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|
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Pcb</title>
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<h1 class="settitle">Pcb</h1>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Top"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Pcb</h2>
<p>This document is a manual for <code>Pcb</code>, the interactive printed circuit
board layout system for <code>X11</code>.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: <code>Pcb</code> is freely redistributable!
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#History">History</a>: How it all began.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Overview">Overview</a>: An overview of <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Intro">Intro</a>: A short description of the basic objects.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>: Introduction to <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>: Using the autorouter.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>: User commands of <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>: Calling <code>Pcb</code> from a shell.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>: Action routines, resources and default translation.
<li><a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>: Description of <code>ASCII</code> files used by <code>Pcb</code>.
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>: Detailed description of symbol library creation.
<li><a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>: Schematic capture programs that work with PCB.
<li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a>: Compiling, installing and troubleshooting.
<li><a href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>: Customizing the menu bar.
<li><a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>: Searching for elements with regular expressions
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>: Tables of standard drill sizes
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>: Details of the centroid (x-y) output file
<li><a href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>: Documentation for all available actions
<li><a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>: Glossary
<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>: The Index.
</ul>
<!-- -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Copying"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#History">History</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Copying</h2>
<p>Copyright © 1994,1995,1996,1997 Thomas Nau
<p>Copyright © 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002 harry eaton
<p>This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
<p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANT-ABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
<b>GNU General Public License</b> for more details.
<!-- chapter 0 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="History"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">History</h2>
<p><a name="index-Atari-version-1"></a><code>Pcb</code> is a handy tool for laying out printed circuit
boards.
<p><code>Pcb</code> was first written by Thomas Nau for an Atari ST in 1990 and
ported to <code>UNIX</code> and <code>X11</code> in 1994.
It was not intended as a professional layout system,
but as a tool which supports people who do some
home-developing of hardware.
<p>The second release 1.2 included menus for the first time. This made
<code>Pcb</code> easier to use and thus a more important tool.
<p>Release 1.3 introduced undo for highly-destructive commands,
more straightforward action handling and scalable fonts. Layer-groups
were introduced to group signal-layers together.
<p>Release 1.4 provided support for add-on device drivers.
Two layers (the solder and the component side)
were added to support SMD elements. The handling of libraries
was also improved in 1.4.1. Support for additional devices like
GERBER plotters started in 1.4.4. The undo feature was expanded
and the redo-feature added in 1.4.5.
<p>harry eaton took over pcb development beginning with Release 1.5,
although he contributed some code beginning with Release 1.4.3
<p>Release 1.5 provides support for rats-nest generation from simple net
lists. It also allows for automatic clearances around pins that pierce
a polygon. A variety of other enhancements including a Gerber RS-274X
driver and NC drill file generation have also been added.
<p>Release 1.6 provides automatic screen updates of changed regions.
This should eliminate most of the need for the redraw ((<em>R</em> key).
Also some changes to what order items under the cursor are selected
were made for better consistency - it is no longer possible to
accidentally move a line or line point that is completely obscured
by a polygon laying over top of it. Larger objects on the upper
most layers can be selected ahead of smaller objects on lower layers.
These changes make operations more intuitive. A new mode of line
creation was added that creates two line on 45 degree angles
with a single click. The actual outline of the prospective line(s) are
now shown during line creation. An arc creation mode was added.
Drawn arcs are quarter circles and can be useful for high frequency
controlled impedance lines. (You can have eighth circle arc if the
source is compiled with -DARC45, but be aware that the ends of such
arcs can never intersect a grid point). Two new flags for pins and
vias were created - one indicates that the pin or via is purely a
drill hole and has no copper annulus. You can only toggle this flag
for vias - for elements, it must be an integral part of the element
definition. The other flag controls whether the pad will be round
or octagonal. There is also now a feature for converting the contents
of a buffer into an element.
<p>Release 1.6.1 added the ability to make groups of action commands bound to
a single X11 event to be undone by a single undo. Also a simple design rule
checker was added - it checks for minimum spacing and overlap rules. Plus
many fixes for bugs introduced with the many changes of 1.6
<p>Release 1.7 added support for routing tracks through polygons without touching
them. It also added support for unplated drill files, and drawing directly
on the silk layer. A Netlist window for easily working with netlist was also added.
<p>Release 2.0 adds an auto-router, a new simpler library mechanism, much improved
support for graphically creating (and editing) elements, viewable solder-mask
layers (and editing), snap to pins and pads, netlist entry by drawing rats, element
files (and libraries) that can contain whole sub-layouts, metric grids, improved
user interface, a GNU autoconf/automake based build system, and a host
of other improvements.
<p>Special thanks goes to:
<pre class="display"> Thomas Nau (who started the project and wrote the early versions).
C. Scott Ananian (who wrote the auto-router code).
Bernhard Daeubler (Bernhard.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
Harald Daeubler (Harald.Daeubler@physik.uni-ulm.de)
DJ Delorie (djdelorie@users.sourceforge.net)
Larry Doolittle (ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov)
Dan McMahill (danmc@users.sourceforge.net)
Roland Merk (merk@faw.uni-ulm.de)
Erland Unruh (Erland.Unruh@malmo.trab.se)
Albert John FitzPatrick III (ajf_nylorac@acm.org)
Boerge Strand (borges@ifi.uio.no)
Andre M. Hedrick (hedrick@Astro.Dyer.Vanderbilt.Edu)
</pre>
<p><br>who provided all sorts of help including porting <code>Pcb</code> to<br>
several operating systems and platforms, bug fixes, library enhancement,
user interface suggestions and more. In addition to these people,
many others donated time for bug-fixing and
other important work. Some of them can be identified in the source code
files. Thanks to all of them. If you feel left out of this list, I
apologize; please send me an e-mail and I'll try to correct the omission.
<!-- overview chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Overview"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Intro">Intro</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#History">History</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">1 Overview</h2>
<p><a name="index-PCB_002c-an-overview-2"></a>
Pcb is a printed circuit board editor for the X11 window system.
Pcb includes many professional features such as:
<ul>
<li>Up to 16 copper layer designs by default. By changing a compile time setting, this
can be set as high as needed.
<li>RS-274X (Gerber) output
<li>NC Drill output
<li>Centroid (X-Y) data output
<li>Postscript and Encapsulated Postscript output
<li>Autorouter
<li>Trace optimizer
<li>Rats nest
<li>Design Rule Checker (DRC)
<li>Connectivity verification
<li>Pcb is Free Software
<li>Can interoperate with free schematic capture tools such as gEDA and
xcircuit
</ul>
<!-- chapter 1 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Intro"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">2 Introduction</h2>
<p><a name="index-layout-objects_002c-an-overview-3"></a>
Each layout consists of several, mostly independent, objects. This chapter
gives an overview of the object types and their relationship to each other.
For a complete description of how to use <code>Pcb</code>, refer to
<a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>.
The layout is generated on-screen on a grid that can have its origin
at any desired location.
The X coordinate increases to the right, Y increases down to the bottom.
All distances and sizes in <code>Pcb</code> are measured in mils
(0.001 inch). One unit on the coordinate display is one mil in
distance on the board.
The grid may be set on a metric pitch, but is only correct to within
the nearest +/- 0.01 mil because <code>Pcb</code> stores all dimensions as
integer multiples of 1/100 of a mil or 0.00001 inch.
<p>The sections in this chapter are sorted by the
order of appearance of the objects within a layout file.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a>: Information about fonts and symbols.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>: Vias and pins connect layers.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>: Element, the basic type of circuits.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>: A <span class="samp">container</span> for lines, text...
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>: Tracks on the board
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>: Curved tracks
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>: Planes and such
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>: Objects to add symbols to your board.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>: Describes the desired connections on the board.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Symbol-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.1 Symbols</h3>
<p><a name="index-symbols_002c-an-overview-4"></a><a name="index-font_002c-an-overview-5"></a>
The top object is the layout itself. It uses a set of symbols
that resides at the first logical level. Each symbol is uniquely identified
by a seven bit <code>ASCII</code> code. All layout objects share the same set of
symbols. These symbols are used to form text objects on the silkscreen
and copper layers. Undefined symbols are drawn as filled rectangles.
<p>Every font file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when it is loaded.
For details see <span class="samp">fontCommand</span>, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Via-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.2 Vias</h3>
<p><a name="index-vias_002c-an-overview-6"></a>
Vias provide through-hole connectivity across all layers.
While vias look a lot like element pins, don't use vias
for adding elements to the layout, even if that seems
easier than creating a new element. The default solder-mask
will cover over vias, so you won't be able to solder to them.
Of course, you can change this so that vias also have
solder-mask cut-outs, but it is not the default.
Vias are also useful for defining arbitrary drill points such as
those used for mounting a board. Vias used in this way have
a special flag set so that they have no annular copper ring,
and also appear in the unplated drill file. <em>Ctrl-H</em> key over
a via switches it between being a pure-mounting hole and a regular via.
You can assign a name to a via, which is useful during the creation
of new element definitions.
Each via exists on all copper layers. (<em>i.e.</em>
blind and buried vias are not supported)
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Element-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.3 Elements</h3>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-an-overview-7"></a><a name="index-layout_002dname-8"></a>
Elements represent the components on a board.
Elements are loaded from <code>ASCII</code> coded files in a
similar manner to the layout file itself, or from the
library selector window.
An element is composed of lines and arcs on the silk-screen
layer (used to define the package outline), pins
(or pads for SMD) and three labels that define the
description, the element's layout-name (which also
appears on the silk-screen layer) and its value. You
can choose which of the names are displayed on the screen
with the <b>Screen</b> menu; however, the silk screen in
the printout will always show the layout-name.
Element pins are contained on the first logical level
and so reside on all layers, but the pads of surface-mount
elements reside on only the component or solder
layers. An element can have a mixture of pins, pads
(on one or both sides), and mounting holes.
<p>A mark is used to position the element with
respect to the cross hair during pasting.
The mark will lie on a grid point when the element
is positioned. The mark is drawn as a small diamond
shape, but is only visible when <em>both</em> the <code>silk</code>
and <code>pins/pads</code> layers are visible.
All parts of an element are treated as one unit, except for
the name.
It is not possible to delete a single pin or move
only part of an element on the layout.
You can resize separate pieces of an element,
but doing so is usually a bad idea. You can move/rotate
the element name independently of the element it belongs
to. When you move an element name, a line is draw from
the cursor to the element mark so it is easy to tell
which element the name belongs to.
<p>Each pin and pad has two string identifiers, one is the
"name" which is a functional description of the pin
(<em>e.g.</em> "clock in") and the other is the "number" of the
pin which is used to identify it in a netlist. The "number"
is usually an integer, but it can be any string. You
can edit the "name" of each pin of an element, but the
"number" is embedded in the element definition and is
determined when the new element is first created.
Pads are similar to lines on a layer but they must be oriented
either vertically or horizontally.
Pads can have either rounded or square ends. Pins
can be round, square, or octagonal.
<p>Elements are supported by several special layers: <code>silk</code>, <code>pins/pads</code> and
<code>far-side</code>. The <code>silk</code> layer shows the package outline and
also holds legend text and element names. The <code>pins/pads</code> layer is used to toggle
whether the element's pins and pads are displayed. The <code>far-side</code> layer controls visibility
of objects (silkscreen and pads) that are on the far (<em>i.e.</em> not currently viewed) side
of the board.
<p>The “oldlib” style of footprint libraries distributed with
<code>Pcb</code> rely upon the M4 macro processor. M4 is typically
installed under the name <code>m4</code> on most unix-like operating
systems. It is recommended that you use the GNU version of M4 to
avoid limitations found in some vendor implementations. See the m4
man page on your system for more information.
Every element file is preprocessed by a user-defined command when the file is read.
For details see <span class="samp">elementCommand</span>, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>. <code>m4</code>, the default
value of <span class="samp">elementCommand</span>, allows you to create libraries for
package definitions that are shared by all elements.
The old element libraries distributed with <code>Pcb</code> expect <code>m4</code> or an
equivalent to be the <em>elementCommand</em>. The new library scheme simply has
each element stored in a self-contained file, so there is no need to learn
<code>m4</code> to add to the libraries.
<p><code>Pcb</code> can create a list of
all connections from one (or all) elements to the others or a list of
unconnected pins.
It can also verify the layout connections against a netlist file.
The element's <span class="samp">layout-name</span> is the name used to identify the element
in a netlist file (see <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>).
<p>The old libraries, or very old (pre-1.6) layout files may have
incorrect pin numbering since there was no concept of pin numbers
when they were created. <code>Pcb</code> uses the order of appearance of
the pin definitions in the layout or library file if it uses the
old format, but there is no guarantee that it will be correct for
these old objects.
<p><a name="index-old-library-9"></a><a name="index-library-accuracy-10"></a><b>Be aware that a few of the old library parts may still be incorrectly
implemented regarding pin-numbering.</b> All of the DIL (Dual-
Inline-Pins) parts are correct and most of the others are too,
but you should verify the pin numbering
of any non-DIL part before using an old library part.
(use the <span class="samp">generate object report</span> in the <b>Info</b> menu
to see what <code>Pcb</code> thinks a pin's number is)
All of the old
library names begin with a ~, so you can easily identify them.
The old libraries also <em>may</em> contain other sorts of errors,
including incorrect pin spacing, silkscreen overlapping solder areas, etc.
<b>Check carefully any element in the old library before using it!</b>
As the new library grows, the old library will be pared down to
at least remove all of the elements with errors, but this will
take time.
<p>You can make your own element definitions graphically now.
Simply draw vias for the pins, lines on the solder and/or
component layers for surface-mount pads (they must be either horizontal
or vertical),
and lines and arcs on the silkscreen layer for the silkscreen
outline. You should <em>name</em> (<em>N</em> key) each via and copper line with the pin <em>number</em>.
Once you are happy with the geometry, select everything that is to become part of
the element, then choose <span class="samp">convert selection to element</span> from the <b>Select</b> menu.
Afterwords you can make pin (or pad) one
square if you like, and give the element its various names. You can also give
the pins and pads their functional names. Note that the
element mark corresponds to the position you click after choosing the
conversion from the menu, so decide where the mark goes and make
sure it falls on a grid point before you request the conversion.
If the vias/lines are not named, then the pin numbering will correspond to the
order in which they were placed.
<p>When you create a new element, remember that silkscreen lines
should <em>never</em> overlap the copper part of the
pins or pads, as this can interfere with soldering. The silkscreen
should identify the maximum extent of the element package so it
is easy to see how close elements can be placed together.
<p>If you want to make an element similar to an existing one, you can
break an element into constituent pieces from the <b>Buffer</b> menu.
Paste the pieces to the layout, make the necessary changes, then
convert it back into an element. If the pin numbers haven't changed,
there is no need to name each via/line as they are pre-named when
the element was broken apart. When you create a new element, you
can save it to a file in order to have easy access to it the next
time you run <code>Pcb</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Layer-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.4 Layers</h3>
<p><a name="index-layers_002c-an-overview-11"></a>
Every layout consists of several layers that can be used independently
or treated as a group.
Layer groups can be used to logically separate (and color-code)
different traces (<em>e.g.</em> power and signal); however, all
layers within a group reside on the same physical
copper layer of a board, so using different layers within the same
group won't provide electrical separation where they touch or overlap.
For details, see <span class="samp">layerGroups</span>, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
Each layer is drawn in a color defined in the resource file
and identified by a name that you can change (for details
see <span class="samp">layerColor</span>, <a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.)
Layers are really just containers for line, arc, polygon, and text objects. The
component and solder layers contain SMD elements as well, but the
file structure doesn't reflect that fact directly.
<p><a name="index-layer-groups-12"></a>Each layer group
represents a physical layer on the printed circuit board. If you want to make
a four layer board, you'll need to have at least four layer groups.
Connections between layer groups are established only through element pins and vias.
The relationship between a specific layer and the board itself is configurable from
the <span class="samp">Edit layer groups</span> option in the <b>Settings</b> menu.
The layer groups corresponding to the physical layers: <em>component-side</em>
and <em>solder-side</em> are always defined and you must map at least one
logical layer to each, even if you plan to make a single-sided board.
You are not obligated to put tracks on either of them.
Surface mount elements always reside on either the component-side or the
solder-side layer group. When you paste an element from the buffer,
it will go onto whichever side of the board you are viewing.
You can swap which side of the board you are viewing by pressing
the <em>Tab</em> key, or by selecting <span class="samp">view solder side</span> from the
<b>Screen</b> menu.
The layer groups just have a name or number associated with them - where
they are sandwiched in the board is left for you to tell the
manufacturer.
<p>The silkscreen layer is special because there are actually two silkscreen
layers, one for the top (component) and one for the bottom (solder) side
of the board. Which silk layer you draw on is determined by the side of the
board that you are viewing. If you are viewing the component side, then
drawing on the silk layer draws to the component-side silk layer.
<p>The netlist layer is another special layer. It shows rat's-nest lines
(<em>i.e.</em> guides that show how the netlist expects the element to interconnect).
If you make this the active layer, you can use the Line tool to add
entries into the netlist, or to delete connections from the netlist
window. Except for these two purposes, you should not
make the netlist layer the active layer. Usually there is no need to
do this because a separate schematic package should be used to create the
netlist. <code>Pcb</code> can automatically draw all of the rats from
the netlist. In some cases you may want to make a small change without
going to the trouble of modifying the schematic, which is why this
facility is provided.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Line-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.5 Lines</h3>
<p><a name="index-lines_002c-an-overview-13"></a>
Lines are used to draw tracks on the pc board.
When in the line mode, each <em>Btn1</em>
press establishes one end of a line.
Once the second point is defined, the line is drawn
and a new line started where the first one ended.
You can abandon the new starting point in favor
of another by pressing <em>Ctrl-Btn1</em>, or
<em>Btn3</em>, but don't use <em>Btn2</em>.
The undo function (<em>U</em> key or <span class="samp">undo last operation</span>
from the <b>Edit</b> menu) will take you back
point by point if you use it while in the line mode. If you drag
the pointer out of the Layout area while drawing a line, the
display will auto-scroll (assuming sufficient zoom for scrolling).
To stop auto-scroll, simply pass the pointer over the panner control.
<p><a name="index-two-line-mode-14"></a>New lines can be restricted to 45 degree angles if desired. You can toggle this
restriction on and off while creating lines by pressing the <em>period</em> key.
If the 45 degree restriction is turned on, then the <em>/</em> (forward slash) key
can be used to cycle through three different modes of 45 degree line creation.
One mode just creates a single line forced to the nearest 45 degree vector. The next
mode creates two lines from the start to end points such that the first line leaves the
start point at a 90 degree vector, and the second line enters the end point on a 45
degree vector. The last mode creates two lines such that the first line leaves the
start point on a 45 degree vector and arrives at the end point on a 90 degree vector.
You can temporarily swap between the last two modes by holding the <em>Shift</em> key down.
<p>It is simple to edit a line object by breaking it into pieces (insert point mode),
moving an end point or the whole line (<em>Arrow tool</em>),
or changing the layer it resides on (<em>M</em> key moves the line under the pointer
to the active layer).
In the case when two line segments meet at exactly the same
point you can delete the intermediate point, otherwise the delete tool removes an entire line.
Feel free to experiment
since <code>Pcb</code> will allow you to undo and redo anything that materially affects your work.
If you switch active layers in the midst of placing lines a via will automatically be
placed, when necessary, in order to continue the connection.
<p><a name="index-clearance-15"></a>If you draw a line inside a polygon, it will either plow through the
polygon creating a clearance, or touch the polygon. This behavior is
selectable in the <b>Settings</b> menu for new lines. To change the
behavior of an existing line, hit the <em>J</em> key with the cross hair
over the line. You can increase the size of the clearance by 2 mils on
each edge with the with the
<em>K</em> key. <em>Shift-K</em> will decrease the clearance by 2 mils.
The increment may be changed from 2 mils through the application
resource file.
The clearance can be also increased, decreased and set
by the <em>ChangeClearSize</em> action.
<p>Lines do not need to intersect the center of a pin, pad, via, or other
line for <code>Pcb</code> to understand that they make electrical connection.
If the connection is too tenuous, running the design rule checker will report
that the connection may break if the line width shrinks slightly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Arc-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.6 Arcs</h3>
<p><a name="index-arc-16"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> can handle arcs of any angular extent, but when you
create an arc with the Arc tool, it will
be a quarter circle (this means they always bend a right angle). Arcs are very similar
to lines otherwise. They are created on the active layer and have the same thickness
that new lines will have. The various clicks for creating lines work pretty much the
same way for creating arcs.
In order to make the arc curve in the desired direction, drag the mouse along
the tangent line from the starting position towards the end position. If the grid is
too coarse, it may not be possible to distinguish whether you've moved over then up,
or up then over, so if you can't seem to make the arc go in the direction you want, try pressing
the <em>Shift</em> key while drawing the arc. Decreasing the grid spacing may also help.
Alternatively you can draw the wrong arc, then
rotate and move it where you want. Like the Line tool, after an arc is drawn a new
starting point is established at the end point.
<p>Whenever a starting point is established
by either the Line or Arc tools it will be retained if you switch directly between the
tools (e.g. <em>F2</em> key for Lines, <em>F8</em> key for Arcs. Arcs can either touch or
clear polygons just like lines do. Of course connection
searches, undo and all the other features you'd expect work with arcs too.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Polygon-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.7 Polygons</h3>
<p><a name="index-polygon_002c-an-overview-17"></a>
Sometimes it's useful to fill large areas with solid copper.
The way to do this is with polygons.
Polygons can be created in either the polygon mode or the rectangle mode.
In the polygon mode, you'll have to define each corner of the polygon
with a mouse click (<em>Btn1</em>). When the last point is clicked
exactly on top of the starting point, the polygon is finished.
Since this can be hard to do, the <em>Shift-P</em> key will enter the
final point for you, closing the polygon.
If the 45 degree angle restriction is turned on
and you try to close the polygon when it is not possible, you'll get a
warning instead. If you haven't finished entering a polygon, but want to
undo one (or more) of the points that you've already defined, use the
undo command (<em>U</em> key).
<p>With the rectangle tool, defining
the two diagonally opposite corners is sufficient, but of course the resulting
polygon is a rectangle.
Like lines, a polygon can by edited by deleting, inserting and moving the points
that define it. Pins and vias <em>always</em> clear through polygons without
touching them when first positioned. You must add a thermal with the thermal
tool in order to connect pins and vias to polygons. Thermals can be added and removed by
clicking <em>Btn1</em> with the thermal tool over the pin or via.
The thermal tool always
places a thermal to polygons on the active layer, so if the tool doesn't
seem to work, it's probably because the polygon you want to touch is not
on the active layer.
<p><code>Pcb</code> is capable of handling complex polygons, but
using a number of simpler ones improves performance of the connection tracing code.
You also must be careful not to create polygons that touch or overlap themselves.
The fabricated board may not look the way you expect if you violate this
principle. It is always ok to have two (or more) polygons touch or overlap
each other, but not for points within the same polygon to do so.
<p>The great advantage to this new polygon behavior is that simple or complex ground
and/or power planes can be easily made with polygons and seen on the screen.
If you don't want this auto-clearance behavior, or you load a layout created by
an early version of <code>Pcb</code>, the old behavior
(shorts to all piercing pins and vias) is available. A <span class="samp">ChangeSize</span>
operation (<em>S</em> key) toggles a polygon between the new and old polygon/pin
behavior.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Text-Objects"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.8 Text</h3>
<p><a name="index-text_002c-an-overview-18"></a><a name="index-strings_002c-an-overview-19"></a>
Text objects should be used to label a layout or to put additional
information on the board. Elements have their <span class="samp">layout-name</span> labels on the
silk-screen layer. If you are making a board without a silkscreen,
you can use copper text to label the elements, but you have to do
this manually.
<p>Text is always horizontal when first created, but the
rotate mode can align it along 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree angles.
Text on the far side of the board will automatically appear mirror-imaged.
<p><em>Warning:</em> <b>TEXT OBJECTS ON A COPPER LAYER CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
CONNECTIONS OR TESTED FOR CREATING SHORTS VS. THE NETLIST. NEITHER ARE TEXT OBJECTS TESTED AGAINST ANY DESIGN RULES</b>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Net-Objects"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Intro">Intro</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">2.9 Nets</h3>
<p><a name="index-rats_002dnest-20"></a><a name="index-netlist-21"></a>
Layout files also contain the netlist that describes how the elements
are supposed to be interconnected. This list of connections can be
loaded from a netlist file (see <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>), or
entered by drawing rat-lines as described
previously. Each net has a name and routing style associated with it.
The net contains a list of all element <em>layout-name</em> names and
pin <em>numbers</em> that should
be connected to the net. Loading a netlist file will replace all
existing nets with the ones from the file.
The <em>Netlist</em> window provides an easy way to
browse through the net list. You can display the rat's-nest by selecting
<span class="samp">optimize rats-nest</span> from the <b>Connects</b> menu. If you move or rotate elements,
the rat's-nest will automatically follow the movements, but they won't
necessarily show the shortest paths until you optimize them again.
<!-- chapter 2 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Getting-Started"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Intro">Intro</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">3 Getting Started</h2>
<p><a name="index-how-to-start-22"></a>
The goal of this chapter is to give you enough information to learn how
<code>Pcb</code> works and how to develop your layouts to make the best use of <code>Pcb</code>'s
features. All event translations (<em>i.e.</em> the buttons and keys you
press) refer to the default application resource file shipped with <code>Pcb</code>.
There is probably no need to change this unless your window
manager uses some of the button events itself; however, if you <em>want</em>
to customize the behavior of <code>Pcb</code> then changing the resource file
is usually the best way to do it.
<p>Get yourself a printout of this chapter and <em>User Commands</em>, if you
haven't already done so, and follow the examples.
<p>Start <code>Pcb</code> (the actual command will use all lower-case letters)
without any additional options.
If you get the error message:
<pre class="display"> can't find default font-symbol-file 'default_font'
</pre>
<p><br>then the font searchpath or filename in the application resource<br>
file is wrong. Be sure that your <code>m4</code> program supports search paths.
If not, get <code>GNU m4</code>.
For other messages, see <a href="#problems">problems</a>.
Another quick-start is provided by <code>pcbtest.sh</code> in the <span class="file">src</span>
directory. If some features don't seem to work, try running <code>pcbtest.sh</code>,
if that works, then <code>Pcb</code> hasn't been installed properly.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>: The elements of the main window.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>: The optional logging window
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>: The circuit selection window
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>: The desired connections window
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Printing">Printing</a>: Creating Gerber files or postscript files
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>: Selecting/Moving objects.
<li><a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>: Helps you place and route tracks against a netlist.
<li><a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>: Check for manufactureability
<li><a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>: Optimization of layouts
<li><a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>: Searching for elements
<li><a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>: Measuring distances
<li><a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a>: Mapping drills to a vendor specified list
<li><a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>: How to get a list of all or some connections.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Application-Window"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.1 The Application Window</h3>
<p>The main window consists of six areas:
the menu at the top, the panner control in the upper left corner, the layer
controls located below the panner, the tool buttons
located below the layer controls, the Layout area to the right of these, and the
status line at the bottom of the window.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Menu">Menu</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>: What is the program configuration.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Panner-Control">Panner Control</a>: Used to pan the layout view when zoomed in.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>: Switch layers on/off; change current one.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>: Select a layout tool.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a>: Where the layout is drawn.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Menu"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.1 Menus</h4>
<p><a name="index-menus-23"></a><a name="index-popping-up-menus-24"></a>
The menus are located at the top of the Layout area. Most, but not all,
of their functions are also available from the keyboard. Similarly, some
functions are only achievable through the keyboard or command entry.
Some menu entries such as <span class="samp">center layout</span> in the <b>Screen</b> menu require a certain cross hair position.
In this case a prompt message will popup at the bottom of the screen
with wording similar to the following:
<pre class="example"> move pointer to the appropriate screen position and press a button
</pre>
<p>Any mouse button will do the job, whereas any key except the arrow (cursor) keys
will cancel the operation. If it seems like the menu hasn't done what you
expected, check to see if it is waiting for the position click. For details see <a href="#Actions">Actions</a>.
<p>Pressing <em>Btn3</em> in the Layout area also pops up a menu with many of the most common operations (except
when you're in the midst of drawing a line or arc). When
a choice in the <em>Btn3</em> popup menu needs a cross hair position, it uses the position
where the cross hair was when <em>Btn3</em> was pressed. For example, to get detailed
information on an object, place the cross hair over the object, press <em>Btn3</em>, then
choose <span class="samp">object report</span>. If you pop up the <em>Btn3</em> menu but don't want to
take any of the actions, click on one of the headers in the menu.
<a name="index-File_002c-popup-menu-25"></a>
<dl><dt><b>File</b><dd>This menu offers a choice of loading, saving and printing data, saving
connection information to a file or quitting the application. Most
of the entries in the <b>File</b> menu are self explanatory.
Selecting
<span class="samp">print layout</span> pops up a printer control dialog.
A selection of several device drivers is available from the printer control
dialog. Presently <em>PostScript</em>, <em>encapsulated PostScript</em>,
and <em>GerberX</em> are supported. The <em>GerberX</em> driver produces
all of the files necessary to have the board professionally manufactured.
The connection saving features in the <b>File</b> menu produce outputs in an
arcane format that is not too useful. They do <em>not</em> produce netlist
files.
<p><a name="index-Edit_002c-popup-menu-26"></a><a name="index-undo-27"></a><a name="index-redo-28"></a><br><dt><b>Edit</b><dd>The <b>Edit</b> menu provides the usual cut, copy, paste
which work on selections. To learn how to
create complex selections, see <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>.
The <b>Edit</b> menu also
provides access to Undo and Redo of the last operation. These
can also be accomplished with the <em>U</em> key and <em>Shift-R</em>
key. Finally, the <b>Edit</b> menu allows you to change the names
of: the layout, the active layer, or text objects on the layout.
<p><a name="index-Screen_002c-popup-menu-29"></a><a name="index-displaying-element-names-30"></a><a name="index-element_002c-display-names-of-31"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-display-32"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-alignment-33"></a><a name="index-zoom_002c-setting-34"></a><br><dt><b>Screen</b><dd>The <b>Screen</b> menu supports most functions related to
the whole Layout area. There are various entries to change the grid to some popular
values, the zoom factor, and which kind of element name is displayed.
You can also re-align the grid origin and turn on and off the display
of the grid.
Before changing the grid alignment, I recommend that you zoom in as close as
possible so that you're sure the grid
points appear exactly where you want them.
<p><a name="index-solder-mask_002c-viewing-and-editing-35"></a>The <b>Screen</b> menu also allows you to turn on and off the
visibility of the solder-mask layer. When the solder-mask layer
is made visible it obscures most of the layout, so only turn
this on when you really want to know what the solder-mask will
look like. The solder-mask that you see belongs to the
side of the board you are viewing, which can be changed with
the <span class="samp">view solder side</span> option, also found in the <b>Screen</b> menu.
When the solder-mask is displayed, the pin and pad clearance adjustments
(see <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>) alter the size of mask cut-outs.
<p><a name="index-Sizes_002c-popup-menu-36"></a><br><dt><b>Sizes</b><dd>The <b>Sizes</b> menu allows you to select a group of line thickness, via diameter, via drill
size, and clearance (keepaway) (collectively called a "routing style") to be copied to the "active" sizes.
You can also change the names given to the routing styles and adjust their values from
this menu. The "active" sizes are also adjustable from this menu.
The "active" sizes are shown in the status-line and control the initial size of new vias,
drilling holes, lines, clearances, text-objects and also the maximum dimensions of the
board layout.
<p><a name="index-Settings_002c-popup-menu-37"></a><a name="index-unique-names-38"></a><a name="index-rubber-band-39"></a><a name="index-snap-to-pins-40"></a><a name="index-clearance_002c-for-new-lines-41"></a><br><dt><b>Settings</b><dd>The <b>Settings</b> menu controls several operating configuration
parameters. The <span class="samp">edit layer groups</span> entry brings up a dialog
that allows you to change the way layers are grouped. Layer grouping
is described in <a href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a>. The <span class="samp">all-direction lines</span>
entry controls
the clipping of lines to 45-degree angles. You can also control
whether moving individual objects causes the attached lines to
"rubber band" with the move or not from the <b>Settings</b> menu. Another
entry controls whether the starting clip angle for the two-line
mode (see <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>) alternates every other line. You can
also control whether element names must be unique from the <b>Settings</b>
menu. When unique element names are enforced, copying a new element
will automatically create a unique <span class="samp">layout-name</span> name for it
provided that the name originally ended with a digit (<em>e.g.</em>
U7 or R6). The <b>Settings</b> menu allows you to control
whether the cross hair will snap to pins and pads even when they
are off-grid. Finally you can control whether new lines and
arcs touch or clear intersecting polygons from this menu.
<p><a name="index-Select_002c-popup-menu-42"></a><a name="index-selected-objects_002c-removing-43"></a><a name="index-selected-objects_002c-changing-sizes-44"></a><br><dt><b>Select</b><dd>This menu covers most of the operations that work with selected objects.
You may either (un)select all visible objects on a layout or only the ones
which have been found by the last connection scan see
<!-- DRM: not sure where this was suppose to xfef to. -->
<!-- @ref{find connections} -->
.
You can delete all selected objects from this menu.
Other entries in the <b>Select</b> menu change the sizes of selected objects.
Note that a select action only affects those objects that are
selected <em>and</em> have their visibility turned on in the Layer Control
panel. The <b>Select</b> menu also provides a means for selecting objects
by name using unix <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>.
<p><a name="index-Buffer_002c-popup-menu-45"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-popup-menu-46"></a><a name="index-element_002c-editing-47"></a><br><dt><b>Buffer</b><dd>From the <b>Buffer</b> menu you may select one out of five
buffers to use, rotate or clear its contents or save the buffer contents
to a file. You can also use the <span class="samp">break buffer element to pieces</span> entry
to de-compose an element into pieces for editing.
Note: only objects with visibility turned on are pasted to the layout. If
you have something in a buffer, then change which side of the board you
are viewing, the contents of the buffer will automatically be mirrored
for pasting on the side you are viewing. It is not necessary to clear
a buffer before cutting or copying something into it - it will automatically
be cleared first.
<p><a name="index-Connects_002c-popup-menu-48"></a><a name="index-auto_002drouter-49"></a><a name="index-design-rule-checker_002c-invoking-50"></a><br><dt><b>Connects</b><dd>The entries available through the <b>Connects</b> menu allow you to find
connections from objects and to manipulate these.
You can also optimize or erase rat's nests from this menu. Finally,
the <span class="samp">auto-route all rats</span> entry allows you to auto-route
all connections show by the rat's nest. The auto-router will use
any visible copper layer for routing, so turn off the visibility of any
layers you don't want it to use. The auto-router will automatically
understand and avoid any traces that are already on the board, but
it is not restricted to the grid. Finally,
the auto-router routes using the active sizes (except for nets that
have a route-style defined). <code>Pcb</code> always knows which tracks
were routed by the auto-router, and you can selectively remove them
without fear of changing tracks that you have manually routed
with the <span class="samp">rip-up all auto-routed tracks</span> entry in the <b>Connects</b>
menu. The <span class="samp">design rule checker</span> entry runs a check for copper
areas that are too close together, or connections that touch too
tenuously for reliable production. The DRC stops when the first
problem is encountered so after fixing a problem be sure to
run it again until no problems are found.
<pre class="display"> <em>Warning:</em> <b>COPPER TEXT IS IGNORED BY THE DRC CHECKER</b>.
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Info_002c-popup-menu-51"></a><a name="index-report-52"></a><a name="index-object-report-53"></a><a name="index-drill-report-54"></a><br><dt><b>Info</b><dd>The <span class="samp">generate object report</span> entry from the <b>Info</b> menu
provides a way to get detailed information
about an object, such as its coordinates, dimensions, etc.
You can also get a report summarizing all of the drills
used on the board with <span class="samp">generate drill summary</span>. Lastly,
you can get a list of all pins, pads and vias that were
found during a connection search.
<p><a name="index-Window_002c-popup-menu-55"></a><br><dt><b>Window</b><dd>The <b>Window</b> menu provides a way to bring each of <code>Pcb's</code>
windows to the front. The <em>Library</em> window is used to
bring elements from the library into the paste-buffer. The
<em>Message Log</em> window holds the various messages that
<code>Pcb</code> sends to the user. The <em>Netlist</em> window shows
the list of connections desired.
</dl>
<p>Now that you're familiar with the various menus, it's time
to try some things out. From the <b>File</b> menu choose
<span class="samp">load layout</span>, navigate to the tutorial folder, then
load the file <span class="samp">tut1.pcb</span>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Panner-Control">Panner Control</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu">Menu</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.2 The Status-line and Input-field</h4>
<p><a name="index-status-information-56"></a><a name="index-displaying-status-information-57"></a><a name="index-input_002dfield_002c-position-of-58"></a>
The status-line is located at the bottom edge of the main window.
During normal operation the status information is visible there.
When a selected menu operation requires an additional button click, the
status-line is replaced by a message telling you to position the cursor
and click.
When a text input is required, the status-line is replaced by the
Input-field which has a prompt for typing the input.
<p>The status-line shows, from left to right, the side of the board that you
are viewing (<em>Tab</em> key changes this), the current grid values,
if new lines are restricted to 45 degrees,
which type of 45 degree line mode is active, whether rubberband move and
rotate mode is on (R), and the zoom factor.
This information is followed by the active line-width, via-size
and drilling hole, keepaway spacing, and text scaling. Last is the active buffer number and the
name of the layout. An asterisk appearing at the far left indicates that the
layout has been modified since the last save.
Note that the name of the layout is not the same
thing as the filename of the layout.
Change the grid factor to 1.0 mm from the <b>Screen</b> menu. Observe how the
status line shows the new grid setting. Except for the case of the metric
grid, all dimensions in the status line are in units of 0.001 inch (1 mil).
<p>The input-field pops up (temporarily replacing the status-line) whenever user input
is required. Two keys are bound to the input field: the <em>Escape</em> key
aborts the input, <em>Return</em> accepts it. Let's change the name of a component
on the board to see how the input-field works. Position the cross hair over
R5, and press the <em>N</em> key. The input field pops-up showing the name
for you to edit. Go ahead and change the name, then hit return. Notice the name
of the element changed. Now undo the change by pressing the <em>U</em> key. You can
position the cross hair over the name, or the element before pressing the
<em>N</em> key.
<p>Now select <span class="samp">realign grid</span> from the <b>Screen</b> menu. Notice that the
status line has been replaced with an instruction to position the cursor
where you want a grid point to fall. In this case, since the cross hair
can only fall on a grid point, you must move the tip of the finger cursor
to the place where you want a grid point to appear. Do not worry that
the cross hair is not coincident with the cursor. Click <em>Btn1</em> at
your chosen location. See how the grid has shifted, and the status line
has returned.
<p>The present cross hair position is displayed in the upper right corner of the window.
Normally this position is an absolute coordinate, but you can anchor a marker at
the cross hair location by pressing <em>Ctrl-M</em> (try it now) and then the
display will read both the absolute cross hair position as well as the difference
between it and the marker. The numbers enclosed in < > are the X and Y distances
between the cross hair and the mark, while the numbers enclosed in parenthesis
are the distance and angle from the mark to the cross hair. The values displayed
are always in units of 0.001 inch (1 mil).
Pressing <em>Ctrl-M</em> again turns the marker off.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Panner-Control"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.3 The Panner Control</h4>
<p><a name="index-Panner-control-59"></a><a name="index-View_002c-adjusting-60"></a>
The panner control, located at the upper left side of the window, is used to
adjust what portion of the layout is seen in the Layout area. The outer
rectangle of the panner represents the whole layout (extended to have the
panner aspect ratio), while the inner control rectangle represents the
portion seen through the Layout area. Slowly drag this part around with
the mouse (<em>Btn1</em>) to see how it pans the layout. Release the panner
control, but leave the pointer within the outer most rectangle of the
control. Now hit a few keyboard arrow keys. Each arrow key moves the region
seen one-half window size in the arrow direction. If you want to see a
portion of the layout that is off the top of the screen, you need to
drag the panner up, or hit the up arrow key.
<p>Move the pointer back into the Layout area.
Increase the zoom by hitting the <em>Z</em> key. See how the inner part of
the panner becomes smaller to reflect that you are viewing a smaller
part of the layout. Now zoom out by hitting <em>Shift-Z</em>. If you
hit the arrow key with the pointer in the Layout area, it moves
the pointer rather than scrolling the window. In general the keyboard
shortcuts depend on which region of <code>Pcb's</code> window the pointer
is over. For the most part, the key strokes in this manual refer to
the case when the pointer is in the Layout area. You can do fine
scrolling in the Layout area by dragging it directly with the
Panner tool. Press the <em>Escape</em> key to select the panner tool.
Now drag in the layout area with <em>Btn1</em> down. You can scroll the drawing
window while the pointer is inside it with <em>Mod-Arrow</em>
keys.
<p>If you are moving or drawing an object and go beyond the drawing
window borders, the window will auto-scroll. If you want to stop
the auto-scrolling while the pointer is outside the Layout area,
simply pass the pointer briefly over the panner control area, or
a menu button.
<p>Another way to navigate around a layout is with <em>Shift-Btn3</em>.
When pressed down, the layout will zoom so the whole extent of
objects is visible, and will return to the previous zoom when
you release the button, but will be centered at the cross hair
position where the button is released. You can do this while in
the middle of drawing an object. Try it now to center near
U7.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Layer-Controls"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Panner-Control">Panner Control</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.4 The Layer Controls</h4>
<p><a name="index-layer-controls-61"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-switching-on_002foff-62"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-changing-which-is-active-63"></a><a name="index-change-active-layer-64"></a>
The layer control panel, located below the panner control, is used to turn on
and off the display of layer groups and to select the active drawing layer.
If a layer hasn't been named, the label "<em>(unknown)</em>" is used as the default.
If this happens, it probably means the application resources are not installed
properly.
<p>The upper buttons are used to switch layers on and off. Click
<em><Btn1></em> on one or more of them. Each click toggles the setting.
If you turn off the currently active layer, another one that is visible
will become active. If there are no others visible, you will not be
able to turn off the active layer.
When the layers are grouped, clicking on these buttons will toggle
the visibility of all layers in the same group. This is a good idea because
layers in the same group reside on the same physical layer of
the actual board. Notice that this example has 2 groups each having
3 layers, plus two other layers named <span class="samp">unused</span>.
Use the <span class="samp">Edit layer groups</span> option in the <span class="samp">Settings</span> menu to
change the layer groupings. Note that changing the groupings can
radically alter the connectivity on the board.
Grouping layers is only useful for helping you to color-code
signals in your layout. Note that grouping layers actually reduces the number
of different physical layers available for your board, so to make an eight
layer board, you cannot group any layers.
<p>The <em>far side</em> button turns on and off the visibility of elements
(including SMD pads) on the opposite (to the side you're viewing)
board side, as well as silk screening on that side. It does not
hide the x-ray view of the other copper layers, these must be turned off
separately if desired. Use the <em>tab</em> key to view the entire board from the other
side. To see a view of what the back side of the board will actually look like,
make the solder layer the active layer then press <em>tab</em> until the status
line says "solder" on the right, then turn off the visibility of all layers
except solder, pins/pads, vias, and silk. Now turn them all back on.
<p>The lowest button, named <em>active</em>, is used to change the active
drawing layer. Pressing <em><Btn1></em> on it pops up a menu to select which
layer should be active.
Each entry is labeled with the layer's name and drawn in its color.
The active layer is automatically made visible. The active layer is
always drawn on top of the other layers, so the ordering of layers
on the screen does not generally reflect the ordering of the manufactured
board. Only the solder, component, silkscreen, and solder-mask layers
are always drawn in their physical order. Bringing the active layer
to the top makes it easier to select and change objects on the active layer.
Try changing the active layer's name to <em>ABC</em> by selecting
<span class="samp">edit name of active layer</span> from the <span class="samp">Edit</span> menu.
Changing the active layer can also be done by pressing keys
<em>1..MAX_LAYER</em>.
<p>Turn off the visibility of the component layer.
Now make the component layer the active layer. Notice that it
automatically became visible. Try setting a few
other layers as the active layer. You should also experiment
with turning on and off each of the layers to see what happens.
<p>The netlist layer is a special layer for adding connections to
the netlist by drawing rat lines. This is not the recommended
way to add to the netlist, but occasionally may be convenient.
To learn how to use the netlist layer see <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Tool-Selectors"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.5 The Tool Selectors</h4>
<p><a name="index-mode-selection-65"></a><a name="index-tool-selection-66"></a><a name="index-selecting-a-new-tool-67"></a>
The tool selector buttons reside below the layer controls.
They are used to select which layout tool to use in the drawing
area. Each tool performs its function when <em>Btn1</em> is pressed.
Every tool gives the cursor a unique shape that identifies it.
The tool selector buttons themselves are icons that illustrate their function.
