHRD_</constant> value for the
			link layer device type.
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			a 2&ndash;byte field, in network byte order,
			containing the length of the link layer
			address of the sender of the packet (which
			could be 0).
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			an 8&ndash;byte field containing that number
			of bytes of the link layer header (if there
			are more than 8 bytes, only the first 8 are
			present).
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>

		    <listitem>
		      <simpara>
			a 2&ndash;byte field containing an Ethernet
			protocol type, in network byte order, or
			containing <literal>1</literal> for Novell
			802.3 frames without an 802.2
			<acronym>LLC</acronym> header or
			<literal>4</literal> for frames beginning with
			an 802.2 <acronym>LLC</acronym> header.
		      </simpara>
		    </listitem>
		  </itemizedlist>
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>

	    <varlistentry><term><constant>DLT_LTALK</constant></term>
	      <listitem>
		<simpara>
		  Apple LocalTalk; the packet begins with an AppleTalk
		  <acronym>LLAP</acronym> header.
		</simpara>
	      </listitem>
	    </varlistentry>
	  </variablelist>
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>getnonblock</refname>
	<refname>setnonblock</refname>
	<refpurpose>Manipulate the
	  <firstterm>non&ndash;blocking</firstterm> flag</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int <function>getnonblock</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>

	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef><function>setnonblock</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>int <parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>getnonblock</function> returns the current
	  non&ndash;blocking state of the capture descriptor; it
	  always returns <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> on <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>s.
	</para>
      </refsect1>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>setnonblock</function> puts a capture descriptor,
	  opened with <function>open_live</function>, into
	  non&ndash;blocking mode, or takes it out of
	  non&ndash;blocking mode, depending on whether the
	  <parameter>state</parameter> argument is non&ndash;zero or
	  zero. It has no effect on <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>s. In non&ndash;blocking
	  mode, an attempt to read from the capture descriptor with
	  <function>dispatch</function> will, if no packets are
	  currently available to be read, return
	  <returnvalue>0</returnvalue> immediately rather than
	  blocking waiting for packets to arrive.
	  <function>loop</function> and <function>next</function> will
	  not work in non&ndash;blocking mode.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>

    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>dump_open</refname>
	<refpurpose>Create a Dumper object</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>Dumper <function>dump_open</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>filename</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>dump_open</function> is called to open a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>
	  for writing and associate it to a newly created
	  <classname>Dumper</classname> instance. The name
	  <filename>-</filename> is a synonym for <filename
	    class="devicefile">stdout</filename>.
	  <parameter>filename</parameter> specifies the name of the
	  file to open.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>
  </reference>

  <reference><title>Dumper Object Reference</title>
    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>dump</refname>
	<refpurpose>Dump a packet to a <glossterm>savefile</glossterm></refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef><function>dump</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>Pkthdr <parameter>header</parameter></paramdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>dump</function> outputs a packet to the <glossterm>savefile</glossterm>
	  opened with <function>dump_open</function> from type
	  <classname>Reader</classname>.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>
  </reference>

  <reference><title>Pkthdr Object Reference</title>
    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>getts</refname>
	<refname>getcaplen</refname>
	<refname>getlen</refname>
	<refpurpose>Obtain packet header information</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>(long, long) <function>getts</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>

	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>long <function>getcaplen</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>

	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>long <function>getlen</function></funcdef>
	    <void/>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>getts</function>, <function>getcaplen</function>
	  and <function>getlen</function> return the timestamp,
	  capture length and total length fields of the packet header,
	  respectively.
	</para>
	<para>
	  Timestamp is a tuple with two elements: the number of
	  seconds since the Epoch, and the amount of microseconds past
	  the current second. The capture length is the number of
	  bytes of the packet that are available from the capture.
	  Finally, total length gives the length of the packet, in
	  bytes (which might be more than the number of bytes
	  available from the capture, if the length of the packet is
	  larger than the maximum number of bytes to capture).
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>
  </reference>

  <reference><title>Bpf Object Reference</title>
    <refentry>
      <refnamediv>
	<refname>filter</refname>
	<refpurpose>Test a packet against a compiled filter</refpurpose>
      </refnamediv>

      <refsynopsisdiv>
	<funcsynopsis>
	  <funcprototype>
	    <funcdef>int <function>filter</function></funcdef>
	    <paramdef>string <parameter>packet</parameter></paramdef>
	  </funcprototype>
	</funcsynopsis>
      </refsynopsisdiv>

      <refsect1>
	<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
	<para>
	  <function>filter</function> tests a packet against a
	  compiled filter as returned by
	  <classname>pcapy</classname>'s <function>compile</function>.
	  If the packet is allowed to pass through
	  <returnvalue>-1</returnvalue> is returned, otherwise
	  <function>filter</function> returns
	  <returnvalue>0</returnvalue>.
	</para>
      </refsect1>
    </refentry>
  </reference>

  <bibliography>
    <title>Bibliography</title>
    <bibliodiv><title>Sources</title>
      <biblioentry>
	<bibliomisc>
	  Portions of this work based on
	  <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pcap</refentrytitle>
	    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> by the Lawrence
	  Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California,
	  Berkeley, CA.
	</bibliomisc>
      </biblioentry>
    </bibliodiv>
  </bibliography>
</part>