Each layout tool can also be selected from the keyboard:
<pre class="example"> <em>Escape</em> key Panner tool
<em>F1</em> key Via tool
<em>F2</em> key Line tool
<em>F3</em> key Arc tool
<em>F4</em> key Text tool
<em>F5</em> key Rectangle tool
<em>F6</em> key Polygon tool
<em>F7</em> key Buffer tool
<em>F8</em> key Delete tool
<em>F9</em> key Rotate tool
<em>Insert</em> key Insert-point tool
<em>F10</em> key Thermal tool
<em>F11</em> key Arrow tool
<em>F12</em> key Lock tool
</pre>
<p>Some of the tools are very simple, such as the Via tool. Clicking
<em>Btn1</em> with the Via tool creates a via at the cross hair position.
The via will have the diameter and drill sizes that are active,
as shown in the status line.
The Buffer tool is similar. With it, <em><Btn1></em> copies
the contents of the active buffer to the layout, but only
those parts that reside on visible layers are copied.
The Rotate tool allows you to rotate elements, arcs, and text objects
90 degrees counter-clockwise with each click. Holding the <em>Shift</em>
key down changes the Rotate tool to clockwise operation.
Anything including groups of objects
can be rotated inside a buffer using the rotate buffer menu option.
<p>The Line tool is explained in detail in <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a>. Go read
that section if you haven't already.
Activate the Line tool. Set the active layer to the solder layer.
Try drawing some lines. Use the <em>U</em> key to undo some of the
lines you just created. Zoom in a bit closer with the <em>Z</em> key.
Draw some more lines. Be sure to draw some separate lines by starting
a new anchor point with <em>Ctrl-Btn1</em>. Change the <span class="samp">crosshair snaps to pin/pads</span>
behavior in the <b>Settings</b> menu. Now draw a line. Notice that
the new line points must now always be on a grid point. It might not
be able to reach some pins or pads with this setting. Increase the active line thickness
by pressing the <em>L</em> key. Note that the status line updates
to reflect the new active line thickness. Now draw another line. Before completing the
next line, make the component layer active by pressing the <em>4</em> key.
Now finish the line. Notice that a via was automatically placed where
you switched layers. <code>Pcb</code> does not do any checks to make sure that
the via could safely be placed there. Neither does it interfere with
your desire to place lines haphazardly. It is up to you to place
things properly when doing manual routing with the Line tool.
<p>The Arc tool is explained in detail in <a href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a>. Its
use is very similar to the Line tool.
<p>The Rectangle tool, Polygon tool and Thermal tool are explained in detail in
<a href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a>. Go read that section.
Remember that the Thermal tool will only create and destroy thermals
to polygons on the active layer. Use the Rectangle tool to make a
small copper plane on the component layer. Now place a via in the
middle of the plane. Notice that it does not touch the plane, and
they are not electrically connected. Use the Thermal tool to make
the via connect to the plane. Thermals allow the via or pin to
be heated by a soldering iron without having to heat the entire
plane. If solid connections were made to the plane, it could be
nearly impossible to solder. Click on the via again with the
Thermal tool to remove the connection to the plane.
<p>The Insert-point tool is an editing tool that allows you to add
points into lines and polygons. The
Insert-point tool enforces the 45 degree line
rule. You can force only the shorter line segment to 45
degrees by holding the <em>Shift</em> key down while inserting the point.
Try adding a point into one of the lines you created. Since line
clipping is turned on, you may need to move the cross hair quite far
from the point where you first clicked on the line. Turn off the
line clipping by selecting <span class="samp">all-direction lines</span> from the
<b>Settings</b> menu (or hit
the <em>Period</em> key). Now you can place an inserted point anywhere.
Try adding a point to the rectangle you made earlier. Start by clicking
somewhere along an edge of the rectangle, then move the pointer to
a new location and click again.
<p>The delete-mode deletes the object beneath the cursor with each
<em>Btn1</em> click.
If you click at an end-point that two lines have in common, it will replace the two lines with a single line
spanning the two remaining points. This can be used to delete an "inserted"
point in a line, restoring the previous line. Now delete one of the original corner
points of the polygon you were just playing with. To do this, place the cross hair over the
corner and click on it with the Delete tool. You could also use the <em>Backspace</em> key
if some other tool is active. Try deleting some of
the lines and intermediate points that you created earlier. Use undo
repeatedly to undo all the changes that you've made. Use redo
a few times to see what happens. Now add a new line. Notice that
you can no longer use redo since the layout has changed since
the last undo happened. The undo/redo tree is always pruned in this
way (<em>i.e.</em> it has a root, but no branches).
<p>The Arrow tool is so important, it has its own section: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>.
Go read it now.
<p>The Lock tool allows you to lock objects on the layout. When an object
is locked, it can't be selected, moved, rotated, or resized. This is
useful for very large objects like ground planes, or board-outlines that
are defined as an element. With such large objects, nearly anywhere you
click with the Arrow tool will be on the large object, so it could be
hard to draw box selections. If you lock an object, the Arrow tool will
behave as if it didn't exist. You cannot unlock an object with undo.
You must click on it again with the Lock tool. If an object is locked,
previous changes to it cannot be undone either. When you lock
an object, a report message about it is popped up and will always tell
you what object it is, and that it is locked if you just locked it.
Other than noticing your inability to manipulate something, the only
way to tell an object is locked is with a report from the <b>Info</b>
menu. Use the Lock tool sparingly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Layout-Area"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.1.6 Layout Area</h4>
<p><a name="index-grid-68"></a>
The layout area is where you see the layout. The cursor shape depends
on the active tool when the pointer is moved into the layout area.
A cross hair follows the X11 pointer with respect to the grid setting.
Select a new grid from the <em>Screen</em> menu.
The new value is updated in the status line.
A different way to change the grid is
<em>Shift<Key>g</em> to decrease or <em><Key>g</em> to increase
it, but this only works for English (integer mil) grids.
The grid setting is saved along with the data when you save a pcb layout.
For homemade layouts a value around 50 is a good setting.
The cursor can also be moved in the layout area with the cursor (arrow) keys or, for larger
distances, by pressing the <em>Shift</em> modifier together with a cursor key.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Log-Window"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Application-Window">Application Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.2 Log Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-log-window-69"></a><a name="index-messages-70"></a>
This optional window is used to display all kind of messages including
the ones written to <em>stderr</em> by external commands. The main advantage
of using it is
that its contents are saved in a scrolling list until the
program exits. Disabling this feature by setting the resource
<em>useLogWindow</em> to <em>false</em> will generate popup windows to display
messages. The <em>stderr</em> of external commands will appear on <code>Pcb</code>s
<em>stderr</em> which normally is the parent shell. I suggest you iconify
the log window after startup for example by setting <em>*log.iconic</em> to
<em>true</em> in the resource file. If <em>raiseLogWindow</em> is set <em>true</em>,
the window will deiconify and raise itself whenever new messages are to be
displayed.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Library-Window"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.3 Library Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-window-71"></a>
The library window makes loading elements (or even partial layouts) easy.
Just click the appropriate library from the list on the left. A list
of its elements then appears on the right. Select an element
from the list by clicking on its description. Selecting an element from the
library will also automatically copy the element into
the active buffer, then invoke the <em>Buffer</em> tool so
you can paste it to the layout. Elements in the old library should be
taken with a grain of salt (<em>i.e.</em> check them carefully before
using). The old library names all begin with ~ so you can easily distinguish between
the old and new libraries. All of the elements in the new library
should be thoroughly vetted, so you
can use them with confidence. The new libraries are stored simply
as directories full of element files, so making additions to the
new library is easy since there is no need to learn <code>m4</code>.
For details on the old libraries,
check-out <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a> and <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>. For
details on the format of an element file used for the new libraries,
see <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Netlist-Window"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.4 Netlist Window</h3>
<p><a name="index-Netlist-Window-72"></a>
The netlist window is very similar to the library window. On the left
is a list of all of the nets, on the right is the list of connections
belonging to the chosen net. The chosen net is highlighted in the
list and also shown on the second line of the window in red. If the
net name has a star to the left of it then it is "disabled". A disabled
net is treated as if it were not in the net list. This is useful, for
example, if you plan to use a ground plane and don't want the ground
net showing up in the rat's nest. You can enable/disable individual
nets by double-clicking the net name. If you want to enable or disable
all nets at once, there are two buttons at the top of the netlist
window for this purpose.
<p>The button labeled <span class="samp">Sel Net On Layout</span>
can be used to select (on the layout) everything that is connected
(or is supposed to be connected) to the net. If you click on a
connection in the connection list, it will select/deselect
the corresponding pin or pad in the layout and also center the layout
window where it is located. If you "Find" (<span class="samp">lookup connection
to object</span> in the <b>Connects</b> menu [also <em>F</em> key]), a pin
or pad it will also choose the net and connection in the netlist window
if it exists in the netlist.
<p>If no netlist exists for the layout, then the netlist window does not
appear. You can load a netlist from a file from the <b>File</b> menu. The
format for netlist files is described in <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Drawing-and-Removing"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.5 Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</h3>
<p><a name="index-drawing-objects-73"></a><a name="index-removing-objects-74"></a><a name="index-erasing-objects-75"></a><a name="index-object_002c-drawing-and-removing-76"></a>
hace begging gutting here, and do a real-world tutorial example.
<p>There are several ways of creating new objects: you can draw them yourself,
you can copy an existing object (or selection), or you can load an element from a file or
from the Library window. Each type of object has a particular tool for creating it.
<p>The active tool can be selected from the tool selectors in the bottom
left corner or by one of the function keys listed earlier in this chapter.
Each <em><Btn1></em> press with the tool tells the application to create
or change the appropriate object or at least take
the first step to do so. Each tools causes the cursor to take
on a unique shape and also causes the corresponding
tool selector button to be highlighted. You can use either cue
to see which tool is active.
<p>Insert mode provides the capability of inserting new points into existing
polygons or lines. The 45 degree line clipping is now enforced when selected.
Press and hold the shift key while positioning the new point to only clip
the line segment to the nearer of the two existing points to 45 degrees.
You can also toggle the 45-degree clipping in the middle of a point
insertion by pressing the <em><Key>.</em>
If the shift key is not depressed and the 45 degree line clipping mode
is on, both new line segments must be on 45 degree angles - greatly
restricting where the new point may be placed. In some cases this can cause
confusion as to whether an insertion has been started since the two new
lines may be forced to lie parallel on top of the original line until the
pointer is moved far from the end points.
<p>Removing objects, changing their size or moving them only applies to objects
that are visible when the command is executed.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Common">Common</a>: Keystrokes common to some objects.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Lines">Lines</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>: Drawing polygons and rectangles.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Text">Text</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Vias">Vias</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Elements">Elements</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>: A multi-purpose buffer.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Common"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Lines">Lines</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Common Drawing and Removing Methods</h4>
<p><a name="index-creating-objects-77"></a><a name="index-object_002c-creating-an-78"></a><a name="index-removing-objects-79"></a><a name="index-object_002c-removing-an-80"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-objects-81"></a><a name="index-object_002c-changing-the-size-of-an-82"></a>
There are several keystrokes and button events referring to an <em>object</em>
without identifying its type. Here's a list of them:
<p><em><Btn1></em> creates (or deletes) an object depending on the
current mode.
<p><em><Key>BackSpace</em> or <em><Key>Delete</em> removes the visible
object at the cursor location. When more than one object exists at the
location, the order of removal is: via, line, text, polygon and
element. The drawn layer order also affects the search - whatever is
top - most (except elements) is affected before lower items. Basically
all this means that what is removed is probably just what you expect.
If for some reason it isn't, undo and try again.
Only one object is removed for each keystroke. If two or more
of the same type match, the newest one is removed.
<p>Use <em><Key>s</em> and <em>Shift<Key>s</em> to change the size (width)
of lines, arcs, text objects, pins, pads and vias, or to toggle the style
of polygons (whether pins and vias automatically have clearances).
<p><em><Key>n</em> changes the name of pins, pads, vias, the
string of a text object, or the currently displayed label of an element.
<p><em><Key>m</em> moves the line, arc, or polygon under the cross hair to the
active layer if it wasn't on that layer already.
<p><em><Key>u</em> (undo) recovers from an unlimited number of operations
such as creating, removing, moving, copying, selecting etc. It works like
you'd expect even if you're in the midst of creating something.
<p><em>Shift<Key>r</em> restores the last undone operation provided no other
changes have been made since the undo was performed.
<p><em><Key>tab</em> changes the board side you are viewing.
<p>For a complete list of keystrokes and button events see <a href="#Translations">Translations</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Lines"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Common">Common</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Lines</h4>
<p><a name="index-lines_002c-an-example-83"></a><a name="index-example-of-line-handling-84"></a>
To draw new lines you have to be in <em>line-mode</em>. Get there either by
selecting it from the <em>Tool palette</em> or by pressing <em><Key>F2</em>.
Each successive <em>notify</em> event creates a new line. The
adjustment to 45 degree lines is done automatically if it is selected from the
<em>Display</em> menu. You can toggle the 45 degree mode setting by
pressing the <em><Key>.</em> (That is the period key). When 45 degree enforcement
is turned on there are three distinct modes of line creation: a single
line on the closest 45 degree vector towards the cross hair (but not necessarily
actually ending at the cross hair), two lines created such that the first leaves
the start point on a 90 degree vector and the second arrives at the cross hair
on a 45 degree vector, and finally two lines created such that the first leaves
the start point on a 45 degree vector and the second arrives at the cross hair
on a 90 degree vector. These last two modes always connect all the way from
the start and end points, and all lines have angles in 45 degree multiples.
The <em><Key>/</em> cycles through the three modes. The status line shows a
text icon to indicate which of the modes is active and the lines following
the cross hair motion show the outline of the line(s) that will actually be created.
Press <em><Key>Escape</em> to leave line-mode.
<p><em><Key>l</em>, <em>Shift<Key>l</em> and the entries in the
<em>Sizes</em> menu change the initial width of new lines. This width is also
displayed in the status line.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Arcs"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Lines">Lines</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Arcs</h4>
<p><a name="index-arc_002c-an-example-85"></a>
An Arc is drawn with the <em>arc-tool</em>. Get there either by selecting it
from the <em>Tool palette</em> or by pressing <em><Key>F8</em>. Press <em>Btn1</em> to
define the starting point for the arc. Drag the mouse towards the desired
end point along the path you want the arc to follow. The outline of the arc that
will be created is shown on the screen as you move the mouse. Arcs are always
forced to be 90 degrees and have symmetrical length and width ( i.e. they are
a quarter circle). The next <em>Btn1</em> click creates the arc. It will have
the same width as new lines (displayed in the status line) and appear on the
active layer. The arc leaves the starting point towards the cross hair along
the axis whose distance from the cross hair is largest. Normally this means that
if you drag along the path you want the arc to follow, you'll get what you
want. If the grid is set to the arc radius, then the two distances will be
equal and you won't be able to get all of the possible directions. If this
is thwarting your desires, reduce the grid spacing (<em>!Shift<Key>G</em>) and
try again.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Polygons"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text">Text</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arcs">Arcs</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 Polygons and Rectangles</h4>
<p><a name="index-polygon_002c-an-example-86"></a><a name="index-example-of-polygon-handling-87"></a><a name="index-rectangle_002c-an-example-88"></a><a name="index-example-of-rectangle-handling-89"></a>
A polygon is drawn by defining all of its segments as a series of
consecutive line segments. If the first point matches a new one and if
the number of points is greater than two, then the polygon is closed.
Since matching up with the first point may be difficult, you may use
<em>Shift<Key>p</em> to close the polygon. The <em>Shift<Key>p</em> won't
work if clipping to 45 degree lines is selected
and the final segment cannot match this condition.
I suggest you create simple convex polygons in order to avoid a strong
negative impact on the performance of the connection scanning routines.
The <em>rectangle-mode</em> is just an easy way to generate rectangular polygons.
<em>Polygon-mode</em> also is selected by <em><Key>F6</em> whereas
<em>rectangle-mode</em> uses <em><Key>F4</em>.
Pressing a <em><Btn1></em> at two locations creates a rectangle by
defining two of its corners.
<em><Key>Insert</em> brings you to <em>insert-point-mode</em> which lets you
add additional points to an already existing polygon.
Single points may be removed by moving the cross hair to them and selecting
one of the delete actions <em>(remove-mode, BackSpace, or Delete</em>. This only works
if the remaining polygon will still have three or more corners.
Pressing <em><Key>u</em> or <em><Key>p</em> while entering a new polygon
brings you back to the previous corner. Removing a point does not
force clipping to 45 degree angles (because it's not generally possible).
Newly created polygons will not connect to pins or vias
that pierce it unless you create a thermal (using the thermal mode) to make
the connection. If the edge of a polygon gets too close to a pin or via that
lies outside of it, a warning will be issued and the pin will be given a
special color. Increasing the distance between them will remove the warning
color.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Text"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Vias">Vias</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygons">Polygons</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.5 Text</h4>
<p><a name="index-text_002c-an-example-90"></a><a name="index-strings_002c-an-example-91"></a><a name="index-example-of-text-handling-92"></a>
Pressing <em><Key>F5</em> or clicking one of the text selector buttons
changes to <em>text-mode</em>.
Each successive notify event (<em><Btn1></em>)
pops up the input line at the bottom and queries for a string.
Enter it and press <em><Key>Return</em> to confirm or
<em><Key>Escape</em> to abort.
The text object is created with its upper left corner at the current pointer
location.
The initial scaling is changed by <em><Key>t</em> and
<em>Shift<Key>t</em> or from the <em>Sizes</em> menu.
<p>Now switch to <em>rotate-mode</em> and press
<em><Btn1></em> at the text-objects location. Text objects
on the solder side of the layout are automatically mirrored and
flipped so that they are seen correctly when viewing the solder-side.
<p>Use <em><Key>n</em> to edit the string.
<p><b>TEXT OBJECTS ON COPPER LAYERS CREATE COPPER LINES BUT THEY ARE NOT SCANNED FOR
CONNECTIONS</b>. If they are moved to the silkscreen layer, they
no longer create copper.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Vias"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Elements">Elements</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text">Text</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.6 Vias</h4>
<p><a name="index-vias_002c-an-example-93"></a><a name="index-example-of-via-handling-94"></a>
The initial size of new vias may be changed by <em><Key>v</em> and
<em>Shift<Key>v</em> or by selecting the appropriate entry from the
<em>Sizes</em> menu. <em>Mod1<Key>v</em> and <em>Mod1 Shift<Key>v</em> do
the same for the drilling hole of the via.
The statusline is updated with the new values.
Creating a via is similar to the other objects. Switch to <em>via-mode</em>
by using either the selector button or <em><Key>F1</em> then press
<em><Key>]</em> or <em><Btn1></em> to create one.
<em><Key>n</em> changes the name of a via. If you want to create a mounting
hole for your board, then you can place a via where you want the hole to
be then convert the via into a hole. The conversion is done by pressing
<em>!Ctrl<Key>h</em> with the cross hair over the via. Conceptually it is
still a via, but it has no copper annulus. If you create such a hole in
the middle of two polygons on different layers, it will short the layers.
Theoretically you could arrange for such a hole not to be plated, but a
metal screw inserted in the hole would still risk shorting the layers.
A good rule is to realize that holes in the board really are vias between
the layers and so place them where they won't interfere with connectivity.
You can convert a hole back into a normal via with the same keystroke used
to convert it in the first place.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Elements"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Vias">Vias</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.7 Elements</h4>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-an-example-95"></a><a name="index-example-of-element-handling-96"></a>
Some of the functions related to elements only work if both the package
layer and the pin layer are switched on.
<p>Now that you're familiar with many of the basic commands, it is
time to put the first element on the layout.
First of all, you have to load data into the paste buffer.
There are four ways to do this:
<pre class="example"> 1) load the data from a library
2) load the data from a file
3) copy data from an already existing element
4) convert objects in the buffer into an element
</pre>
<p>We don't have any elements on the screen yet nor anything in the
buffer, so we use number one.
<p><a name="index-example-files-97"></a><a name="index-m4_002c-preprocessing-example-files-98"></a>Select <em>lsi</em> from the menu in the library window press
<em><Btn1></em> twice at the appropriate text-line to get
the MC68030 CPU.
The data is loaded and the mode is switched to <em>pastebuffer-mode</em>.
Each notify event now creates one of these beasts. Leave the mode
by selecting a different one or by <em><Key>Escape</em> which resets
all modes..
The cross hair is located at the <em>mark</em> position as defined by
the data file. Rotating the buffer contents is done by selecting
the <em>rotate</em> entry of the <em>Buffer</em> menu or by pressing
<em>Shift<Key>F3</em>. The contents of the buffer
are valid until new data is loaded into it either by a cut-to-buffer
operation, copy-to-buffer operation or by loading a new data file.
There are 5 buffers
available (possibly more or less if changed at compile time
with the <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>).
Switching between them is done by selecting a menu entry or
by <em>Shift<Key>1..MAX_BUFFER</em>.
Each of the two board sides has its own buffers.
<p>The release includes all data files for the circuits that are used
by the demo layout. The elements in the LED example are not found in the library,
but you can lift them from the example itself if you want.
If you have problems with the color of the cross hair, change the resource
<em>cross hairColor</em> setting to a different one.
<p><a name="index-example-of-loading-an-element-file-99"></a><a name="index-pins_002c-an-example-100"></a><a name="index-example-of-pin-handling-101"></a>Now load a second circuit, the MC68882 FPU for example.
Create the circuit as explained above. You now have two different unnamed
elements. Unnamed means that the layout-name of the element
hasn't been set yet. Selecting <em>description</em> from the <em>Display</em>
menu displays the description string of the two circuits which
are CPU and FPU. The values of the circuits are set to MC68030 and MC68882.
Each of the names of an element may be changed
by <em><Key>n</em> at the elements location and editing the old name in
the bottom input line. Naming pins and vias is similar to elements.
You can hide the element name so that it won't appear on the board
silkscreen by pressing <em><key>h</em> with the cursor over the element.
Doing so again un-hides the element name.
<p>Entering <kbd>:le</kbd> and selecting an element data file is
the second way to load circuits.
<p>The third way to create a new element is to copy an existing one.
Please refer to <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>.
<p><a name="index-example-of-creating-an-element-102"></a><a name="index-element_002c-creating-a-new-package-103"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-104"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-105"></a>The fourth way to create a new element is to convert a buffer's contents
into an element. Here's how it's done: Select the Via-tool from the
<em>Tool pallet</em>. Set the grid spacing to something appropriate for
the element pin spacing. Now create a series of vias where the pins
go. Create them in pin number order. It is often handy to place a reference
point (<em>!Ctrl<Key>m</em>) in the center of the first pin in order to measure
the location of the other pins. Next make a solder-side layer the active
layer from the <em>active-layer</em> popup menu. Now draw the outline of
the element using lines and arcs. When you're done, select everything that
makes up the element with a box selection (<em><Btn3Down> drag,
<Btn3Up></em>). Now select "cut selection to buffer" from the <em>Buffer</em>
menu. Position the cursor over the center of pin 1 and press the left
button to load the data into the buffer.
Finally select "convert buffer to element" from the <em>Buffer</em> menu.
You'll only want to create elements this way if they aren't already in the
library. It's also probably a good idea to do this before starting any of
the other aspects of a layout, but it isn't necessary.
<p>To display the pinout of a circuit move to it and press <em>Shift<Key>d</em>
or select <em>show pinout</em> from the <em>Objects</em> menu. A new window
pops up and displays the complete pinout of the element. This display can
be difficult to read if the component has been rotated 90 degrees :-(
therefore, the new window will show an un-rotated view so the pin names
are readable.
<em><Key>d</em> displays the name of one or all pins/pads inside the
Layout area, this is only for display on-screen, it has no effect on any
printing of the layout.
<p>You also may want to change a pin's or pad's current size by pressing
<em><Key>s</em> to increase or <em>Shift<Key>s</em> to decrease it. While
this is possible, it is not recommended since care was probably taken
to define the element structure in the first place. You can also change the thickness
of the element's silkscreen outline with the same keys. You can
change whether a pin or SMD pad is rounded or square with the <em><Key>q</em>.
SMD pads should usually have squared ends. Finally, you can change whether
the non-square pins are round or octagonal with the <em>!Ctrl<Key>o</em>.
<p>SMD elements and silkscreen objects are drawn in the "invisible object"
color if they are located on the opposite side of the board.
<p>For information on element connections refer to <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Pastebuffer"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Elements">Elements</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.8 Pastebuffer</h4>
<p><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-an-example-106"></a><a name="index-example-of-pastebuffer-handling-107"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-an-example-108"></a><a name="index-example-of-buffer-handling-109"></a>
The line-stack and element-buffer of former releases have been replaced
by 5 (possibly more or less if changed at compile time
with the <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>)
multi-purpose buffers that are selected by
<em>Shift<Key>1..MAX_BUFFER</em>. The status line shows which buffer is
the active one.
You may load data from a file or layout into them.
Cut-and-paste works too.
If you followed the instructions earlier in this chapter you should
now have several objects on the screen. Move the cross hair to one of them
and press <em><Btn3Down></em> to toggle its selection flag. (If you drag the
mouse while the button is down, a box selection will be attempted instead
of toggling the selection.) The object
is redrawn in a different color. You also may want to try
moving the pointer while holding the third button down and
release it on a different location. This selects all objects inside the
rectangle and unselects everything else. If you want to add a box selection
to an existing selection, drag with <em>Mod1<Btn3Down></em> instead.
Dragging <em>Shift Mod1<Btn3Down></em> unselects objects in a box.
Now change to <em>pastebuffer-mode</em> and select some operations from the
<em>Buffer</em> menu. Copying objects to the buffer is available as
<em>Mod1<Key>c</em> while cutting them uses <em>Mod1<Key>x</em> as
shortcut. Both clear the buffer before new data is added.
If you use the menu entries, you have to supply a cross hair position by
pressing a mouse button. The objects are attached to the pastebuffer
relative to that cross hair location.
Element data or PCB data may be merged into an existing layout by loading
the datafiles into the pastebuffer. Both operations are available from
the <em>File</em> menu or as user commands.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Moving-and-Copying"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.6 Moving and Copying</h3>
<p><a name="index-moving_002c-an-example-110"></a><a name="index-copying_002c-an-example-111"></a><a name="index-example-of-moving-112"></a><a name="index-example-of-copying-113"></a>
All objects can be moved including element-names, by
<em><Btn2Down></em>, dragging the pointer while holding the button down
and releasing it at the new location of the object. If you use
<em>Mod1<Btn2Down></em> instead, the object is copied. Copying does not work for
element-names of course. You can move all selected objects with
<em>Shift <Btn1></em>. This uses the Pastebuffer, so
it will remove whatever was previously in the Pastebuffer.
Please refer to <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>.
If you want to give a small nudge to an object, but you don't think
that the mouse will give you the fine level of control that you want,
you can position the cursor over the object, press <em><Key>[</em>,
move it with the arrow keys, then press <em><Key>]</em> when it's at the
desired position. Remember that all movements are forced onto grid coordinates, so
you may want to change the grid spacing first.
<p><a name="index-moving_002c-traces-to-a-different-layer-114"></a><a name="index-changing-layers-115"></a>To move a trace or group of traces to a different layer, first select
the tracks to be moved. It's easiest to do this if you shut off everything
but that layer first (i.e. silk, pins, other layers, etc).
Now set the current layer to be the new layer.
Press Shift-M to move all the selected tracks to the current layer.
See the <em>MoveToCurrentLayer</em> action for more details.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Loading-and-Saving"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printing">Printing</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.7 Loading and Saving</h3>
<p><a name="index-loading_002c-an-example-116"></a><a name="index-saving_002c-an-example-117"></a><a name="index-example-of-saving-118"></a><a name="index-example-of-loading-119"></a>
After your first experience with <code>Pcb</code> you will probably want to save
your work. <kbd>:s name</kbd> passes the data to an external program which
is responsible for saving it. For details see <em>saveCommand</em> in
<a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
Saving also is available from the <em>File</em> menu, either with or
without supplying a filename. <code>Pcb</code> reuses the last
filename if you do not pass a new one to the save routine.
<p>To load an existing layout either select <em>load layout data</em> from the
<em>File</em> menu or use <kbd>:l filename</kbd>. A file select box pops up if you
don't specify a filename. Merging existing layouts into the new one is
supported either by the <em>File</em> menu or by <kbd>:m filename</kbd>.
<p><a name="index-backup-120"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-121"></a><a name="index-preventing-loss-of-data-122"></a><a name="index-_002ftmp-123"></a><a name="index-directory-_002ftmp-124"></a><a name="index-temporary-files-125"></a><code>Pcb</code> saves a backup of the current layout at a user specified interval.
The backup filename is created by appending a dash, "-", to the <span class="file">.pcb</span> filename.
For example, if you are editing the layout in <span class="file">projects/board.pcb</span> then the
backup file name will be <span class="file">projects/board.pcb-</span>. If the layout is new and
has not been saved yet, then the backup file name is <span class="file">PCB.####.backup</span> where the "####"
will be replaced by the process ID of the currenting running copy of <code>Pcb</code>.
This default backup file name may be changed at compilation time via the
<code>BACKUP_NAME</code>
variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>). During critical
sections of the program or when data would be lost it is saved as
<span class="file">PCB.%i.save</span>. This file name may be changed at compile time
with the <code>SAVE_NAME</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Printing"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.8 Printing</h3>
<p><a name="index-printing_002c-an-example-126"></a><a name="index-example-of-printing-127"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> now has support for device drivers,
<code>PostScript</code>, <em>encapsulated PostScript</em>,
and <em>Gerber RS-274X</em> drivers are
available so far. The <em>Gerber RS-274X</em>
driver additionally generates a numerical control (NC) drill file for
automated drilling,
a bill of materials file to assist in materials procurement and
inventory control, and a centroid (X-Y) file which includes the
centroid data needed
by automatic assembly (pick and place) machines.
I recommend the use of <code>GhostScript</code> if you
don't have a <code>PostScript</code> printer for handling the PostScript
output. Printing always generates
a complete set of files for a specified driver.
See the page about
the <em>Print()</em> action for additional information about the filenames.
The control panel offers a number of options. Most of them are not available
for Gerber output because it wouldn't make sense, for example, to scale the gerber output
(you'd get an incorrectly made board!) The options are:
<a name="index-device_002c-selecting-an-output-128"></a>
<a name="index-output-device-129"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">device</span><dd>The top menu button selects from the available device drivers.
<p><a name="index-rotating-printout-130"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">rotate</span><dd>Rotate layout 90 degrees counter-clockwise before printing (default).
<p><a name="index-mirroring-printout-131"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">mirror</span><dd>Mirror layout before printing. Use this option depending
on your production line.
<p><a name="index-color-printout-132"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">color</span><dd>Created colored output. All colors will be converted to black if this option
is inactive.
<p><a name="index-outline-printout-133"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">outline</span><dd>Add a board outline to the output file. The size is determined by the
maximum board size changeable from the <em>sizes</em> menu. The outline appears
on the top and bottom sides of the board, but not on the internal layers.
An outline can be useful for determining where to shear the board from the
panel, but be aware that it creates a copper line. Thus it has the potential
to cause short circuits if you don't leave enough room from your wiring
to the board edge. Use a viewer to see what the output outline looks like
if you want to know what it looks like.
<p><a name="index-alignment-targets-134"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">alignment</span><dd>Additional alignment targets are added to the output. The distances between
the board outline is set by the resource <em>alignmentDistance</em>. Alignment
targets should only be used if you know for certain that YOU WILL BE USING
THEM YOURSELF. It is extremely unlikely that you will want to have alignment
targets if you send gerber files to a commercial pcb manufacture to be made.
<p><a name="index-scaling-a-printout-135"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">scaling</span><dd>It's quite useful to enlarge your printout for checking the layout.
Use the scrollbar to adjust the scaling factor to your needs.
<p><a name="index-print-media-136"></a><a name="index-media_002c-size-of-137"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">media</span><dd>Select the size of the output media from this menu. The user defined size
may be set by the resource <em>media</em> either from one of the well known
paper sizes or by a <code>X11</code> geometry specification.
This entry is only available if you use <code>X11R5</code> or later.
For earlier releases the user defined size or, if not available, <em>A4</em>
is used.
Well known size are:
<pre class="display"> A3
A4
A5
letter
tabloid
ledger
legal
executive
</pre>
<p><a name="index-offset-of-printout-138"></a><a name="index-print-offset-139"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">offset</span><dd>Adjust the offsets of the printout by using the panner at the right side
of the dialog box.
This entry is only available if you use <code>X11R5</code> or later. A zero
offset is used for earlier releases.
<p><a name="index-DOS-filenames-140"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">8.3 filenames</span><dd>Select this button to generate DOS compatible filenames for the output files.
The <em>command</em> input area will disappear if selected.
<p><a name="index-print-command-141"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">commandline</span><dd>Use this line to enter a command (starts with <kbd>|</kbd>) or a filename.
A %f is replaced by the current filename.
The default is set by the resource <em>printCommand</em>.
</dl>
<p>The created file includes some labels which are guaranteed to stay unchanged
<dl>
<dt><span class="samp">PCBMIN</span><dd>identifies the lowest x and y coordinates in mil.
<br><dt><span class="samp">PCBMAX</span><dd>identifies the highest x and y coordinates in mil.
<br><dt><span class="samp">PCBOFFSET</span><dd>is set to the x and y offset in mil.
<br><dt><span class="samp">PCBSCALE</span><dd>is a floating point value which identifies the scaling factor.
<br><dt><span class="samp">PCBSTARTDATA</span><dt><span class="samp">PCBENDDATA</span><dd>all layout data is included between these two marks. You may use them with an
<code>awk</code> script to produce several printouts on one piece of paper by
duplicating the code and putting some <code>translate</code> commands in front.
Note, the normal <code>PostScript</code> units are 1/72 inch.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Connection-Lists"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.9 Connection Lists</h3>
<p><a name="index-example-of-connection-lists-142"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-creating-list-of-143"></a>
After completing parts of your layout you may want to check if all drawn
connections match the ones you have in mind. This is probably best done
in conjunction with a net-list file: see <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>.
The following examples give more rudimentary ways to examine
the connections.
<pre class="example"> 1) create at least two elements and name them
2) create some connections between their pins
3) optionally add some vias and connections to them
</pre>
<p>Now select <em>lookup connection</em> from the <em>Connections</em> menu,
move the cursor to a pin or via and press any mouse button. <code>Pcb</code>
will look for all other pins and/or vias connected to the one you have
selected and display the objects in a different color.
Now try some of the reset options available from the same menu.
<p>There also is a way to scan all connections of one element. Select
<em>a single element</em> from the menu and press any button at the
element's location. All connections of this element will be saved
to the specified file.
Either the layout name of the element or its canonical name is used to
identify pins depending on the one which is displayed on the screen
(may be changed by <em>Display</em> menu).
<p>An automatic scan of all elements is initiated by choosing
<em>all elements</em>. It behaves in a similar fashion to scanning a single
element except the resource <em>resetAfterElement</em>
is used to determine if connections should be reset before a new element is
scanned. Doing so will produce very long lists because the power lines are
rescanned for every element. By default the resource is set to <em>false</em>
for this reason.
<p>To scan for unconnected pins select <em>unused pins</em> from the same
menu.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Arrow-Tool"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printing">Printing</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.10 Arrow Tool</h3>
<p><a name="index-selecting_002c-using-the-arrow-tool-144"></a><a name="index-moving-objects-145"></a><a name="index-arrow-tool-146"></a><a name="index-tool_002c-arrow-147"></a>
Some commands mentioned earlier in this chapter also are able to operate on all
selected and visible objects. The Arrow tool is used to select/deselect
objects and also to move objects or selections. If you click and release
on an object with the Arrow tool, it will unselect everything else and
select the object. Selected objects change color to reflect that
they are selected. If you <em>Shift</em> click, it will add the object to
(or remove) the object from the existing selection. If you drag with
the mouse button down with the Arrow tool, one of several things could
happen: if you first pressed the button on a selected object, you
will be moving the selection to where you release the button. If you
first pressed the button on an unselected object, you will be moving
that object. If you first pressed the button over empty space, you
will be drawing a box to select everything inside the box. The <em>Shift</em>
key works the same way with box selections as it does with single objects.
<p>Moving a single un-selected object is different from moving a selection.
First of all, you can move the end of line, or a point in a polygon this
way which is impossible by moving selections. Secondly, if rubber banding
is turned on, moving a single object will rubber-band the attached lines.
Finally, it is faster to move a single object this way since there is no need
to select it first.
<p>You can select any visible object unless it is locked. If you select an
object, then turn off its visibility with the Layer controls, it won't
be moved if you move the remaining visible selection.
<p>If you have not configured to use strokes in the <code>Pcb</code> user interface, then
the middle mouse button is automatically bound to the arrow tool, regardless
of the active tool (which is bound to the first mouse button). So using
the middle button any time is just like using the first mouse button
with the Arrow tool active.
<p>The entries of the <em>Selection</em> menu are hopefully self-explanatory.
Many of the <em>Action Commands</em> can take various key words that make
them function on all or some of the selected items.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Rats-Nest"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.11 Rats Nest</h3>
<p><a name="index-rats-nest-148"></a><a name="index-netlist-149"></a><a name="index-rat_002dline-150"></a>
If you have a netlist that corresponds to the layout you are working on, you
can use the rats-nest feature to add rat-lines to the layout.
First you will need to load a netlist file (see <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>).
<em><Key>w</em> adds rat-lines on the active layer using the current
line thickness shown in the status line (usually you'll want them to be thin lines).
Only those rat-lines that fill in missing connectivity (since you have
probably routed some connections already) are added.
If the layout is already completely wired, nothing will be added, and you will
get a message that the wiring is complete.
<p>Rat-lines are lines having the special property that they only connect to pins and
pads at their end points. Rat-lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern
to make them easier to identify since they have special behavior and cannot
remain in a completed layout.
Rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
Used in connection with moves and rotates of the elements, they are extremely useful for
deciding where to place elements on the board. The rat-lines will always automatically
rubberband to the elements whether or not the rubberband mode is on. The only way for
you to move them is by moving the parts they connect to.
This is because it is never desirable to have the rat-lines disconnected from
their element pins. Rat-lines will normally criss-cross
all over which gives rise to the name "rats nest" describing a layout connected with
them. If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
<p>A common way to use rats nests is to place some
elements on the board, add the rat-lines, and then use a series of moves/rotates of the
elements until the rats nest appears to have minimum tangling. You may want to iterate this step
several times. Don't worry if the layout looks messy - as long as you can get a sense for whether
the criss-crossing is better or worse as you move things, you're fine.
After moving some elements around, you may want to optimize the rats nest <em><Key>o</em>
so that the lines are drawn between the closest points (this can change once you've moved components).
Adding rat-lines only to selected pads/pins (<em>Shift<Key>w</em>)
is often useful to layout a circuit a little bit at a time.
Sometimes you'll want to delete all the rat-lines (<em><Key>e</em>) or
selected rat-lines (<em>Shift<Key>e</em>) in order to reduce confusion.
With a little practice you'll be able to achieve a near optimal component placement with
the use of a rats nest.
<p>Rat-lines are not only used for assisting your element placement, they can also help
you to route traces on the board.
Use the <em><Key>m</em> to convert a rat-line under the cursor into
a normal line on the active layer.
Inserting a point into a rat-line will also cause the two new lines to be normal lines
on the board.
Another way that you can use rat-lines is to
use the <em><Key>f</em> with the cursor over a pad or pin. All of the pins and
pads and rat-lines belonging to that net will be highlighted. This is a helpful way to
distinguish one net from the rest of the rats nest. You can then route those tracks,
turn off the highlighting (<em>Shift<Key>f</em>) and repeat the process. This will work even
if the layer that the rat-lines reside on is made invisible - so only the pins and pads
are highlighted.
Be sure to erase the rat-lines (<em><Key>e</em> erases them all) once you've
duplicated their connectivity by adding your own lines.
When in doubt, the <em><Key>o</em> will delete only those
rat-lines that are no longer needed.
<p>If connections exist on the board that are not listed in the netlist when
<em><Key>w</em> is pressed, warning messages are issued and the affected pins and
pads are drawn in a special <em>warnColor</em> until the next <em>Notify()</em> event.
If the entire layout agrees completely with the netlist, a message informs you that
the layout is complete and no rat-lines will be added (since none are needed).
If the layout is complete, but still has rat-lines then you will be warned
that rat-lines remain. If you get no message at all it's probably because some
elements listed in the net list can't be found and where reported in an earlier
message.
There shouldn't be any rat-lines left in a completed layout, only normal lines.
<p>The <em>Shift<Key>w</em> is used to add rat-lines to only those missing connections among
the selected pins and pads. This can be used to add rat-lines in an incremental
manner, or to force a rat-line to route between two points that are not the
closest points within the net. Often it is best to add the rats nest in an incremental fashion, laying
out a sub-section of the board before going further. This is easy to accomplish since
new rat-lines are never added where routed connectivity already makes the necessary
connections.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Design-Rule-Checking"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.12 Design Rule Checking</h3>
<p><a name="index-design-rule-checking-151"></a><a name="index-drc-152"></a><a name="index-spacing_002c-minimum-153"></a><a name="index-overlap_002c-minimum-154"></a>
After you've finished laying out a board, you may want to check
to be certain that none of your interconnections are too closely
spaced or too tenuously touching to be reliably fabricated. The design
rule checking (DRC) function does this for you. Use the command ":DRC()" (without
the quotes of course) to invoke the checker. If there are no problem areas,
you'll get a message to that effect. If any problem is encountered, you will get
a message about it and the affected traces will be highlighted. One part of the
tracks of concern will be selected, while the other parts of concern will have the
"FindConnection" highlighting. The screen will automatically be centered in the
middle of the object having the "FindConnection" (Green) highlighting. The middle of
the object is also the coordinates reported to be "near" the problem. The actual trouble
region will be somewhere on the boundary of this object. If the two parts are
from different nets then there is some place where they approach each
other closer than the minimum rule. If the parts are from the same net, then
there is place where they are only barely connected. Find that place and connect
them better.
<p>After a DRC error is found and corrected you must run the DRC again because
the search for errors is halted as soon as the first problem is found. Unless you've
been extremely careless there should be no more than a few design rule errors
in your layout. The DRC checker does not check for minimum spacing rules to
copper text, so always be very careful when adding copper text to a layout.
The rules for the DRC are specified in the application resource file. The minimum
spacing value (in mils) is given by the <em>Settings.Bloat</em> value. The default
is 7 mils. The minimum touching overlap (in mils) is given by the
<em>Settings.Shrink</em> value. This value defaults to 5 mils. Check with your
fabrication process people to determine the values that are right for you.
<p>If you want to turn off the highlighting produced by the DRC, perform an
undo (assuming no other changes have been made). To restore the highlighting,
use redo. The redo will restore the highlighting quickly without re-running
the DRC checker.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Trace-Optimizer"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.13 Trace Optimizer</h3>
<p><a name="index-trace-optimizer-155"></a><a name="index-optimizer-156"></a>
PCB includes a flexible trace optimizer. The trace optimizer can be run
after auto routing or hand routing to clean up the traces.
<dl>
<dt><b>Auto-Optimize</b><dd>Performs debumpify, unjaggy, orthopull, vianudge, and viatrim, in that
order, repeating until no further optimizations are performed.
<br><dt><b>Debumpify</b><dd>Looks for U shaped traces that can be shortened or eliminated.
<br><dt><b>Unjaggy</b><dd>Looks for corners which could be flipped to eliminate one or more
corners (i.e. jaggy lines become simpler).
<br><dt><b>Vianudge</b><dd>Looks for vias where all traces leave in the same direction. Tries to
move via in that direction to eliminate one of the traces (and thus a
corner).
<br><dt><b>Viatrim</b><dd>Looks for traces that go from via to via, where moving that trace to a
different layer eliminates one or both vias.
<br><dt><b>Orthopull</b><dd>Looks for chains of traces all going in one direction, with more traces
orthogonal on one side than on the other. Moves the chain in that
direction, causing a net reduction in trace length, possibly eliminating
traces and/or corners.
<br><dt><b>SimpleOpts</b><dd>Removing unneeded vias, replacing two or more trace segments in a row
with a single segment. This is usually performed automatically after
other optimizations.
<br><dt><b>Miter</b><dd>Replaces 90 degree corners with a pair of 45 degree corners, to reduce
RF losses and trace length.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Searching-for-elements"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.14 Searching for elements</h3>
<p><a name="index-Searching-for-elements-157"></a><a name="index-Searching-for-elements-158"></a>
To locate text or a specific element or grouping of similar elements
choose <span class="samp">Select by name</span> from the <b>Select</b> menu, then choose the
appropriate subsection. At the bottom of the screen the prompt
<em>pattern:</em> appears. Enter the text or <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>
of the text to be found. Found text will be highlighted.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Measuring-distances"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.15 Measuring distances</h3>
<p><a name="index-Measuring-distances-159"></a><a name="index-Measuring-distances-160"></a>
To measure distances, for example the pin-to-pin pitch of a part to
validate a footprint, place the cursor at the starting
measurement point, then press <em>!Ctrl<Key>m</em>. This marks the
current location with a <em>X</em>. The <em>X</em> mark is now the zero point
origin for the relative cursor position display. The cursor display
shows both absolute position and position relative to the mark as
the mouse is moved away from the mark. If a mark is already present,
the mark is removed and the cursor display stops displaying relative
cursor coordinates.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Vendor-drill-mapping"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">3.16 Vendor Drill Mapping</h3>
<p><a name="index-Vendor-rules-161"></a><a name="index-Vendor-mapping-162"></a><a name="index-Drill-table-163"></a><a name="index-Vendor-drill-table-164"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> includes support for mapping drill holes to a specified set
of sizes used by a particular vendor. Many PCB manufacturers have a
prefered set of drill sizes and charge extra when others are used.
The mapping can be performed on an existing design and can also be
enabled to automatically map drill holes as vias and elements are
instantiated.
<p>The first step in using the vendor drill mapping feature is to create
a resource file describing the capabilities of your vendor. The file
format is the resource file format described in <a href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>.
A complete example is given below.
<pre class="example"> # Optional name of the vendor
vendor = "Vendor Name"
# units for dimensions in this file.
# Allowed values: mil/inch/mm
units = mil
# drill table
drillmap = {
# When mapping drill sizes, select the nearest size
# or always round up. Allowed values: up/nearest
round = up
# The list of vendor drill sizes. Units are as specified
# above.
20
28
35
38
42
52
59.5
86
125
152
# optional section for skipping mapping of certain elements
# based on reference designator, value, or description
# this is useful for critical parts where you may not
# want to change the drill size. Note that the strings
# are regular expressions.
skips = {
{refdes "^J3$"} # Skip J3.
{refdes "J3"} # Skip anything with J3 as part of the refdes.
{refdes "^U[1-3]$" "^X.*"} # Skip U1, U2, U3, and anything starting with X.
{value "^JOHNSTECH_.*"} # Skip all Johnstech footprints based on the value of a part.
{descr "^AMP_MICTOR_767054_1$"} # Skip based on the description.
}
}
# If specified, this section will change the current DRC
# settings for the design. Units are as specified above.
drc = {
copper_space = 7
copper_width = 7
silk_width = 10
copper_overlap = 4
}
</pre>
<p>The vendor resource is loaded using the <em>LoadVendor</em> action.
This is invoked by entering:
<pre class="example"> :LoadVendor(vendorfile)
</pre>
<p>from within <code>Pcb</code>. Substitute the file name of your vendor
resource file for <span class="samp">vendorfile</span>. This action will load the vendor
resource and modify all the drill holes in the design as well as the
default via hole size for the various routing styles.
<p>Once a vendor drill map has been loaded, new vias and elements will
automatically have their drill hole sizes mapped to the vendor drill
table. Automatic drill mapping may be disabled under the “Settings”
menu. To re-apply an already loaded vendor drill table to a design,
choose “Apply vendor drill mapping” from the “Connects” menu.
<p>See <a href="#Actions">Actions</a> for a complete description of the actions associated
with vendor drill mapping.
<p>Note that the expressions used in the <code>skips</code> section are regular
expressions. See <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a> for an introduction to
regular expressions.
<!-- Autorouter Chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Autorouter"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">4 Autorouter</h2>
<p><a name="index-autorouter-165"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> includes an autorouter which can greatly speed up the
layout of a circuit board. The autorouter is a rectangle-expansion
type of autorouter based on
“A Method for Gridless Routing of Printed Circuit Boards” by
A. C. Finch, K. J. Mackenzie, G. J. Balsdon, and G. Symonds in the
1985 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.
This reference is available from the ACM Digital Library at
<a href="http://www.acm.org/dl">http://www.acm.org/dl</a> for those with institutional or personal
access to it. It's also available from your local engineering
library. The reference paper is not needed for using the autorouter.
<p>Before using the autorouter, all elements need to be loaded into the
layout and placed and the connectivity netlist must be loaded. Once
the elements have been placed and the netlist loaded, the following
steps will autoroute your design.
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Turn off visibility of any layers that you don't want the router
to use.
<li>Turn of via visibility if you don't want the router to use any
new vias.
<li>Use only plain rectangles for power/ground planes that you want
the router to use [use the rectangle tool!]
<li>Make at least one connection from any plane you want the router to
use to the net you want it to connect to.
<li>Draw continuous lines (on all routing layers) to outline keep-out
zones if desired.
<li>Use routing styles in the netlist to have per-net routing styles.
Note that the routing style will be used for an entire net. This means
if you have a wide metal setting for a power net you will need to manually
route breakouts from any fine pitch parts on their power pins because
the router will not be able to change to a narrow trace to connect
to the part.
<li>Set the current routing style to whatever you'd like the router to
use for any nets not having a defined route style in the netlist.
<li>Disable any nets that you don't want the autorouter to route
(double-click them in the netlist window to add/remove the *)
<p>NOTE: If you will be manually routing these later not using
planes, it is usually better to let the autorouter route them then rip
them up yourself afterwards. If you plan to use a ground/power plane
manually, consider making it from one or more pure rectangles and
letting the autorouter have a go at it.
<li>Create a fresh rat's nest. ('E' the 'W')
<li>Select “show autorouter trials” in the settings menu if you want
to watch what's happening
<li>Choose “autoroute all rats” in the connection menu.
<li>If you really want to muck with the router because you have a
special design, e.g. all through-hole components you can mess with
layer directional costs by editing the autoroute.c source file and
changing the directional costs in lines 929-940. and try again. Even
more mucking about with costs is possible in lines 4540-4569, but it's
probably not such a good idea unless you really just want to
experiment.
</ol>
<p>After the design has been autorouted, you may want to run the trace
optimizer. See section <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a> for more information on
the trace optimizer.
<!-- User Commands chapter - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="User-Commands"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">5 User Commands</h2>
<p><a name="index-user-commands-166"></a><a name="index-entering-user-commands-167"></a>The entering of user-commands is initiated by the action routine
<em>Command()</em> (the <code>(":")</code> character) and finished by either
<em><Key>Return</em>
or <em><Key>Escape</em> to confirm or to abort. These two key-bindings
cannot be changed from the resource file.
The triggering event, normally a key press, is ignored.
The input area will replace the bottom statusline. It pops
up when <em>Command()</em> is called. The arguments of the user-commands
are passed to the external commands without modification.
See also, the resource <em>saveInTMP</em>.
<p>There are simple <em>usage</em> dialogs for each command and one for the
complete set of commands.
<a name="index-_003al-168"></a>
<a name="index-loading-layouts-169"></a>
<a name="index-layout_002c-loading-a-170"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">l [filename]</span><dd>Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any existing unsaved data.
The filename and the searchpath (<em>filePath</em>) are passed to the
command defined by <em>fileCommand</em>.
If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
<p><a name="index-_003ale-171"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-to-buffer-172"></a><a name="index-element_002c-loading-to-buffer-173"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">le [filename]</span><dd>Loads an element description into the paste buffer.
The filename and the searchpath (<em>elementPath</em>) are passed to the
command defined by <em>elementCommand</em>.
If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
<p><a name="index-_003am-174"></a><a name="index-loading-a-layout-to-buffer-175"></a><a name="index-merging-layouts-176"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-loading-to-buffer-177"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-merging-a-178"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">m [filename]</span><dd>Loads an layout file into the paste buffer.
The filename and the searchpath (<em>filePath</em>) are passed to the
command defined by <em>fileCommand</em>.
If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
<p><a name="index-_003aq-179"></a><a name="index-exit-180"></a><a name="index-quit-181"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">q[!]</span><dd>Quits the program without saving any data (after confirmation).
q! doesn't ask for confirmation, it just quits.
<p><a name="index-_003as-182"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-183"></a><a name="index-layout-files_002c-saving-of-184"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">s [filename]</span><dd>Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the resource
<em>saveCommand</em>. It must read the layout data from <em>stdin</em>.
If no filename is entered, either the last one is used
again or, if it is not available, a file select box will pop up.
<p><a name="index-_003arn-185"></a><a name="index-rat_0027s-nest-186"></a><a name="index-layout_002dname-187"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">rn [filename]</span><dd>Reads in a netlist file. If no filename is given
a file select box will pop up.
The file is read via the command defined by the
<em>RatCommand</em> resource. The command must send its output to <em>stdout</em>.
<p>Netlists are used for generating rat's nests (see <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>) and for
verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the <em>Ratsnest</em>
command).
<p><a name="index-_003aw_005bq_005d-188"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-189"></a><a name="index-layout-files_002c-saving-of-190"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">w[q] [filename]</span><dd>These commands have been added for the convenience of <code>vi</code> users and
have the same functionality as <em>s</em> combined with <em>q</em>.
<p><a name="index-_003aactionCommand_0028_0029-191"></a><a name="index-action-command-192"></a><a name="index-Actions_002c-initiating-193"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">actionCommand</span><dd>Causes the actionCommand to be executed. This allows you to initiate actions
for which no bindings exist in the resource file. It can be used to initiate any
action with whatever arguments you enter. This makes it possible to do things
that otherwise would be extremely tedious. For example, to change the drilling
hole diameter of all vias in the layout to 32 mils, you could select everything using the
selection menu, then type "<em>:ChangeDrillSize(SelectedVias, 32)</em>". (This will
only work provided the via's diameter is sufficiently large to accommodate a 32 mil hole).
Another example might be to set the grid to 1 mil by typing "<em>:SetValue(Grid, 1)</em>".
Note that some actions use the current cursor location, so be sure to place the cursor
where you want before entering the command. This is one of my favorite new
features in 1.5 and can be a powerful tool. Study the <a href="#Actions">Actions</a> section to
see what actions are available.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 4 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Command_002dLine-Options"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">6 Command-Line Options</h2>
<p><a name="index-starting-_0040code_007bPcb_007d-194"></a><a name="index-command_002dline-options-195"></a>
There are several resources which may be set or reset in addition to the
standard toolkit command-line options. For a complete list refer to
<a href="#Resources">Resources</a>.
<p>The synopsis is:
<p><code>pcb [-option ...] [-toolkit_option ...] [layout-file]</code>
<p>or
<p><code>pcb -specialoption</code>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Options">Options</a>: <code>Pcb</code> command-line options.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a>: Version and copyright information.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Options"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Options</h3>
<a name="index-allDirectionLines-196"></a>
<a name="index-line-clipping-197"></a>
<a name="index-clipping-of-lines-198"></a>
<a name="index-_002dalldirections-199"></a>
<a name="index-_002balldirections-200"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">-alldirections/+alldirections</span><dd>Disables or enables line clipping to 45 degree angles. Overwrites the
resource <em>allDirectionLines</em>.
<p><a name="index-backgroundImage-201"></a><a name="index-background-202"></a><a name="index-_002dbackground-203"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-background file</span><dd>Selects a PPM file to be displayed as the board background (for tracing).
See backgroundImage in <a href="#Resources">Resources</a> for details.
<p><a name="index-backupInterval-204"></a><a name="index-backup-205"></a><a name="index-_002dbackup-206"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-backup value</span><dd>Time between two backups in seconds. Passing zero disables the backup feature.
Overwrites the resource <em>backupInterval</em>.
<p><a name="index-charactersPerLine-207"></a><a name="index-characters-per-line-208"></a><a name="index-length-of-outputline-209"></a><a name="index-outputline_002c-length-of-210"></a><a name="index-_002dc-211"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-c value</span><dd>Number of characters per output line. The resource <em>charactersPerLine</em> is
overwritten.
<p><a name="index-fontFile-212"></a><a name="index-default-font-213"></a><a name="index-_002dfontfile-214"></a><a name="index-default-font-215"></a><a name="index-symbols-216"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-fontfile filename</span><dd>The default set of symbols (font) for a new layout is read from this file.
All directories as defined by the resource <em>fontPath</em> are scanned
for the file. The scan is only performed if the filename doesn't contain
a directory component. The <em>fontFile</em> resource is changed.
<p><a name="index-elementCommand-217"></a><a name="index-_002dlelement-218"></a><a name="index-element_002c-command-219"></a><a name="index-element_002c-files-220"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-221"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-element-data-222"></a><a name="index-unix-command-223"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-lelement command-line</span><dd>Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from a file to the
paste buffer. The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
standard output. The related resource is <em>elementCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-fileCommand-224"></a><a name="index-_002dlfile-225"></a><a name="index-file-load-command-226"></a><a name="index-layout-files-227"></a><a name="index-loading-layouts-228"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-layout-data-229"></a><a name="index-unix-command-230"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-lfile command-line</span><dd>Sets the command to be executed when a new layout is loaded from a file.
The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
standard output. The related resource is <em>fileCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontCommand-231"></a><a name="index-font-command-232"></a><a name="index-font-files-233"></a><a name="index-loading-fonts-234"></a><a name="index-loading-symbols-235"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-font-data-236"></a><a name="index-unix-command-237"></a><a name="index-_002dlfont-238"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-lfont command-line</span><dd>Sets the command to be executed when a font is loaded from a file.
The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
and the searchpath to the command. It must write the data to its
standard output. The related resource is <em>fontCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerGroups-239"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-groups-240"></a><a name="index-groups-241"></a><a name="index-_002dlg-242"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-lg layergroups</span><dd>This option overwrites the resource <em>layerGroups</em>. See its description
for more information. The value is used for new layouts only.
<p><a name="index-libraryFilename-243"></a><a name="index-_002dlibname-244"></a><a name="index-library-name-245"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-libname filename</span><dd>The default filename for the library. Overwrites the resource
<em>libraryFilename</em>.
<p><a name="index-libraryPath-246"></a><a name="index-_002dlibpath-247"></a><a name="index-library-search-path-248"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-libpath path</span><dd>The default search path for the the library. Overwrites the resource
<em>libraryPath</em>.
<p><a name="index-libraryCommand-249"></a><a name="index-library-command-250"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-251"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-element-data-252"></a><a name="index-unix-command-253"></a><a name="index-_002dllib-254"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-llib command-line</span><dd>Sets the command to be executed when an element is loaded from the library.
The command may contain %f and %p to pass the requested filename
and the searchpath to the command. %a is replaces by the three arguments
<em>template</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>package</em>. The command must write
the data to its standard output. The related resource is <em>libraryCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-libraryContentsCommand-255"></a><a name="index-library-contents-command-256"></a><a name="index-listing-libraries-257"></a><a name="index-unix-command-258"></a><a name="index-_002dllibcont-259"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-llibcont command-line</span><dd>The command lists the contents of the library.
The command may contain %f and %p to pass the library filename
and the searchpath to the command. Also refer to <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a>
and <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>.
The related resource is <em>libraryContentsCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-log-window-260"></a><a name="index-messages-261"></a><a name="index-_002dloggeometry-262"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-loggeometry geometry</span><dd>Determines the geometry of the log window.
<p><a name="index-pinoutNameLength-263"></a><a name="index-_002dpnl-264"></a><a name="index-namelength-of-pins-265"></a><a name="index-pin_002c-name-of-266"></a><a name="index-length-of-a-pin-name-267"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-pnl value</span><dd>Restricts the displayed length of the name of a pin in the pinout window to
the passed value. See also, the resource <em>pinoutNameLength</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutZoom-268"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-269"></a><a name="index-zoom-of-pinout-window-270"></a><a name="index-_002dpz-271"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-pz value</span><dd>Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula:
scale = 1:(2 power value). The related resource is <em>pinoutZoom</em>.
<p><a name="index-resetAfterElement-272"></a><a name="index-_002dreset-273"></a><a name="index-_002breset-274"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-275"></a><a name="index-reseting-found-connections-276"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-reset/+reset</span><dd>If enabled, all connections are reset after each element is scanned.
This feature is only used while scanning connections to all elements.
See also, <em>resetAfterElement</em>.
<p><a name="index-ringBellWhenFinished-277"></a><a name="index-_002dring-278"></a><a name="index-_002bring-279"></a><a name="index-keyboard-bell-280"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-ring/+ring</span><dd>Overrides the resource <em>ringBellWhenFinished</em>. If enabled, the bell
sounds when connection searching has finished.
<p><a name="index-routeStyle-281"></a><a name="index-_002drs-282"></a><a name="index-routing-style-283"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-rs string</span><dd>Overrides the resource <em>routeStyle</em>. The string defines a colon
separated list of route styles. The route styles consist of a
comma separated list of name, line thickness, via diameter, and via drill size.
e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
<p><a name="index-saveLastCommand-284"></a><a name="index-saving-last-entered-user-command-285"></a><a name="index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-286"></a><a name="index-_002ds-287"></a><a name="index-_002bs-288"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-s/+s</span><dd>Enables/Disables the saving of the previous commandline. Overrides the
<em>saveLastCommand</em> resource.
<p><a name="index-saveInTMP-289"></a><a name="index-_002dsave-290"></a><a name="index-_002bsave-291"></a><a name="index-backup-292"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-293"></a><a name="index-preventing-loss-of-data-294"></a><a name="index-temporary-files-295"></a><a name="index-_002ftmp-296"></a><a name="index-directory-_002ftmp-297"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-save/+save</span><dd>See the resource description of <em>saveInTMP</em> for details.
<p><a name="index-saveCommand-298"></a><a name="index-file-save-command-299"></a><a name="index-layout-files-300"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-301"></a><a name="index-postprocessing-layout-data-302"></a><a name="index-unix-command-303"></a><a name="index-_002dsfile-304"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-sfile command-line</span><dd>Sets the command to be executed when an layout file is saved.
The command may contain %f which is replaced by the filename. The command
must read its data from the standard input.
The resource <em>saveCommand</em> is overwritten.
<p><a name="index-scriptFilename-305"></a><a name="index-_002dscript-306"></a><a name="index-startup-actions-script-307"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-script filename</span><dd>Specifies a script file containing PCB actions to be executed
upon startup. Overwrites the resource
<em>scriptFilename</em>.
<p><a name="index-size-308"></a><a name="index-size-of-a-layout-309"></a><a name="index-layout-size-310"></a><a name="index-_002dsize-311"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-size <width>x<height></span><dd>Overrides the resource <em>size</em> which determines the maximum size
of a layout.
<p><a name="index-volume-312"></a><a name="index-speaker-volume-313"></a><a name="index-volume-of-speaker-314"></a><a name="index-_002dv-315"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-v value</span><dd>Sets the volume of the X speaker. The value is passed to <code>XBell()</code> and
must be in the range -100..100.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Special-Options"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Options">Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">6.2 Special Options</h3>
<p>There are some special options available in addition to normal command line
options. Each of these must be the only option specified on a command line.
The available special options are:
<a name="index-_002dcopyright-316"></a>
<a name="index-_002d_002dcopyright-317"></a>
<a name="index-copyright-318"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">-copyright</span><dd>Prints out the copyright notice and terminates.
<p><a name="index-_002dversion-319"></a><a name="index-release_002c-current-320"></a><a name="index-version_002c-current-321"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-version</span><dd>Prints out the version ID and terminates.
<p><a name="index-_002dhelp-322"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">-help</span><dd>Prints out the usage message and terminates.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 5 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="X11-Interface"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">7 X11 Interface</h2>
<p><a name="index-X11-323"></a>
This chapter gives an overview about the additional <code>X11</code> resources which
are defined by <code>Pcb</code> as well as the defined action routines.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Resources">Resources</a>: Non-standard <code>X11</code> application resources.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Actions">Actions</a>: A list of available action routines.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Translations">Translations</a>: A list of the default key translations (as shipped).
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Resources"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Actions">Actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.1 Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</h3>
<p><a name="index-resources-324"></a><a name="index-X11-resources-325"></a>
In addition to the toolkit resources, <code>Pcb</code> defines the
following resources:
<a name="index-absoluteGrid-326"></a>
<a name="index-grid-327"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">absoluteGrid (boolean)</span><dd>Selects if either the grid is relative to the position where it has changed
last or absolute, the default, to the origin (0,0).
<p><a name="index-alignmentDistance-328"></a><a name="index-alignment-329"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">alignmentDistance (dimension)</span><dd>Specifies the distance between the boards outline to the alignment targets.
<p><a name="index-allDirectionLines-330"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-331"></a><a name="index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-332"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">allDirectionLines (boolean)</span><dd>Enables (default) or disables clipping of new lines to 45 degree angles.
<p><a name="index-backgroundImage-333"></a><a name="index-background-334"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">backgroundImage (string)</span><dd>If specified, this image will be drawn as the background for the
board. The purpose of this option is to allow you to use a scan of an
existing layout as a prototype for your new layout. To do this, there
are some limitations as to what this image must be. The image must be
a PPM binary image (magic number <span class="samp">P6</span>). It must have a maximum
pixel value of 255 or less (i.e. no 16-bit images). It must represent
the entire board, as it will be scaled to fit the board dimensions
exactly. Note that it may be scaled unevenly if the image doesn't
have the same aspect ratio of your board. You must ensure that the
image does not use more colors than are available on your system
(mostly this is for pseudo-color displays, like old 8-bit displays).
For best results, I suggest the following procedure using The Gimp:
Load your image (any type). Image->Scale if needed.
Image->Colors->Curves and for each of Red, Green, and Blue channel
move the lower left point up to about the 3/4 line (value 192). This
will make your image pale so it doesn't interfere with the traces
you'll be adding. Image->Mode->Indexed and select, say, 32 colors
with Normal F-S dithering. File->Save As, file type by extension,
use <span class="file">.ppm</span> as the extension. Select Raw formatting.
<p><a name="index-backupInterval-335"></a><a name="index-backup-336"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">backupInterval (int)</span><dd><code>Pcb</code> has an automatic backup feature which saves the current data
every n seconds. The default is <em>300</em> seconds. A value of zero disables
the feature. The backup file is named <span class="file">/tmp/PCB.%i.backup</span> by
default (this may have been changed at compilation time via the
<code>BACKUP_NAME</code>
variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>).
<em>%i</em> is replaced by the process ID.
See also, the command-line option <em>-backup</em>.
<p><a name="index-bloat-337"></a><a name="index-bloat-338"></a><a name="index-drc-339"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Bloat (dimension)</span><dd>Specifies the minimum spacing design rule in mils.
<p><a name="index-charactersPerLine-340"></a><a name="index-characters-per-line-341"></a><a name="index-linelength-342"></a><a name="index-list-of-connections-343"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">charactersPerLine (int)</span><dd><code>Pcb</code> uses this value to determine the page width when creating lists.
N, the number of characters per line, defaults to <em>80</em>.
See also, the command-line option <em>-c</em>.
<p><a name="index-connectedColor-344"></a><a name="index-colors-345"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-colors-346"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">connectedColor (color)</span><dd>All pins, vias, lines and rectangles which are selected during a connection
search are drawn with this color. The default value is determined by
<em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-cross-hairColor-347"></a><a name="index-colors-348"></a><a name="index-cursor-color-349"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">cross hairColor (color)</span><dd>This color is used to draw the cross hair cursor. The color is a result of
a <em>XOR</em> operation with the contents of the Layout area. The result
also depends on the default colormap of the <code>X11</code> server because only
the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <code>Pcb</code> doesn't
create its own colormap. The default setting is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementColor-350"></a><a name="index-elementSelectedColor-351"></a><a name="index-colors-352"></a><a name="index-element_002c-color-353"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">elementColor (color)</span><dt><span class="samp">elementSelectedColor (color)</span><dd>The elements package part is drawn in these colors, for normal and selected
mode, respectively, which both default to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementCommand-354"></a><a name="index-element_002c-command-355"></a><a name="index-element_002c-files-356"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-357"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-element-data-358"></a><a name="index-unix-command-359"></a><a name="index-m4-360"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">elementCommand (string)</span><dd><code>Pcb</code> uses a user defined command to read element files. This resources
is used to set the command which is executed by the users default shell.
Two escape sequences are defined to pass the selected filename (%f) and the
current search path (%p). The command must write the element data
to its standard output. The default value is
<pre class="example"> M4PATH="%p";export M4PATH;echo 'include(%f)' | m4
</pre>
<p>Using the GNU version of <code>m4</code> is highly recommended.
See also, the command-line option <em>-lelement</em>.
<p><a name="index-elementPath-361"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-element-files-362"></a><a name="index-path-for-element-files-363"></a><a name="index-element_002c-files-364"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-365"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">elementPath (string)</span><dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
The path is passed to the program specified in <em>elementCommand</em> together
with the selected element name. A specified command will be executed in order
to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
<em>stdout</em> one entry per line.
See also, the user-command <em>le[!]</em>.
<p><a name="index-fileCommand-366"></a><a name="index-file-load-command-367"></a><a name="index-layout-files-368"></a><a name="index-loading-layouts-369"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-layout-data-370"></a><a name="index-unix-command-371"></a><a name="index-cat-372"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">fileCommand (string)</span><dd>The command is executed by the user's default shell whenever existing layout
files are loaded. Data is read from the command's standard output.
Two escape sequences may be specified to pass the selected filename (%f)
and the current search path (%p). The default value is:
<pre class="example"> cat %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>-lfile</em>.
<p><a name="index-filePath-373"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-layout-files-374"></a><a name="index-path-for-layout-files-375"></a><a name="index-layout-files-376"></a><a name="index-loading-layouts-377"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">filePath (string)</span><dd>A colon separated list of directories or commands (starts with '|').
The path is passed to the program specified in <em>fileCommand</em> together
with the selected filename. A specified command will be executed in order
to create entries for the fileselect box. It must write its results to
<em>stdout</em> one entry per line.
See also, the user-command <em>l[!]</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontCommand-378"></a><a name="index-font-command-379"></a><a name="index-font-files-380"></a><a name="index-loading-fonts-381"></a><a name="index-loading-symbols-382"></a><a name="index-preprocessing-font-data-383"></a><a name="index-unix-command-384"></a><a name="index-cat-385"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">fontCommand (string)</span><dd>Loading new symbol sets also is handled by an external command. You again
may pass the selected filename and the current search path by passing
%f and %p in the command string. Data is read from the commands standard
output. This command defaults to
<pre class="example"> cat %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>-lfont</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontFile-386"></a><a name="index-default-font-387"></a><a name="index-symbols-388"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">fontFile (string)</span><dd>The default font for new layouts is read from this file which is searched
in the directories as defined by the resource <em>fontPath</em>.
Searching is only performed if the filename does not contain a directory
component.
The default filename is <span class="file">default_font</span>.
See also, the command-line option <em>-fontfile</em>.
<p><a name="index-fontPath-389"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-font-files-390"></a><a name="index-path-for-font-files-391"></a><a name="index-font-files-392"></a><a name="index-loading-fonts-393"></a><a name="index-loading-symbols-394"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">fontPath (string)</span><dd>This resource, a colon separated list of directories, defines the searchpath
for font files. See also, the resource <em>fontFile</em>.
<p><a name="index-grid-395"></a><a name="index-grid-396"></a><a name="index-cursor-steps-397"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">grid (int)</span><dd>This resources defines the initial value of one cursor step. It defaults
to <em>100 mil</em> and any changes are saved together with the layout data.
<p><a name="index-gridColor-398"></a><a name="index-colors-399"></a><a name="index-grid-color-400"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">gridColor (color)</span><dd>This color is used to draw the grid. The color is a result of
a <em>INVERT</em> operation with the contents of the Layout area. The result
also depends on the default colormap of the <code>X11</code> server because only
the colormap index is used in the boolean operation and <code>Pcb</code> doesn't
create its own colormap. The default setting is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-invisibleObjectsColor-401"></a><a name="index-colors-402"></a><a name="index-element_002c-color-403"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">elementColor (color)</span><dd>Elements located on the opposite side of the board are drawn in this color.
The default is <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerColor-404"></a><a name="index-layerSelectedColor-405"></a><a name="index-colors-406"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-colors-407"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">layerColor1..MAX_LAYER (color)</span><dt><span class="samp">layerSelectedColor1..MAX_LAYER (color)</span><dd>These resources define the drawing colors of the different layers in
normal and selected state. All values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerGroups-408"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-groups-409"></a><a name="index-groups-410"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">layerGroups (string)</span><dd>The argument to this resource is a colon separated list of comma separated
layer numbers (1..MAX_LAYER). All layers within one group are switched on/off
together. The default setting is <em>1:2:3:...:MAX_LAYER</em> which means
all layers are handled separately. Grouping layers one to three looks like
<em>1,2,3:4:...:MAX_LAYER</em>
See also, the command-line option <em>-lg</em>.
<p><a name="index-layerName-411"></a><a name="index-layer_002c-name-of-412"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">layerName1..MAX_LAYER (string)</span><dd>The default name of the layers in a new layout are determined by these
resources. The defaults are empty strings.
<p><a name="index-libraryCommand-413"></a><a name="index-library-command-414"></a><a name="index-loading-elements-415"></a><a name="index-unix-command-416"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">libraryCommand (string)</span><dd><code>Pcb</code> uses a command to read element data from libraries.
The resources is used to set the command which is executed by the users
default shell. Three escape sequences are defined to pass the selected
filename (%f), the current search path (%p) as well (%a) as the three
parameters <em>template</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>package</em> to the command.
It must write the element data to its standard output. The default value is
<pre class="example"> NONE/share/pcb/oldlib/QueryLibrary.sh %p %f %a
</pre>
<p><a name="index-elementContentsCommand-417"></a><a name="index-library-contents-command-418"></a><a name="index-listing-library-contents-419"></a><a name="index-unix-command-420"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">libraryContentsCommand (string)</span><dd>Similar to <em>libraryCommand</em>, <code>Pcb</code> uses the command specified
by this resource to list the contents of a library.
<pre class="example"> NONE/share/pcb/oldlib/ListLibraryContents.sh %p %f
</pre>
<p>is the default.
<p><a name="index-libraryFilename-421"></a><a name="index-default-library-422"></a><a name="index-library-name-423"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">libraryFilename (string)</span><dd>The resource specifies the name of the library. The default value is
<em>pcblib</em> unless changed at compile time
with the <code>LIBRARYFILENAME</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
<p><a name="index-libraryPath-424"></a><a name="index-searchpath-for-libraries-425"></a><a name="index-path-for-libraries-426"></a><a name="index-library-searchpath-427"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">libraryPath (string)</span><dd>A colon separated list of directories that will be passed to the commands
specified by <em>elementCommand</em> and <em>elementContentsCommand</em>.
<p><a name="index-lineThickness-428"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-size-429"></a><a name="index-size-of-lines-430"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-lines-431"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">lineThickness (dimension)</span><dd>The value, in the range [1..250] (the range may be changed at compile
time with the <code>MIN_LINESIZE</code> and <code>MAX_LINESIZE</code> variables in
<span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>), defines the
initial thickness of new lines. The value is preset to <em>ten mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-media-432"></a><a name="index-media-433"></a><a name="index-media-margin-434"></a><a name="index-print-media-435"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">media (<predefined> | <width>x<height>+-<left_margin>+-<top_margin>)</span><dd>The default (user defined) media of the <code>PostScript</code> device. Predefined
values are <em>a3</em>, <em>a4</em>, <em>a5</em>, <em>letter</em>, <em>tabloit</em>,
<em>ledger</em>, <em>legal</em>, and <em>executive</em>.
The second way is to specify the medias width, height and margins in mil.
The resource defaults to <em>a4</em> size unless changed at compile time
with the <code>DEFAULT_MEDIASIZE</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
<p><a name="index-offLimitColor-436"></a><a name="index-colors-437"></a><a name="index-off-limit-color-438"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">offLimitColor (color)</span><dd>The area outside the current maximum settings for width and height is drawn
with this color. The default value is determined by <em>XtDefaultBackground</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinColor-439"></a><a name="index-pinSelectedColor-440"></a><a name="index-colors-441"></a><a name="index-pin-color-442"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinColor (color)</span><dt><span class="samp">pinSelectedColor(color)</span><dd>This resource defines the drawing color of pins and pads in both states.
The values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutFont0_002e_002e6-443"></a><a name="index-font_002c-used-for-pin-names-444"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-font-to-display-pin-names-445"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinoutFont (string)</span><dd>This fonts are used to display pin names. There is one font for each zoom
value. The values are preset to <em>XtdefaultFont</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutNameLength-446"></a><a name="index-namelength-of-pins-447"></a><a name="index-pin_002c-name-of-448"></a><a name="index-length-of-a-pin-name-449"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinoutNameLength (int)</span><dd>This resource limits the number of characters which are displayed for
pin names in the pinout window. By default the string length is limited
to <em>eight</em> characters per name.
See also, the command-line option <em>-pnl</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutOffsetX-450"></a><a name="index-pinoutOffsetY-451"></a><a name="index-offset-of-pinout-452"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinoutOffsetX (int)</span><dt><span class="samp">pinoutOffsetY (int)</span><dd>These resources determine the offset in <em>mil</em> of the circuit from the
upper left corner of the window when displaying pinout information.
Both default to <em>100 mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutTextOffsetX-453"></a><a name="index-pinoutTextOffsetY-454"></a><a name="index-offset-of-pinnames-455"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinoutTextOffsetX (int)</span><dt><span class="samp">pinoutTextOffsetY (int)</span><dd>The resources determine the distance in mil between the drilling hole of a pin
to the location where its name is displayed in the pinout window.
They default to <em>X:50</em> and <em>Y:0</em>.
<p><a name="index-pinoutZoom-456"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-457"></a><a name="index-zoom-of-pinout-window-458"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">pinoutZoom (int)</span><dd>Sets the zoom factor for the pinout window according to the formula:
scale = 1:(2 power value). Its default value is <em>two</em> which results in
a <em>1:4</em> scale.
See also, the command-line option <em>-pz</em>.
<p><a name="index-printCommand-459"></a><a name="index-printing-460"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">printCommand (string)</span><dd>Default file for printouts. If the name starts with a '|' the output
is piped through the command. A %f is replaced by the current filename.
There is no default file or command.
<p><a name="index-raiseLogWindow-461"></a><a name="index-log-window-462"></a><a name="index-messages-463"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">raiseLogWindow (boolean)</span><dd>The log window will be raised when new messages arrive if this resource
is set <em>true</em>, the default.
<p><a name="index-ratCommand-464"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-465"></a><a name="index-netlist-466"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ratCommand (string)</span><dd>Default command for reading a netlist. A %f is replaced by the netlist
filename. Its default value is "<em>cat %f</em>".
<p><a name="index-ratPath-467"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-468"></a><a name="index-netlist-469"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ratPath (string)</span><dd>Default path to look for netlist files. It's default value is "."
<p><a name="index-resetAfterElement-470"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-471"></a><a name="index-reseting-found-connections-472"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">resetAfterElement (boolean)</span><dd>If set to <em>true</em>, all found connections will be reset before a new
element is scanned. This will produce long lists when scanning the whole
layout for connections. The resource is set to <em>false</em> by default.
The feature is only used while looking up connections of all elements.
See also, the command-line option <em>-reset, +reset</em>.
<p><a name="index-ringBellWhenFinished-473"></a><a name="index-keyboard-bell-474"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ringBellWhenFinished (boolean)</span><dd>Whether to ring the bell (the default) when a possibly lengthy operation
has finished or not.
See also, the command-line option <em>-ring, +ring</em>.
<p><a name="index-routeStyle-475"></a><a name="index-routing-style-476"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">routeStyle (string)</span><dd>Default values for the menu of routing styles (seen in the sizes menu).
The string is a comma separated list of name, line thickness,
via diameter, and via drill size.
e.g. "Fat,50,100,40:Skinny,8,35,20:75Ohm,110,110,20"
See also, the command-line option <em>-rs</em> and <em>Sizes Menu</em>
<p><a name="index-rubberBandMode-477"></a><a name="index-move-478"></a><a name="index-rubberband-479"></a><a name="index-rotate-480"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">rubberBandMode (boolean)</span><dd>Whether rubberband move and rotate (attached lines stretch like
rubberbands) is enabled (the default).
<p><a name="index-saveCommand-481"></a><a name="index-file-save-command-482"></a><a name="index-layout-files-483"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-484"></a><a name="index-postprocessing-layout-data-485"></a><a name="index-unix-command-486"></a><a name="index-cat-487"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">saveCommand (string)</span><dd>This command is used to save data to a layout file. The filename may be
indicated by placing <code>%f</code> in the string. It must read the data from
its standard input. The default command is:
<pre class="example"> cat - > %f
</pre>
<p>See also, the command-line option <em>-sfile</em>.
<p><a name="index-saveInTMP-488"></a><a name="index-backup-489"></a><a name="index-saving-layouts-490"></a><a name="index-preventing-loss-of-data-491"></a><a name="index-temporary-files-492"></a><a name="index-_002ftmp-493"></a><a name="index-directory-_002ftmp-494"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">saveInTMP (boolean)</span><dd>Enabling this resource will save all data which would otherwise be lost
in a temporary file <span class="file">/tmp/PCB.%i.save</span>. The file name may
be changed at compile time
with the <code>EMERGENCY_NAME</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
.
<em>%i</em> is replaced by the process ID.
As an example, loading a new layout when the old one hasn't been saved would
use this resource.
See also, the command-line option <em>-save, +save</em>.
<p><a name="index-saveLastCommand-495"></a><a name="index-saving-last-entered-user-command-496"></a><a name="index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-497"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">saveLastCommand (boolean)</span><dd>Enables the saving of the last entered user command. The option is
<em>disabled</em> by default.
See also, the command-line option <em>-s, +s</em>.
<p><a name="index-shrink-498"></a><a name="index-shrink-499"></a><a name="index-drc-500"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Shrink (dimension)</span><dd>Specifies the minimum overlap (touching) design rule in mils.
<p><a name="index-size-501"></a><a name="index-default-layout-size-502"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-default-size-of-503"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">size (<width>x<height>)</span><dd>Defines the width and height of a new layout. The default is
<em>7000x5000</em> unless changed at compile time
with the <code>DEFAULT_SIZE</code> variable in <span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
<p><a name="index-stipplePolygons-504"></a><a name="index-polygon-505"></a><a name="index-display-506"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">stipllePolygons (boolean)</span><dd>Determines whether to display polygons on the screen with a stippled
pattern. Stippling can create some amount of transparency so that
you can still (to some extent) see layers beneath polygons.
It defaults to False.
<p><a name="index-textScale-507"></a><a name="index-text_002c-default-scaling-508"></a><a name="index-default-text-scaling-509"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">textScale (dimension)</span><dd>The font scaling in percent is defined by this resource. The default is
<em>100</em> percent.
<p><a name="index-useLogWindow-510"></a><a name="index-log-window-511"></a><a name="index-messages-512"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">useLogWindow (boolean)</span><dd>Several subroutines send messages to the user if an error occurs.
This resource determines if they appear inside the log window or as a separate
dialog box. See also, the resource <em>raiseLogWindow</em> and the command line
option <em>-loggeometry</em>.
The default value is <em>true</em>.
<p><a name="index-viaColor-513"></a><a name="index-viaSelectedColor-514"></a><a name="index-colors-515"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-color-516"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">viaColor (color)</span><br><dt><span class="samp">viaSelectedColor (color)</span><dd>This resource defines the drawing color of vias in both states.
The values are preset to <em>XtDefaultForeground</em>.
<p><a name="index-viaThickness-517"></a><a name="index-viaDrillingHole-518"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-size-519"></a><a name="index-size-of-vias-520"></a><a name="index-thickness-of-vias-521"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">viaThickness (dimension)</span><dt><span class="samp">viaDrillingHole (dimension)</span><dd>The initial thickness and drilling hole of new vias. The values must be in the
range [30..400] (the range may be changed at compile
time with the <code>MIN_PINORVIASIZE</code> and <code>MAX_PINEORVIASIZE</code> variables in
<span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>), with at least 20
mil of copper.
The default thickness is <em>40 mil</em> and the default drilling hole is
<em>20 mil</em>.
<p><a name="index-volume-522"></a><a name="index-speaker-volume-523"></a><a name="index-volume-of-speaker-524"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">volume (int)</span><dd>The value is passed to <code>XBell()</code> which sets the volume of the <code>X</code>
speaker.
The value lies in the range -100..100 and it defaults to the maximum volume of
<em>100</em>.
<p><a name="index-warnColor-525"></a><a name="index-colors-526"></a><a name="index-color_002c-warning-527"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">warnColor (color)</span><dd>This resources defines the color to be used for drawing pins and pads when
a warning has been issued about them.
<p><a name="index-zoom-528"></a><a name="index-zoom-of-Layout-area-529"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">zoom (int)</span><dd>The initial value for output scaling is set according to the following
formula: scale = 1:(2 power value). It defaults to <em>three</em> which results
in an output scale of <em>1:8</em>.
</dl>
<p>Refer also to <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Actions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Translations">Translations</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Resources">Resources</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.2 Actions</h3>
<p><a name="index-actions-530"></a><a name="index-translations-531"></a><a name="index-key-translations-532"></a><a name="index-button-translations-533"></a><a name="index-X11-translations-534"></a>
All user accessible commands may be bound to almost any <code>X</code> event. Almost
no default binding for commands is done in the binaries, so it is vital for the
application that at least a system-wide application resource file exists.
This file normally resides in the <span class="file">share/pcb</span> directory and
is called <span class="file">Pcb</span>. The bindings to which the manual refers to are the
ones as defined by the shipped resource file. Besides binding an action to
an X11 event, you can also execute any action command using a ":" command
(see <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>).
<p>Take special care about translations related to the functions keys and the
pointer buttons because most of the window managers use them too.
Change the file according to your hardware/software environment.
You may have to replace all occurances of <em>baseTranslations</em> to
<em>translations</em> if you use a <code>X11R4</code> server.
<p>Passing <em>Object</em> as an argument to an action routine causes the object
at the cursor location to be changed, removed or whatever. If more than
one object is located at the cross hair position the smallest type is used.
If there are two of the same type the newer one is taken.
<em>SelectedObjects</em> will handle all selected and visible objects.
<a name="index-AddRats_0028_0029-535"></a>
<a name="index-rats-nest-536"></a>
<a name="index-netlist-537"></a>
<a name="index-rat_002dline-538"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)</span><dd>Adds rat-lines to the layout using the loaded netlist file (see the <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>.). Rat lines are added on the active layer using the current
line thickness shown in the status line.
Only missing connectivity is added by the
AddRats command so if, for example, the layout is complete nothing will be added.
Rat lines are drawn on the screen with a stippled pattern
to make them easier to identify since they cannot appear in a completed layout.
The rat-lines are added in the minimum length straight-line tree pattern
(always ending on pins or pads) that satisfies the missing connectivity in the circuit.
If a SMD pad is unreachable on the active layer, a warning will be issued
about it and the rat-line to that pad will not be generated.
If connections exist on the board which are not listed in the netlist while
AllRats are being added, warning messages will be issued and the affected pins and
pads will be drawn in a special <em>warnColor</em> until the next <em>Notify()</em> event.
If the entire layout agrees completely with the net-list a message informs you that
the layout is complete and no rat-lines are added (since none are needed).
If <em>SelectedRats</em>
is passed as the argument, only those missing connections that might connect among
the selected pins and pads are drawn.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>w: AddRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>w: AddRats(SelectedRats)
None<Key>o: DeleteRats(AllRats) AddRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>o: DeleteRats(SelectedRats) AddRats(SelectedRats)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-539"></a><a name="index-vendor-map-540"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-541"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ApplyVendor()</span><dd>Applies an already loaded vendor drill map to the design.
<pre class="example"> ApplyVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Atomic_0028_0029-542"></a><a name="index-undo_002c-multi_002daction-resources-543"></a><a name="index-atomic-544"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Atomic(Save|Restore|Block|Close)</span><dd>Controls the undo grouping of sequences of actions. Before the first action
in a group, Atomic(Save) should be issued. After each action that might
be undoable, Atomic(Restore) should be issued. Atomic(Block) concludes
and save the undo grouping if there was anything in the group to undo.
Atomic(Close) concludes and save the undo grouping even if nothing was
actually done. Thus it might produce an "empty" undo. This can be useful
when you want to use undo in a group of actions.
<p><a name="index-Bell_0028_0029-545"></a><a name="index-signal-546"></a><a name="index-bell-547"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Bell([-100..100])</span><dd>Rings the bell of your display. If no value is passed the setting
of the resource <em>volume</em> will be used.
<p><a name="index-ChangeClearSize_0028_0029-548"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-549"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-550"></a><a name="index-clearance_002c-changing-of-objects-551"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeClearSize(Object, value[, unit])</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeClearSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span><dd>The effect of this action depends on if the soldermask display is presently
turned on or off. If soldermask is displayed, then the soldermask
relief size will be changed. If soldermask display is turned off,
then the clearance to polygons will be changed.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
<pre class="example"> !Mod1<Key>k: ChangeClearSize(Object, +2, mil)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>k: ChangeClearSize(Object, -2, mil)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeDrillSize_0028_0029-552"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-553"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-554"></a><a name="index-drilling-hole_002c-changing-of-objects-555"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeDrillSize(Object, value[, unit])</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span><dd>This action routine changes the drilling hole of pins and vias.
If <em>value</em> starts with + or -, then it adds (or subtracts)
<em>value</em> from the current hole diameter, otherwise it sets the
diameter to the value.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Mod1<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, +5, mil)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>s: Change2ndSize(Object, -5, mil)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeFlag_0028_0029-556"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-changing-557"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-changing-558"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-changing-559"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-changing-560"></a><dt><span class="samp">ChangeFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square,0|1)</span><dd>Sets/clears the indicated flag. This adds/removes thermals, adds/removes the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or adds/removes the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :ChangeFlag(SelectedVias,thermal,1)
:ChangeFlag(SelectedPads,square,0)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeHole_0028_0029-561"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-converting-to-mounting-hole-562"></a><a name="index-mounting-holes-563"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeHole(Object|SelectedVias)</span><dd>This action routine converts a via to and from a hole. A hole is
a via that has no copper annulus. The drill size for the via
determines the hole diameter.
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>h: ChangeHole(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeName_0028_0029-564"></a><a name="index-name_002c-change-an-objects-565"></a><a name="index-change-object-name-566"></a><a name="index-object_002c-change-name-of-567"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeName(Object)</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeName(Layer|Layout)</span><dd>Changes the name of the visible object at the cursor location. A text object
doesn't have a name therefore the text string itself is changed.
The element name currently used for display is always the one changed with this
command.
See <em>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</em> for details.
Passing <em>Layer</em> changes the current layers name.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>n: ChangeName(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeOctagon_0028_0029-568"></a><a name="index-pins_002c-changing-shape-of-569"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-changing-shape-of-570"></a><a name="index-octagonal-pins-and-vias-571"></a><dt><span class="samp">ChangeOctagon(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected)</span><dd>Toggles what shape the affected pin(s) or via(s) will be drawn when they
are not square. The shape will either be round or octagonal.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>o: ChangeOctagon(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangePinName_0028_0029-572"></a><a name="index-changing-pin_002fpad-names-573"></a><a name="index-pin_002fpad-names_002c-changing-574"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangePinName(ElementName, PinNumber, PinName)</span><dd>Changes the name for a specified pin or pad number on a specified element.
This action is typically used to forward annotate pin/pad names from a schematic
to the layout.
<pre class="example"> ChangePinName(U1, 14, VDD)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeSize_0028_0029-575"></a><a name="index-change-sizes-576"></a><a name="index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-577"></a><a name="index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-578"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeSize(Object, value[, unit])</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, value[, unit])</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, value[, unit])</span><dt><span class="samp">ChangeSize(SelectedElements, value[, unit])</span><dd>To change the size of an object you have to bind these action to some
<code>X</code> event (or use :ChangeSize(...)). If <em>value</em> begins with
a + or - then the value will be added (or subtracted) from the current
size, otherwise the size is set equal to <em>value</em>. Range checking is
done to insure that none of the maximum/minimums of any size are violated.
If <em>Object</em> is passed then a single object at the cursor location is
changed. If any of the <em>Selected</em> arguments are passed then all selected
and visible objects of that type are changed. If the type being modified is
an element, then the thickness of the silkscreen lines defining the element
is changed.
<em>unit</em> is "mil" or "mm". If not specified the units will default
to the internal unit of 0.01 mil.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, +5)
!Shift<Key>s: ChangeSize(Object, -5)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ChangeSquare_0028_0029-579"></a><a name="index-change-square-flag-580"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-changing-of-objects-581"></a><a name="index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-582"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ChangeSquare(Object|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)</span><dd>Toggles the setting of the square flag. The flag is used to identify a
certain pin, normally the first one, of circuits. It is also used to
make SMD pads have square ends.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>q: ChangeSquare(Object)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ClrFlag_0028_0029-583"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-clearing-584"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-clearing-585"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-clearing-586"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-clearing-587"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-clearing-588"></a><dt><span class="samp">ClrFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square)</span><dd>Clears the indicated flag. This removes thermals, removes the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or removes the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :ClrFlag(SelectedVias,thermal)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Command_0028_0029-589"></a><a name="index-start-user-input-590"></a><a name="index-inputfield_002c-start-user-input-591"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Command()</span><dd>Calling <em>Command()</em> pops up an input line at the bottom of the window
which allows you to enter commands. Including all action commands!
The dialog ends when <em>None<Key>Return</em>
to confirm or <em>None<Key>Escape</em> to abort is entered.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Key>colon: Command()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Connection_0028_0029-592"></a><a name="index-scanning-connections-593"></a><a name="index-searching-connections-594"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-reseting-595"></a><a name="index-reseting-found-connections-596"></a><a name="index-connections_002c-searching-for-597"></a><a name="index-saving-found-connections-598"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Connection(Find)</span><dt><span class="samp">Connection(ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles|ResetPinsViasAndPads|Reset)</span><dd>The <em>Connection()</em> action is used to mark all connections from one pin,
line or via to others.
The <em>ResetFoundLinesAndRectangles, ResetFoundPinsAndVias</em> and
<em>Reset</em> arguments may be used to reset all marked lines and rectangles,
vias and pins or all of them. The search starts with the pin or via
at the cursor position. All found objects are drawn with the color
defined by the resource <em>connectedColor</em>.
See also, <em>Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift<Key>c: Connection(Reset)
None<Key>f: Connection(Find)
!Shift<Key>f: Connection(Reset)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DeleteRats_0028_0029-599"></a><a name="index-rats-nest-600"></a><a name="index-rat_002dline-601"></a><a name="index-netlist-602"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DeleteRats(AllRats|SelectedRats)</span><dd>This routine deletes either all rat-lines in the layout, or only
the selected and visible ones. Non-rat-lines and other layout
objects are unaffected.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>e: DeleteRats(AllRats)
!Shift<Key>e: DeleteRats(SelectedRats)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-603"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-disabling-604"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-disabling-605"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DisableVendor()</span><dd>Disables automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> DisableVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DisperseElements_0028_0029-606"></a><a name="index-dispersing-elements-607"></a><a name="index-distributing-elements-608"></a><a name="index-elements_002c-dispersing-609"></a><a name="index-elements_002c-distributing-610"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DisperseElements(All|Selected)</span><dd>Disperses either all elements or only the selected elements in the
layout. This action should be used at the
start of a design to spread out all footprints before any placement or
routing is done.
<pre class="example"> DisperseElements(All)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Display_0028_0029-611"></a><a name="index-centering-612"></a><a name="index-redrawing-layout-613"></a><a name="index-refreshing-layout-614"></a><a name="index-name-of-an-element-615"></a><a name="index-displaying-element-names-616"></a><a name="index-element_002c-display-names-of-617"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-absolute-and-relative-618"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-display-619"></a><a name="index-rubberband-620"></a><a name="index-pinout_002c-display-of-621"></a><a name="index-displaying-pinout-622"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-623"></a><a name="index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-624"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Display(Description|NameOnPCB|Value)</span><dt><span class="samp">Display(Toggle45Degree|CycleClip)</span><dt><span class="samp">Display(Grid|ToggleGrid)</span><dt><span class="samp">Display(ToggleRubberBandMode)</span><dt><span class="samp">Display(Center|ClearAndRedraw|Redraw)</span><dt><span class="samp">Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)</span><dd>This action routines handles some output related settings. It is
used to center the display around the cursor location and to redraw the
output area optionally after clearing the window.
Centering is done with respect to the <em>grid</em> setting. Displaying the
grid itself may be switched on and off by <em>Grid</em> but only if
the distance between two pixels exceeds 4 pixels.
<code>Pcb</code> is able to handle several labels of an element. One of them
is a description of the functionality (eg resistor), the second should be
a unique identifier (R1) whereas the last one is a value (100k).
The <em>Display()</em> action selects which of the names is displayed.
It also controls which name will be affected by the <em>ChangeName</em> command.
If <em>ToggleGrid</em> is passed, <code>Pcb</code> changes between relative
('rel' in the statusline) and absolute grid (an 'abs' in the statusline).
Relative grid means the pointer position when the command is issued is
used as the grid origin; while (0,0) is used in the absolute grid case.
Passing <em>Pinout</em> displays the pinout of the element at the current
cursor location whereas <em>PinOrPadName</em> toggles displaying of the
pins or pads name under the cursor. If none of them matches but the cursor
is inside of an element, the flags is toggled for all of its pins and pads.
For details about rubberbands see also the details about <em>Mode</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>c: Display(Center)
None<Key>d: Display(PinOrPadName)
!Shift<Key>d: Display(Pinout)
None<Key>r: Display(ClearAndRedraw)
None<Key>.: Display(Toggle45Degree)
None<Key>/: Display(CycleClip)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-DRC_0028_0029-625"></a><a name="index-design-rule-checking-626"></a><a name="index-drc-627"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DRC()</span><dd>Initiates design rule checking of the entire layout. Must be repeated
until no errors are found.
<p><a name="index-ExecuteFile_0028_0029-628"></a><a name="index-actions-file_002c-executing-629"></a><a name="index-script-file_002c-executing-630"></a><dt><span class="samp">ExecuteFile(filename)</span><dd>Executes the PCB actions contained in the specified file.
This can be used to automate a complex sequence of operations.
<pre class="example"> :ExecuteFile(custom.cmd)
</pre>
<p>The command file contains a list of PCB actions. Blank lines
are ignored and lines starting with a # are treated as comment
lines. For example
<pre class="example"> # This is a comment line
Display(Grid)
SetValue(Zoom,2)
DRC()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-EditLayerGroups_0028_0029-631"></a><a name="index-layers_002c-editing-of-groups-632"></a><a name="index-groups_002c-editing-of-633"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">EditLayerGroups()</span><dd>Pops up a dialog box to edit the layergroup setting. The function is also
available from the <em>Objects</em> menu.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-634"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-enabling-635"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-enabling-636"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">EnableVendor()</span><dd>Enables automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> EnableVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Load_0028_0029-637"></a><a name="index-loading-files-638"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Load(ElementToBuffer|Layout|LayoutToBuffer|Nelist)</span><dd>This routine pops up a fileselect box to load layout, element data,
or netlist.
The passed filename for layout data is saved and may be reused.
<em>ElementToBuffer</em> and <em>LayoutToBuffer</em> load the data into the
current buffer.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-LoadVendor_0028_0029-639"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-loading-640"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-loading-641"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">LoadVendor(vendorfile)</span><dd>Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<pre class="example"> LoadVendor(myvendor.res)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MarkCrosshair_0028_0029-642"></a><a name="index-mark-643"></a><a name="index-cursor-position-644"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">MarkCrosshair()</span><dd>This routine marks the current cursor location with an X, and then
the cursor display shows both absolute position and position relative to
the mark. If a mark is already present, this routine removes it and
stops displaying relative cursor coordinates.
Defaults:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<key>m: MarkCrosshair()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Mode_0028_0029-645"></a><a name="index-mode_002c-selecting-of-646"></a><a name="index-operation-modes_002c-selecting-of-647"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Mode(Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Move|None|PasteBuffer|Polygon|Thermal)</span><dt><span class="samp">Mode(Remove|Rectangle|RubberbandMove|Text|Via)</span><dt><span class="samp">Mode(Cycle)</span><dt><span class="samp">Mode(Notify)</span><dt><span class="samp">Mode(Save|Restore)</span><dd>Switches to a new mode of operation. The active mode is displayed by a thick
line around the matching mode selector button.
Most of the functionality of <code>Pcb</code> is implemented by selecting a mode
and calling <em>Mode(Notify)</em>. The arguments <em>Line</em>, <em>Polygon</em>,
<em>Rectangle</em>, <em>Text</em> and <em>Via</em> are used to create the
appropriate object whenever <em>Mode(Notify)</em> is called. Some of them,
such as <em>Polygon</em>, need more than one call for one object to be created.
<em>InsertPoint</em> adds points to existing polygons or lines.
<em>Save</em> and <em>Restore</em> are used to temporarily save the mode, switch
to another one, call <em>Mode(Notify)</em> and restore the saved one. Have
a look at the application resource file for examples.
<em>Copy</em> and <em>Move</em> modes are used to change an object's location and,
optionally, to create a new one. The first call of <em>Mode(Notify)</em> attaches
the object at the pointer location to the cross hair whereas the second
one drops it to the layout. The <em>rubberband</em> version of move performs the
move while overriding the current rubberband mode.
Passing <em>PasteBuffer</em> attaches the contents of the currently selected
buffer to the cross hair. Each call to <em>Mode(Notify)</em> pastes this contents
to the layout. <em>Mode(Cycle)</em> cycles through the modes available in the
mode-button pallet.
<em>Mode(None)</em> switches all modes off.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Key>Escape: Mode(None)
<Key>space: Mode(Cycle)
None<Key>BackSpace: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Key>Delete: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Key>F1: Mode(Via)
None<Key>F2: Mode(Line)
None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
None<Key>F4: Mode(Rectangle)
None<Key>F5: Mode(Text)
None<Key>F6: Mode(Polygon)
None<Key>F7: Mode(Thermal)
None<Key>F8: Mode(Arc)
None<Key>Insert: Mode(InsertPoint)
None<Key>[: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
None<Key>]: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Btn1>: Mode(Notify)
!Shift Ctrl<Btn1>: Mode(Save) Mode(Remove) Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
None<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Move) Mode(Notify)
None<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
!Mod1<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(Copy) Mode(Notify)
!Mod1<Btn2Up>: Mode(Notify) Mode(Restore)
Shift BTNMOD<Btn2Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(RubberbandMove) Mode(Notify)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MovePointer_0028_0029-648"></a><a name="index-pointer_002c-moving-of-649"></a><a name="index-cursor-movements-650"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">MovePointer(delta_x, delta_y)</span><dd>With this function it is possible to move the cross hair cursor by using the
cursor keys. The <code>X</code> server's pointer follows because the necessary
events are generated by <code>Pcb</code>. All movements are performed with respect
to the currently set grid value.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -1)
!Shift<Key>Up: MovePointer(0, -10)
None<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 1)
!Shift<Key>Down: MovePointer(0, 10)
None<Key>Right: MovePointer(1, 0)
!Shift<Key>Right: MovePointer(10, 0)
None<Key>Left: MovePointer(-1, 0)
!Shift<Key>Left: MovePointer(-10, 0)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-MoveToCurrentLayer_0028_0029-651"></a><a name="index-objects_002c-moving-to-current-layer-652"></a><a name="index-moving-objects-to-current-layer-653"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)</span><dd>The function moves a single object at the cross hair location or all selected
objects to the current layer. Elements are not movable by this function.
They have to be deleted and replaced on the other side.
If a line segment is moved and the movement would result in a loss of
connectivity to another segment then via(s) are automatically added to
maintain the connectivity.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(Object)
!Shift<Key>m: MoveToCurrentLayer(SelectedObjects)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-New_0028_0029-654"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-start-a-new-655"></a><a name="index-starting-a-new-layout-656"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">New()</span><dd>Clear the current layout and starts a new one after entering its name.
Refer to the resource <em>backup</em> for more information.
No defaults.
<p><a name="index-PasteBuffer_0028_0029-657"></a><a name="index-buffer_002c-selecting-a-658"></a><a name="index-pastebuffer_002c-selecting-a-659"></a><a name="index-selecting-a-buffer-660"></a><a name="index-rotating-a-buffer-661"></a><a name="index-cutting-objects-662"></a><a name="index-copying-objects-663"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..5)</span><dt><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)</span><dt><span class="samp">PasteBuffer(Convert)</span><dd>This action routine controls and selects the pastebuffer as well as all
cut-and-paste operations. Passing a buffer number selects one in of the
range 1..5. The statusline is updated with the new number.
<em>Rotate</em> performs a number of 90 degree counter clockwise rotations
of the buffer contents. <em>AddSelected</em> as first argument copies all
selected and visible objects into the buffer. Passing <em>Clear</em> removes
all objects from the currently selected buffer. <em>Convert</em> causes
the contents of the buffer (lines, arc, vias) to be converted into an
element definition. Refer to <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a>
for examples.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
Mode(PasteBuffer)
!Shift Ctrl<Key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
RemoveSelected() Mode(PasteBuffer)
!Mod1<Key>c: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
!Mod1<key>x: PasteBuffer(Clear) PasteBuffer(AddSelected)
RemoveSelected()
!Shift<Key>1: PasteBuffer(1)
!Shift<Key>2: PasteBuffer(2)
!Shift<Key>3: PasteBuffer(3)
!Shift<Key>4: PasteBuffer(4)
!Shift<Key>5: PasteBuffer(5)
None<Key>F3: Mode(PasteBuffer)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Polygon_0028_0029-664"></a><a name="index-polygon_002c-closing-a-665"></a><a name="index-polygon-point_002c-go-back-to-previous-666"></a><a name="index-closing-a-polygon-667"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Polygon((Close|PreviousPoint)</span><dd>Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier. Calling
<em>Polygon(PreviousPoint)</em> resets the newly entered corner to the
previous one. The Undo action will call Polygon(PreviousPoint)
when appropriate to do so. <em>Close</em> creates the final
segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping to 45 degree
lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
!Shift<Key>p: Polygon(Close)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Print_0028_0029-668"></a><a name="index-layout_002c-printing-a-669"></a><a name="index-printing-a-layout-670"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Print()</span><dd>Pops up a print control box that lets you select the output
device, scaling and many more options. Each run creates all
files that are supported by the selected device. These are
mask files as well as drilling files, silk screens and so on. The table
shows the filenames for all possible files:
<pre class="example"> POSIX (extension) 8.3 filename
---------------------------------------------
*_componentmask.* cmsk.*
*_componentsilk.* cslk.*
*_soldermask.* smsk.*
*_soldersilk.* sslk.*
*_drill.* dril.*
*_groundplane.* gpl.*
*_group[1..8].* [..8].*
</pre>
<p>The output may be sent to a post-processor by starting the filename with the
<em>pipe</em> <code>("|")</code> character. Any <code>"%f"</code> in a command is replaced
with the current filename. The function is available from the <em>file</em> menu.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Quit_0028_0029-671"></a><a name="index-quit-672"></a><a name="index-exit-673"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Quit()</span><dd>Quits the application after confirming the operation.
Default:
<pre class="example"> <Message>WM_PROTOCOLS: Quit()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Redo_0028_0029-674"></a><a name="index-redo-675"></a><a name="index-recover-676"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Redo()</span><dd>This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command.
You might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to
revert something other than what it actually did (in case you
are confused about which operations are un-doable), or if you
have been backing up through a long undo list and over-shoot
your stopping point. Any change that is made since the undo
in question will trim the redo list. For example if you add
ten lines, then undo three of them you could use redo to put
them back, but if you move a line on the board before performing
the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the three "undone" lines.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift<Key>r: Redo()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-RemoveSelected_0028_0029-677"></a><a name="index-removing-selected-objects-678"></a><a name="index-selected-object_002c-removing-an-679"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">RemoveSelected()</span><dd>This routine removes all visible and selected objects.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Report_0028_0029-680"></a><a name="index-report-681"></a><a name="index-information-about-objects-682"></a><a name="index-drill-683"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Report(Object|DrillReport)</span><dd>This routine pops up a dialog box describing the various
characteristics of an object (or piece of an object such as a pad or pin)
in the layout at the cursor position, or a report about all of the
drill holes in the layout.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-RouteStyle_0028_0029-684"></a><a name="index-routing-style-685"></a><a name="index-size-of-lines-and-vias-686"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)</span><dd>This routine copies the sizes corresponding to the numbered route style
into the active line thickens, via diameter, and via drill size.
Defaults:
<pre class="example"> !Ctrl<Key>1: RouteStyle(1)
...
!Ctrl<Key>NUM_STYLES: RouteStyle(NUM_STYLES)
</pre>
<p>The variable <code>NUM_STYLES</code> is set at compile time in
<span class="file">globalconfig.h</span>.
<p><a name="index-Save_0028_0029-687"></a><a name="index-saving-files-688"></a><a name="index-saving-connections-689"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Save(Layout|LayoutAs)</span><dt><span class="samp">Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)</span><dd>Passing <em>Layout</em> saves the layout using the file from which it was
loaded or, if it is a new layout, calls <em>Save(LayoutAs)</em> which queries
the user for a filename.
The values: <em>AllConnections</em>, <em>AllUnusedPins</em> and
<em>ElementConnections</em> start a connection scan and save all connections,
all unused pins or the connections of a single element to a file.
There are no defaults.
<p><a name="index-Select_0028_0029-690"></a><a name="index-selection-691"></a><a name="index-selecting-objects-692"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Select(All|Block|Connection|ToggleObject)</span><dt><span class="samp">Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)</span><dt><span class="samp">Select(TextByName|ViaByName)</span><dd>Toggles either the selection flag of the object at the cross hair position
(<em>ToggleObject</em>) or selects all visible objects, all inside a
rectangle or all objects which have been found during the last connection
scan. The <em>ByName</em> functions use a <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a> search,
always case insensitive, to select the objects.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Btn3Down>: Select(ToggleObject)
None<Btn3Down>,None<Btn3Motion>: See resource file - this is complex
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SetFlag_0028_0029-693"></a><a name="index-flags_002c-setting-694"></a><a name="index-octagonal-flag_002c-setting-695"></a><a name="index-square-flag_002c-setting-696"></a><a name="index-thermal-flag_002c-setting-697"></a><dt><span class="samp">SetFlag(Object|SelectElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected,thermal|octagon|square)</span><dd>Sets the indicated flag. This adds thermals, sets the flag
which indicates a pin/pad should be square, or sets the flag which
indicates a pin/pad should be octagonal.
<pre class="example"> :SetFlag(Selected,thermal)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SetValue_0028_0029-698"></a><a name="index-change-settings-699"></a><a name="index-zoom_002c-setting-of-700"></a><a name="index-grid_002c-setting-of-701"></a><a name="index-drilling-hole_002c-setting-of-initial-size-702"></a><a name="index-vias_002c-setting-of-initial-size-703"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-setting-of-initial-size-704"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">SetValue(Grid|LineSize|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|ViaSize|Zoom, value)</span><dd>Some internal values may be changed online by this function.
The first parameter specifies which data has to be changed. The other one
determines if the resource is set to the passed value, if <em>value</em> is
specified without sign, or increments/decrements if it is specified with
a plus or minus sign.
The function doesn't change any existing object only the initial values of
new objects. Use the <em>ChangeSize()</em> and <em>ChangeDrillSize()</em>
to change existing objects.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, +5)
!Shift<Key>g: SetValue(Grid, -5)
None<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, +5)
!Shift<Key>l: SetValue(LineSize, -5)
None<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, +10)
!Shift<Key>t: SetValue(TextScale, -10)
None<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, +5)
!Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaSize, -5)
!Mod1<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, +5)
!Mod1 Shift<Key>v: SetValue(ViaDrillingHole, -5)
None<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, -1)
!Shift<Key>z: SetValue(Zoom, +1)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SwapSides_0028_0029-705"></a><a name="index-change-viewing-side-706"></a><a name="index-viewing-side_002c-changing-of-707"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">SwapSides()</span><dd>This routine changes the board side you are viewing.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>Tab: SwapSides()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-SwitchDrawingLayer_0028_0029-708"></a><a name="index-change-drawing-layer-709"></a><a name="index-layer_002c-change-active-710"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">SwitchDrawingLayer(value)</span><dd>Makes layer number 1..MAX_LAYER the current one.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>1: SwitchDrawingLayer(1)
...
None<Key>MAX_LAYER: SwitchDrawingLayer(MAX_LAYER)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleHideName_0028_0029-711"></a><a name="index-hide-element-name-712"></a><a name="index-element-name_002c-hiding-713"></a><a name="index-element-name_002c-removing-from-silk_002dscreen-714"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)</span><dd>Toggles whether the element's name is displayed or hidden. If it
is hidden you won't see it on the screen and it will not appear
on the silk layer when you print the layout.
<pre class="example"> None<Key>h: ToggleHideName(Object)
!Shift<Key>h: ToggleHideName(SelectedElements)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-715"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-toggling-716"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-toggling-717"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ToggleVendor()</span><dd>Toggles automatic drill size mapping to the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> ToggleVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-ToggleVisibility_0028_0029-718"></a><a name="index-toggle-layer-visibility-719"></a><a name="index-layer-visibility_002c-toggling-720"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">ToggleVisibility(Layer)</span><dd>Toggles the visibility of the layer.
<pre class="example"> Mod1<Key>1: ToggleVisibility(1)
Mod1<Key>2: ToggleVisibility(2)
Mod1<Key>3: ToggleVisibility(3)
Mod1<Key>4: ToggleVisibility(4)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Undo_0028_0029-721"></a><a name="index-undo-722"></a><a name="index-recover-723"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Undo()</span><dt><span class="samp">Undo(ClearList)</span><dd>The unlimited undo feature of <code>Pcb</code> allows you to recover
from most operations that materially affect you work.
Calling <em>Undo()</em> without any parameter recovers
from the last (non-undo) operation. <em>ClearList</em> is used to release the
allocated memory. <em>ClearList</em> is called whenever a new layout is started
or loaded. See also <em>Redo</em>.
Default:
<pre class="example"> None<Key>u: Undo()
!Shift Ctrl<Key>u: Undo(ClearList)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-724"></a><a name="index-vendor-map_002c-unloading-725"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table_002c-unloading-726"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">UnloadVendor()</span><dd>Unloads the loaded vendor drill table.
<pre class="example"> UnloadVendor()
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Unselect_0028_0029-727"></a><a name="index-selection-728"></a><a name="index-unselect-objects-729"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">Unselect(All|Block|Connection)</span><dd>Unselects all visible objects, all inside a rectangle or all objects which
have been found during the last connection scan.
Default:
<pre class="example"> !Shift <Btn3Down>: Mode(Save) Mode(None) Unselect(Block)
!Shift <Btn3Up>: Unselect(Block) Mode(Restore)
</pre>
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Translations"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Actions">Actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">7.3 Default Translations</h3>
<p><a name="index-translations-730"></a><a name="index-default-translations-731"></a><a name="index-X11-default-translations-732"></a>
This section covers some default translations of key and button events as
defined in the shipped default application resource file. Most of them have
already been listed in <a href="#Actions">Actions</a>. <code>Pcb</code> makes use of a nice <code>X11</code>
feature; calling several action routines for one event.
<a name="index-removing-objects-733"></a>
<a name="index-removing-connections-734"></a>
<a name="index-object_002c-removing-an-735"></a>
<a name="index-connection_002c-removing-an-736"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>BackSpace:</span><br><dt><span class="samp">None<key>Delete:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Shift<Key>BackSpace:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Shift Ctrl<Btn1>:</span><dd>The object at the cursor location is removed by <em>None<Key>BackSpace</em> or
<em>Shift Ctrl<Btn1></em> whereas <em>Shift<Key>BackSpace</em> also removes
all other objects that are fully-connected to the one at the cursor location.
<p><a name="index-scrolling-737"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Left:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Right:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Up:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Mod1 Ctrl<Key>Down:</span><dd>Scroll one page in one of the four directions.
<p><a name="index-scrolling-738"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Left:, !Shift<Key>Left:</span><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Right:, !Shift<Key>Right:</span><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Up:, !Shift<Key>Up:</span><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Down:, !Shift<Key>Down:</span><dd>Move cross hair either one or ten points in grid.
<p><a name="index-user-input-739"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Return:</span><dd>Finished user input, selects the 'default' button of dialogs.
<p><a name="index-user-input-740"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">None<Key>Escape:</span><dd><em>Mode(Reset)</em>, aborts user input, selects the 'abort' button of
dialogs or resets all modes.
<p><a name="index-element_002c-move-name-of-741"></a><a name="index-object_002c-move-an-742"></a><a name="index-object_002c-copy-an-743"></a><a name="index-move-an-object-744"></a><a name="index-copy-an-object-745"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">None<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, None<Btn2Up>:</span><dt><span class="samp">!Mod1<Btn2Down>, Btn2<Motion>, !Mod1<Btn2Up>:</span><dd>The first sequence moves the object or element name at the cursor location.
The second one copies the objects. Copying isn't available for
element names.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 6 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="File-Formats"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">8 File Formats</h2>
<p><a name="index-file-formats-746"></a><a name="index-ASCII-files_002c-format-of-747"></a>
All files used by <code>Pcb</code> are read from the standard output of a command
or written to the standard input of one as plain seven bit <code>ASCII</code>. This
makes it possible to use any editor to change the contents of a layout file.
It is the only way for element or font description files to be created.
To do so you'll need to study the example files <span class="file">example/*</span> and
<span class="file">default_font</span> which are shipped with <code>Pcb</code>.
For an overview refer to <a href="#Intro">Intro</a>.
<p><a name="index-elementCommand-748"></a><a name="index-fileCommand-749"></a><a name="index-fontCommand-750"></a><a name="index-libraryCommand-751"></a><a name="index-libraryContentsCommand-752"></a><a name="index-saveCommand-753"></a>The following sections provide the necessary information about the syntax of
the files.
Netlist files are not created by <code>Pcb</code>, but it does use them. For information
on the format of a netlist file see the <em>:rn</em>,
<a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a>. Rat lines are added on the current layer using the current
The commands described allow you to add almost any additional
functionality you may need. Examples are compressed read and write access as
well as archives. The commands themselves are defined by the resources
<em>elementCommand</em>, <em>fileCommand</em>, <em>fontCommand</em>,
<em>libraryCommand</em>, <em>libraryContentsCommand</em> and <em>saveCommand</em>.
Note that the commands are not saved along with the data.
It is considered an advantage to have the layout file contain all necessary
information, independent of any other files.
<p>One thing common to all files is they may include comments, newlines,
and carriage returns at any place except within quoted strings.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>
<li><a href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Pad-and-Line-Representation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.1 Pad and Line Representation</h3>
<p><a name="index-pad-specification-754"></a><a name="index-file-formats_002c-pads-and-lines-755"></a>
Pads and lines (copper traces, silk screen lines, etc) are represented by the
line end points and the aperture used to draw the line. It is important to
understand this when creating the pads for a new footprint. The following figure
illustrates a pad or line which is drawn using a square aperture. The end
points (X0,Y0), (X1,Y1) specify the center of the aperture. The size parameter
specifies the size of the aperture.
<div align="center"><img src="pad.png" alt="Pad Layout"></div>
<p>Pads and lines are represented in this way because this is how lines are
specified in RS-274X (Gerber) files which are used for creating
the masks used in board manufacturing. In fact, older mask making
equipment created lines in precisely this fashion. A physical aperture was
used to pass light through onto a photosensitive film.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Layout-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.2 Layout File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-layout-files_002c-format-of-756"></a><a name="index-format-of-layout-files-757"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-layout-data-758"></a>
The layout file describes a complete layout including symbols, vias,
elements and layers with lines, rectangles and text. This is the most
complex file of all. As <code>Pcb</code> has evolved, the file format has
changed several times to accommodate new features. <code>Pcb</code> has
always been able to read all older versions of the <code>.pcb</code> file.
This allows the migration of older designs to newer versions of the
program. Obviously older versions of <code>Pcb</code> will not be able
to properly read layout files stored in newer versions of the file
format.
<p>In practice it is very common for footprint libraries to contain
elements which have been defined in various versions of the <code>Pcb</code>
file format. When faced with trying to understand an element file or
layout file which includes syntax not defined here, the best approach
is to examine the file <span class="file">src/parse_y.y</span> which is the definitive
definition of the file format.
<p>The PCB layout file contains the following contents, in this order (individual items
are defined in <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>:
<dl>
<dt><code>PCB</code><dd>This names the board and sets its size
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Cursor</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Flags</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Groups</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Styles</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Symbols</code><dd>Optional.
<br><dt><code>Vias, Rats, Layers, and Elements</code><dd>These may occur in any order, at this point in the file.
<br><dt><code>Netlists</code><dd>Optional.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Element-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.3 Element File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-element_002c-file-format-759"></a><a name="index-format-of-element-files-760"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-element-data-761"></a>
Element files are used to describe one component which then may be used
several times within one or more layouts. You will normally split the
file into two parts, one for the pinout and one for the package description.
Using <code>m4</code> allows you to define pin names as macros in one file and
include a package description file which evaluates the macros. See
the resource <em>elementCommand</em> for more information. The pins (and pads)
must appear in sequential order in the element file (new in 1.5) so that
pin 1 must be the first PIN(...) in the file.
<p>Doing things this way makes it possible to use one package file for several
different circuits. See the sample files <span class="file">dil*</span>.
<p>The lowest x and y coordinates of all sub-objects of an element are
used as an attachment point for the cross hair cursor of the main
window, unless the element has a mark, in which case that's the
attachment point.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Font-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-File">Element File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.4 Font File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-font-file_002c-format-of-762"></a><a name="index-format-of-font-files-763"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-font-data-764"></a>
A number of user defined Symbols are called a font. There is only one per
layout. All symbols are made of lines. See the file <span class="file">default_font</span>
as an example.
<p>The lowest x and y coordinates of all lines of a font are transformed to (0,0).
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Netlist-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-File">Font File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.5 Netlist File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-netlist_002c-file-format-765"></a><a name="index-netlist_002c-reading-766"></a>
Netlists read by <code>Pcb</code> must have this simple text form:
<pre class="example"> netname [style] NAME-PINNUM NAME2-PINNUM2 NAME3-PINNUM3 ... [\]
</pre>
<p><br>for each net on the layout.<br>
where "netname" is the name of the net which must be unique for each
net, [style] is an optional route-style name,
NAME is the layout-name name given to an element,
and PINNUM is the (usually numeric)
pin number of the element that connects to the net
(for details on pin numbering see <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a>).
Spaces or tabs separate the fields.
If the line ends with a "\" the
net continues on the next line and the "\" is treated exactly as if it
were a space. If a NAME ends with a lower-case letter,
all lower-case letters are stripped from the end of the NAME to determine the
matching layout-name name. For example:
<pre class="example"> Data U1-3 U2abc-4 FLOP1a-7 Uabc3-A9
</pre>
<p>specifies that the net called "Data" should have
pin 3 of U1 connected to pin 4 of U2, to pin 7 of
FLOP1 and to pin A9 of Uabc3. Note that element name and
pin number strings are case-sensitive.
It is up to you to name the elements so that their layout-name names
agrees with the netlist.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Library-Contents-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.6 Library Contents File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-contents-file_002c-format-of-767"></a><a name="index-format-of-library-contents-768"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-library-contents-769"></a>
There is nothing like a special library format. The ones that have been
introduced in 1.4.1 just use some nice (and time consuming) features of GNU
<code>m4</code>. The only predefined format is the one of the contents file
which is read during startup. It is made up of two basic line types:
<pre class="example"> menu entry = "TYPE="name
contents line = template":"package":"value":"description
name = String
template = String
package = String
value = String
description = String
String = <anything except ":", "\n" and "\r">
</pre>
<p>No leading white spaces or comments are allowed in this file. If you need
either one, define a command that removes them before loading. Have a look
to the <em>libraryContentsCommand</em> resource.
<p>The menu entry will appear in the selection menu at the top and of the
library window.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Library-File"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.7 Library File Format</h3>
<p><a name="index-library-file_002c-format-of-770"></a><a name="index-format-of-libraries-771"></a><a name="index-file-format_002c-libraries-772"></a>
This section provides an overview about the existing <code>m4</code> definitions
of the elements. There are basically two different types of files. One
to define element specific data like the pinout, package and so on, the
other to define the values. For example the static RAM circuits 43256 and
62256 are very similar. They therefore share a common definition in the
macro file but are defined with two different value labels.
<p>The macro file entry:
<pre class="example"> define(`Description_43256_dil', `SRAM 32Kx8')
define(`Param1_43256_dil', 28)
define(`Param2_43256_dil', 600)
define(`PinList_43256_dil', ``pin1', `pin2', ...')
</pre>
<p>And the list file:
<pre class="example"> 43256_dil:N:43256:62256
</pre>
<p>The macro must define a description, the pin list and up to two additional
parameters that are passed to the package definitions. The first one is
the number of pins whereas the second one defines for example the width
of a package.
<p>It is very important to select a unique identifier for each macro. In
the example this would be <em>43256_dil</em> which is also the templates name.
It is required by some low-level macros that
<em>Description_, Param1_, Param2_</em> and <em>PinList_</em> are perpended.
<p>The list file uses a syntax:
<pre class="example"> template:package:value[:more values]
</pre>
<p>This means that the shown example will create two element entries with the
same package and pinout but with different names.
<p>A number of packages are defined in <span class="file">common.m4</span>. Included are:
<pre class="example"> DIL packages with suffix D, DW, J, JD, JG, N, NT, P
PLCC
TO3
generic connectors
DIN 41.612 connectors
zick-zack (SD suffix)
15 pin multiwatt
</pre>
<p>If you are going to start your own library please take care about <code>m4</code>
functions. Be aware of quoting and so on and, most important check your
additional entry by calling the macro:
<pre class="example"> CreateObject(`template', `value', `package suffix')
</pre>
<p>If quoting is incorrect an endless loop may occur (broken by a out-of-memory
message).
<p>The scripts in the <span class="file">lib</span> directory handle the creation of libraries
as well as of their contents files. Querying is also supported.
<p>I know quite well that this description of the library implementation is
not what some out there expect. But in my opinion it's much more useful to
look at the comments and follow the macros step by step.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="File-Syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-File">Library File</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.8 File Syntax</h3>
<p><a name="index-File-sytax-773"></a><a name="index-Syntax_002c-file-774"></a>
<!-- key pcbfile -->
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 121 -->
<p>A special note about units: Older versions of <code>pcb</code> used mils
(1/1000 inch) as the base unit; a value of 500 in the file meant
half an inch. Newer versions uses a "high resolution" syntax,
where the base unit is 1/100 of a mil (0.000010 inch); a value of 500 in
the file means 5 mils. As a general rule, the variants of each entry
listed below which use square brackets are the high resolution formats
and use the 1/100 mil units, and the ones with parentheses are the older
variants and use 1 mil units. Note that when multiple variants
are listed, the most recent (and most preferred) format is the first
listed.
<p>Symbolic and numeric flags (SFlags and NFlags) are described in
<a href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Arc-syntax">Arc syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>
<li><a href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>
<li><a href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Via-syntax">Via syntax</a>
</ul>
<!-- pcbfile Arc -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Arc-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.1 Arc</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 676 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Arc [X Y Width Height Thickness Clearance StartAngle DeltaAngle SFlags]
Arc (X Y Width Height Thickness Clearance StartAngle DeltaAngle NFlags)
Arc (X Y Width Height Thickness StartAngle DeltaAngle NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the center of the arc.
<br><dt><var>Width Height</var><dd>The width and height, from the center to the edge. The bounds of the
circle of which this arc is a segment, is thus 2*Width by
2*Height.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the copper trace which forms the arc.
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>The amount of space cleared around the arc when the line passes
through a polygon. The clearance is added to the thickness to get the
thickness of the clear; thus the space between the arc and the polygon
is Clearance/2 wide.
<br><dt><var>StartAngle</var><dd>The angle of one end of the arc, in degrees. In PCB, an angle of zero
points left (negative X direction), and 90 degrees points down
(positive Y direction).
<br><dt><var>DeltaAngle</var><dd>The sweep of the arc. This may be negative. Positive angles sweep
counterclockwise.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Attribute -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Attribute-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Arc-syntax">Arc syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.2 Attribute</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1234 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Attribute ("Name" "Value")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Attributes allow boards and elements to have arbitrary data attached
to them, which is not directly used by PCB itself but may be of use by
other programs or users.
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the attribute
<br><dt><var>Value</var><dd>The value of the attribute. Values are always stored as strings, even
if the value is interpreted as, for example, a number.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Connect -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Connect-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Attribute-syntax">Attribute syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.3 Connect</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1224 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Connect ("PinPad")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>PinPad</var><dd>The name of a pin or pad which is included in this net. Pin and Pad
names are named by the refdes and pin name, like <code>"U14-7"</code> for
pin 7 of U14, or <code>"T4-E"</code> for pin E of T4.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Cursor -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Cursor-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Connect-syntax">Connect syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.4 Cursor</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 324 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor [X Y Zoom]
Cursor (X Y Zoom)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Location of the cursor when the board was saved.
<br><dt><var>Zoom</var><dd>The current zoom factor. Note that a zoom factor of "0" means 1 mil
per screen pixel, N means 2^N mils per screen pixel, etc. The
first variant accepts floating point numbers. The special value
"1000" means "zoom to fit"
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile DRC -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DRC-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cursor-syntax">Cursor syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.5 DRC</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 370 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DRC [Bloat Shrink Line Silk Drill Ring]
DRC [Bloat Shrink Line Silk]
DRC [Bloat Shrink Line]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Bloat</var><dd>Minimum spacing between copper.
<br><dt><var>Shrink</var><dd>Minimum copper overlap to guarantee connectivity.
<br><dt><var>Line</var><dd>Minimum line thickness.
<br><dt><var>Silk</var><dd>Minimum silk thickness.
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>Minimum drill size.
<br><dt><var>Ring</var><dd>Minimum width of the annular ring around pins and vias.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Element -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Element-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DRC-syntax">DRC syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.6 Element</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 778 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Element [SFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" MX MY TX TY TDir TScale TSFlags] (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" MX MY TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" "Value" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element (NFlags "Desc" "Name" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
Element ("Desc" "Name" TX TY TDir TScale TNFlags) (
<small class="dots">...</small> contents <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags, for the element as a whole.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags, for the element as a whole.
<br><dt><var>Desc</var><dd>The description of the element. This is one of the three strings
which can be displayed on the screen.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the element, usually the reference designator.
<br><dt><var>Value</var><dd>The value of the element.
<br><dt><var>MX MY</var><dd>The location of the element's mark. This is the reference point
for placing the element and its pins and pads.
<br><dt><var>TX TY</var><dd>The upper left corner of the text (one of the three strings).
<br><dt><var>TDir</var><dd>The relative direction of the text. 0 means left to right for
an unrotated element, 1 means up, 2 left, 3 down.
<br><dt><var>TScale</var><dd>Size of the text, as a percentage of the “default” size of of the
font (the default font is about 40 mils high). Default is 100 (40
mils).
<br><dt><var>TSFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags, for the text.
<br><dt><var>TNFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags, for the text.
</dl>
<p>Elements may contain pins, pads, element lines, element arcs,
attributes, and (for older elements) an optional mark. Note that
element definitions that have the mark coordinates in the element
line, only support pins and pads which use relative coordinates. The
pin and pad coordinates are relative to the mark. Element definitions
which do not include the mark coordinates in the element line, may
have a Mark definition in their contents, and only use pin and pad
definitions which use absolute coordinates.
<!-- pcbfile ElementArc -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ElementArc-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Element-syntax">Element syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.7 ElementArc</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 887 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementArc [X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness]
ElementArc (X Y Width Height StartAngle DeltaAngle Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the center of the arc. These are relative to the
Element's mark point for new element formats, or absolute for older
formats.
<br><dt><var>Width Height</var><dd>The width and height, from the center to the edge. The bounds of the
circle of which this arc is a segment, is thus 2*Width by
2*Height.
<br><dt><var>StartAngle</var><dd>The angle of one end of the arc, in degrees. In PCB, an angle of zero
points left (negative X direction), and 90 degrees points down
(positive Y direction).
<br><dt><var>DeltaAngle</var><dd>The sweep of the arc. This may be negative. Positive angles sweep
counterclockwise.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the silk line which forms the arc.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ElementLine -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ElementLine-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ElementArc-syntax">ElementArc syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.8 ElementLine</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 885 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ElementLine [X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness]
ElementLine (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>Coordinates of the endpoints of the line. These are relative to the
Element's mark point for new element formats, or absolute for older
formats.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the silk for this line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile FileVersion -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="FileVersion-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ElementLine-syntax">ElementLine syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.9 FileVersion</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 234 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FileVersion[Version]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Version</var><dd>File format version. This version number represents the date when the pcb file
format was last changed.
</dl>
<p>Any version of pcb build from sources equal to or newer
than this number should be able to read the file. If this line is not present
in the input file then file format compatibility is not checked.
<!-- pcbfile Flags -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Flags-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FileVersion-syntax">FileVersion syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.10 Flags</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 412 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Flags(Number)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Number</var><dd>A number, whose value is normally given in hex, individual bits of which
represent pcb-wide flags as defined in <a href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Grid -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Grid-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Flags-syntax">Flags syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.11 Grid</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 247 -->
<p>/* %start-doc pcbfile PCB
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PCB ["Name" Width Height]
PCB ("Name" Width Height]
PCB ("Name")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>Name of the PCB project
<br><dt><var>Width Height</var><dd>Size of the board
</dl>
<p>If you don't specify the size of the board, a very large default is
chosen.
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 270 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Grid [Step OffsetX OffsetY Visible]
Grid (Step OffsetX OffsetY Visible)
Grid (Step OffsetX OffsetY)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Step</var><dd>Distance from one grid point to adjacent points. This value may be a
floating point number for the first two variants.
<br><dt><var>OffsetX OffsetY</var><dd>The "origin" of the grid. Normally zero.
<br><dt><var>Visible</var><dd>If non-zero, the grid will be visible on the screen.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Groups -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Groups-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Grid-syntax">Grid syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.12 Groups</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 426 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Groups("String")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>String</var><dd>
Encodes the layer grouping information. Each group is separated by a
colon, each member of each group is separated by a comma. Group
members are either numbers from <code>1</code>..<var>N</var> for each layer, and
the letters <code>c</code> or <code>s</code> representing the component side and
solder side of the board. Including <code>c</code> or <code>s</code> marks that
group as being the top or bottom side of the board.
<pre class="example"> Groups("1,2,c:3:4:5,6,s:7,8")
</pre>
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Layer -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Layer-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Groups-syntax">Groups syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.13 Layer</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 566 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Layer (LayerNum "Name") (
<small class="dots">...</small> contents <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>LayerNum</var><dd>The layer number. Layers are numbered sequentially, starting with 1.
The last two layers (9 and 10 by default) are solder-side silk and
component-side silk, in that order.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>The layer name.
<br><dt><var>contents</var><dd>The contents of the layer, which may include attributes, lines, arcs, rectangles,
text, and polygons.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Line -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Line-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Layer-syntax">Layer syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.14 Line</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 646 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Line [X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Clearance SFlags]
Line (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness Clearance NFlags)
Line (X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Thickness NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The end points of the line
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of the line
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>The amount of space cleared around the line when the line passes
through a polygon. The clearance is added to the thickness to get the
thickness of the clear; thus the space between the line and the
polygon is Clearance/2 wide.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Mark -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Mark-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Line-syntax">Line syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.15 Mark</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 889 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Mark [X Y]
Mark (X Y)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of the Mark, for older element formats that don't have
the mark as part of the Element line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Net -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Net-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Mark-syntax">Mark syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.16 Net</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1201 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Net ("Name" "Style") (
<small class="dots">...</small> connects <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of this net.
<br><dt><var>Style</var><dd>The routing style that should be used when autorouting this net.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Netlist -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Netlist-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Net-syntax">Net syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.17 Netlist</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1180 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Netlist ( ) (
<small class="dots">...</small> nets <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<!-- pcbfile Pad -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Pad-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-syntax">Netlist syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.18 Pad</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1046 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pad [rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2 Thickness Clearance Mask "Name" "Number" SFlags]
Pad (rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2 Thickness Clearance Mask "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pad (aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2 Thickness "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pad (aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2 Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>rX1 rY1 rX2 rY2</var><dd>Coordinates of the endpoints of the pad, relative to the element's
mark. Note that the copper extends beyond these coordinates by half
the thickness. To make a square or round pad, specify the same
coordinate twice.
<br><dt><var>aX1 aY1 aX2 aY2</var><dd>Same, but absolute coordinates of the endpoints of the pad.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>width of the pad.
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance width.
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>width of solder mask opening.
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>name of pin
<br><dt><var>Number</var><dd>number of pin
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Pin -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Pin-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pad-syntax">Pad syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.19 Pin</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 973 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pin [rX rY Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" "Number" SFlags]
Pin (rX rY Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness Drill "Name" "Number" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness Drill "Name" NFlags)
Pin (aX aY Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>rX rY</var><dd>coordinates of center, relative to the element's mark
<br><dt><var>aX aY</var><dd>absolute coordinates of center.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>outer diameter of copper annulus
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance diameter
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>diameter of solder mask opening
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>diameter of drill
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>name of pin
<br><dt><var>Number</var><dd>number of pin
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile PolyArea -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="PolyArea-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Pin-syntax">Pin syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.20 PolyArea</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 348 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PolyArea [Area]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Area</var><dd>Minimum area of polygon island to retain. If a polygon has clearances that cause an isolated island to be created, then will only be retained if the area exceeds this minimum area.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Polygon -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Polygon-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PolyArea-syntax">PolyArea syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.21 Polygon</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 758 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Polygon (SFlags) (
<small class="dots">...</small> (X Y) <small class="dots">...</small>
<small class="dots">...</small> [X Y] <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>X Y</var><dd>Coordinates of each vertex. You must list at least three coordinates.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Rat -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Rat-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-syntax">Polygon syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.22 Rat</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 551 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Rat [X1 Y1 Group1 X2 Y2 Group2 SFlags]
Rat (X1 Y1 Group1 X2 Y2 Group2 NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The endpoints of the rat line.
<br><dt><var>Group1 Group2</var><dd>The layer group each end is connected on.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Styles -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Styles-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Rat-syntax">Rat syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.23 Styles</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 436 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Styles("String")
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>String</var><dd>
Encodes the four routing styles <code>pcb</code> knows about. The four styles
are separated by colons. Each style consists of five parameters as follows:
<dl>
<dt><var>Name</var><dd>The name of the style.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>Width of lines and arcs.
<br><dt><var>Diameter</var><dd>Copper diameter of pins and vias.
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>Drill diameter of pins and vias.
<br><dt><var>Keepaway</var><dd>Minimum spacing to other nets. If omitted, 10 mils is the default.
</dl>
</dl>
<pre class="example"> Styles("Signal,10,40,20:Power,25,60,35:Fat,40,60,35:Skinny,8,36,20")
Styles["Logic,1000,3600,2000,1000:Power,2500,6000,3500,1000:
Line,4000,6000,3500,1000:Breakout,600,2402,1181,600"]
</pre>
<p class="noindent">Note that strings in actual files cannot span lines; the above example
is split across lines only to make it readable.
<!-- pcbfile Symbol -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Symbol-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Styles-syntax">Styles syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.24 Symbol</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1108 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Symbol [Char Delta] (
Symbol (Char Delta) (
<small class="dots">...</small> symbol lines <small class="dots">...</small>
)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Char</var><dd>The character or numerical character value this symbol represents.
Characters must be in single quotes.
<br><dt><var>Delta</var><dd>Additional space to allow after this character.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile SymbolLine -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SymbolLine-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Symbol-syntax">Symbol syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.25 SymbolLine</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 1163 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SymbolLine [X1 Y1 X2 Y1 Thickness]
SymbolLine (X1 Y1 X2 Y1 Thickness)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X1 Y1 X2 Y2</var><dd>The endpoints of this line.
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>The width of this line.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Text -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Text-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SymbolLine-syntax">SymbolLine syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.26 Text</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 704 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Text [X Y Direction Scale "String" SFlags]
Text (X Y Direction Scale "String" NFlags)
Text (X Y Direction "String" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>The location of the upper left corner of the text.
<br><dt><var>Direction</var><dd>0 means text is drawn left to right, 1 means up, 2 means right to left
(i.e. upside down), and 3 means down.
<br><dt><var>Scale</var><dd>Size of the text, as a percentage of the “default” size of of the
font (the default font is about 40 mils high). Default is 100 (40
mils).
<br><dt><var>String</var><dd>The string to draw.
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>Symbolic or numeric flags.
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>Numeric flags.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Thermal -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Thermal-syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Via-syntax">Via syntax</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Text-syntax">Text syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.27 Thermal</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 359 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Thermal [Scale]
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>Scale</var><dd>Relative size of thermal fingers. A value of 1.0 makes the finger
width twice the clearance gap width (measured across the gap, not
diameter). The normal value is 0.5, which results in a finger width
the same as the clearance gap width.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile Via -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Via-syntax"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Thermal-syntax">Thermal syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">8.8.28 Via</h4>
<!-- ./../src/parse_y.y 492 -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Via [X Y Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" SFlags]
Via (X Y Thickness Clearance Mask Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness Clearance Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness Drill "Name" NFlags)
Via (X Y Thickness "Name" NFlags)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<dl>
<dt><var>X Y</var><dd>coordinates of center
<br><dt><var>Thickness</var><dd>outer diameter of copper annulus
<br><dt><var>Clearance</var><dd>add to thickness to get clearance diameter
<br><dt><var>Mask</var><dd>diameter of solder mask opening
<br><dt><var>Drill</var><dd>diameter of drill
<br><dt><var>Name</var><dd>string, name of via (vias have names?)
<br><dt><var>SFlags</var><dd>symbolic or numerical flags
<br><dt><var>NFlags</var><dd>numerical flags only
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ~objectflags -->
<!-- ./../src/const.h 100 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Object-Flags"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PCBFlags">PCBFlags</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.9 Object Flags</h3>
<p>Note that object flags can be given numerically (like <code>0x0147</code>)
or symbolically (like <code>"found,showname,square"</code>. Some numeric
values are reused for different object types. The table below lists
the numeric value followed by the symbolic name.
<dl>
<dt><code>0x0001 pin</code><dd>If set, this object is a pin. This flag is for internal use only.
<br><dt><code>0x0002 via</code><dd>Likewise, for vias.
<br><dt><code>0x0004 found</code><dd>If set, this object has been found by <code>FindConnection()</code>.
<br><dt><code>0x0008 hole</code><dd>For pins and vias, this flag means that the pin or via is a hole
without a copper annulus.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 rat</code><dd>If set for a line, indicates that this line is a rat line instead of a
copper trace.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 pininpoly</code><dd>For pins and pads, this flag is used internally to indicate that the
pin or pad overlaps a polygon on some layer.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 clearpoly</code><dd>For polygons, this flag means that pins and vias will normally clear
these polygons (thus, thermals are required for electrical
connection). When clear, polygons will solidly connect to pins and
vias.
<br><dt><code>0x0010 hidename</code><dd>For elements, when set the name of the element is hidden.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 showname</code><dd>For elements, when set the names of pins are shown.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 clearline</code><dd>For lines and arcs, the line/arc will clear polygons instead of
connecting to them.
<br><dt><code>0x0020 fullpoly</code><dd>For polygons, the full polygon is drawn (i.e. all parts instead of only the biggest one).
<br><dt><code>0x0040 selected</code><dd>Set when the object is selected.
<br><dt><code>0x0080 onsolder</code><dd>For elements and pads, indicates that they are on the solder side.
<br><dt><code>0x0080 auto</code><dd>For lines and vias, indicates that these were created by the
autorouter.
<br><dt><code>0x0100 square</code><dd>For pins and pads, indicates a square (vs round) pin/pad.
<br><dt><code>0x0200 rubberend</code><dd>For lines, used internally for rubber band moves.
<br><dt><code>0x0200 warn</code><dd>For pins, vias, and pads, set to indicate a warning.
<br><dt><code>0x0400 usetherm</code><dd>Obsolete, indicates that pins/vias should be drawn with thermal
fingers.
<br><dt><code>0x0400</code><dd>Obsolete, old files used this to indicate lines drawn on silk.
<br><dt><code>0x0800 octagon</code><dd>Draw pins and vias as octagons.
<br><dt><code>0x1000 drc</code><dd>Set for objects that fail DRC.
<br><dt><code>0x2000 lock</code><dd>Set for locked objects.
<br><dt><code>0x4000 edge2</code><dd>For pads, indicates that the second point is closer to the edge. For
pins, indicates that the pin is closer to a horizontal edge and thus
pinout text should be vertical.
<br><dt><code>0x8000 marker</code><dd>Marker used internally to avoid revisiting an object.
<br><dt><code>0x10000 nopaste</code><dd>For pads, set to prevent a solderpaste stencil opening for the
pad. Primarily used for pads used as fiducials.
</dl>
<!-- pcbfile ~pcbflags -->
<!-- ./../src/const.h 139 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="PCBFlags"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Object-Flags">Object Flags</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">8.10 PCBFlags</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>0x00001</code><dd>Pinout displays pin numbers instead of pin names.
<br><dt><code>0x00002</code><dd>Use local reference for moves, by setting the mark at the beginning of
each move.
<br><dt><code>0x00004</code><dd>When set, only polygons and their clearances are drawn, to see if
polygons have isolated regions.
<br><dt><code>0x00008</code><dd>Display DRC region on crosshair.
<br><dt><code>0x00010</code><dd>Do all move, mirror, rotate with rubberband connections.
<br><dt><code>0x00020</code><dd>Display descriptions of elements, instead of refdes.
<br><dt><code>0x00040</code><dd>Display names of elements, instead of refdes.
<br><dt><code>0x00080</code><dd>Auto-DRC flag. When set, PCB doesn't let you place copper that
violates DRC.
<br><dt><code>0x00100</code><dd>Enable 'all-direction' lines.
<br><dt><code>0x00200</code><dd>Switch starting angle after each click.
<br><dt><code>0x00400</code><dd>Force unique names on board.
<br><dt><code>0x00800</code><dd>New lines/arc clear polygons.
<br><dt><code>0x01000</code><dd>Crosshair snaps to pins and pads.
<br><dt><code>0x02000</code><dd>Show the solder mask layer.
<br><dt><code>0x04000</code><dd>Draw with thin lines.
<br><dt><code>0x08000</code><dd>Move items orthogonally.
<br><dt><code>0x10000</code><dd>Draw autoroute paths real-time.
<br><dt><code>0x20000</code><dd>New polygons are full ones.
<br><dt><code>0x40000</code><dd>Names are locked, the mouse cannot select them.
<br><dt><code>0x80000</code><dd>Everything but names are locked, the mouse cannot select anything else.
<br><dt><code>0x100000</code><dd>New polygons are full polygons.
<br><dt><code>0x200000</code><dd>When set, element names are not drawn.
</dl>
<!-- chapter 7 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Library-Creation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">9 Library Creation</h2>
<p><a name="index-library-creation-775"></a>
This chapter provides a detailed look at how footprint libraries are
created and used. The chapter is split into two section, the first
section covers the "old" style libraries which use the <code>m4</code> macro
processor and the second section covers the "new" style libraries.
<p>Despite the names "old" and "new", both styles of libraries are useful
and the "old" style should not be discounted because of its name. The
advantage of the old style libraries is that one can define a family of
footprints, say a DIP package, and then quickly produce all the members
of that family. Because the individual packages make use of a base
definition, corrections made to the base definition propagate to all the
members of a family. The primary drawback to using this library
approach is that the effort to create a single footprint is more than a
graphical interface and may take even longer if the user has not used
the <code>m4</code> macro language previously.
<p>The new style of footprint libraries stores each footprint in its own
file. The footprints are created graphically by placing pads and then
converting a group of pads to a component. This library method has the
advantage of being quick to learn and it is easily to build single
footprints quickly. If you are building a family of parts, however, the
additional effort in creating each one individually makes this approach
undesirable. In addition, creating a part with a large pin count
can be quite tedious when done by hand.
<h3 class="section">9.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries</h3>
<p>The old style libraries for pcb use the <code>m4</code> macro processor to
allow the definition of a family of parts. There are several files
associated with the old style library. The file <span class="file">common.m4</span> is the
top level file associated with the library. <span class="file">common.m4</span> defines a
few utility macros which are used by other portions of the library,
and then includes a predefined set of library files (the lines like
<code>include(geda.inc)</code>).
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.1 Overview of Oldlib Operation</h4>
<p>The big picture view of the old style library system is that the library
is simply a collection of macro definitions. The macros are written in
the <code>m4</code> macro language. An example of a macro and what it expands
to is the following. One of the predefined footprints in the library
which comes with PCB is the <code>PKG_SO8</code> macro. Note that all the
footprint macros begin with <code>PKG_</code>. For this particular example,
<code>PKG_SO8</code> is a macro for an 8-pin small outline surface mount
package. All of the footprint macros take 3 arguments. The first is the
canonical name of the footprint on the board. In this case "SO8" is an
appropriate name. The second argument is the reference designator on
the board such as "U1" or "U23". The third and final argument is the
value. For an integrated circuit this is usually the part number such
as "MAX4107" or "78L05" and for a component such as a resistor or
capacitor it is the resistance or capacitance. The complete call to the
macro in our example is <span class="samp">PKG_SO8(SO8, U1, MAX4107)</span>. When
processed by <code>m4</code> using the macros defined in the PCB library, this
macro expands to
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "SO8" "U1" "MAX4107" 146 50 3 100 0x00)
(
Pad(10 25 38 25 20 "1" 0x00)
Pad(10 75 38 75 20 "2" 0x100)
Pad(10 125 38 125 20 "3" 0x100)
Pad(10 175 38 175 20 "4" 0x100)
Pad(214 175 242 175 20 "5" 0x100)
Pad(214 125 242 125 20 "6" 0x100)
Pad(214 75 242 75 20 "7" 0x100)
Pad(214 25 242 25 20 "8" 0x100)
ElementLine(0 0 151 0 10)
ElementArc(126 0 25 25 0 180 10)
ElementLine(101 0 252 0 10)
ElementLine(252 0 252 200 10)
ElementLine(252 200 0 200 10)
ElementLine(0 200 0 0 10)
Mark(29 25)
)
</pre>
<p>which is the actual definition of the footprint that the PCB program
works with. As a user of PCB the only time you will need or want to run
<code>m4</code> directly is when you are debugging a new library addition. In
normal operation, the calls to <code>m4</code> are made by helper scripts that
come with PCB.
<p>Tools such as <code>gsch2pcb</code> (used to interface the gEDA schematic
capture program to PCB layout) will call <code>m4</code> to produce an initial
PCB layout that includes all the components on a schematic. In
addition, when manually instantiating parts from within PCB, <code>m4</code>
will be called by PCB's helper scripts to produce the footprints.
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.2 The Library Scripts</h4>
<p>There are several scripts that are used for processing the m4
libraries. This section briefly describes these scripts and details how
they are used by PCB.
<h5 class="subsubsection">9.1.2.1 Scripts Used During Compilation</h5>
<p>The scripts described in this section are used during compilation of
PCB. They are run automatically by the build system, but are described
here to help document the complete library processing that occurs.
During the build of PCB, the following actions are taken. The
<code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> script is run to produce an M4 "frozen file".
This frozen file is simply a partially processed M4 input file which can
be loaded by M4 more quickly than the original input file.
<p>A typical call to <code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> used during the compilation of
PCB is:
<pre class="example"> ./CreateLibrary.sh -I . pcblib ./common.m4 TTL_74xx_DIL.m4
connector.m4 crystal.m4 generic.m4 genericsmt.m4 gtag.m4
jerry.m4 linear.m4 logic.m4 lsi.m4 memory.m4 optical.m4 pci.m4
resistor_0.25W.m4 resistor_adjust.m4 resistor_array.m4
texas_inst_amplifier.m4 texas_inst_voltage_reg.m4
transistor.m4 geda.m4
</pre>
<p>The <span class="samp">-I .</span> says to search in the current directory for the
<span class="file">.m4</span> files. The output frozen file is <span class="file">pcblib</span>. The main
<span class="file">common.m4</span> file is listed as well as all of the <span class="file">*.m4</span> files
which define the components in the library.
<p>In addition, a library contents file is created during the build with
the <code>CreateLibraryContents.sh</code> script.
A typical call to <code>CreateLibrary.sh</code> used during the compilation of
PCB is:
<pre class="example"> ./CreateLibraryContents.sh -I . ./common.m4 TTL_74xx_DIL.list
connector.list crystal.list generic.list genericsmt.list gtag.list
jerry.list linear.list logic.list lsi.list memory.list optical.list
pci.list resistor_0.25W.list resistor_adjust.list resistor_array.list
texas_inst_amplifier.list texas_inst_voltage_reg.list transistor.list
geda.list > pcblib.contents
</pre>
<p>The <span class="file">pcblib.contents</span> file is used by the PCB program to define the
libraries and components which will be displayed when you bring up
the library window from within PCB. An example of part of the
<span class="file">pcblib.contents</span> file is:
<pre class="example"> TYPE=~TTL 74xx DIL
7400_dil:N:7400:4 dual-NAND
7401_dil:N:7401:4 dual-NAND OC
7402_dil:N:7402:4 dual-NOR
TYPE=~geda
geda_DIP6:DIP6:DIP6:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_DIP8:DIP8:DIP8:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_DIP14:DIP14:DIP14:Dual in-line package, narrow (300 mil)
geda_ACY300:ACY300:ACY300:Axial non-polar component,
</pre>
<p>The <code>TYPE=</code> lines define the library name that will show up in the
library window in PCB. The other lines define the actual components in
the library.
<h5 class="subsubsection">9.1.2.2 Scripts Used by PCB at Runtime</h5>
<p>When PCB is first executed, it makes a call to the
<code>ListLibraryContents.sh</code> script. This script provides the PCB
program with the contents of the library contents file created when PCB
was compiled. A typical call to <code>ListLibraryContents.sh</code> is
<pre class="example"> ../lib/ListLibraryContents.sh .:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib pcblib
</pre>
<p>This command says to search the path
<span class="samp">.:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib</span> for a file called
<span class="file">pcblib.contents</span> (the <span class="file">.contents</span> part is added
automatically) and display the contents of the file.
PCB parses this output and generates the library window entries.
<p>When you pick a library component from the library window, PCB calls the
<code>QueryLibrary.sh</code> script to actually pull the footprint into the
layout. For example, when the ACY300 component is selected from the
<code>~geda</code> library, the generated call may be:
<pre class="example"> /tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib/QueryLibrary.sh
.:/tmp/pcb-20030903/src/../lib pcblib geda_ACY300 ACY300
ACY300
</pre>
<p>If you were to run this command by hand you would see the PCB code for
the element:
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "Axial non-polar component," "" "ACY300" 245 70 0 100 0x00)
(
Pin(0 25 50 20 "1" 0x101)
Pin(300 25 50 20 "2" 0x01)
ElementLine(0 25 75 25 10)
ElementLine(225 25 300 25 10)
ElementLine(75 0 225 0 10)
ElementLine(225 0 225 50 10)
ElementLine(225 50 75 50 10)
ElementLine(75 50 75 0 10)
# ElementArc(X1 Y 50 50 270 180 10)
# ElementArc(X2 Y 50 50 90 180 10)
Mark(75 25)
)
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.3 Creating an Oldlib Footprint</h4>
<p>This section provides a complete example of defining a family of
footprints using the M4 style library. As a vehicle for this example, a
family of footprints for surface mount resistors and capacitors will be
developed. The file <span class="file">example.inc</span> should have been installed on
your system as <span class="file">$prefix/share/examples/oldlib/example.inc</span> where
<span class="file">$prefix</span> is often times <span class="file">/usr/local</span>.
<p>The <span class="file">example.inc</span> file defines a macro called
<code>COMMON_PKG_RCSMT</code> which is a generic definition for a surface
mount footprint with two identical, rectangular pads. This macro will
be called with different parameters to fill out the family of parts.
The arguments to the <code>COMMON_PKG_RCSMT</code> are:
<pre class="example"> # -------------------------------------------------------------------
# the definition for surface mount resistors and capacitors
# $1: canonical name
# $2: name on PCB
# $3: value
# $4: pad width (in direction perpendicular to part)
# $5: pad length (in direction parallel with part)
# $6: pad spacing (center to center)
# $7: distance from edge of pad to silk (in direction
# perpendicular to part)
# $8: distance from edge of pad to silk (in direction parallel
# with part)
# $9: Set to "no" to skip silk screen on the sides of the part
</pre>
<pre class="example"> define(`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT',
`define(`XMIN', `eval( -1*`$6'/2 - `$5'/2 - `$8')')
define(`XMAX', `eval( `$6'/2 + `$5'/2 + `$8')')
define(`YMIN', `eval(-1*`$4'/2 - `$7')')
define(`YMAX', `eval( `$4'/2 + `$7')')
Element(0x00 "$1" "$2" "$3" eval(XMIN+20) eval(YMAX+20) 0 100 0x00)
(
ifelse(0, eval($4>$5),
# Pads which have the perpendicular pad dimension less
# than or equal to the parallel pad dimension
Pad(eval(-1*( $6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0
eval((-1*$6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0 eval($4) "1" 0x100)
Pad(eval(-1*(-1*$6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0
eval(( $6 + $5 - $4)/2) 0 eval($4) "2" 0x100)
,
# Pads which have the perpendicular pad dimension greater
# than or equal to the parallel pad dimension
Pad(eval(-1*$6/2) eval(-1*($4 - $5)/2)
eval(-1*$6/2) eval(($4 - $5)/2) eval($5) "1" 0x100)
Pad(eval( $6/2) eval(-1*($4 - $5)/2)
eval( $6/2) eval(($4 - $5)/2) eval($5) "2" 0x100)
)
# silk screen
# ends
ElementLine(XMIN YMIN XMIN YMAX 10)
ElementLine(XMAX YMAX XMAX YMIN 10)
# sides
ifelse($9,"no",
#skip side silk
,
ElementLine(XMIN YMIN XMAX YMIN 10)
ElementLine(XMAX YMAX XMIN YMAX 10)
)
Mark(0 0)
)')
</pre>
<p>Note that the part has been defined with the mark located at
<code>(0,0)</code> and that the pads have been placed with the mark at the
common centroid of the footprint. While not a requirement, this is
highly desirable when developing a library that will need to interface
with a pick and place machine used for factory assembly of a board.
<p>The final part of <span class="file">example.inc</span> defines particular versions of the
generic footprint we have created. These particular versions correspond
to various industry standard package sizes.
<pre class="example"> # 0402 package
#
# 30x30 mil pad, 15 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 15 + 15 + 15 = 45 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC0402',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 30, 30, 45, 0, 10, "no")')
# 0603 package
#
# 40x40 mil pad, 30 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 30 + 20 + 20 = 70 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC0603',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 40, 40, 70, 10, 10)')
# 1206 package
#
# 40x60 mil pad, 90 mil metal-metal spacing=>
# 90 + 20 + 20 = 130 center-to-center
define(`PKG_RC1206',
`COMMON_PKG_RCSMT(`$1', `$2', `$3', 60, 40, 130, 10, 10)')
</pre>
<p>At this point, the <span class="file">example.inc</span> file could be used by third party
tools such as <code>gsch2pcb</code>. However to fully integrate our
footprints into PCB we need to create the <span class="file">example.m4</span> and
<span class="file">example.list</span> files. The <span class="file">example.m4</span> file defines
descriptions for the new footprints.
<pre class="example"> define(`Description_my_RC0402',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0402)'')
define(`Description_my_RC0603',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0603)'')
define(`Description_my_RC1206',
``Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (1206)'')
</pre>
<p>Finally we need to create the <span class="file">example.list</span> file.
<pre class="example"> my_RC0402:RC0402:RES0402
my_RC0402:RC0402:CAP0402
my_RC0603:RC0603:RES0603
my_RC0603:RC0603:CAP0603
my_RC1206:RC1206:RES1206
my_RC1206:RC1206:CAP1206
</pre>
<p>The first field in the list file has the name corresponding to the
Description definitions in <span class="file">example.m4</span>. The second field is the
template name which corresponds to the macros <code>PKG_*</code> we defined in
<span class="file">example.inc</span> with the leading <code>PKG_</code> removed. It is the
second field which controls what footprint will actually appear on the
board. The final
field is the name of the part type on the board. The first line in our
<span class="file">example.list</span> file will produce a menu entry in the library window
that reads:
<pre class="example"> CAP0402, Standard SMT resistor/capacitor (0402)
</pre>
<p>The <code>CAP0402</code> portion comes directly from the third field in
<code>example.list</code> and the longer description comes from descriptions
macros in <code>example.m4</code>. Please note that any extra white space
at the end of a line in the <span class="file">.list</span> files will cause them to
not work properly.
<h4 class="subsection">9.1.4 Troubleshooting Old Style Libraries</h4>
<p>A powerful technique to help debug problems with libraries is to invoke
the <code>m4</code> processor directly. This approach will provide error
output which is not visible from within PCB. The following example
shows how one might try to debug an 8 pin small outline (SO8) package. The
macro name for the package is PKG_SO8. In this example, the
canonical name that is to be associated with the part is SO8, the
reference designator is U1, and the value is MAX4107 (the part number).
<pre class="example"> echo "PKG_SO8(SO8, U1, MAX4107)" | \
gm4 common.m4 - | \
awk '/^[ \t]*$/ {next} {print}' | \
more
</pre>
<p>The <code>awk</code> call simply removes blank lines which make the output
hard to read.
<p>For this particular example, the output is:
<pre class="example"> Element(0x00 "SO8" "U1" "MAX4107" 146 50 3 100 0x00)
(
Pad(10 25 38 25 20 "1" 0x00)
Pad(10 75 38 75 20 "2" 0x100)
Pad(10 125 38 125 20 "3" 0x100)
Pad(10 175 38 175 20 "4" 0x100)
Pad(214 175 242 175 20 "5" 0x100)
Pad(214 125 242 125 20 "6" 0x100)
Pad(214 75 242 75 20 "7" 0x100)
Pad(214 25 242 25 20 "8" 0x100)
ElementLine(0 0 151 0 10)
ElementArc(126 0 25 25 0 180 10)
ElementLine(101 0 252 0 10)
ElementLine(252 0 252 200 10)
ElementLine(252 200 0 200 10)
ElementLine(0 200 0 0 10)
Mark(29 25)
)
</pre>
<h3 class="section">9.2 New Style Libraries</h3>
<p>Footprints for the new style library are created graphically using the
PCB program. A single footprint is saved in each file.
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 Creating Newlib Footprints</h4>
<p>To create
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Start PCB with an empty layout.
<li>Make the component layer active.
<li>For a leaded part, select the via tool and place vias where the
pads for the part should go. For surface mount pads, draw line
segments. Note that until the footprint is completed, the surface
mount pads will remain rounded. Currently a rectangle or polygon
may not be used as a pad.
<li>For each via and line segment which will become a pad, select it
and press 'n' to be able to enter a name. Enter
the pin number and press enter.
<li>Make the silk layer active.
<li>Using the line and arc tools, draw a silk screen outline for the
part.
<li>Using the selection tool, select all of the pins and silk screen
for the part.
<li>Place the pointer above the reference point for the part. This is
typically the common centroid. Keeping the pointer there, shift-right-click
to bring up the popup menu and choose "convert
selection to element".
<li>At this point, the vias, line segments, and silk screen will have
been converted to an element. To change any of the line segments to
have square ends rather than round ends, select the pads by holding
down the shift key and clicking each pad with the center mouse button.
Now under the Select menu, "Change square-flag of selected objects"
section, choose "Pins".
<li>Select the element, shift-right-click to bring up the popup menu, and
choose "Copy Selection to Buffer". Now left-click on the center of
the new element.
<li>Under the buffer menu, choose "save buffer elements to file" to
save the new footprint to a file.
<li>Press ESC to exit from buffer mode.
</ol>
<h4 class="subsection">9.2.2 Modifying Newlib Footprints</h4>
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>In the <code>Pcb</code> program, instantiate the footprint you wish to modify.
<li>Using the selection tool, select the footprint.
<li>Now left-click on the selected element, this brings up a popup menu, choose
"Cut Selection to Buffer" from the popup menu.
<li>Under the buffer menu, choose "break buffer element to pieces",
and then left-click to place the broken apart footprint to an open area of
the layout. Note that you must use the items under the buffer menu, the
items with the same names in the popup menu do not work.
<li>Make your desired modifications to the footprint and then convert
the pieces back to an element using the same procedure as when starting
from scratch on a new footprint.
</ol>
<!-- chapter 8 - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Schematic-Frontends"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="chapter">10 Schematic Capture for PCB</h2>
<p><a name="index-schematic-capture-776"></a><a name="index-schematic-frontend-777"></a>
When designing a circuit board of any complexity, a schematic capture
front-end for the design is highly desired. Any schematic capture
program which is able to generate a netlist in a user defined format as
well as a bill of materials can be made to work with PCB. Currently, we
are aware of two freely available schematic capture programs which can
interface with PCB. This chapter shows how a design can be taken from
start to finish using either of these two tools for schematic capture
and PCB for layout.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#gEDA">gEDA</a>: Interfacing with GNU EDA (gEDA).
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a>: Interfacing with xcircuit.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gEDA"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">10.1 gEDA</h3>
<p><a name="index-gschem_002c-how-to-interface-with-778"></a><a name="index-gEDA_002c-how-to-interface-with-779"></a>
This section shows how to use gEDA as the schematic capture front-end for
a PCB design. This section is not intended to be complete documentation
on gEDA and it is assumed that the user has at least some familiarity
with the gEDA suite of programs.
<p>The basic steps in a gEDA + PCB design flow are:
<ol type=1 start=1>
<li>Set up project directories
<li>Set up gEDA (gschem/gnetlist) config files
<li>Set up gsch2pcb config files
<li>Capture schematics using <code>gschem</code> (part of gEDA)
<li>Create any unique PCB footprints needed for the design
<li>Generate initial PCB design using <code>gsch2pcb</code> (part of gEDA)
<li>Layout circuit board using <code>pcb</code>
<li>Make any additional schematic changes with <code>gschem</code> and
forward annotate to PCB with <code>gsch2pcb</code>
<li>Generate photoplot files (RS-274X, also known as "Gerber") for
board vendor
</ol>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.1 Set Up Project Directories</h4>
<p>Although not required, a typical project directory will contain the
schematics and board layout at the top level.
Schematic symbols and circuit board footprints which are unique to this
project are stored in subdirectories. For this example, <span class="file">sym</span>
contains the project specific schematic symbols and <span class="file">pkg</span> contains
the project specific footprints. Set up the project subdirectory and
subdirectories by executing:
<pre class="example"> mkdir ~/myproj
cd ~/myproj
mkdir sym
mkdir pkg
mkdir pkg/newlib
mkdir pkg/m4
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.2 Set Up gEDA Config Files</h4>
<p>The gEDA tools, specifically <code>gschem</code> and <code>gnetlist</code>, use
configuration files to set the search path for symbol libraries in
addition to other user preferences. Create a file in the top level
project directory called <span class="file">gschemrc</span>. Add the following lines to
that file:
<pre class="example">
;; list libraries here. Order matters as it sets the
;; search order
(component-library "./sym")
</pre>
<p>This sets the local search path for the schematic capture program
<code>gschem</code>. Now the netlister, <code>gnetlist</code>, must also be
configured. This can be done by copying the file <span class="file">gschemrc</span> to
<span class="file">gnetlistrc</span> by running <span class="samp">cp gschemrc gnetlistrc</span>.
Alternatively, you can create a soft link so only a single file needs to
be updated if additional symbol paths are added. The link is created by
running <span class="samp">ln -s gschemrc gnetlistrc</span>.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.3 Set Up <code>gsch2pcb</code> Config Files</h4>
<p>The program <code>gsch2pcb</code>, not to be confused with the older
<code>gschem2pcb</code> script, is used to link the schematic to layout.
<code>gsch2pcb</code> is responsible for creating the netlist used to provide
connectivity information to PCB as well creating an initial layout with
all components instantiated in the design. Forward annotation of
schematic changes to the layout is also done using <code>gsch2pcb</code>.
<code>gsch2pcb</code> uses a project file to set up the schematic file names,
PCB library locations, and output file names. Create a project file
called <span class="file">project</span> using the following as an example:
<pre class="example">
# List all the schematics to be netlisted
# and laid out on the pc board.
schematics first.sch second.sch third.sch
# For an output-name of foo, gsch2pcb generates files
# foo.net, foo.pcb, and foo.new.pcb. If there is no
# output-name specified, the file names are derived from
# the first listed schematic, i.e. first.net, etc.
output-name preamp
</pre>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.4 Capture Schematics Using <code>gschem</code></h4>
<p>This section is fairly brief and assumes familiarity with using the
<code>gschem</code> schematic capture program. As you are creating your
schematics, be sure to observe the following rules:
<ul>
<li>Make sure that each component in the schematic has a
<code>footprint</code> attribute that corresponds to a footprint in the PCB
library or a footprint you plan on creating.
<li>Make sure all reference designators are unique. One way to ensure
this is to run the <code>refdes_renum</code> script (part of gEDA) after the
schematics are created.
</ul>
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.5 Create Any Unique PCB Footprints</h4>
<p>Create the new footprints you design needs using either the m4 style or
newlib style of PCB libraries. Refer to <a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a> for details on this
process. For m4 style footprints, store them in the <span class="file">pkg/m4</span>
subdirectory and for newlib footprints, store them in the
<span class="file">pkg/newlib</span> subdirectory.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.6 Generate Initial PCB Design Using <code>gsch2pcb</code></h4>
<p>The <code>gsch2pcb</code> program connects the schematic and layout. It basic
operation is to call <code>gnetlist</code> to generate the connectivity
netlist that PCB used to verify connectivity and to instantiate all
elements found in the schematic to a new layout.
The default, as of <code>gsch2pcb</code> version 0.9, is to use any found m4
style parts first and then search for newlib style if no old style part
was found. By using the <code>--use-files</code> or <code>-f</code> flag to <code>gsch2pcb</code>
priority is given to newlib style parts even if m4 style are found. You
may wish to verify this in the <code>gsch2pcb</code> documentation in case
this changes in the future.
To start your layout,
run <span class="samp">gsch2pcb project</span> where <span class="file">project</span> is the project file
created previously. This will create a new netlist file,
<span class="file">preamp.net</span>, and a new layout file, <span class="file">preamp.pcb</span>.
<h4 class="subsection">10.1.7 Layout Circuit Board</h4>
<p>Run PCB on the new layout by running <span class="samp">pcb preamp.pcb</span>.
Load the netlist file by selecting "load netlist file" from the "file"
menu. In the file selection dialog box, choose <span class="file">preamp.net</span>. This
loads connectivity information into PCB.
<p>Using the selection tool, grab and move apart the various footprints
with the middle mouse button. Once the parts are moved apart from each
other, choose "optimize rats-nest" from the "Connects" menu. This menu
choice will display and optimize the rats nest. Use the rats nest to
help guide placement of the parts. You may wish to re-run the "optimize
rats-nest" command after moving parts around.
<p>After the placement is complete, use the line tool to add traces to the
board. As traces are added, the corresponding rats line will disappear.
<h3 class="section">10.2 Forward Annotation of Schematic Changes</h3>
<p>If schematic changes are made after the layout has started,
<code>gsch2pcb</code> can be used to forward annotate these changes to the
layout. To forward annotate schematic changes, run <span class="samp">gsch2pcb
project</span>. This command will create the files <span class="file">preamp.new.pcb</span>,
<span class="file">preamp.net</span>, and modify the file <span class="file">preamp.pcb</span>. The
modifications to <span class="file">preamp.pcb</span> include forward annotation of
schematic component value changes, adds any new components, and removes
any deleted components.
<h4 class="subsection">10.2.1 Generate Photoplot Files (RS-274X)</h4>
<p>After the layout is complete, choose "edit layer-groupings" from the
"Settings" menu. The LayerGroups form lets you specify which layers
will appear in each output layer group. For example, in the default
form, layer group 1 has "front" and "front side" in it. The
output file <span class="file">1.gbr</span> if DOS file names are used, or
<span class="file">somename_front.gbr</span> if long file names are used will contain the
"front" and "front side" layers in it. Usually the defaults are
sufficient, but this form is still a useful reference.
<p>Choose "print layout..." from the "File" menu. In the print dialog box,
select "Gerber/RS-274X" for the device
driver. Select the "outline", "alignment", and "drillhelper" options.
To get DOS compatible file names, select the "DOS (8.3) names" option,
otherwise enter "preamp" for the filename. Press "OK".
<p>The following output files should have been created in the project directory.
The names in parentheses correspond to the DOS compatible output file names.
<dl>
<dt><span class="file">preamp_frontsilk.gbr (csilk.gbr)</span><dd>Top side silk screen.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_frontmask.gbr (cmask.gbr)</span><dd>Top side soldermask relief.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_front.gbr (1.gbr)</span><dd>Top copper.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_backmask.gbr (smask.gbr)</span><dd>Bottom side soldermask relief.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_back.gbr (2.gbr)</span><dd>Bottom Copper.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_fab.gbr (fab.gbr)</span><dd>Fabrication drawing. Also known as the drill drawing. This drawing is
used for reference by the board vendor but is not directly used in the
fabrication process.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_plated-drill.cnc (pdrill.cnc)</span><dd>NC Drill format file for the plated through holes.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_unplated-drill.cnc (udrill.cnc)</span><dd>NC Drill format file for the unplated through holes.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_bom.txt (bom.txt)</span><dd>A bill of materials for the layout.
<br><dt><span class="file">preamp_xy.txt (xy.txt)</span><dd>Centroid (X-Y) data for driving automated assembly equipment.
</dl>
<!-- to include an image: -->
<!-- @image{geda1, 6in, 4in, geda schematic, png} -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="xcircuit"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gEDA">gEDA</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">10.3 xcircuit</h3>
<p><a name="index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-780"></a><a name="index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-781"></a>
If anyone cares to contribute this section, it will get added. Please
submit changes to the bug tracking system at the sourceforge project
page for PCB which can be found from the PCB homepage at
<a href="http://pcb.sourceforge.net">http://pcb.sourceforge.net</a>.
<!-- Appendix A - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Installation"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Installation and Troubleshooting</h2>
<p>Compiling and installing the package should be straightforward. If any problems
occur, please contact the author <a href="mailto:Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de">Thomas.Nau@rz.uni-ulm.de</a>, or the
current maintainer <a href="mailto:haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu">haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu</a> to find
a solution and include it into the next release.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#compiling">compiling</a>: Compiling and installing.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#problems">problems</a>: Troubleshooting.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="compiling"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#problems">problems</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">A.1 Compiling and Installing</h3>
<p><a name="index-install_002c-how-to-782"></a><a name="index-compile_002c-how-to-783"></a>
This section covers the steps which are necessary to compile the package.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#quickstart">quickstart</a>: Quick start.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#running-configure">running configure</a>: Customizing Pcb with Configure
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="quickstart"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#running-configure">running configure</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#compiling">compiling</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.1.1 Quick Start</h4>
<p><a name="index-GNU-build-system-784"></a>
Starting with version 2.0, <code>Pcb</code> has switched to a GNU
autoconf/automake build system. Installation of <code>Pcb</code> consists of
three steps: configuration, building, and installing.
In a typical installation, these steps are as simple as
<pre class="example"> ./configure
make
make install
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="running-configure"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#quickstart">quickstart</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#compiling">compiling</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.1.2 Running the configure Script</h4>
<p><a name="index-GNU-configure-script-785"></a><a name="index-configure-786"></a>
The <code>configure</code> script accepts all of the standard GNU configure
options. For a complete list of configuration options, run
<code>./configure --help</code>.
<a name="index-INFOLIBDIR-787"></a>
<dl><dt><span class="samp">INFOLIBDIR</span><dd>must be set to the directory where your GNU info files are located.
<p><a name="index-PCBLIBDIR-788"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">PCBLIBDIR</span><dd>is the path of a directory where the font files will be installed.
<p><a name="index-DEFAULTFONT-789"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DEFAULTFONT</span><dd>the name of the default font file.
<p><a name="index-DEFAULTLIBRARY-790"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">DEFAULTLIBRARY</span><dd>the name of the default library.
<p><a name="index-GNUM4-791"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">GNUM4</span><dd>the name of GNUs m4 version.
<p><a name="index-BTNMOD-792"></a><br><dt><span class="samp">BTNMOD</span><dd>If your window manager has already bound <em>Mod1</em> together with some
function keys you may want to change this setting. This is true for HP-VUE.
</dl>
<p>If you find things which must be changed to compile on your system,
please add the appropriate autoconf tests (if you are familiar with
that) and mail a copy to the maintainer, harry eaton, at
<a href="mailto:haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu">haceaton@aplcomm.jhuapl.edu</a>.
<p>If you do not have the appropriate permissions you should run
<span class="file">./pcbtest.sh</span> in the <span class="file">src</span> directory to run <code>Pcb</code> from
the installation directory.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="problems"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#compiling">compiling</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">A.2 Troubleshooting</h3>
<p><a name="index-problems-793"></a><a name="index-troubleshooting-794"></a>
There are some known problems. Most of them are related to
missing parts of a standard <code>X11</code> distribution. Some others are caused by
third party applications such as <code>X</code> servers. To make this list more
complete please mail your problems and, if available, solutions to the author.
The mail address may be found at the beginning of this chapter.
In any case, read <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<p>By the way, you <code>MUST HAVE AN ANSI COMPILER</code> to make <code>Pcb</code> work.
<p>Another source of problems are older versions of <code>flex</code> and <code>bison</code>.
<code>Pcb</code> definitely works with <code>flex-2.4.7</code> and <code>bison-1.22</code> or
later. The problems will result in a <em>syntax error</em> while parsing files.
This should only be a problem if you have modified the <code>flex</code> or
<code>bison</code> input files.
<p>The following list gives you just an idea because I'm not able to test
all <code>Pcb</code> releases on all platforms.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#HP">HP</a>: Hewlett-Packard series 700 and 800 running HP-UX 10.*
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Sun">Sun</a>: Sun, Solaris 2.5
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#SGI">SGI</a>: SGI, IRIX 5.3 and 6.*
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>: DEC Alpha, DEC UNIX 3.2c and 4.0
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#SCO">SCO</a>: SCO Unix ODT 3.0, PC hardware
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Linux">Linux</a>: Linux 0.99pl14 and later
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#BSD">BSD</a>: FreeBSD, NetBSD ...
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#X11">X11</a>: Refers to <code>X11R4</code>, <code>X11R5</code>, and <code>OpenWindows</code>
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a>: Problems creating the <span class="file">pcb.dvi</span>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="HP"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sun">Sun</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.1 HP Series 700 and 800</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-795"></a><a name="index-HP-796"></a><a name="index-Hewlett-Packard-797"></a>
You have to install several <code>X11</code> include files
or, better, install a complete <code>X11R5</code> release. Hewlett-Packard doesn't
support the Athena Widgets. So the header files and libraries are missing
from the application media, but they are available as a patch.
They also do not ship the <code>ANSI</code> compiler with the normal operating
system release so you have to buy one or use <code>GCC</code>.
Some of the tools are available as patches.
<p>In addition, <code>Pcb</code> has been successfully tested on these platforms with
<code>HPUX 9.*, 10.*</code> running self-compiled <code>X11R5</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Sun"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SGI">SGI</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#HP">HP</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.2 Sun SPARC architecture</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-798"></a><a name="index-Sun-799"></a><a name="index-Solaris-800"></a><a name="index-OpenWindows-801"></a>
There are no known problems with Sun machines if they use <code>X11R5</code> instead
of <code>OpenWindows</code>. <code>Pcb</code> compiled successfully with all kinds of
SPARCstations <code>Solaris-2.[345]</code>.
<p>For problems with <code>OpenWindows</code> refer to <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SGI"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sun">Sun</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.3 Silicon Graphics</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-802"></a><a name="index-Silicon-Graphics-803"></a><a name="index-SGI-804"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> has been tested on some boxes running either <code>IRIX-4.0.5</code> or
<code>IRIX-5.3</code>. The former one uses a <code>X11R4</code> server.
There are no problems.
For known problems
with <code>X11R4</code>, see <a href="#X11">X11</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DEC-Alpha"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SCO">SCO</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SGI">SGI</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.4 DEC Alpha</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-805"></a><a name="index-DEC-806"></a><a name="index-Alpha-807"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> compiled and runs without problems on <code>DEC UNIX V3.2c</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SCO"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Linux">Linux</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.5 SCO Unix</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-808"></a><a name="index-SCO-809"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-810"></a>
John DuBois <spcecdt@deeptht.armory.com> wrote:
<pre class="example"> <code>SCO-ODT-3.0</code> requires the latest version of tls003, the Athena
widget library (available from sosco.sco.com). The main problems
I have encountered are it core dumps fairly often, especially
while loading/dropping elements...
</pre>
<p>I'll see what I am able to do as soon as I have access to an <code>SCO</code> system.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Linux"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BSD">BSD</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SCO">SCO</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.6 Linux</h4>
<p><a name="index-architecture-811"></a><a name="index-Linux-812"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-813"></a>
Since the <code>X11</code> version of <code>Pcb</code> has been developed on a Linux
system here are no known problems.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="BSD"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#X11">X11</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Linux">Linux</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.7 FreeBSD and NetBSD</h4>
<p><a name="index-FreeBSD-814"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-815"></a><a name="index-PC-UNIX-816"></a>
<code>Pcb</code> has been tested on NetBSD and works without any problems.
You may also be able to find a NetBSD package at
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/cad/pcb/README.html">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/cad/pcb/README.html</a> or a
FreeBSD port at
<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/cad/pcb/pkg-descr">http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/cad/pcb/pkg-descr</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="X11"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BSD">BSD</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.8 Problems related to X11</h4>
<p><a name="index-X11_002c-problems-817"></a>
There are a some problems related to <code>X11R4</code> or systems derived from
<code>X11</code> such as <code>OpenWindows</code>. See <a href="#Sun">Sun</a>. You at least have to change
all occurances of <em>baseTranslations</em> in the resource files to
<em>translations</em> if you are using a <code>X11R4</code> server. Look at the
<code>X11R5</code> <em>Intrinsics</em> manual for details.
<p>The panner widget (print dialog box) appears only in release <code>X11R5</code> and
later. It really simplifies adjusting the offsets.
With earlier releases the printout will always appear in the center of the
page.
<p>You may have some problems in a mixed <code>X11-OpenWindows</code>
environment.
<p><code>Pcb</code> has been tested successfully with <code>X11R6</code> under Linux 1.1.59
and later.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="TeX-and-Manuals"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#X11">X11</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#problems">problems</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">A.2.9 Problems related to TeX</h4>
<p><a name="index-TeX_002c-problems-818"></a>
If your <code>TeX</code> installation complains about a missing <span class="file">texinfo.tex</span>
file copy the one included in this release (directory <span class="file">doc</span>
to your <code>TeX</code> macro directory.
Note, there are probably newer versions of this file available from some
FTP sites.
<code>TeX-3.0</code> failed, <code>TeX-3.14</code> worked just fine. Check our FTP server
<em>ftp.uni-ulm.de</em> for ready-to-print versions of the manuals.
<!-- Appendix B - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Custom-Menus"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B Customizing the Menus</h2>
<p>The menu system is driven off a data file that contains
<dfn>resources</dfn>. A resource is a hierarchical description of a data
tree which, in this case, is mapped to the hierarchical menus used by
Pcb.
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>: What a resource file looks like.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>: Using a resource to define a menu.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>: Where Pcb looks for its menu resource.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Resource-Syntax"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.1 Resource Syntax</h3>
<p>A resource file is a simple text file. It contains curly braces to
group things, spaces between things, and double quotes when strings
need to include spaces. There are four fundamental ways of adding
data to a resource.
<p>First, a string (either a single word or a quoted string with spaces,
we call both “strings” in this appendix) can be added all by itself,
to add a string resource to the current resource. This is used, for
example, to define the string printed on a menu button. In this
example, four strings are added to the <var>File</var> resource:
<pre class="example"> File = {
Sample
"longer sample"
some text
}
</pre>
<p>Second, a named string may be added by giving two strings separated by
an equals sign. This is used to specify X resources and a few other
optional parameters of menus, for example. Note that a string all by
itself is thus an “unnamed” string.
<pre class="example"> {"Layer groups" foreground=red sensitive=false}
</pre>
<p>Third, an unnamed subresource may be added. This is used to create
submenus and menu buttons. To add a subresource, simply group other
things in curly braces. This example describes a resource containing
one string and three subresources:
<pre class="example"> {File
{New do_new()}
{Save do_save()}
{Quit do_quit()}
}
</pre>
<p>Lastly, a named subresource may be added by prefixing an unnamed
subresource with a string and an equals sign, just as when naming
strings. This syntax is used to name the resources used for the main
menu and popup menus:
<pre class="example"> MainMenu = {
...
}
</pre>
<p>Additionally, the menu parser allows for “hooks” whereby portions of
the menu system can be programmatically created at runtime by the
application. These hooks are invoked by a single word proceeded by an
at sign, such as this example where most of the Sizes menu is created
automatically:
<pre class="example"> {Sizes
@sizes
{"Adjust active sizes ..." AdjustStyle(0)}
}
</pre>
<p>In addition to all that, any unquoted pound sign (<code>#</code>) begins a
comment. Commented text continues until the end of the containing
line. Comments may begin at the beginning of a line, or after other
text on the line:
<pre class="example"> # This is a comment
MainMenu = { # This is also a comment
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Menu-Definitions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Resource-Syntax">Resource Syntax</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.2 Menu Definitions</h3>
<p>To best understand this section, you should find the
<span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span> file that your Pcb uses and refer to it for
examples (see <a href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">Menu Files and Defaults</a>).
<p>A resource defines a menu when it meets certain semantic requirements.
The menu hierarchy is reflected as a hierarchy of unnamed
subresources, with the first string of each subresource defining the
label used for the menu button. A subresource that itself contains
subresources becomes a submenu, a subresource that does not becomes a
button.
<p>A submenu should only contain subresources for the buttons or submenus
within that submenu. Two exceptions are allowed: an initial string
sets the label, and the string “-” (a single dash) will create a
separator.
<p>A button should not contain subresources, but will contain many
strings, named and unnamed. The first member shall be an unnamed
string which is the label for the button. Any other unnamed strings
within the button's resource will be used as actions (much like the
.Xdefaults action strings), which are functions that will be called
when the button is pressed (or popped up, or created, depending on the
action). As a convenience, if a left parenthesis is seen, the current
“word” will continue at least until the matching right parenthesis.
This allows you to pass strings with spaces as arguments to actions
without needing to quote the action.
<p>Named resources in button resources will be used as X resources. Such
resources can be used to set the font, color, and spacing of buttons.
As a convenience, “fg” can be used as an abbreviation for “foreground”.
<p>Within the menu's resource file, Pcb will look for a few key named
subresources. At the moment, the only one it looks for is one called
<code>MainMenu</code>. This will be used for the main menu bar. In the
future, other named subresources will be used for popup resources.
<p>Given all this, a small sample <span class="file">pcb-menu.res</span> would be:
<pre class="example"> MainMenu = {
{File
{"Load layout" Load(Layout)}
-
{"Quit Program" Quit() fg=red font=10x20}
}
}
</pre>
<p>Within the Pcb sources are specially crafted comments that mark all
the actions, flags, menu hooks, and whatnot that Pcb offers. Read the
file <span class="file">src/gather-actions</span> in the Pcb source tree for
documentation for these comments.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Menu-Files-and-Defaults"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Menu-Definitions">Menu Definitions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">B.3 Menu Files and Defaults</h3>
<p>Pcb will look for a file which defines its menus, trying the following
names:
<pre class="example"> ./pcb-menu.res
$HOME/.pcb-menu.res
$PCBLIBDIR/pcb-menu.res
<internal>
</pre>
<p>Note that <var>pcblibdir</var> defaults to <span class="file">/usr/local/share/pcb</span>
(hence, <span class="file">/usr/local/share/pcb/pcb-menu.res</span>). The
<span class="file"><internal></span> entry refers to a menu definition within the Pcb
application itself. The master file for all this is the file
<span class="file">src/pcb-menu.res</span> in the Pcb source tree. This master source is
used to create the internal menu definition as well as being installed
in <span class="file">$pcblibdir</span>.
<p>You can view the internal menu definition (the default) by running
<span class="file">pcb</span> with the <code>-dumpmenu</code> option, like this:
<pre class="example"> pcb -dumpmenu
</pre>
<!-- Appendix C - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Regular-Expressions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Custom-Menus">Custom Menus</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix C Element Search/Regular Expressions</h2>
<p><a name="index-Element-Search-819"></a><a name="index-Regular-Expressions-820"></a><a name="index-Element-Search-821"></a><a name="index-Regular-Expressions-822"></a>
<h3 class="section">C.1 Element Search/Regular Expressions</h3>
<p><code>Pcb</code>'s search is based on POSIX 1003.2 Regular Expressions. Full POSIX
Regular Expressions are supported by <code>Pcb</code> if the regex library was
available when <code>Pcb</code> was built. One difference from the regular
expressions found in tools like awk or grep is that PCB implicitly
adds a “^” to the begining of a regular expression and “$” to the
end of the regular expression. For example if you enter “C1”, the
actual regular expression used internally is “^C1$”.
It is easier to show by example how to search than explain POSIX 1003.2. The following table shows the most common
Regular Expression characters used to find elements in <code>Pcb</code>:
<dl>
<dt><span class="samp">\</span><dd>Indicates next character should not be interpreted literally if it
normally is, and should be interpreted literally if it normally isn't.
<br><dt><span class="samp">*</span><dd>Matches 0 or more instances of preceding character.
<br><dt><span class="samp">+</span><dd>Matches 1 or more instances of preceding character.
<br><dt><span class="samp">?</span><dd>Matches 0 or 1 instances of preceding character.
<br><dt><span class="samp">.</span><dd>Matches any single character other than the newline character.
</dl>
<p>The following examples illustrate how regular expressions are used to
specify element names (reference designators) to search for.
<dl>
<dt><span class="samp">Search for the element whose name is exactly ``C1''.</span><dd>Enter “C1”.
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for all elements that start with ``C'', such as capacitors:</span><dd>Enter “C.*”.
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for all elements that start with ``C'' and end with ``1'', such as ``C1'', or ``C51'':</span><dd>Enter “C.*1”.
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for only R1 or R10, will not match R100:</span><dd>Enter “R10?”.
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for all parts starting with ``R12'' and ending with the number eight, or eighty-eight etc:</span><dd>Enter “R128+”.
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for all terminal blocks having a one digit designator</span><dd>such as “TB1”, “TB2”, or “TBx”:
"TB.".
<br><dt><span class="samp">Search for all terminal blocks having a two digit designator such as TB21 or TB15:</span><dd>"TB..".
</dl>
<!-- Appendix - drill sizes - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Standard-Drill-Sizes"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix D Standard Drill Size Tables</h2>
<p><a name="index-drill-sizes_002c-list-of-standard-823"></a><a name="index-standard-drill-sizes-824"></a>
<h3 class="section">D.1 American Standard Wire Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<!-- $Id$ -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">97 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0059 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">96 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0063 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">95 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0067
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">94 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0071 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">93 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0075 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">92 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0079
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">91 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0083 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">90 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0087 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">89 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0091
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">88 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0095 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">87 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0100 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">86 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0105
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">85 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0110 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">84 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0115 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">83 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0120
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">82 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">81 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">80 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0135
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">79 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0145 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">78 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0160 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">77 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0180
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">76 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0200 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">75 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0210 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">74 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0225
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">73 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0240 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">72 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">71 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0260
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">70 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">69 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0292 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">68 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0310
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">67 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0320 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">66 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0330 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">65 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0350
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0360 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">63 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0370 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">62 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0380
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">61 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0390 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">60 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0400 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">59 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0410
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">58 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0420 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">57 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0430 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">56 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0465
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">55 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0520 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">54 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0550 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">53 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0595
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">52 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0635 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">51 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0670 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">50 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0700
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">49 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0730 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">48 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0760 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">47 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0785
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">46 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0810 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">45 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0820 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">44 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0860
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">43 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">42 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0935 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">41 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0960
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">40 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0980 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">39 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0995 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">38 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1015
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">37 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">36 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1065 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">35 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1100
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">34 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1110 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">33 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1160
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">31 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1200 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">30 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1285 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">29 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1360
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">28 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1405 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1440 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">26 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1470
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">25 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1495 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">24 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1520 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1540
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">22 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1570 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1590 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">20 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1610
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">19 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1660 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">18 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1695 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1730
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1800 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">14 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1820
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1850 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">12 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1910
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1935 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1960 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1990
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2010 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2055
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2090 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2210
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.2 American Standard Letter Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<!-- $Id$ -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">A </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2340 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">B </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2380 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">C </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2420
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">D </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2460 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">E </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2500 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">F </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2570
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">G </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2610 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">H </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2660 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">I </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2720
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">J </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">K </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2810 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">L </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2900
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">M </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2950 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">N </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3020 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">O </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3160
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">P </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3230 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Q </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3320 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">R </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3390
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">S </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">T </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3580 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">U </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3680
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">V </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3770 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">W </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3860 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">X </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3970
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Y </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4040 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Z </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4130 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.3 Fractional Inch Size Drills</h3>
<!-- Generated file. Do not edit directly -->
<!-- $Id$ -->
<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0156 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0313 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0469
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0625 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0781 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0938
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1094 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1406
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1562 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1719 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1875
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2031 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2188 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2344
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1/4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2500 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2656 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2812
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">19/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2969 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3281
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3438 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3594 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3750
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">25/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3906 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4062 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4219
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4375 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">29/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4531 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4688
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">31/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4844 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1/2 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5000 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">33/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5156
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">17/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5313 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">35/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5469 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5625
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">37/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5781 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5938 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">39/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6094
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6250 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">41/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6406 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6562
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">43/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6719 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6875 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">45/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7031
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">23/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7188 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">47/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7344 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3/4 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7500
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">49/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7656 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">25/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7812 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">51/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7969
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">13/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8125 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">53/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8281 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">27/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8438
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">55/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8594 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7/8 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8750 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">57/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8906
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">29/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9062 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">59/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9219 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15/16 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9375
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">61/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9531 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">31/32 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9688 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">63/64 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9844
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.0000 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<h3 class="section">D.4 Metric Drills</h3>
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<p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Drill </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Diameter
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches) </td><td valign="top" width="17%">Size </td><td valign="top" width="17%">(inches)
<p><br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.00787 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.00984 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0118
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0138 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0158 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0177
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0197 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0217 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0236
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0256 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0276 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0295
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0315 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0335 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">0.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0354
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">0.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0374 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0394 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.05 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0413
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0433 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0453 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0472
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0492 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0512 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0531
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0551 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0571 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0591
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0610 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0630 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0650
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0669 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0689 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0709
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">1.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0728 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0748 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">1.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0768
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0787 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.05 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0807 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0827
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0846 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0866 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0886
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0906 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.35 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0925 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0945
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.45 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0965 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.0984 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.55 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1004
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1024 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.65 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1043 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1063
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1083 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1102 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.85 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1122
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">2.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1142 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">2.95 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1161 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1181
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1220 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.15 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1240 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1260
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1280 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1299 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1339
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1378 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1417 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1457
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">3.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1476 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1496 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">3.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1535
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1575 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1614 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1654
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1673 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1693 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1732
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1772 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1811 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1850
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">4.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1870 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">4.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1929
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.1969 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2008 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2047
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2067 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2087 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2126
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2165 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2205 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2244
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">5.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2264 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2283 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">5.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2323
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2362 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2402 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2441
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2461 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2520
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2559 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2598 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2638
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">6.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2657 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2677 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">6.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2717
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2756 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2795 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2835
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2854 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2874 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2914
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">7.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2953 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.2992 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">7.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3031
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3150 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3189 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3228
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3248 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3268 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3307
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3346 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3386 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3425
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">8.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3445 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3465 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">8.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3504
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3543 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3583 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3622
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3642 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3661 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3701
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3740 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3780 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3819
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">9.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3839 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3858 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">9.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3898
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3937 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.3976 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4016
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4035 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4055 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4094
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4134 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4173 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4213
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">10.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4252 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">10.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4291 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4331
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.10 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4370 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.20 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4409 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.25 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4429
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.30 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4449 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.40 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4488 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4528
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.60 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4567 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.70 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4606 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.75 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4626
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">11.80 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4646 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">11.90 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4685 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">12.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4724
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">12.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.4921 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5118 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">13.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5315
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">14.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5512 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">14.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5709 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">15.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.5906
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">15.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6102 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">16.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6299 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">16.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6496
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">17.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6693 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">17.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.6890 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">18.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7087
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">18.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7283 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7480 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">19.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7677
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">20.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.7874 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">20.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8071 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">21.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8268
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">21.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8465 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">22.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8661 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">22.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.8858
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">23.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9055 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">23.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9252 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">24.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9449
<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top" width="17%">24.50 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9646 </td><td valign="top" width="17%">25.00 mm </td><td valign="top" width="17%">.9843 </td><td valign="top" width="17%"></td><td valign="top" width="17%">
<br></td></tr></table>
<!-- Appendix - Centroid File Format - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Centroid-File-Format"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix E Centroid (X-Y) File Format</h2>
<p><a name="index-centroid-file-format-825"></a><a name="index-x_002dy-file-format-826"></a>
<h3 class="section">E.1 Overview</h3>
<h3 class="section">E.2 File Format</h3>
<p>The centroid output file is in a standard comma seperated values (CSV)
format. Comment lines begin with a “#”. The output file contains a
header with an RCS Id tag (useful for those who will check the file
into a version control system), a version number for the file format,
some comments containing the author and title of the board, and a
comment describing the remainder of the file format.
<p>An example centroid file is shown below.
<pre class="example">
# <tt>$</tt>Id<tt>$</tt>
# PcbXY Version 1.0
# Date: Fri Jul 22 03:40:08 2005 UTC
# Author: PCB User
# Title: MyBoard - PCB X-Y
# RefDes, Description, Value, X, Y, rotation, top/bottom
# X,Y in mils. rotation in degrees.
# --------------------------------------------
R61,"0603","10",2610.00,3560.00,90,top
J5,"AMPHENOL_ARFX1231","unknown",2390.00,4220.00,180,top
C13,"0402","0.01u",2340.00,3014.00,270,top
</pre>
<h3 class="section">E.3 Computation of Centroid and Rotation</h3>
<p><a name="index-centroid-file_002c-algorithms-827"></a><a name="index-x_002dy-file_002c-algorithms-828"></a>The center of each element is found by averaging the (X,Y) coordinates
for the center of each pin and pad in the element. For example if an
element has 2 pins, 1 at (1,0) and another at (1,4) then the centroid
will be at (1,2).
<p>The calculation of rotation is a bit more complex. Currently a
rotation is not stored for each element but rather the rotated element
is stored. In other words if the element from the library has a pin
at (0,0) and (0,2) and it has been rotated by 90 degrees, then the
<span class="file">.pcb</span> file will store (0,0) and (2,0) for the pin locations with
no indication that they have been rotated from the original.
<p>In the event that the element has only 1 pin, then the rotation is set
to zero. If the element has only one pad (as opposed to a
through-hole pin), then the rotation of the pad is used.
<p>When the element has multiple pins, the location of pin #1 is placed
in the coordinate system which has the centroid of the part at (0,0).
Then which quadrant pin #1 falls in determines the rotation. Zero
degrees of rotation is defined as pin #1 being in the upper left
quadrant. Increasing angles correspond to counterclockwise rotation so a
rotation of 90 degrees places pin #1 in the lower left quadrant.
Currently, the only allowed rotations are 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees.
<p>If pin #1 happens to be at the centroid of the part, then pin #2 is
examined to see which quadrant it is located in. The same rules apply
for the definitions of rotation. In other words, when pin #1 is at
the centroid of the part and pin #2 is in the upper left quadrant, the
rotation is declared to be zero degrees.
<!-- Appendix - Actions - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Action-Reference"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix F Action Reference</h2>
<p><a name="index-action-reference-829"></a>
<!-- key actions -->
<!-- ./../src/action.c 212 -->
<p>Many actions take a <code>delta</code> parameter as the last parameter,
which is an amount to change something. That <code>delta</code> may include
units, as an additional parameter, such as <code>Action(Object,5,mm)</code>.
If no units are specified, the default is PCB's native units
(currently 1/100 mil). Also, if the delta is prefixed by <code>+</code> or
<code>-</code>, the size is increased or decreased by that amount.
Otherwise, the size size is set to the given amount.
<pre class="example"> Action(Object,5,mil)
Action(Object,+0.5,mm)
Action(Object,-1)
</pre>
<p>Actions which take a <code>delta</code> parameter which do not accept all
these options will specify what they do take.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 216 -->
<!-- ./../src/command.c 64 -->
<!-- ./../src/action.c 214 -->
<p>Many actions act on indicated objects on the board. They will have
parameters like <code>ToggleObject</code> or <code>SelectedVias</code> to indicate
what group of objects they act on. Unless otherwise specified, these
parameters are defined as follows:
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dt><code>ToggleObject</code><dd>Affects the object under the mouse pointer. If this action is invoked
from a menu or script, the user will be prompted to click on an
object, which is then the object affected.
<br><dt><code>Selected</code><dt><code>SelectedObjects</code><dd>
Affects all objects which are currently selected. At least, all
selected objects for which the given action makes sense.
<br><dt><code>SelectedPins</code><dt><code>SelectedVias</code><dt><code>Selected</code><var>Type</var><dt><i>etc</i><dd>Affects all objects which are both selected and of the <var>Type</var> specified.
</dl>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="core-actions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">F.1 Core actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#AddRats-Action">AddRats Action</a>: Add one or more rat lines to the board.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>: Applies the currently loaded vendor drill table to the current design.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>: Save or restore the undo serial number.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>: Auto-place selected components.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>: Auto-route some or all rat lines.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>: Changes the clearance size of objects.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>: Changes the drilling hole size of objects.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>: Sets or clears flags on objects.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>: Changes the hole flag of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>: Changes the join (clearance through polygons) of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>: Sets the name of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>: Changes the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<li><a href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>: Changes the no paste flag of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>: Sets the name of a specific pin on a specific element.
<li><a href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>: Changes the size of objects.
<li><a href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>: Changes the square flag of pins and pads.
<li><a href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>: Clears the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<li><a href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>: Clears the square-flag of pins and pads.
<li><a href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>: Clears flags on objects.
<li><a href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>: Searches connections of the object at the cursor position.
<li><a href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>: Delete stuff.
<li><a href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>: Delete rat lines.
<li><a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>: Disables automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>: Disperses elements.
<li><a href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>: Several display-related actions.
<li><a href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>: Perform various optimizations on the current board
<li><a href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>: Invoke the DRC check.
<li><a href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>: Display the entire contents of the libraries.
<li><a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>: Enables automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>: Run actions from the given file.
<li><a href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>: Flip an element to the opposite side of the board.
<li><a href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>: Convert the current font to a PCB for editing
<li><a href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>: Convert the current PCB back to a font
<li><a href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>: Rotates the current paste buffer contents by the specified angle. The
angle is given in degrees.
<li><a href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>: Pull all traces tight.
<li><a href="#h-Action">h Action</a>: Print a help message for commands.
<li><a href="#l-Action">l Action</a>: Loads layout data.
<li><a href="#le-Action">le Action</a>: Loads an element into the current buffer.
<li><a href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>: Load layout data from a file.
<li><a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>: Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<li><a href="#m-Action">m Action</a>: Loads a layout into the current buffer.
<li><a href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>: Set/Reset the Crosshair mark
<li><a href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>: Writes a message to the log window.
<li><a href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>: Ensures that polygons are a minimum distance from objects.
<li><a href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>: Ensures the mask is a minimum distance from pins and pads.
<li><a href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>: Change or use the tool mode.
<li><a href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>: Converts dead polygon islands into separate polygons.
<li><a href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>: Moves/Creates/Deletes Layers
<li><a href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>: Moves the object under the crosshair.
<li><a href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>: Moves objects to the current layer.
<li><a href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>: Perform various actions on netlists.
<li><a href="#New-Action">New Action</a>: Starts a new layout.
<li><a href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>: Toggles the optimize-only-autorouted flag.
<li><a href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>: Various operations on the paste buffer.
<li><a href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>: Some polygon related stuff.
<li><a href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>: Pull an arc-line junction tight.
<li><a href="#q-Action">q Action</a>: Quits the application after confirming.
<li><a href="#q_0021-Action">q! Action</a>: Quits the application without confirming.
<li><a href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>: Quits the application after confirming.
<li><a href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>: Redo recent``undo''operations.
<li><a href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>: Removes any selected objects.
<li><a href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>: Renumber all elements. The changes will be recorded to filename
for use in backannotating these changes to the schematic.
<li><a href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>: Produce various report.
<li><a href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>: Report on the object under the crosshair
<li><a href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>: Ripup auto-routed tracks, or convert an element to parts.
<li><a href="#rn-Action">rn Action</a>: Reads netlist.
<li><a href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>: Copies the indicated routing style into the current sizes.
<li><a href="#s-Action">s Action</a>: Saves layout data.
<li><a href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>: Saves settings.
<li><a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>: Saves data to a file.
<li><a href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>: Toggles or sets the selection
<li><a href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>: Sets flags on objects.
<li><a href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>: Sets the octagon-flag of objects.
<li><a href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>: Sets current layer and sizes to match indicated item.
<li><a href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>: sets the square-flag of objects.
<li><a href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>: Set the thermal (on the current layer) of pins or vias to the given style.
Style = 0 means no thermal.
Style = 1 has diagonal fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 2 has horizontal and vertical fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 3 is a solid connection to the plane.Style = 4 has diagonal fingers with rounded edges.
Style = 5 has horizontal and vertical fingers with rounded edges.
<li><a href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>: Change various board-wide values and sizes.
<li><a href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>: Toggles the visibility of element names.
<li><a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>: Toggles the state of automatic drill size mapping.
<li><a href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>: Undo recent changes.
<li><a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>: Unloads the current vendor drill mapping table.
<li><a href="#Unselect-Action">Unselect Action</a>: unselects the object at the pointer location or the specified objects
<li><a href="#w-Action">w Action</a>: Saves layout data.
<li><a href="#wq-Action">wq Action</a>: Saves the layout data and quits.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="AddRats-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.1 AddRats</h4>
<!-- key AddRats in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AddRats(AllRats|SelectedRats|Close)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Add one or more rat lines to the board.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3212 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>AllRats</code><dd>Create rat lines for all loaded nets that aren't already connected on
with copper.
<br><dt><code>SelectedRats</code><dd>Similarly, but only add rat lines for nets connected to selected pins
and pads.
<br><dt><code>Close</code><dd>Selects the shortest unselected rat on the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ApplyVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AddRats-Action">AddRats Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.2 ApplyVendor</h4>
<!-- key ApplyVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ApplyVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Applies the currently loaded vendor drill table to the current design.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 112 -->
<a name="index-vendor-map-830"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-831"></a><a name="index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-832"></a>
This will modify all of your drill holes to match the list of allowed
sizes for your vendor.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Atomic-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.3 Atomic</h4>
<!-- key Atomic in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Atomic(Save|Restore|Close|Block)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save or restore the undo serial number.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1610 -->
<p>This action allows making multiple-action bindings into an atomic
operation that will be undone by a single Undo command. For example,
to optimize rat lines, you'd delete the rats and re-add them. To
group these into a single undo, you'd want the deletions and the
additions to have the same undo serial number. So, you <code>Save</code>,
delete the rats, <code>Restore</code>, add the rats - using the same serial
number as the deletes, then <code>Block</code>, which checks to see if the
deletions or additions actually did anything. If not, the serial
number is set to the saved number, as there's nothing to undo. If
something did happen, the serial number is incremented so that these
actions are counted as a single undo step.
<dl>
<dt><code>Save</code><dd>Saves the undo serial number.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Returns it to the last saved number.
<br><dt><code>Close</code><dd>Sets it to 1 greater than the last save.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Does a Restore if there was nothing to undo, else does a Close.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="AutoPlaceSelected-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Atomic-Action">Atomic Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.4 AutoPlaceSelected</h4>
<!-- key AutoPlaceSelected in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AutoPlaceSelected()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Auto-place selected components.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3359 -->
<p>Attempts to re-arrange the selected components such that the nets
connecting them are minimized. Note that you cannot undo this.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="AutoRoute-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">AutoPlaceSelected Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.5 AutoRoute</h4>
<!-- key AutoRoute in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AutoRoute(AllRats|SelectedRats)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Auto-route some or all rat lines.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3382 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>AllRats</code><dd>Attempt to autoroute all rats.
<br><dt><code>SelectedRats</code><dd>Attempt to autoroute the selected rats.
</dl>
<p>Before autorouting, it's important to set up a few things. First,
make sure any layers you aren't using are disabled, else the
autorouter may use them. Next, make sure the current line and via
styles are set accordingly. Last, make sure "new lines clear
polygons" is set, in case you eventually want to add a copper pour.
<p>Autorouting takes a while. During this time, the program may not be
responsive.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeClearSize-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#AutoRoute-Action">AutoRoute Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.6 ChangeClearSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeClearSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeClearSize(Object, delta)
ChangeClearSize(SelectedPins|SelectedPads|SelectedVias, delta)
ChangeClearSize(SelectedLines|SelectedArcs, delta
ChangeClearSize(Selected|SelectedObjects, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the clearance size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3600 -->
<p>If the solder mask is currently showing, this action changes the
solder mask clearance. If the mask is not showing, this action
changes the polygon clearance.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeDrillSize-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">ChangeClearSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.7 ChangeDrillSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeDrillSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeDrillSize(Object, delta)
ChangeDrillSize(SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected|SelectedObjects, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the drilling hole size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3542 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeFlag-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">ChangeDrillSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.8 ChangeFlag</h4>
<!-- key ChangeFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag, value)
ChangeFlag(SelectedElements, flag, value)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join
"“value = 0 | 1</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets or clears flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5677 -->
<p>Toggles the given flag on the indicated object(s). The flag may be
one of the flags listed above (square, octagon, thermal, join). The
value may be the number 0 or 1. If the value is 0, the flag is
cleared. If the value is 1, the flag is set.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeHole-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeFlag-Action">ChangeFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.9 ChangeHole</h4>
<!-- key ChangeHole in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeHole(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedVias|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the hole flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4501 -->
<p>The "hole flag" of a via determines whether the via is a
plated-through hole (not set), or an unplated hole (set).
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeJoin-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeHole-Action">ChangeHole Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.10 ChangeJoin</h4>
<!-- key ChangeJoin in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeJoin(ToggleObject|SelectedLines|SelectedArcs|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the join (clearance through polygons) of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4115 -->
<p>The join flag determines whether a line or arc, drawn to intersect a
polygon, electrically connects to the polygon or not. When joined,
the line/arc is simply drawn over the polygon, making an electrical
connection. When not joined, a gap is drawn between the line and the
polygon, insulating them from each other.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeName-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeJoin-Action">ChangeJoin Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.11 ChangeName</h4>
<!-- key ChangeName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeName(Object)
"“ChangeName(Layout|Layer)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the name of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3918 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dd>Changes the name of the element under the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Changes the name of the layout. This is printed on the fab drawings.
<br><dt><code>Layer</code><dd>Changes the name of the currently active layer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeOctagon-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.12 ChangeOctagon</h4>
<!-- key ChangeOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeOctagon(Object|ToggleObject|SelectedObjects|Selected)
ChangeOctagon(SelectedElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4327 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangePaste-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">ChangeOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.13 ChangePaste</h4>
<!-- key ChangePaste in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangePaste(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedPads|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the no paste flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4543 -->
<p>The "no paste flag" of a pad determines whether the solderpaste
stencil will have an opening for the pad (no set) or if there wil be
no solderpaste on the pad (set). This is used for things such as
fiducial pads.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangePinName-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangePaste-Action">ChangePaste Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.14 ChangePinName</h4>
<!-- key ChangePinName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangePinName(ElementName,PinNumber,PinName)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the name of a specific pin on a specific element.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3842 -->
<p>This can be especially useful for annotating pin names from a
schematic to the layout without requiring knowledge of the pcb file
format.
<pre class="example"> ChangePinName(U3, 7, VCC)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeSize-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangePinName-Action">ChangePinName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.15 ChangeSize</h4>
<!-- key ChangeSize in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeSize(Object, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedObjects|Selected, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, delta)
ChangeSize(SelectedElements, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the size of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3453 -->
<p>For lines and arcs, this changes the width. For pins and vias, this
changes the overall diameter of the copper annulus. For pads, this
changes the width and, indirectly, the length. For texts and names,
this changes the scaling factor. For elements, this changes the width
of the silk layer lines and arcs for this element.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ChangeSquare-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeSize-Action">ChangeSize Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.16 ChangeSquare</h4>
<!-- key ChangeSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ChangeSquare(ToggleObject)
ChangeSquare(SelectedElements|SelectedPins)
ChangeSquare(Selected|SelectedObjects)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Changes the square flag of pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4168 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means both pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ClearOctagon-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ChangeSquare-Action">ChangeSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.17 ClearOctagon</h4>
<!-- key ClearOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClearOctagon(ToggleObject|Object|SelectedObjects|Selected)
ClearOctagon(SelectedElements|SelectedPins|SelectedVias)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears the octagon-flag of pins and vias.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4443 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ClearSquare-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClearOctagon-Action">ClearOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.18 ClearSquare</h4>
<!-- key ClearSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClearSquare(ToggleObject|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears the square-flag of pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4274 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ClrFlag-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClearSquare-Action">ClearSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.19 ClrFlag</h4>
<!-- key ClrFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ClrFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag)
ClrFlag(SelectedElements, flag)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Clears flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5660 -->
<p>Turns the given flag off, regardless of its previous setting. See
<code>ChangeFlag</code>.
<pre class="example"> ClrFlag(SelectedLines,join)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Connection-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ClrFlag-Action">ClrFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.20 Connection</h4>
<!-- key Connection in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Connection(Find|ResetLinesAndPolygons|ResetPinsAndVias|Reset)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Searches connections of the object at the cursor position.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2036 -->
<p>Connections found with this action will be highlighted in the
“connected-color” color and will have the “found” flag set.
<dl>
<dt><code>Find</code><dd>The net under the cursor is “found”.
<br><dt><code>ResetLinesAndPolygons</code><dd>Any “found” lines and polygons are marked “not found”.
<br><dt><code>ResetPinsAndVias</code><dd>Any “found” pins and vias are marked “not found”.
<br><dt><code>Reset</code><dd>All “found” objects are marked “not found”.
<br><dt><code>Measure</code><dd>The net under the cursor is found and measured (the lengths of all
line segments are added together)
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Delete-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Connection-Action">Connection Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.21 Delete</h4>
<!-- key Delete in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Delete(Object|Selected)
Delete(AllRats|SelectedRats) ;</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Delete stuff.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3276 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DeleteRats-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Delete-Action">Delete Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.22 DeleteRats</h4>
<!-- key DeleteRats in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DeleteRats(AllRats|Selected|SelectedRats)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Delete rat lines.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3325 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DisableVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DeleteRats-Action">DeleteRats Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.23 DisableVendor</h4>
<!-- key DisableVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DisableVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Disables automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 161 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-833"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-834"></a><a name="index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-835"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DisperseElements-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.24 DisperseElements</h4>
<!-- key DisperseElements in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DisperseElements(All|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Disperses elements.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2082 -->
<p>Normally this is used when starting a board, by selecting all elements
and then dispersing them. This scatters the elements around the board
so that you can pick individual ones, rather than have all the
elements at the same 0,0 coordinate and thus impossible to choose
from.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Display-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DisperseElements-Action">DisperseElements Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.25 Display</h4>
<!-- key Display in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Display(NameOnPCB|Description|Value)
Display(Grid|Redraw)
Display(CycleClip|CycleCrosshair|Toggle45Degree|ToggleStartDirection)
Display(ToggleGrid|ToggleRubberBandMode|ToggleUniqueNames)
Display(ToggleMask|ToggleName|ToggleClearLine|ToggleFullPoly|ToggleSnapPin)
Display(ToggleThindraw|ToggleThindrawPoly|ToggleOrthoMove|ToggleLocalRef)
Display(ToggleCheckPlanes|ToggleShowDRC|ToggleAutoDRC)
Display(ToggleLiveRoute|LockNames|OnlyNames)
Display(Pinout|PinOrPadName)
"“Display(Scroll, Direction)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Several display-related actions.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2200 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>NameOnPCB</code><br><dt><code>Description</code><br><dt><code>Value</code><dd>Specify whether all elements show their name, description, or value.
<br><dt><code>Redraw</code><dd>Redraw the whole board.
<br><dt><code>Toggle45Degree</code><dd>When clear, lines can be drawn at any angle. When set, lines are
restricted to multiples of 45 degrees and requested lines may be
broken up according to the clip setting.
<br><dt><code>CycleClip</code><dd>Changes the way lines are restricted to 45 degree increments. The
various settings are: straight only, orthogonal then angled, and angled
then orthogonal. If AllDirections is set, this action disables it.
<br><dt><code>CycleCrosshair</code><dd>Changes crosshair drawing. Crosshair may accept form of 4-ray,
8-ray and 12-ray cross.
<br><dt><code>ToggleRubberBandMode</code><dd>If set, moving an object moves all the lines attached to it too.
<br><dt><code>ToggleStartDirection</code><dd>If set, each time you set a point in a line, the Clip toggles between
orth-angle and angle-ortho.
<br><dt><code>ToggleUniqueNames</code><dd>If set, you will not be permitted to change the name of an element to
match that of another element.
<br><dt><code>ToggleSnapPin</code><dd>If set, pin centers and pad end points are treated as additional grid
points that the cursor can snap to.
<br><dt><code>ToggleLocalRef</code><dd>If set, the mark is automatically set to the beginning of any move, so
you can see the relative distance you've moved.
<br><dt><code>ToggleThindraw</code><dd>If set, objects on the screen are drawn as outlines (lines are drawn
as center-lines). This lets you see line endpoints hidden under pins,
for example.
<br><dt><code>ToggleThindrawPoly</code><dd>If set, polygons on the screen are drawn as outlines.
<br><dt><code>ToggleShowDRC</code><dd>If set, pending objects (i.e. lines you're in the process of drawing)
will be drawn with an outline showing how far away from other copper
you need to be.
<br><dt><code>ToggleLiveRoute</code><dd>If set, the progress of the autorouter will be visible on the screen.
<br><dt><code>ToggleAutoDRC</code><dd>If set, you will not be permitted to make connections which violate
the current DRC and netlist settings.
<br><dt><code>ToggleCheckPlanes</code><dd>If set, lines and arcs aren't drawn, which usually leaves just the
polygons. If you also disable all but the layer you're interested in,
this allows you to check for isolated regions.
<br><dt><code>ToggleOrthoMove</code><dd>If set, the crosshair is only allowed to move orthogonally from its
previous position. I.e. you can move an element or line up, down,
left, or right, but not up+left or down+right.
<br><dt><code>ToggleName</code><dd>Selects whether the pinouts show the pin names or the pin numbers.
<br><dt><code>ToggleMask</code><dd>Turns the solder mask on or off.
<br><dt><code>ToggleClearLine</code><dd>When set, the clear-line flag causes new lines and arcs to have their
“clear polygons” flag set, so they won't be electrically connected
to any polygons they overlap.
<br><dt><code>ToggleFullPoly</code><dd>When set, the full-poly flag causes new polygons to have their
“full polygon” flag set, so all parts of them will be displayed
instead of only the biggest one.
<br><dt><code>ToggleGrid</code><dd>Resets the origin of the current grid to be wherever the mouse pointer
is (not where the crosshair currently is). If you provide two numbers
after this, the origin is set to that coordinate. The numbers are in
PCB internal units, currently 1/100 mil.
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Toggles whether the grid is displayed or not.
<br><dt><code>Pinout</code><dd>Causes the pinout of the element indicated by the cursor to be
displayed, usually in a separate window.
<br><dt><code>PinOrPadName</code><dd>Toggles whether the names of pins, pads, or (yes) vias will be
displayed. If the cursor is over an element, all of its pins and pads
are affected.
<br><dt><code>Step <direction> <amount> <units></code><dd>Steps the crosshair in the given direction, with 1=down/left, 2=down,
etc, according to the numeric keypad layout. If amount is not given,
the crosshair steps along the grid.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="djopt-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Display-Action">Display Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.26 djopt</h4>
<!-- key djopt in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">djopt(debumpify|unjaggy|simple|vianudge|viatrim|orthopull)
djopt(auto) - all of the above
"“djopt(miter)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Perform various optimizations on the current board
<!-- ./../src/djopt.c 2878 -->
<p>The different types of optimizations change your board in order to
reduce the total trace length and via count.
<dl>
<dt><code>debumpify</code><dd>Looks for U-shaped traces that can be shortened or eliminated.
<br><dt><code>unjaggy</code><dd>Looks for corners which could be flipped to eliminate one or more
corners (i.e. jaggy lines become simpler).
<br><dt><code>simple</code><dd>Removing uneeded vias, replacing two or more trace segments in a row
with a single segment. This is usually performed automatically after
other optimizations.
<br><dt><code>vianudge</code><dd>Looks for vias where all traces leave in the same direction. Tries to
move via in that direction to eliminate one of the traces (and thus a
corner).
<br><dt><code>viatrim</code><dd>Looks for traces that go from via to via, where moving that trace to a
different layer eliminates one or both vias.
<br><dt><code>orthopull</code><dd>Looks for chains of traces all going in one direction, with more
traces orthogonal on one side than on the other. Moves the chain in
that direction, causing a net reduction in trace length, possibly
eliminating traces and/or corners.
<br><dt><code>splitlines</code><dd>Looks for lines that pass through vias, pins, or pads, and splits them
into separate lines so they can be managed separately.
<br><dt><code>auto</code><dd>Performs the above options, repeating until no further optimizations
can be made.
<br><dt><code>miter</code><dd>Replaces 90 degree corners with a pair of 45 degree corners, to reduce
RF losses and trace length.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DRC-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#djopt-Action">djopt Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.27 DRC</h4>
<!-- key DRC in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DRC()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Invoke the DRC check.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1645 -->
<p>Note that the design rule check uses the current board rule settings,
not the current style settings.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="DumpLibrary-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DRC-Action">DRC Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.28 DumpLibrary</h4>
<!-- key DumpLibrary in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DumpLibrary()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Display the entire contents of the libraries.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1685 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="EnableVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DumpLibrary-Action">DumpLibrary Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.29 EnableVendor</h4>
<!-- key EnableVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EnableVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Enables automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 146 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-836"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-837"></a><a name="index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-838"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table. To enable drill
mapping, a vendor resource file containing a drill table must be
loaded first.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ExecuteFile-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.30 ExecuteFile</h4>
<!-- key ExecuteFile in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ExecuteFile(filename)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Run actions from the given file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5791 -->
<p>Lines starting with <code>#</code> are ignored.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Flip-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ExecuteFile-Action">ExecuteFile Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.31 Flip</h4>
<!-- key Flip in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Flip(Object|Selected|SelectedElements)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Flip an element to the opposite side of the board.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1735 -->
<p>Note that the location of the element will be symmetric about the
cursor location; i.e. if the part you are pointing at will still be at
the same spot once the element is on the other side. When flipping
multiple elements, this retains their positions relative to each
other, not their absolute positions on the board.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="FontEdit-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Flip-Action">Flip Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.32 FontEdit</h4>
<!-- key FontEdit in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FontEdit()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Convert the current font to a PCB for editing
<!-- ./../src/fontmode.c 72 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="FontSave-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FontEdit-Action">FontEdit Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.33 FontSave</h4>
<!-- key FontSave in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FontSave()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Convert the current PCB back to a font
<!-- ./../src/fontmode.c 163 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="FreeRotateBuffer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FontSave-Action">FontSave Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.34 FreeRotateBuffer</h4>
<!-- key FreeRotateBuffer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">FreeRotateBuffer(Angle)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Rotates the current paste buffer contents by the specified angle. The
angle is given in degrees.
<!-- ./../src/buffer.c 1117 -->
<p>Rotates the contents of the pastebuffer by an arbitrary angle.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="GlobalPuller-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#h-Action">h Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">FreeRotateBuffer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.35 GlobalPuller</h4>
<!-- key GlobalPuller in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GlobalPuller()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Pull all traces tight.
<!-- ./../src/puller.c 538 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="h-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#l-Action">l Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#GlobalPuller-Action">GlobalPuller Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.36 h</h4>
<!-- key h in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">h</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Print a help message for commands.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 72 -->
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="l-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#le-Action">le Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#h-Action">h Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.37 l</h4>
<!-- key l in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">l [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads layout data.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 99 -->
<p>Loads a new datafile (layout) and, if confirmed, overwrites any
existing unsaved data. The filename and the searchpath
(<em>filePath</em>) are passed to the command defined by
<em>fileCommand</em>. If no filename is specified a file select box
will popup.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="le-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#l-Action">l Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.38 le</h4>
<!-- key le in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">le [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads an element into the current buffer.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 129 -->
<p>The filename and the searchpath (<em>elementPath</em>) are passed to the
command defined by <em>elementCommand</em>. If no filename is specified
a file select box will popup.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="LoadFrom-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#le-Action">le Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.39 LoadFrom</h4>
<!-- key LoadFrom in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadFrom(Layout|LayoutToBuffer|ElementToBuffer|Netlist|Revert,filename)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Load layout data from a file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4955 -->
<p>This action assumes you know what the filename is. The various GUIs
should have a similar <code>Load</code> action where the filename is
optional, and will provide their own file selection mechanism to let
you choose the file name.
<dl>
<dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Loads an entire PCB layout, replacing the current one.
<br><dt><code>LayoutToBuffer</code><dd>Loads an entire PCB layout to the paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>ElementToBuffer</code><dd>Loads the given element file into the paste buffer. Element files
contain only a single <code>Element</code> definition, such as the
“newlib” library uses.
<br><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Loads a new netlist, replacing any current netlist.
<br><dt><code>Revert</code><dd>Re-loads the current layout from its disk file, reverting any changes
you may have made.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="LoadVendorFrom-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#m-Action">m Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.40 LoadVendorFrom</h4>
<!-- key LoadVendorFrom in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadVendorFrom(filename)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads the specified vendor resource file.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 201 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-839"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-840"></a><a name="index-LoadVendorFrom_0028_0029-841"></a>
<dl>
<dt><var>filename</var><dd>Name of the vendor resource file. If not specified, the user will
be prompted to enter one.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="m-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.41 m</h4>
<!-- key m in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">m [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads a layout into the current buffer.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 157 -->
<p>The filename and the searchpath (<em>filePath</em>) are passed to the
command defined by <em>fileCommand</em>.
If no filename is specified a file select box will popup.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MarkCrosshair-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#m-Action">m Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.42 MarkCrosshair</h4>
<!-- key MarkCrosshair in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MarkCrosshair()
"“MarkCrosshair(Center)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set/Reset the Crosshair mark
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3415 -->
<p>The “mark” is a small X-shaped target on the display which is
treated like a second origin (the normal origin is the upper let
corner of the board). The GUI will display a second set of
coordinates for this mark, which tells you how far you are from it.
<p>If no argument is given, the mark is toggled - disabled if it was
enabled, or enabled at the current cursor position of disabled. If
the <code>Center</code> argument is given, the mark is moved to the current
cursor location.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Message-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">MarkCrosshair Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.43 Message</h4>
<!-- key Message in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Message(message)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Writes a message to the log window.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1782 -->
<p>This action displays a message to the log window. This action is primarily
provided for use by other programs which may interface with PCB. If
multiple arguments are given, each one is sent to the log window
followed by a newline.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MinClearGap-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Message-Action">Message Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.44 MinClearGap</h4>
<!-- key MinClearGap in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MinClearGap(delta)
"“MinClearGap(Selected, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ensures that polygons are a minimum distance from objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3744 -->
<p>Checks all specified objects, and increases the polygon clearance if
needed to ensure a minimum distance between their edges and the
polygon edges.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MinMaskGap-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MinClearGap-Action">MinClearGap Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.45 MinMaskGap</h4>
<!-- key MinMaskGap in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MinMaskGap(delta)
"“MinMaskGap(Selected, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ensures the mask is a minimum distance from pins and pads.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3668 -->
<p>Checks all specified pins and/or pads, and increases the mask if
needed to ensure a minimum distance between the pin or pad edge and
the mask edge.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Mode-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MinMaskGap-Action">MinMaskGap Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.46 Mode</h4>
<!-- key Mode in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Mode(Arc|Arrow|Copy|InsertPoint|Line|Lock|Move|None|PasteBuffer)
Mode(Polygon|Rectangle|Remove|Rotate|Text|Thermal|Via)
Mode(Notify|Release|Cancel|Stroke)
"“Mode(Save|Restore)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Change or use the tool mode.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2531 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Arc</code><dt><code>Arrow</code><dt><code>Copy</code><dt><code>InsertPoint</code><dt><code>Line</code><dt><code>Lock</code><dt><code>Move</code><dt><code>None</code><dt><code>PasteBuffer</code><dt><code>Polygon</code><dt><code>Rectangle</code><dt><code>Remove</code><dt><code>Rotate</code><dt><code>Text</code><dt><code>Thermal</code><dt><code>Via</code><dd>Select the indicated tool.
<br><dt><code>Notify</code><dd>Called when you press the mouse button, or move the mouse.
<br><dt><code>Release</code><dd>Called when you release the mouse button.
<br><dt><code>Cancel</code><dd>Cancels any pending tool activity, allowing you to restart elsewhere.
For example, this allows you to start a new line rather than attach a
line to the previous line.
<br><dt><code>Escape</code><dd>Similar to Cancel but calling this action a second time will return
to the Arrow tool.
<br><dt><code>Stroke</code><dd>If your <code>pcb</code> was built with libstroke, this invokes the stroke
input method. If not, this will restart a drawing mode if you were
drawing, else it will select objects.
<br><dt><code>Save</code><dd>Remembers the current tool.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Restores the tool to the last saved tool.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MorphPolygon-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Mode-Action">Mode Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.47 MorphPolygon</h4>
<!-- key MorphPolygon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MorphPolygon(Object|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Converts dead polygon islands into separate polygons.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4000 -->
<p>If a polygon is divided into unconnected "islands", you can use
this command to convert the otherwise disappeared islands into
separate polygons. Be sure the cursor is over a portion of the
polygon that remains visible. Very small islands that may flake
off are automatically deleted.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MoveLayer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MorphPolygon-Action">MorphPolygon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.48 MoveLayer</h4>
<!-- key MoveLayer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveLayer(old,new)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves/Creates/Deletes Layers
<!-- ./../src/move.c 1062 -->
<p>Moves a layer, creates a new layer, or deletes a layer.
<dl>
<dt><code>old</code><dd>The is the layer number to act upon. Allowed values are:
<dl>
<dt><code>c</code><dd>Currently selected layer.
<br><dt><code>-1</code><dd>Create a new layer.
<br><dt><code>number</code><dd>An existing layer number.
</dl>
<br><dt><code>new</code><dd>Specifies where to move the layer to. Allowed values are:
<dl>
<dt><code>-1</code><dd>Deletes the layer.
<br><dt><code>up</code><dd>Moves the layer up.
<br><dt><code>down</code><dd>Moves the layer down.
<br><dt><code>c</code><dd>Creates a new layer.
</dl>
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MoveObject-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveLayer-Action">MoveLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.49 MoveObject</h4>
<!-- key MoveObject in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveObject(X,Y,dim)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves the object under the crosshair.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5492 -->
<p>The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> are treated like <code>delta</code> is for many
other objects. For each, if it's prefixed by <code>+</code> or <code>-</code>,
then that amount is relative. Otherwise, it's absolute. Units can be
<code>mil</code> or <code>mm</code>; if unspecified, units are PCB's internal
units, currently 1/100 mil.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="MoveToCurrentLayer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveObject-Action">MoveObject Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.50 MoveToCurrentLayer</h4>
<!-- key MoveToCurrentLayer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">MoveToCurrentLayer(Object|SelectedObjects)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves objects to the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5534 -->
<p>Note that moving an element from a component layer to a solder layer,
or from solder to component, won't automatically flip it. Use the
<code>Flip()</code> action to do that.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Netlist-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#New-Action">New Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">MoveToCurrentLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.51 Netlist</h4>
<!-- key Netlist in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Net(find|select|rats|norats[,net[,pin]])</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Perform various actions on netlists.
<!-- ./../src/netlist.c 186 -->
<p>Each of these actions apply to a specified set of nets. <var>net</var> and
<var>pin</var> are patterns which match one or more nets or pins; these
patterns may be full names or regular expressions. If an exact match
is found, it is the only match; if no exact match is found,
<em>then</em> the pattern is tried as a regular expression.
<p>If neither <var>net</var> nor <var>pin</var> are specified, all nets apply. If
<var>net</var> is specified but not <var>pin</var>, all nets matching <var>net</var>
apply. If both are specified, nets which match <var>net</var> and contain
a pin matching <var>pin</var> apply.
<dl>
<dt><code>find</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked <em>found</em> and are drawn in the
<code>connected-color</code> color.
<br><dt><code>select</code><dd>Nets which apply are selected.
<br><dt><code>rats</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked as available for the rats nest.
<br><dt><code>norats</code><dd>Nets which apply are marked as not available for the rats nest.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="New-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Netlist-Action">Netlist Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.52 New</h4>
<!-- key New in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">New([name])</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Starts a new layout.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5018 -->
<p>If a name is not given, one is prompted for.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="OptAutoOnly-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#New-Action">New Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.53 OptAutoOnly</h4>
<!-- key OptAutoOnly in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">OptAutoOnly()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the optimize-only-autorouted flag.
<!-- ./../src/djopt.c 124 -->
<p>The original purpose of the trace optimizer was to clean up the traces
created by the various autorouters that have been used with PCB. When
a board has a mix of autorouted and carefully hand-routed traces, you
don't normally want the optimizer to move your hand-routed traces.
But, sometimes you do. By default, the optimizer only optimizes
autorouted traces. This action toggles that setting, so that you can
optimize hand-routed traces also.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="PasteBuffer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">OptAutoOnly Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.54 PasteBuffer</h4>
<!-- key PasteBuffer in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PasteBuffer(AddSelected|Clear|1..MAX_BUFFER)
PasteBuffer(Rotate, 1..3)
PasteBuffer(Convert|Save|Restore|Mirror)
PasteBuffer(ToLayout, X, Y, units)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various operations on the paste buffer.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5082 -->
<p>There are a number of paste buffers; the actual limit is a
compile-time constant <code>MAX_BUFFER</code> in <span class="file">globalconst.h</span>. It
is currently <code>5</code>. One of these is the “current” paste buffer,
often referred to as “the” paste buffer.
<dl>
<dt><code>AddSelected</code><dd>Copies the selected objects to the current paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>Clear</code><dd>Remove all objects from the current paste buffer.
<br><dt><code>Convert</code><dd>Convert the current paste buffer to an element. Vias are converted to
pins, lines are converted to pads.
<br><dt><code>Restore</code><dd>Convert any elements in the paste buffer back to vias and lines.
<br><dt><code>Mirror</code><dd>Flip all objects in the paste buffer vertically (up/down flip). To mirror
horizontally, combine this with rotations.
<br><dt><code>Rotate</code><dd>Rotates the current buffer. The number to pass is 1..3, where 1 means
90 degrees counter clockwise, 2 means 180 degrees, and 3 means 90
degrees clockwise (270 CCW).
<br><dt><code>Save</code><dd>Saves any elements in the current buffer to the indicated file.
<br><dt><code>ToLayout</code><dd>Pastes any elements in the current buffer to the indicated X, Y
coordinates in the layout. The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> are treated like
<code>delta</code> is for many other objects. For each, if it's prefixed by
<code>+</code> or <code>-</code>, then that amount is relative to the last
location. Otherwise, it's absolute. Units can be
<code>mil</code> or <code>mm</code>; if unspecified, units are PCB's internal
units, currently 1/100 mil.
<br><dt><code>1..MAX_BUFFER</code><dd>Selects the given buffer to be the current paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Polygon-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PasteBuffer-Action">PasteBuffer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.55 Polygon</h4>
<!-- key Polygon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Polygon(Close|PreviousPoint)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Some polygon related stuff.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5428 -->
<p>Polygons need a special action routine to make life easier.
<dl>
<dt><code>Close</code><dd>Creates the final segment of the polygon. This may fail if clipping
to 45 degree lines is switched on, in which case a warning is issued.
<br><dt><code>PreviousPoint</code><dd>Resets the newly entered corner to the previous one. The Undo action
will call Polygon(PreviousPoint) when appropriate to do so.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Puller-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#q-Action">q Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Polygon-Action">Polygon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.56 Puller</h4>
<!-- key Puller in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Puller()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Pull an arc-line junction tight.
<!-- ./../src/puller.c 418 -->
<p>The <code>Puller()</code> action is a special-purpose optimization. When
invoked while the crosshair is over the junction of an arc and a line,
it will adjust the arc's angle and the connecting line's endpoint such
that the line intersects the arc at a tangent. In the example below,
the left side is “before” with the black target marking where to put
the crosshair:
<div align="center"><img src="puller.png" alt="Example of how puller works"></div>
<p>The right side is “after” with the black target marking where the
arc-line intersection was moved to.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="q-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#q_0021-Action">q! Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Puller-Action">Puller Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.57 q</h4>
<!-- key q in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">q</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Quits the application after confirming.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 185 -->
<p>If you have unsaved changes, you will be prompted to confirm (or
save) before quitting.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="q_0021-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#q-Action">q Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.58 q!</h4>
<!-- key q! in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">q!</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Quits the application without confirming.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 199 -->
<p>Note that this command neither saves your data nor prompts for
confirmation.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Quit-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#q_0021-Action">q! Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.59 Quit</h4>
<!-- key Quit in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Quit()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Quits the application after confirming.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2014 -->
<p>If you have unsaved changes, you will be prompted to confirm (or
save) before quitting.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Redo-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Quit-Action">Quit Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.60 Redo</h4>
<!-- key Redo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Redo()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Redo recent“undo”operations.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5394 -->
<p>This routine allows you to recover from the last undo command. You
might want to do this if you thought that undo was going to revert
something other than what it actually did (in case you are confused
about which operations are un-doable), or if you have been backing up
through a long undo list and over-shoot your stopping point. Any
change that is made since the undo in question will trim the redo
list. For example if you add ten lines, then undo three of them you
could use redo to put them back, but if you move a line on the board
before performing the redo, you will lose the ability to "redo" the
three "undone" lines.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="RemoveSelected-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Redo-Action">Redo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.61 RemoveSelected</h4>
<!-- key RemoveSelected in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RemoveSelected()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Removes any selected objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2738 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Renumber-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RemoveSelected-Action">RemoveSelected Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.62 Renumber</h4>
<!-- key Renumber in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Renumber()
"“Renumber(filename)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Renumber all elements. The changes will be recorded to filename
for use in backannotating these changes to the schematic.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 2756 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Report-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Renumber-Action">Renumber Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.63 Report</h4>
<!-- key Report in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Report(Object|DrillReport|FoundPins|NetLength|AllNetLengths)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Produce various report.
<!-- ./../src/report.c 772 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Object</code><dd>The object under the crosshair will be reported, describing various
aspects of the object.
<br><dt><code>DrillReport</code><dd>A report summarizing the number of drill sizes used, and how many of
each, will be produced.
<br><dt><code>FoundPins</code><dd>A report listing all pins and pads which are marked as “found” will
be produced.
<br><dt><code>NetLength</code><dd>The name and length of the net under the crosshair will be reported to
the message log.
<br><dt><code>AllNetLengths</code><dd>The name and length of the net under the crosshair will be reported to
the message log. An optional parameter specifies mm, mil, pcb, or in
units
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ReportDialog-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Report-Action">Report Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.64 ReportDialog</h4>
<!-- key ReportDialog in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ReportDialog()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Report on the object under the crosshair
<!-- ./../src/report.c 116 -->
<p>This is a shortcut for <code>Report(Object)</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="RipUp-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#rn-Action">rn Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ReportDialog-Action">ReportDialog Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.65 RipUp</h4>
<!-- key RipUp in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RipUp(All|Selected|Element)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Ripup auto-routed tracks, or convert an element to parts.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 3108 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>All</code><dd>Removes all lines and vias which were created by the autorouter.
<br><dt><code>Selected</code><dd>Removes all selected lines and vias which were created by the
autorouter.
<br><dt><code>Element</code><dd>Converts the element under the cursor to parts (vias and lines). Note
that this uses the highest numbered paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="rn-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RipUp-Action">RipUp Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.66 rn</h4>
<!-- key rn in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">rn [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Reads netlist.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 214 -->
<p>If no filename is given a file select box will pop up. The file is
read via the command defined by the <em>RatCommand</em> resource. The
command must send its output to <em>stdout</em>.
<p>Netlists are used for generating rat's nests (see <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a>) and
for verifying the board layout (which is also accomplished by the
<em>Ratsnest</em> command).
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="RouteStyle-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#s-Action">s Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#rn-Action">rn Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.67 RouteStyle</h4>
<!-- key RouteStyle in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RouteStyle(1|2|3|4)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Copies the indicated routing style into the current sizes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5460 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="s-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#RouteStyle-Action">RouteStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.68 s</h4>
<!-- key s in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">s [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves layout data.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 244 -->
<p>Data and the filename are passed to the command defined by the
resource <em>saveCommand</em>. It must read the layout data from
<em>stdin</em>. If no filename is entered, either the last one is used
again or, if it is not available, a file select box will pop up.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SaveSettings-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#s-Action">s Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.69 SaveSettings</h4>
<!-- key SaveSettings in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SaveSettings()
"“SaveSettings(local)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves settings.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4939 -->
<p>If you pass no arguments, the settings are stored in
<code>$HOME/.pcb/settings</code>. If you pass the word <code>local</code> they're
saved in <code>./pcb.settings</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SaveTo-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SaveSettings-Action">SaveSettings Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.70 SaveTo</h4>
<!-- key SaveTo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SaveTo(Layout|LayoutAs,filename)
SaveTo(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections,filename)
SaveTo(PasteBuffer,filename)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves data to a file.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4849 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Saves the current layout.
<br><dt><code>LayoutAs</code><dd>Saves the current layout, and remembers the filename used.
<br><dt><code>AllConnections</code><dd>Save all connections to a file.
<br><dt><code>AllUnusedPins</code><dd>List all unused pins to a file.
<br><dt><code>ElementConnections</code><dd>Save connections to the element at the cursor to a file.
<br><dt><code>PasteBuffer</code><dd>Save the content of the active Buffer to a file. This is the graphical way to create a footprint.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Select-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.71 Select</h4>
<!-- key Select in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Select(ToggleObject)
Select(All|Block|Connection)
Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)
Select(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName, Name)
Select(TextByName|ViaByName)
Select(TextByName|ViaByName, Name)
"“Select(Convert)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles or sets the selection
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4585 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>ElementByName</code><br><dt><code>ObjectByName</code><br><dt><code>PadByName</code><br><dt><code>PinByName</code><br><dt><code>TextByName</code><br><dt><code>ViaByName</code><dd>
These all rely on having a regular expression parser built into
<code>pcb</code>. If the name is not specified then the user is prompted
for a pattern, and all objects that match the pattern and are of the
type specified are selected.
<br><dt><code>Object</code><br><dt><code>ToggleObject</code><dd>Selects the object under the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Selects all objects in a rectangle indicated by the cursor.
<br><dt><code>All</code><dd>Selects all objects on the board.
<br><dt><code>Connection</code><dd>Selects all connections with the “found” flag set.
<br><dt><code>Convert</code><dd>Converts the selected objects to an element. This uses the highest
numbered paste buffer.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetFlag-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Select-Action">Select Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.72 SetFlag</h4>
<!-- key SetFlag in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetFlag(Object|Selected|SelectedObjects, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedLines|SelectedPins|SelectedVias, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedPads|SelectedTexts|SelectedNames, flag)
SetFlag(SelectedElements, flag)
flag = square | octagon | thermal | join</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets flags on objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5643 -->
<p>Turns the given flag on, regardless of its previous setting. See
<code>ChangeFlag</code>.
<pre class="example"> SetFlag(SelectedPins,thermal)
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetOctagon-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetFlag-Action">SetFlag Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.73 SetOctagon</h4>
<!-- key SetOctagon in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetOctagon(Object|ToggleObject|SelectedElements|Selected)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets the octagon-flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4385 -->
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetSame-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetOctagon-Action">SetOctagon Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.74 SetSame</h4>
<!-- key SetSame in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetSame()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Sets current layer and sizes to match indicated item.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5575 -->
<p>When invoked over any line, arc, polygon, or via, this changes the
current layer to be the layer that item is on, and changes the current
sizes (thickness, keepaway, drill, etc) according to that item.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetSquare-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetSame-Action">SetSame Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.75 SetSquare</h4>
<!-- key SetSquare in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetSquare(ToggleObject|SelectedElements|SelectedPins)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>sets the square-flag of objects.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4221 -->
<p>Note that <code>Pins</code> means pins and pads.
<p>Pins, pads, and vias can have various shapes. All may be round. Pins
and pads may be square (obviously "square" pads are usually
rectangular). Pins and vias may be octagonal. When you change a
shape flag of an element, you actually change all of its pins and
pads.
<p>Note that the square flag takes precedence over the octagon flag,
thus, if both the square and octagon flags are set, the object is
square. When the square flag is cleared, the pins and pads will be
either round or, if the octagon flag is set, octagonal.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetThermal-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetSquare-Action">SetSquare Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.76 SetThermal</h4>
<!-- key SetThermal in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetThermal(Object|SelectedPins|SelectedVias|Selected, Style)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the thermal (on the current layer) of pins or vias to the given style.
Style = 0 means no thermal.
Style = 1 has diagonal fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 2 has horizontal and vertical fingers with sharp edges.
Style = 3 is a solid connection to the plane.Style = 4 has diagonal fingers with rounded edges.
Style = 5 has horizontal and vertical fingers with rounded edges.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1808 -->
<p>This changes how/whether pins or vias connect to any rectangle or polygon
on the current layer. The first argument can specify one object, or all
selected pins, or all selected vias, or all selected pins and vias.
The second argument specifies the style of connection.
There are 5 possibilities:
0 - no connection,
1 - 45 degree fingers with sharp edges,
2 - horizontal & vertical fingers with sharp edges,
3 - solid connection,
4 - 45 degree fingers with rounded corners,
5 - horizontal & vertical fingers with rounded corners.
<p>Pins and Vias may have thermals whether or not there is a polygon available
to connect with. However, they will have no effect without the polygon.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="SetValue-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetThermal-Action">SetThermal Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.77 SetValue</h4>
<!-- key SetValue in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetValue(Grid|Line|LineSize|Text|TextScale|ViaDrillingHole|Via|ViaSize, delta)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Change various board-wide values and sizes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 1927 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>ViaDrillingHole</code><dd>Changes the diameter of the drill for new vias.
<br><dt><code>Grid</code><dd>Sets the grid spacing.
<br><dt><code>Line</code><br><dt><code>LineSize</code><dd>Changes the thickness of new lines.
<br><dt><code>Via</code><br><dt><code>ViaSize</code><dd>Changes the diameter of new vias.
<br><dt><code>Text</code><br><dt><code>TextScale</code><dd>Changes the size of new text.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ToggleHideName-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#SetValue-Action">SetValue Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.78 ToggleHideName</h4>
<!-- key ToggleHideName in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleHideName(Object|SelectedElements)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the visibility of element names.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4048 -->
<p>If names are hidden you won't see them on the screen and they will not
appear on the silk layer when you print the layout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="ToggleVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ToggleHideName-Action">ToggleHideName Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.79 ToggleVendor</h4>
<!-- key ToggleVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggles the state of automatic drill size mapping.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 128 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-842"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-843"></a><a name="index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-844"></a>
When drill mapping is enabled, new instances of pins and vias will
have their drill holes mapped to one of the allowed drill sizes
specified in the currently loaded vendor drill table. To enable drill
mapping, a vendor resource file containing a drill table must be
loaded first.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Undo-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.80 Undo</h4>
<!-- key Undo in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Undo()
"“Undo(ClearList)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Undo recent changes.
<!-- ./../src/action.c 5233 -->
<p>The unlimited undo feature of <code>Pcb</code> allows you to recover from
most operations that materially affect you work. Calling
<code>Undo()</code> without any parameter recovers from the last (non-undo)
operation. <code>ClearList</code> is used to release the allocated
memory. <code>ClearList</code> is called whenever a new layout is started or
loaded. See also <code>Redo</code> and <code>Atomic</code>.
<p>Note that undo groups operations by serial number; changes with the
same serial number will be undone (or redone) as a group. See
<code>Atomic</code>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="UnloadVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Unselect-Action">Unselect Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Undo-Action">Undo Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.81 UnloadVendor</h4>
<!-- key UnloadVendor in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">UnloadVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Unloads the current vendor drill mapping table.
<!-- ./../src/vendor.c 176 -->
<p><a name="index-vendor-map-845"></a><a name="index-vendor-drill-table-846"></a><a name="index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-847"></a>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Unselect-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#w-Action">w Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.82 Unselect</h4>
<!-- key Unselect in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Unselect(All|Block|Connection)
Unselect(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName)
Unselect(ElementByName|ObjectByName|PadByName|PinByName, Name)
Unselect(TextByName|ViaByName)
"“Unselect(TextByName|ViaByName, Name)
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>unselects the object at the pointer location or the specified objects
<!-- ./../src/action.c 4735 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>All</code><dd>Unselect all objects.
<br><dt><code>Block</code><dd>Unselect all objects in a rectangle given by the cursor.
<br><dt><code>Connection</code><dd>Unselect all connections with the “found” flag set.
<br><dt><code>ElementByName</code><br><dt><code>ObjectByName</code><br><dt><code>PadByName</code><br><dt><code>PinByName</code><br><dt><code>TextByName</code><br><dt><code>ViaByName</code><dd>
These all rely on having a regular expression parser built into
<code>pcb</code>. If the name is not specified then the user is prompted
for a pattern, and all objects that match the pattern and are of the
type specified are unselected.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="w-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#wq-Action">wq Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Unselect-Action">Unselect Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.83 w</h4>
<!-- key w in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">w [name]</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves layout data.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 250 -->
<p>This commands has been added for the convenience of <code>vi</code> users
and has the same functionality as <code>s</code>.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="wq-Action"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#w-Action">w Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.1.84 wq</h4>
<!-- key wq in hid -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">wq</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Saves the layout data and quits.
<!-- ./../src/command.c 281 -->
<p>This command has been added for the convenience of <code>vi</code> users and
has the same functionality as <code>s</code> combined with <code>q</code>.
<p>This is one of the command box helper actions. While it is a regular
action and can be used like any other action, its name and syntax are
optimized for use with the command box (<code>:</code>) and thus the syntax
is documented for that purpose.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="common-actions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#core-actions">core actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">F.2 common actions</h3>
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 467 -->
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#LayersChanged-Action">LayersChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the layers have changed.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the libraries have changed.
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the netlist has changed.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the whole PCB has changed.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">RouteStylesChanged Action</a>: Tells the GUI that the routing styles have changed.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="LayersChanged-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.1 LayersChanged</h4>
<!-- key LayersChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LayersChanged()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the layers have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 488 -->
<p>This includes layer names, colors, stacking order, visibility, etc.
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="LibraryChanged-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LayersChanged-Action">LayersChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.2 LibraryChanged</h4>
<!-- key LibraryChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LibraryChanged()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the libraries have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 493 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="NetlistChanged-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#LibraryChanged-Action">LibraryChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.3 NetlistChanged</h4>
<!-- key NetlistChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">NetlistChanged()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the netlist has changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 483 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="PCBChanged-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">RouteStylesChanged Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#NetlistChanged-Action">NetlistChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.4 PCBChanged</h4>
<!-- key PCBChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PCBChanged()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the whole PCB has changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 473 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="RouteStylesChanged-Action"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PCBChanged-Action">PCBChanged Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.2.5 RouteStylesChanged</h4>
<!-- key RouteStylesChanged in hid common -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">RouteStylesChanged()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tells the GUI that the routing styles have changed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/common/actions.c 478 -->
<p>This is one of a number of actions which are part of the HID
interface. The core functions use these actions to tell the current
GUI when to change the presented information in response to changes
that the GUI may not know about. The user normally does not invoke
these directly.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-actions"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#common-actions">common actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">F.3 gtk actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#gtk-About-Action">gtk About Action</a>: Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>: Open the window which allows editing of the route styles
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>: Moves the pointer to the center of the window.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>: Move the cursor.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>: Open various GUI windows.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>: Open the preferences window which allows editing of the layer groups
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>: Get a coordinate.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>: Start or stop panning (Mode = 1 to start, 0 to stop)
Optional thumb argument is ignored for now in gtk hid.
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>: Bring up the popup menu specified by <code>MenuName</code>.
If called by a mouse event then the mouse button number
must be specified as the optional second argument.
<li><a href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>: Print the layout.
<li><a href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>: Calibrate the printer.
<li><a href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>: Save layout and/or element data to a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>: Select which layer is the current layer.
<li><a href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>: Set the default measurement units.
<li><a href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>: Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<li><a href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>: Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<li><a href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">gtk Zoom Action</a>: Various zoom factor changes.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-About-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.1 gtk About</h4>
<!-- key gtk About in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">About()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1611 -->
<p>This just pops up a dialog telling the user which version of
<code>pcb</code> they're running.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-AdjustStyle-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-About-Action">gtk About Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.2 gtk AdjustStyle</h4>
<!-- key gtk AdjustStyle in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustStyle()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open the window which allows editing of the route styles
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 3809 -->
<p>Opens the window which allows editing of the route styles.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Center-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">gtk AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.3 gtk Center</h4>
<!-- key gtk Center in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Center()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Moves the pointer to the center of the window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2069 -->
<p>Move the pointer to the center of the window, but only if it's
currently within the window already.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Cursor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Center-Action">gtk Center Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.4 gtk Cursor</h4>
<!-- key gtk Cursor in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor(Type,DeltaUp,DeltaRight,Units)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Move the cursor.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2168 -->
<p>This action moves the mouse cursor. Unlike other actions which take
coordinates, this action's coordinates are always relative to the
user's view of the board. Thus, a positive <var>DeltaUp</var> may move the
cursor towards the board origin if the board is inverted.
<p>Type is one of <span class="samp">Pan</span> or <span class="samp">Warp</span>. <span class="samp">Pan</span> causes the
viewport to move such that the crosshair is under the mouse cursor.
<span class="samp">Warp</span> causes the mouse cursor to move to be above the crosshair.
<p><var>Units</var> can be one of the following:
<dl>
<dt><span class="samp">mil</span><dt><span class="samp">mm</span><dd>The cursor is moved by that amount, in board units.
<br><dt><span class="samp">grid</span><dd>The cursor is moved by that many grid points.
<br><dt><span class="samp">view</span><dd>The values are percentages of the viewport's view. Thus, a pan of
<span class="samp">100</span> would scroll the viewport by exactly the width of the
current view.
<br><dt><span class="samp">board</span><dd>The values are percentages of the board size. Thus, a move of
<span class="samp">50,50</span> moves you halfway across the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-DoWindows-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">gtk Cursor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.5 gtk DoWindows</h4>
<!-- key gtk DoWindows in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DoWindows(1|2|3|4|5|6)
DoWindows(Layout|Library|Log|Netlist|Preferences|DRC)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open various GUI windows.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2226 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>1</code><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Open the layout window. Since the layout window is always shown
anyway, this has no effect.
<br><dt><code>2</code><dt><code>Library</code><dd>Open the library window.
<br><dt><code>3</code><dt><code>Log</code><dd>Open the log window.
<br><dt><code>4</code><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Open the netlist window.
<br><dt><code>5</code><dt><code>Preferences</code><dd>Open the preferences window.
<br><dt><code>6</code><dt><code>DRC</code><dd>Open the DRC violations window.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">gtk DoWindows Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.6 gtk EditLayerGroups</h4>
<!-- key gtk EditLayerGroups in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EditLayerGroups()
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open the preferences window which allows editing of the layer groups
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 3832 -->
<p>Opens the preferences window which is where the layer groups
are edited. This action is primarily provides to provide menu
resource compatibility with the lesstif HID.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-GetXY-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">gtk EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.7 gtk GetXY</h4>
<!-- key gtk GetXY in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GetXY()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Get a coordinate.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1626 -->
<p>Prompts the user for a coordinate, if one is not already selected.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Pan-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">gtk GetXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.8 gtk Pan</h4>
<!-- key gtk Pan in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Pan([thumb], Mode)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Start or stop panning (Mode = 1 to start, 0 to stop)
Optional thumb argument is ignored for now in gtk hid.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2349 -->
<p>Start or stop panning. To start call with Mode = 1, to stop call with
Mode = 0. If the Mode is turned on and off with the cross hairs at
the same coordinates, the auto pan mode is toggled.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Popup-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Pan-Action">gtk Pan Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.9 gtk Popup</h4>
<!-- key gtk Popup in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Popup(MenuName, [Button])</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Bring up the popup menu specified by <code>MenuName</code>.
If called by a mouse event then the mouse button number
must be specified as the optional second argument.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2394 -->
<p>This just pops up the specified menu. The menu must have been defined
as a named subresource of the Popups resource in the menu resource
file. If called as a response to a mouse button click, the mouse
button number must be specified as the second argument.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Print-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Popup-Action">gtk Popup Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.10 gtk Print</h4>
<!-- key gtk Print in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Print()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Print the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1944 -->
<p>This will find the default printing HID, prompt the user for its
options, and print the layout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Print-Action">gtk Print Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.11 gtk PrintCalibrate</h4>
<!-- key gtk PrintCalibrate in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PrintCalibrate()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Calibrate the printer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1995 -->
<p>This will print a calibration page, which you would measure and type
the measurements in, so that future printouts will be more precise.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Save-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">gtk PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.12 gtk Save</h4>
<!-- key gtk Save in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Save()
Save(Layout|LayoutAs)
Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)
Save(PasteBuffer)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save layout and/or element data to a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1770 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>SaveTo</code> action
(see <a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>SaveTo</code>, then <code>SaveTo</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to save, and then <code>SaveTo</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-SelectLayer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-Save-Action">gtk Save Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.13 gtk SelectLayer</h4>
<!-- key gtk SelectLayer in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SelectLayer(1..MAXLAYER|Silk|Rats)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Select which layer is the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 2840 -->
<p>The specified layer becomes the currently active layer. It is made
visible if it is not already visible
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-SetUnits-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">gtk SelectLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.14 gtk SetUnits</h4>
<!-- key gtk SetUnits in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetUnits(mm|mil)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the default measurement units.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 2269 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>mil</code><dd>Sets the display units to mils (1/1000 inch).
<br><dt><code>mm</code><dd>Sets the display units to millimeters.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-SwapSides-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">gtk SetUnits Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.15 gtk SwapSides</h4>
<!-- key gtk SwapSides in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SwapSides(|v|h|r)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 1852 -->
<p>This action changes the way you view the board.
<dl>
<dt><code>v</code><dd>Flips the board over vertically (up/down).
<br><dt><code>h</code><dd>Flips the board over horizontally (left/right), like flipping pages in
a book.
<br><dt><code>r</code><dd>Rotates the board 180 degrees without changing sides.
</dl>
<p>If no argument is given, the board isn't moved but the opposite side
is shown.
<p>Normally, this action changes which pads and silk layer are drawn as
true silk, and which are drawn as the "invisible" layer. It also
determines which solder mask you see.
<p>As a special case, if the layer group for the side you're looking at
is visible and currently active, and the layer group for the opposite
is not visible (i.e. disabled), then this action will also swap which
layer group is visible and active, effectively swapping the “working
side” of the board.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-ToggleView-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">gtk Zoom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">gtk SwapSides Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.16 gtk ToggleView</h4>
<!-- key gtk ToggleView in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleView(1..MAXLAYER)
ToggleView(layername)
ToggleView(Silk|Rats|Pins|Vias|Mask|BackSide)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gui-top-window.c 2764 -->
<p>If you pass an integer, that layer is specified by index (the first
layer is <code>1</code>, etc). If you pass a layer name, that layer is
specified by name. When a layer is specified, the visibility of the
layer group containing that layer is toggled.
<p>If you pass a special layer name, the visibility of those components
(silk, rats, etc) is toggled. Note that if you have a layer named
the same as a special layer, the layer is chosen over the special layer.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="gtk-Zoom-Action"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">gtk ToggleView Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.3.17 gtk Zoom</h4>
<!-- key gtk Zoom in hid gtk -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Zoom()
Zoom(factor)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various zoom factor changes.
<!-- ./../src/hid/gtk/gtkhid-main.c 123 -->
Changes the zoom (magnification) of the view of the board. If no
arguments are passed, the view is scaled such that the board just fits
inside the visible window (i.e. “view all”). Otherwise,
<var>factor</var> specifies a change in zoom factor. It may be prefixed by
<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, or <code>=</code> to change how the zoom factor is
modified. The <var>factor</var> is a floating point number, such as
<code>1.5</code> or <code>0.75</code>.
<dl>
<dt><code>+</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn smaller; more of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn bigger; less of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>-</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn bigger; less of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn smaller; more of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>=</code><var>factor</var><dd>
The <var>factor</var> is an absolute zoom factor; the unit for this value
is "PCB units per screen pixel". Since PCB units are 0.01 mil, a
<var>factor</var> of 1000 means 10 mils (0.01 in) per pixel, or 100 DPI,
about the actual resolution of most screens - resulting in an "actual
size" board. Similarly, a <var>factor</var> of 100 gives you a 10x actual
size.
</dl>
<p>Note that zoom factors of zero are silently ignored.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-actions"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gtk-actions">gtk actions</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>
<br>
</div>
<h3 class="section">F.4 lesstif actions</h3>
<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="#lesstif-About-Action">lesstif About Action</a>: Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<li><a accesskey="2" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>: Let the user change the board size, DRC parameters, etc
<li><a accesskey="3" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>: Displays the route style adjustment window.
<li><a accesskey="4" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>: Benchmark the GUI speed.
<li><a accesskey="5" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>: Displays the command line input window.
<li><a accesskey="6" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>: Move the cursor.
<li><a accesskey="7" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>: Debug action.
<li><a accesskey="8" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>: Debug action, with coordinates
<li><a accesskey="9" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>: Open various GUI windows.
<li><a href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>: Dump Lesstif key bindings.
<li><a href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>: Let the user change the layer groupings
<li><a href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>: Export the layout.
<li><a href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>: Get a coordinate.
<li><a href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>: Displays the library window.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>: Load layout data from a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>: Loads a user-selected vendor resource file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>: Selects the given pinname or netname in the netlist window.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>: Print the layout.
<li><a href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>: Calibrate the printer.
<li><a href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>: Prompt for a response.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>: Simulate a passing or failing action.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>: Save layout data to a user-selected file.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>: Select which layer is the current layer.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>: Set the default measurement units.
<li><a href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>: Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<li><a href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>: Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<li><a href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">lesstif Zoom Action</a>: Various zoom factor changes.
</ul>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-About-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.1 lesstif About</h4>
<!-- key lesstif About in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">About()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Tell the user about this version of PCB.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 870 -->
<p>This just pops up a dialog telling the user which version of
<code>pcb</code> they're running.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-About-Action">lesstif About Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.2 lesstif AdjustSizes</h4>
<!-- key lesstif AdjustSizes in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustSizes()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Let the user change the board size, DRC parameters, etc
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 1154 -->
<p>Displays a dialog box that lets the user change the board
size, DRC parameters, and text scale.
<p>The units are determined by the default display units.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">lesstif AdjustSizes Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.3 lesstif AdjustStyle</h4>
<!-- key lesstif AdjustStyle in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">AdjustStyle()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the route style adjustment window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/styles.c 348 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Benchmark-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">lesstif AdjustStyle Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.4 lesstif Benchmark</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Benchmark in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Benchmark()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Benchmark the GUI speed.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 650 -->
<p>This action is used to speed-test the Lesstif graphics subsystem. It
redraws the current screen as many times as possible in ten seconds.
It reports the amount of time needed to draw the screen once.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Command-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">lesstif Benchmark Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.5 lesstif Command</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Command in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Command()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the command line input window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 635 -->
<p>The command window allows the user to manually enter actions to be
executed. Action syntax can be done one of two ways:
<dl>
<dt><dd>Follow the action name by an open parenthesis, arguments separated by
commas, end with a close parenthesis. Example: <code>Abc(1,2,3)</code>
<br><dt><dd>Separate the action name and arguments by spaces. Example: <code>Abc
1 2 3</code>.
</dl>
<p>The first option allows you to have arguments with spaces in them,
but the second is more “natural” to type for most people.
<p>Note that action names are not case sensitive, but arguments normally
are. However, most actions will check for “keywords” in a case
insensitive way.
<p>There are three ways to finish with the command window. If you press
the <code>Enter</code> key, the command is invoked, the window goes away,
and the next time you bring up the command window it's empty. If you
press the <code>Esc</code> key, the window goes away without invoking
anything, and the next time you bring up the command window it's
empty. If you change focus away from the command window (i.e. click
on some other window), the command window goes away but the next time
you bring it up it resumes entering the command you were entering
before.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Cursor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Command-Action">lesstif Command Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.6 lesstif Cursor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Cursor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Cursor(Type,DeltaUp,DeltaRight,Units)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Move the cursor.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 707 -->
<p>This action moves the mouse cursor. Unlike other actions which take
coordinates, this action's coordinates are always relative to the
user's view of the board. Thus, a positive <var>DeltaUp</var> may move the
cursor towards the board origin if the board is inverted.
<p>Type is one of <span class="samp">Pan</span> or <span class="samp">Warp</span>. <span class="samp">Pan</span> causes the
viewport to move such that the crosshair is under the mouse cursor.
<span class="samp">Warp</span> causes the mouse cursor to move to be above the crosshair.
<p><var>Units</var> can be one of the following:
<dl>
<dt><span class="samp">mil</span><dt><span class="samp">mm</span><dd>The cursor is moved by that amount, in board units.
<br><dt><span class="samp">grid</span><dd>The cursor is moved by that many grid points.
<br><dt><span class="samp">view</span><dd>The values are percentages of the viewport's view. Thus, a pan of
<span class="samp">100</span> would scroll the viewport by exactly the width of the
current view.
<br><dt><span class="samp">board</span><dd>The values are percentages of the board size. Thus, a move of
<span class="samp">50,50</span> moves you halfway across the board.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Debug-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">lesstif Cursor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.7 lesstif Debug</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Debug in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Debug(...)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Debug action.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 66 -->
<p>This action exists to help debug scripts; it simply prints all its
arguments to stdout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-DebugXY-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">lesstif Debug Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.8 lesstif DebugXY</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DebugXY in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DebugXY(...)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Debug action, with coordinates
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 72 -->
<p>Like <code>Debug</code>, but requires a coordinate. If the user hasn't yet
indicated a location on the board, the user will be prompted to click
on one.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-DoWindows-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">lesstif DebugXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.9 lesstif DoWindows</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DoWindows in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DoWindows(1|2|3|4)
DoWindows(Layout|Library|Log|Netlist)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Open various GUI windows.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 834 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>1</code><dt><code>Layout</code><dd>Open the layout window. Since the layout window is always shown
anyway, this has no effect.
<br><dt><code>2</code><dt><code>Library</code><dd>Open the library window.
<br><dt><code>3</code><dt><code>Log</code><dd>Open the log window.
<br><dt><code>4</code><dt><code>Netlist</code><dd>Open the netlist window.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-DumpKeys-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">lesstif DoWindows Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.10 lesstif DumpKeys</h4>
<!-- key lesstif DumpKeys in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">DumpKeys()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Dump Lesstif key bindings.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 101 -->
<p>Causes the list of key bindings (from <code>pcb-menu.res</code>) to be
dumped to stdout. This is most useful when invoked from the command
line like this:
<pre class="example"> pcb --action-string DumpKeys
</pre>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">lesstif DumpKeys Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.11 lesstif EditLayerGroups</h4>
<!-- key lesstif EditLayerGroups in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">EditLayerGroups()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Let the user change the layer groupings
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 1466 -->
<p>Displays a dialog that lets the user view and change the layer
groupings. Each layer (row) can be a member of any one layer group
(column). Note the special layers <code>solder</code> and <code>component</code>
allow you to specify which groups represent the top and bottom of the
board.
<p>See <a href="#ChangeName-Action">ChangeName Action</a>.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Export-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">lesstif EditLayerGroups Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.12 lesstif Export</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Export in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Export()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Export the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 960 -->
<p>Prompts the user for an exporter to use. Then, prompts the user for
that exporter's options, and exports the layout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-GetXY-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Export-Action">lesstif Export Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.13 lesstif GetXY</h4>
<!-- key lesstif GetXY in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">GetXY()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Get a coordinate.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 54 -->
<p>Prompts the user for a coordinate, if one is not already selected.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-LibraryShow-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">lesstif GetXY Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.14 lesstif LibraryShow</h4>
<!-- key lesstif LibraryShow in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LibraryShow()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Displays the library window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/library.c 151 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Load-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">lesstif LibraryShow Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.15 lesstif Load</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Load in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Load()
Load(Layout|LayoutToBuffer|ElementToBuffer|Netlist|Revert)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Load layout data from a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 98 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>LoadFrom</code> action
(see <a href="#LoadFrom-Action">LoadFrom Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>LoadFrom</code>, then <code>LoadFrom</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to load, and then <code>LoadFrom</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-LoadVendor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Load-Action">lesstif Load Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.16 lesstif LoadVendor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif LoadVendor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">LoadVendor()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Loads a user-selected vendor resource file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 151 -->
<p>The user is prompted for a file to load, and then
<code>LoadVendorFrom</code> is called (see <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a>) to
load that vendor file.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-NetlistShow-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">lesstif LoadVendor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.17 lesstif NetlistShow</h4>
<!-- key lesstif NetlistShow in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">NetlistShow(pinname|netname)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Selects the given pinname or netname in the netlist window.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/netlist.c 416 -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Print-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">lesstif NetlistShow Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.18 lesstif Print</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Print in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Print()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Print the layout.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 897 -->
<p>This will find the default printing HID, prompt the user for its
options, and print the layout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Print-Action">lesstif Print Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.19 lesstif PrintCalibrate</h4>
<!-- key lesstif PrintCalibrate in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PrintCalibrate()</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Calibrate the printer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 940 -->
<p>This will print a calibration page, which you would measure and type
the measurements in, so that future printouts will be more precise.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-PromptFor-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">lesstif PrintCalibrate Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.20 lesstif PromptFor</h4>
<!-- key lesstif PromptFor in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">PromptFor([message[,default]])</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Prompt for a response.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 574 -->
<p>This is mostly for testing the lesstif HID interface. The parameters
are passed to the <code>prompt_for()</code> HID function, causing the user
to be prompted for a response. The respose is simply printed to the
user's stdout.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Return-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">lesstif PromptFor Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.21 lesstif Return</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Return in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Return(0|1)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Simulate a passing or failing action.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 89 -->
<p>This is for testing. If passed a 0, does nothing and succeeds. If
passed a 1, does nothing but pretends to fail.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Save-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Return-Action">lesstif Return Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.22 lesstif Save</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Save in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Save()
Save(Layout|LayoutAs)
Save(AllConnections|AllUnusedPins|ElementConnections)
Save(PasteBuffer)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Save layout data to a user-selected file.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/dialogs.c 196 -->
<p>This action is a GUI front-end to the core's <code>SaveTo</code> action
(see <a href="#SaveTo-Action">SaveTo Action</a>). If you happen to pass a filename, like
<code>SaveTo</code>, then <code>SaveTo</code> is called directly. Else, the
user is prompted for a filename to save, and then <code>SaveTo</code> is
called with that filename.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-SelectLayer-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-Save-Action">lesstif Save Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.23 lesstif SelectLayer</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SelectLayer in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SelectLayer(1..MAXLAYER|Silk|Rats)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Select which layer is the current layer.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 387 -->
<p>The specified layer becomes the currently active layer. It is made
visible if it is not already visible
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-SetUnits-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">lesstif SelectLayer Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.24 lesstif SetUnits</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SetUnits in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SetUnits(mm|mil)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Set the default measurement units.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 360 -->
<dl>
<dt><code>mil</code><dd>Sets the display units to mils (1/1000 inch).
<br><dt><code>mm</code><dd>Sets the display units to millimeters.
</dl>
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-SwapSides-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">lesstif SetUnits Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.25 lesstif SwapSides</h4>
<!-- key lesstif SwapSides in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">SwapSides(|v|h|r)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Swaps the side of the board you're looking at.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 455 -->
<p>This action changes the way you view the board.
<dl>
<dt><code>v</code><dd>Flips the board over vertically (up/down).
<br><dt><code>h</code><dd>Flips the board over horizontally (left/right), like flipping pages in
a book.
<br><dt><code>r</code><dd>Rotates the board 180 degrees without changing sides.
</dl>
<p>If no argument is given, the board isn't moved but the opposite side
is shown.
<p>Normally, this action changes which pads and silk layer are drawn as
true silk, and which are drawn as the "invisible" layer. It also
determines which solder mask you see.
<p>As a special case, if the layer group for the side you're looking at
is visible and currently active, and the layer group for the opposite
is not visible (i.e. disabled), then this action will also swap which
layer group is visible and active, effectively swapping the “working
side” of the board.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-ToggleView-Action"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">lesstif Zoom Action</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">lesstif SwapSides Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.26 lesstif ToggleView</h4>
<!-- key lesstif ToggleView in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">ToggleView(1..MAXLAYER)
ToggleView(layername)
ToggleView(Silk|Rats|Pins|Vias|Mask|BackSide)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Toggle the visibility of the specified layer or layer group.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/menu.c 409 -->
<p>If you pass an integer, that layer is specified by index (the first
layer is <code>1</code>, etc). If you pass a layer name, that layer is
specified by name. When a layer is specified, the visibility of the
layer group containing that layer is toggled.
<p>If you pass a special layer name, the visibility of those components
(silk, rats, etc) is toggled. Note that if you have a layer named
the same as a special layer, the layer is chosen over the special layer.
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="lesstif-Zoom-Action"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">lesstif ToggleView Action</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#lesstif-actions">lesstif actions</a>
<br>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">F.4.27 lesstif Zoom</h4>
<!-- key lesstif Zoom in hid lesstif -->
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="format">Zoom()
Zoom(factor)</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Various zoom factor changes.
<!-- ./../src/hid/lesstif/main.c 380 -->
<p>Changes the zoom (magnification) of the view of the board. If no
arguments are passed, the view is scaled such that the board just fits
inside the visible window (i.e. “view all”). Otherwise,
<var>factor</var> specifies a change in zoom factor. It may be prefixed by
<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, or <code>=</code> to change how the zoom factor is
modified. The <var>factor</var> is a floating point number, such as
<code>1.5</code> or <code>0.75</code>.
<dl>
<dt><code>+</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn smaller; more of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn bigger; less of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>-</code><var>factor</var><dd>Values greater than 1.0 cause the board to be drawn bigger; less of
the board will be visible. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 cause the board
to be drawn smaller; more of the board will be visible.
<br><dt><code>=</code><var>factor</var><dd>
The <var>factor</var> is an absolute zoom factor; the unit for this value
is "PCB units per screen pixel". Since PCB units are 0.01 mil, a
<var>factor</var> of 1000 means 10 mils (0.01 in) per pixel, or 100 DPI,
about the actual resolution of most screens - resulting in an "actual
size" board. Similarly, a <var>factor</var> of 100 gives you a 10x actual
size.
</dl>
<p>Note that zoom factors of zero are silently ignored.
<!-- Appendix - Glossary - -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Glossary"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="appendix">Appendix G Glossary</h2>
<p><a name="index-glossary-848"></a><a name="index-terminology-849"></a><a name="index-index-of-terms-850"></a>
<dl>
<dt>Footprint<dd>The pattern of metal, silkscreen, soldermask relief, and drills which
defines where you place a component on a circuit board.
Footprints are the placed by the user onto the PC board during the
placement phase of PCB layout.
<br><dt>Gerber File<dd>The file format used in the industry to convey a board database to the
manufacturer is RS-274X (which replaces the now obsolete RS-274D
format). This file format was originally developed by Gerber for
their photo plotters and thus RS-274D and RS-274X format files
are often times refered to as “Gerber” files.
<br><dt>Thermal, Thermal Relief<dd>A thermal relief is a way of connecting a pin to a ground
or power plane. Instead of directly connecting to the plane, small "spokes"
are used to increase the thermal resistance between the pin and the plane.
Often times these connections are refered to as simply a thermal. By increasing
the thermal resistance to the plane, it becomes easier to solder to the
pin. The drawing below shows an example of a thermal relief.
<div align="center"><img src="thermal.png" alt="Example of a thermal relief"></div>
</dl>
<!-- -->
<div class="node">
<p><hr>
<a name="Index"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glossary">Glossary</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
<br>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Resources</h2>
<ul class="index-vr" compact>
<li><a href="#index-absoluteGrid-326"><code>absoluteGrid</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignmentDistance-328"><code>alignmentDistance</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-allDirectionLines-330"><code>allDirectionLines</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-allDirectionLines-196"><code>allDirectionLines</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backgroundImage-201"><code>backgroundImage</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backgroundImage-333"><code>backgroundImage</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backupInterval-335"><code>backupInterval</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backupInterval-204"><code>backupInterval</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bloat-337"><code>bloat</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-BTNMOD-792"><code>BTNMOD</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-charactersPerLine-340"><code>charactersPerLine</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-charactersPerLine-207"><code>charactersPerLine</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connectedColor-344"><code>connectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cross-hairColor-347"><code>cross hairColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-font-213"><code>default font</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEFAULTFONT-789"><code>DEFAULTFONT</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEFAULTLIBRARY-790"><code>DEFAULTLIBRARY</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Element-Search-821"><code>Element Search</code></a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementColor-350"><code>elementColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementCommand-748"><code>elementCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementCommand-217"><code>elementCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementCommand-354"><code>elementCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementContentsCommand-417"><code>elementContentsCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementPath-361"><code>elementPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elementSelectedColor-351"><code>elementSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileCommand-749"><code>fileCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileCommand-366"><code>fileCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fileCommand-224"><code>fileCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-filePath-373"><code>filePath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontCommand-378"><code>fontCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontCommand-750"><code>fontCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontCommand-231"><code>fontCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontFile-212"><code>fontFile</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontFile-386"><code>fontFile</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-fontPath-389"><code>fontPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNUM4-791"><code>GNUM4</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-395"><code>grid</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gridColor-398"><code>gridColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-INFOLIBDIR-787"><code>INFOLIBDIR</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-invisibleObjectsColor-401"><code>invisibleObjectsColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerColor-404"><code>layerColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerGroups-408"><code>layerGroups</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerGroups-239"><code>layerGroups</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerName-411"><code>layerName</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layerSelectedColor-405"><code>layerSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryCommand-413"><code>libraryCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryCommand-249"><code>libraryCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryCommand-751"><code>libraryCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryContentsCommand-255"><code>libraryContentsCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryContentsCommand-752"><code>libraryContentsCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryFilename-421"><code>libraryFilename</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryFilename-243"><code>libraryFilename</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryPath-424"><code>libraryPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-libraryPath-246"><code>libraryPath</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lineThickness-428"><code>lineThickness</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Measuring-distances-160"><code>Measuring distances</code></a>: <a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-432"><code>media</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offLimitColor-436"><code>offLimitColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PCBLIBDIR-788"><code>PCBLIBDIR</code></a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinColor-439"><code>pinColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutFont0_002e_002e6-443"><code>pinoutFont0..6</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutNameLength-446"><code>pinoutNameLength</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutNameLength-263"><code>pinoutNameLength</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutOffsetX-450"><code>pinoutOffsetX</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutOffsetY-451"><code>pinoutOffsetY</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutTextOffsetX-453"><code>pinoutTextOffsetX</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutTextOffsetY-454"><code>pinoutTextOffsetY</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutZoom-456"><code>pinoutZoom</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinoutZoom-268"><code>pinoutZoom</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinSelectedColor-440"><code>pinSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printCommand-459"><code>printCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-raiseLogWindow-461"><code>raiseLogWindow</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ratCommand-464"><code>ratCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ratPath-467"><code>ratPath</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Regular-Expressions-822"><code>Regular Expressions</code></a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resetAfterElement-272"><code>resetAfterElement</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resetAfterElement-470"><code>resetAfterElement</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ringBellWhenFinished-473"><code>ringBellWhenFinished</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ringBellWhenFinished-277"><code>ringBellWhenFinished</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routeStyle-475"><code>routeStyle</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routeStyle-281"><code>routeStyle</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberBandMode-477"><code>rubberBandMode</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveCommand-298"><code>saveCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveCommand-753"><code>saveCommand</code></a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveCommand-481"><code>saveCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveInTMP-289"><code>saveInTMP</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveInTMP-488"><code>saveInTMP</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveLastCommand-495"><code>saveLastCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saveLastCommand-284"><code>saveLastCommand</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scriptFilename-305"><code>scriptFilename</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Searching-for-elements-158"><code>Searching for elements</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-shrink-498"><code>shrink</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-501"><code>size</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-308"><code>size</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-stipplePolygons-504"><code>stipplePolygons</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-textScale-507"><code>textScale</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-useLogWindow-510"><code>useLogWindow</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaColor-513"><code>viaColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaDrillingHole-518"><code>viaDrillingHole</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaSelectedColor-514"><code>viaSelectedColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viaThickness-517"><code>viaThickness</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-312"><code>volume</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-522"><code>volume</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-warnColor-525"><code>warnColor</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-528"><code>zoom</code></a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
</ul><h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</h2>
<ul class="index-fn" compact>
<li><a href="#index-_002balldirections-200"><code>+alldirections</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002breset-274"><code>+reset</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002bring-279"><code>+ring</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002bs-288"><code>+s</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002bsave-291"><code>+save</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002d_002dcopyright-317"><code>--copyright</code></a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dalldirections-199"><code>-alldirections</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dbackground-203"><code>-background</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dbackup-206"><code>-backup</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dc-211"><code>-c</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dcopyright-316"><code>-copyright</code></a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dfontfile-214"><code>-fontfile</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dhelp-322"><code>-help</code></a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlelement-218"><code>-lelement</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlfile-225"><code>-lfile</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlfont-238"><code>-lfont</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlg-242"><code>-lg</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlibname-244"><code>-libname</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dlibpath-247"><code>-libpath</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dllib-254"><code>-llib</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dllibcont-259"><code>-llibcont</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dloggeometry-262"><code>-loggeometry</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dpnl-264"><code>-pnl</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dpz-271"><code>-pz</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dreset-273"><code>-reset</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dring-278"><code>-ring</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002drs-282"><code>-rs</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002ds-287"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dsave-290"><code>-save</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dscript-306"><code>-script</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dsfile-304"><code>-sfile</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dsize-311"><code>-size</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dv-315"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002dversion-319"><code>-version</code></a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003aactionCommand_0028_0029-191"><code>:actionCommand()</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003al-168"><code>:l</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003ale-171"><code>:le</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003am-174"><code>:m</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003aq-179"><code>:q</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003arn-185"><code>:rn</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003as-182"><code>:s</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_003aw_005bq_005d-188"><code>:w[q]</code></a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-AddRats_0028_0029-535"><code>AddRats()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-832"><code>ApplyVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ApplyVendor_0028_0029-539"><code>ApplyVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Atomic_0028_0029-542"><code>Atomic()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Bell_0028_0029-545"><code>Bell()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeClearSize_0028_0029-548"><code>ChangeClearSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeDrillSize_0028_0029-552"><code>ChangeDrillSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeFlag_0028_0029-556"><code>ChangeFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeHole_0028_0029-561"><code>ChangeHole()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeName_0028_0029-564"><code>ChangeName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeOctagon_0028_0029-568"><code>ChangeOctagon()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangePinName_0028_0029-572"><code>ChangePinName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeSize_0028_0029-575"><code>ChangeSize()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ChangeSquare_0028_0029-579"><code>ChangeSquare()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ClrFlag_0028_0029-583"><code>ClrFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Command_0028_0029-589"><code>Command()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Connection_0028_0029-592"><code>Connection()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DeleteRats_0028_0029-599"><code>DeleteRats()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-603"><code>DisableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisableVendor_0028_0029-835"><code>DisableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DisperseElements_0028_0029-606"><code>DisperseElements()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Display_0028_0029-611"><code>Display()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DRC_0028_0029-625"><code>DRC()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EditLayerGroups_0028_0029-631"><code>EditLayerGroups()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-634"><code>EnableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-EnableVendor_0028_0029-838"><code>EnableVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ExecuteFile_0028_0029-628"><code>ExecuteFile()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Load_0028_0029-637"><code>Load()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-LoadVendor_0028_0029-639"><code>LoadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-LoadVendorFrom_0028_0029-841"><code>LoadVendorFrom()</code></a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MarkCrosshair_0028_0029-642"><code>MarkCrosshair()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Mode_0028_0029-645"><code>Mode()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MovePointer_0028_0029-648"><code>MovePointer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-MoveToCurrentLayer_0028_0029-651"><code>MoveToCurrentLayer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-New_0028_0029-654"><code>New()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PasteBuffer_0028_0029-657"><code>PasteBuffer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Polygon_0028_0029-664"><code>Polygon()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Print_0028_0029-668"><code>Print()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Quit_0028_0029-671"><code>Quit()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Redo_0028_0029-674"><code>Redo()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-RemoveSelected_0028_0029-677"><code>RemoveSelected()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Report_0028_0029-680"><code>Report()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-RouteStyle_0028_0029-684"><code>RouteStyle()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Save_0028_0029-687"><code>Save()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Select_0028_0029-690"><code>Select()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SetFlag_0028_0029-693"><code>SetFlag()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SetValue_0028_0029-698"><code>SetValue()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SwapSides_0028_0029-705"><code>SwapSides()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SwitchDrawingLayer_0028_0029-708"><code>SwitchDrawingLayer()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleHideName_0028_0029-711"><code>ToggleHideName()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-844"><code>ToggleVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVendor_0028_0029-715"><code>ToggleVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ToggleVisibility_0028_0029-718"><code>ToggleVisibility()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Undo_0028_0029-721"><code>Undo()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-847"><code>UnloadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-UnloadVendor_0028_0029-724"><code>UnloadVendor()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Unselect_0028_0029-727"><code>Unselect()</code></a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
</ul><h2 class="unnumbered">Index of Concepts</h2>
<ul class="index-cp" compact>
<li><a href="#index-_002ftmp-493">/tmp</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002ftmp-296">/tmp</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-_002ftmp-123">/tmp</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-action-command-192">action command</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-action-reference-829">action reference</a>: <a href="#Action-Reference">Action Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-actions-530">actions</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-actions-file_002c-executing-629">actions file, executing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Actions_002c-initiating-193">Actions, initiating</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignment-329">alignment</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-alignment-targets-134">alignment targets</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Alpha-807">Alpha</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arc-16">arc</a>: <a href="#Arc-Objects">Arc Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arc_002c-an-example-85">arc, an example</a>: <a href="#Arcs">Arcs</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-802">architecture</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-811">architecture</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-808">architecture</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-805">architecture</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-795">architecture</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-architecture-798">architecture</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-arrow-tool-146">arrow tool</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-ASCII-files_002c-format-of-747">ASCII files, format of</a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Atari-version-1">Atari version</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-atomic-544">atomic</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-auto_002drouter-49">auto-router</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-autorouter-165">autorouter</a>: <a href="#Autorouter">Autorouter</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-background-334">background</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-background-202">background</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-336">backup</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-120">backup</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-489">backup</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-backup-292">backup</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bell-547">bell</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-bloat-338">bloat</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-an-example-108">buffer, an example</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-105">buffer, convert contents to element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Buffer_002c-popup-menu-45">Buffer, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-buffer_002c-selecting-a-658">buffer, selecting a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-button-translations-533">button translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cat-487">cat</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centering-612">centering</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centroid-file-format-825">centroid file format</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-centroid-file_002c-algorithms-827">centroid file, algorithms</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-active-layer-64">change active layer</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-drawing-layer-709">change drawing layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-object-name-566">change object name</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-settings-699">change settings</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-sizes-553">change sizes</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-square-flag-580">change square flag</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-change-viewing-side-706">change viewing side</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changing-layers-115">changing layers</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-changing-pin_002fpad-names-573">changing pin/pad names</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-characters-per-line-208">characters per line</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-characters-per-line-341">characters per line</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance-15">clearance</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance_002c-changing-of-objects-551">clearance, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clearance_002c-for-new-lines-41">clearance, for new lines</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-332">clipping lines to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clipping-lines-to-45-degree-624">clipping lines to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-lines-198">clipping of lines</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-closing-a-polygon-667">closing a polygon</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-color-printout-132">color printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-color_002c-warning-527">color, warning</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-colors-515">colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-195">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-compile_002c-how-to-783">compile, how to</a>: <a href="#compiling">compiling</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-configure-786">configure</a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connection_002c-removing-an-736">connection, removing an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-colors-346">connections, colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-creating-list-of-143">connections, creating list of</a>: <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-reseting-595">connections, reseting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-275">connections, reseting after element</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-reseting-after-element-471">connections, reseting after element</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-connections_002c-searching-for-597">connections, searching for</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Connects_002c-popup-menu-48">Connects, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copy-an-object-745">copy an object</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copying-objects-663">copying objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copying_002c-an-example-111">copying, an example</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-copyright-318">copyright</a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-creating-objects-77">creating objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-color-349">cursor color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-movements-650">cursor movements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-position-644">cursor position</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cursor-steps-397">cursor steps</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-cutting-objects-662">cutting objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DEC-806">DEC</a>: <a href="#DEC-Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-font-387">default font</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-font-215">default font</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-layout-size-502">default layout size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-library-422">default library</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-text-scaling-509">default text scaling</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-default-translations-731">default translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checker_002c-invoking-50">design rule checker, invoking</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checking-151">design rule checking</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-design-rule-checking-626">design rule checking</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-device_002c-selecting-an-output-128">device, selecting an output</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-_002ftmp-297">directory /tmp</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-_002ftmp-124">directory /tmp</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-directory-_002ftmp-494">directory /tmp</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-dispersing-elements-607">dispersing elements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-display-506">display</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-element-names-30">displaying element names</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-element-names-616">displaying element names</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-pinout-622">displaying pinout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-displaying-status-information-57">displaying status information</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-distributing-elements-608">distributing elements</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-DOS-filenames-140">DOS filenames</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drawing-objects-73">drawing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-152">drc</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-500">drc</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drc-627">drc</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-683">drill</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-report-54">drill report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drill-sizes_002c-list-of-standard-823">drill sizes, list of standard</a>: <a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Drill-table-163">Drill table</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drilling-hole_002c-changing-of-objects-555">drilling hole, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-drilling-hole_002c-setting-of-initial-size-702">drilling hole, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Edit_002c-popup-menu-26">Edit, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element-name_002c-hiding-713">element name, hiding</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element-name_002c-removing-from-silk_002dscreen-714">element name, removing from silk-screen</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Element-Search-819">Element Search</a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-an-example-95">element, an example</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-an-overview-7">element, an overview</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-color-353">element, color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-command-355">element, command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-command-219">element, command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-creating-a-new-package-103">element, creating a new package</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-display-names-of-31">element, display names of</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-display-names-of-617">element, display names of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-editing-47">element, editing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-file-format-759">element, file format</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-files-364">element, files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-files-220">element, files</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-loading-to-buffer-173">element, loading to buffer</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-element_002c-move-name-of-741">element, move name of</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elements_002c-dispersing-609">elements, dispersing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-elements_002c-distributing-610">elements, distributing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-entering-user-commands-167">entering user commands</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-erasing-objects-75">erasing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-files-97">example files</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-buffer-handling-109">example of buffer handling</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-connection-lists-142">example of connection lists</a>: <a href="#Connection-Lists">Connection Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-copying-113">example of copying</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-creating-an-element-102">example of creating an element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-element-handling-96">example of element handling</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-line-handling-84">example of line handling</a>: <a href="#Lines">Lines</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-loading-119">example of loading</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-loading-an-element-file-99">example of loading an element file</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-moving-112">example of moving</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-pastebuffer-handling-107">example of pastebuffer handling</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-pin-handling-101">example of pin handling</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-polygon-handling-87">example of polygon handling</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-printing-127">example of printing</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-rectangle-handling-89">example of rectangle handling</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-saving-118">example of saving</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-text-handling-92">example of text handling</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-example-of-via-handling-94">example of via handling</a>: <a href="#Vias">Vias</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-exit-180">exit</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-exit-673">exit</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-element-data-761">file format, element data</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-font-data-764">file format, font data</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-layout-data-758">file format, layout data</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-libraries-772">file format, libraries</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-format_002c-library-contents-769">file format, library contents</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-formats-746">file formats</a>: <a href="#File-Formats">File Formats</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-pads-and-lines-755">file formats, pads and lines</a>: <a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-load-command-367">file load command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-load-command-226">file load command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-save-command-482">file save command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-file-save-command-299">file save command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-File-sytax-773">File sytax</a>: <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-File_002c-popup-menu-25">File, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-changing-557">flags, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-clearing-585">flags, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-flags_002c-setting-694">flags, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-command-379">font command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-command-232">font command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-file_002c-format-of-762">font file, format of</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-files-392">font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-files-233">font files</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font-files-380">font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font_002c-an-overview-5">font, an overview</a>: <a href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-font_002c-used-for-pin-names-444">font, used for pin names</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-element-files-760">format of element files</a>: <a href="#Element-File">Element File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-font-files-763">format of font files</a>: <a href="#Font-File">Font File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-layout-files-757">format of layout files</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-libraries-771">format of libraries</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-format-of-library-contents-768">format of library contents</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-814">FreeBSD</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gEDA_002c-how-to-interface-with-779">gEDA, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#gEDA">gEDA</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-glossary-848">glossary</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNU-build-system-784">GNU build system</a>: <a href="#quickstart">quickstart</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-GNU-configure-script-785">GNU configure script</a>: <a href="#running-configure">running configure</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-68">grid</a>: <a href="#Layout-Area">Layout Area</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-396">grid</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid-color-400">grid color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-absolute-and-relative-618">grid, absolute and relative</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-alignment-33">grid, alignment</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-display-619">grid, display</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-display-32">grid, display</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-grid_002c-setting-of-701">grid, setting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-groups-410">groups</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-groups-241">groups</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-groups_002c-editing-of-633">groups, editing of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-gschem_002c-how-to-interface-with-778">gschem, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#gEDA">gEDA</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Hewlett-Packard-797">Hewlett Packard</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-hide-element-name-712">hide element name</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-how-to-start-22">how to start</a>: <a href="#Getting-Started">Getting Started</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-HP-796">HP</a>: <a href="#HP">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-index-of-terms-850">index of terms</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Info_002c-popup-menu-51">Info, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-information-about-objects-682">information about objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-input_002dfield_002c-position-of-58">input-field, position of</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-497">inputfield, saving entered command-line</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputfield_002c-saving-entered-command_002dline-286">inputfield, saving entered command-line</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-inputfield_002c-start-user-input-591">inputfield, start user input</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-install_002c-how-to-782">install, how to</a>: <a href="#compiling">compiling</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-key-translations-532">key translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-keyboard-bell-474">keyboard bell</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-keyboard-bell-280">keyboard bell</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-controls-61">layer controls</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-groups-12">layer groups</a>: <a href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer-visibility_002c-toggling-720">layer visibility, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer_002c-change-active-710">layer, change active</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layer_002c-name-of-412">layer, name of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-an-overview-11">layers, an overview</a>: <a href="#Layer-Objects">Layer Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-changing-which-is-active-63">layers, changing which is active</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-colors-407">layers, colors</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-editing-of-groups-632">layers, editing of groups</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-groups-409">layers, groups</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-groups-240">layers, groups</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layers_002c-switching-on_002foff-62">layers, switching on/off</a>: <a href="#Layer-Controls">Layer Controls</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files-483">layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files-227">layout files</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files-376">layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files_002c-format-of-756">layout files, format of</a>: <a href="#Layout-File">Layout File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-files_002c-saving-of-184">layout files, saving of</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-objects_002c-an-overview-3">layout objects, an overview</a>: <a href="#Intro">Intro</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout-size-310">layout size</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-default-size-of-503">layout, default size of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-loading-a-170">layout, loading a</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-loading-to-buffer-177">layout, loading to buffer</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-merging-a-178">layout, merging a</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-printing-a-669">layout, printing a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002c-start-a-new-655">layout, start a new</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002dname-187">layout-name</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-layout_002dname-8">layout-name</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-length-of-a-pin-name-267">length of a pin name</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-length-of-a-pin-name-449">length of a pin name</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-length-of-outputline-209">length of outputline</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-accuracy-10">library accuracy</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-command-414">library command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-command-250">library command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-contents-command-256">library contents command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-contents-command-418">library contents command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-contents-file_002c-format-of-767">library contents file, format of</a>: <a href="#Library-Contents-File">Library Contents File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-creation-775">library creation</a>: <a href="#Library-Creation">Library Creation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-file_002c-format-of-770">library file, format of</a>: <a href="#Library-File">Library File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-name-245">library name</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-name-423">library name</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-search-path-248">library search path</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-searchpath-427">library searchpath</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-library-window-71">library window</a>: <a href="#Library-Window">Library Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-line-clipping-197">line clipping</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-linelength-342">linelength</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-an-example-83">lines, an example</a>: <a href="#Lines">Lines</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-an-overview-13">lines, an overview</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-331">lines, clipping to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-clipping-to-45-degree-623">lines, clipping to 45 degree</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-setting-of-initial-size-704">lines, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-size-429">lines, size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Linux-812">Linux</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-list-of-connections-343">list of connections</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-listing-libraries-257">listing libraries</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-listing-library-contents-419">listing library contents</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-a-layout-to-buffer-175">loading a layout to buffer</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-415">loading elements</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-221">loading elements</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-365">loading elements</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-251">loading elements</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-elements-to-buffer-172">loading elements to buffer</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-files-638">loading files</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-fonts-381">loading fonts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-fonts-234">loading fonts</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-fonts-393">loading fonts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-layouts-369">loading layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-layouts-228">loading layouts</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-layouts-169">loading layouts</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-layouts-377">loading layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-symbols-394">loading symbols</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading-symbols-235">loading symbols</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-loading_002c-an-example-116">loading, an example</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-260">log window</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-511">log window</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-69">log window</a>: <a href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-log-window-462">log window</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-m4-360">m4</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-m4_002c-preprocessing-example-files-98">m4, preprocessing example files</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mark-643">mark</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Measuring-distances-159">Measuring distances</a>: <a href="#Measuring-distances">Measuring distances</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-433">media</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media-margin-434">media margin</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-media_002c-size-of-137">media, size of</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-menus-23">menus</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-merging-layouts-176">merging layouts</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-messages-70">messages</a>: <a href="#Log-Window">Log Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-messages-512">messages</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-messages-261">messages</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mirroring-printout-131">mirroring printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mode-selection-65">mode selection</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mode_002c-selecting-of-646">mode, selecting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-mounting-holes-563">mounting holes</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-move-478">move</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-move-an-object-744">move an object</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving-objects-145">moving objects</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving-objects-to-current-layer-653">moving objects to current layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving_002c-an-example-110">moving, an example</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-moving_002c-traces-to-a-different-layer-114">moving, traces to a different layer</a>: <a href="#Moving-and-Copying">Moving and Copying</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-name-of-an-element-615">name of an element</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-name_002c-change-an-objects-565">name, change an objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-namelength-of-pins-447">namelength of pins</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-namelength-of-pins-265">namelength of pins</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-815">NetBSD</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-466">netlist</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-149">netlist</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-602">netlist</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-469">netlist</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-537">netlist</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist-21">netlist</a>: <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Netlist-Window-72">Netlist Window</a>: <a href="#Netlist-Window">Netlist Window</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist_002c-file-format-765">netlist, file format</a>: <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-netlist_002c-reading-766">netlist, reading</a>: <a href="#Netlist-File">Netlist File</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object-report-53">object report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-change-name-of-567">object, change name of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-changing-the-size-of-an-82">object, changing the size of an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-copy-an-743">object, copy an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-creating-an-78">object, creating an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-drawing-and-removing-76">object, drawing and removing</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-move-an-742">object, move an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-removing-an-735">object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-object_002c-removing-an-80">object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-objects_002c-moving-to-current-layer-652">objects, moving to current layer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-changing-558">octagonal flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-clearing-586">octagonal flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-flag_002c-setting-695">octagonal flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-octagonal-pins-and-vias-571">octagonal pins and vias</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-off-limit-color-438">off limit color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-pinnames-455">offset of pinnames</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-pinout-452">offset of pinout</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-offset-of-printout-138">offset of printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-old-library-9">old library</a>: <a href="#Element-Objects">Element Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-OpenWindows-801">OpenWindows</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-operation-modes_002c-selecting-of-647">operation modes, selecting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-optimizer-156">optimizer</a>: <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-outline-printout-133">outline printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-output-device-129">output device</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-outputline_002c-length-of-210">outputline, length of</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-overlap_002c-minimum-154">overlap, minimum</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pad-specification-754">pad specification</a>: <a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">Pad and Line Representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Panner-control-59">Panner control</a>: <a href="#Panner-Control">Panner Control</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-an-example-106">pastebuffer, an example</a>: <a href="#Pastebuffer">Pastebuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-convert-contents-to-element-104">pastebuffer, convert contents to element</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-popup-menu-46">pastebuffer, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pastebuffer_002c-selecting-a-659">pastebuffer, selecting a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-element-files-363">path for element files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-font-files-391">path for font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-layout-files-375">path for layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-path-for-libraries-426">path for libraries</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-816">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#BSD">BSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-813">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#Linux">Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PC-UNIX-810">PC UNIX</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-PCB_002c-an-overview-2">PCB, an overview</a>: <a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin-color-442">pin color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin_002c-name-of-448">pin, name of</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin_002c-name-of-266">pin, name of</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pin_002fpad-names_002c-changing-574">pin/pad names, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-display-of-621">pinout, display of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-font-to-display-pin-names-445">pinout, font to display pin names</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-457">pinout, zoomfactor of display</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pinout_002c-zoomfactor-of-display-269">pinout, zoomfactor of display</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pins_002c-an-example-100">pins, an example</a>: <a href="#Elements">Elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pins_002c-changing-shape-of-569">pins, changing shape of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-pointer_002c-moving-of-649">pointer, moving of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon-505">polygon</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon-point_002c-go-back-to-previous-666">polygon point, go back to previous</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-an-example-86">polygon, an example</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-an-overview-17">polygon, an overview</a>: <a href="#Polygon-Objects">Polygon Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-polygon_002c-closing-a-665">polygon, closing a</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-popping-up-menus-24">popping up menus</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-postprocessing-layout-data-302">postprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-postprocessing-layout-data-485">postprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-element-data-252">preprocessing element data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-element-data-358">preprocessing element data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-element-data-222">preprocessing element data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-font-data-236">preprocessing font data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-font-data-383">preprocessing font data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-layout-data-229">preprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preprocessing-layout-data-370">preprocessing layout data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preventing-loss-of-data-294">preventing loss of data</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preventing-loss-of-data-491">preventing loss of data</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-preventing-loss-of-data-122">preventing loss of data</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-command-141">print command</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-media-136">print media</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-media-435">print media</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-print-offset-139">print offset</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing-460">printing</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing-a-layout-670">printing a layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-printing_002c-an-example-126">printing, an example</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-problems-793">problems</a>: <a href="#problems">problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-quit-181">quit</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-quit-672">quit</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_0027s-nest-186">rat's nest</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_002dline-601">rat-line</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_002dline-150">rat-line</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rat_002dline-538">rat-line</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-465">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-600">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-468">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-148">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Rats-Nest">Rats Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats-nest-536">rats nest</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rats_002dnest-20">rats-nest</a>: <a href="#Net-Objects">Net Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-recover-723">recover</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rectangle_002c-an-example-88">rectangle, an example</a>: <a href="#Polygons">Polygons</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redo-28">redo</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redo-675">redo</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-redrawing-layout-613">redrawing layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-refreshing-layout-614">refreshing layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Regular-Expressions-820">Regular Expressions</a>: <a href="#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-release_002c-current-320">release, current</a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-connections-734">removing connections</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-74">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">Drawing and Removing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-733">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-objects-79">removing objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-removing-selected-objects-678">removing selected objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-report-681">report</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-report-52">report</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reseting-found-connections-276">reseting found connections</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reseting-found-connections-472">reseting found connections</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-reseting-found-connections-596">reseting found connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-resources-324">resources</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotate-480">rotate</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotating-a-buffer-661">rotating a buffer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rotating-printout-130">rotating printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routing-style-476">routing style</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routing-style-685">routing style</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-routing-style-283">routing style</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubber-band-39">rubber band</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberband-479">rubberband</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-rubberband-620">rubberband</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-connections-689">saving connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-files-688">saving files</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-found-connections-598">saving found connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-last-entered-user-command-496">saving last entered user command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-last-entered-user-command-285">saving last entered user command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-490">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-183">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-121">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-189">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-301">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-484">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving-layouts-293">saving layouts</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-saving_002c-an-example-117">saving, an example</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scaling-a-printout-135">scaling a printout</a>: <a href="#Printing">Printing</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scanning-connections-593">scanning connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-schematic-capture-776">schematic capture</a>: <a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-schematic-frontend-777">schematic frontend</a>: <a href="#Schematic-Frontends">Schematic Frontends</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SCO-809">SCO</a>: <a href="#SCO">SCO</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Screen_002c-popup-menu-29">Screen, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-script-file_002c-executing-630">script file, executing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-scrolling-737">scrolling</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searching-connections-594">searching connections</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Searching-for-elements-157">Searching for elements</a>: <a href="#Searching-for-elements">Searching for elements</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-element-files-362">searchpath for element files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-font-files-390">searchpath for font files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-layout-files-374">searchpath for layout files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-searchpath-for-libraries-425">searchpath for libraries</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Select_002c-popup-menu-42">Select, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-object_002c-removing-an-679">selected object, removing an</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-objects_002c-changing-sizes-44">selected objects, changing sizes</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selected-objects_002c-removing-43">selected objects, removing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-a-buffer-660">selecting a buffer</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-a-new-tool-67">selecting a new tool</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting-objects-692">selecting objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selecting_002c-using-the-arrow-tool-144">selecting, using the arrow tool</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-selection-691">selection</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Settings_002c-popup-menu-37">Settings, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-SGI-804">SGI</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-shrink-499">shrink</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-signal-546">signal</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Silicon-Graphics-803">Silicon Graphics</a>: <a href="#SGI">SGI</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-a-layout-309">size of a layout</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-lines-430">size of lines</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-lines-and-vias-686">size of lines and vias</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-size-of-vias-520">size of vias</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-sizes_002c-changing-of-objects-554">sizes, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Sizes_002c-popup-menu-36">Sizes, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-snap-to-pins-40">snap to pins</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Solaris-800">Solaris</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-solder-mask_002c-viewing-and-editing-35">solder mask, viewing and editing</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-spacing_002c-minimum-153">spacing, minimum</a>: <a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">Design Rule Checking</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-speaker-volume-523">speaker volume</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-speaker-volume-313">speaker volume</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-changing-559">square flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-changing-of-objects-581">square flag, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-clearing-587">square flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-square-flag_002c-setting-696">square flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-standard-drill-sizes-824">standard drill sizes</a>: <a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Standard Drill Sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-start-user-input-590">start user input</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-starting-a-new-layout-656">starting a new layout</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-starting-_0040code_007bPcb_007d-194">starting <code>Pcb</code></a>: <a href="#Command_002dLine-Options">Command-Line Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-startup-actions-script-307">startup actions script</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-status-information-56">status information</a>: <a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">Status-line and Input-field</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-strings_002c-an-example-91">strings, an example</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-strings_002c-an-overview-19">strings, an overview</a>: <a href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Sun-799">Sun</a>: <a href="#Sun">Sun</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-symbols-388">symbols</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-symbols-216">symbols</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-symbols_002c-an-overview-4">symbols, an overview</a>: <a href="#Symbol-Objects">Symbol Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Syntax_002c-file-774">Syntax, file</a>: <a href="#File-Syntax">File Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-temporary-files-125">temporary files</a>: <a href="#Loading-and-Saving">Loading and Saving</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-temporary-files-295">temporary files</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-temporary-files-492">temporary files</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-terminology-849">terminology</a>: <a href="#Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-TeX_002c-problems-818">TeX, problems</a>: <a href="#TeX-and-Manuals">TeX and Manuals</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-an-example-90">text, an example</a>: <a href="#Text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-an-overview-18">text, an overview</a>: <a href="#Text-Objects">Text Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-text_002c-default-scaling-508">text, default scaling</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-changing-560">thermal flag, changing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-clearing-588">thermal flag, clearing</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thermal-flag_002c-setting-697">thermal flag, setting</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-lines-431">thickness of lines</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-objects-81">thickness of objects</a>: <a href="#Common">Common</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness-of-vias-521">thickness of vias</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-thickness_002c-changing-of-objects-578">thickness, changing of objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-toggle-layer-visibility-719">toggle layer visibility</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tool-selection-66">tool selection</a>: <a href="#Tool-Selectors">Tool Selectors</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-tool_002c-arrow-147">tool, arrow</a>: <a href="#Arrow-Tool">Arrow Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-trace-optimizer-155">trace optimizer</a>: <a href="#Trace-Optimizer">Trace Optimizer</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translations-531">translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-translations-730">translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-troubleshooting-794">troubleshooting</a>: <a href="#problems">problems</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-two-line-mode-14">two line mode</a>: <a href="#Line-Objects">Line Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo-27">undo</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo-722">undo</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-undo_002c-multi_002daction-resources-543">undo, multi-action resources</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unique-names-38">unique names</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unix-command-384">unix command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unix-command-303">unix command</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unix-command-486">unix command</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-unselect-objects-729">unselect objects</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-user-commands-166">user commands</a>: <a href="#User-Commands">User Commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-user-input-740">user input</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-840">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-drill-table-164">Vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-831">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-541">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-834">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-837">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-843">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table-846">vendor drill table</a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-disabling-605">vendor drill table, disabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-enabling-636">vendor drill table, enabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-loading-641">vendor drill table, loading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-toggling-717">vendor drill table, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-drill-table_002c-unloading-726">vendor drill table, unloading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-845">vendor map</a>: <a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">UnloadVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-842">vendor map</a>: <a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">ToggleVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-839">vendor map</a>: <a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">LoadVendorFrom Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-540">vendor map</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-836">vendor map</a>: <a href="#EnableVendor-Action">EnableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-830">vendor map</a>: <a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">ApplyVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map-833">vendor map</a>: <a href="#DisableVendor-Action">DisableVendor Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-disabling-604">vendor map, disabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-enabling-635">vendor map, enabling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-loading-640">vendor map, loading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-toggling-716">vendor map, toggling</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vendor-map_002c-unloading-725">vendor map, unloading</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-mapping-162">Vendor mapping</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Vendor-rules-161">Vendor rules</a>: <a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">Vendor drill mapping</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-version_002c-current-321">version, current</a>: <a href="#Special-Options">Special Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-an-example-93">vias, an example</a>: <a href="#Vias">Vias</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-an-overview-6">vias, an overview</a>: <a href="#Via-Objects">Via Objects</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-changing-shape-of-570">vias, changing shape of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-color-516">vias, color</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-converting-to-mounting-hole-562">vias, converting to mounting hole</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-setting-of-initial-size-703">vias, setting of initial size</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-vias_002c-size-519">vias, size</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-View_002c-adjusting-60">View, adjusting</a>: <a href="#Panner-Control">Panner Control</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-viewing-side_002c-changing-of-707">viewing side, changing of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-of-speaker-524">volume of speaker</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-volume-of-speaker-314">volume of speaker</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-Window_002c-popup-menu-55">Window, popup menu</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-x_002dy-file-format-826">x-y file format</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-x_002dy-file_002c-algorithms-828">x-y file, algorithms</a>: <a href="#Centroid-File-Format">Centroid File Format</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-323">X11</a>: <a href="#X11-Interface">X11 Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-default-translations-732">X11 default translations</a>: <a href="#Translations">Translations</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-resources-325">X11 resources</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11-translations-534">X11 translations</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-X11_002c-problems-817">X11, problems</a>: <a href="#X11">X11</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-xcircuit_002c-how-to-interface-with-781">xcircuit, how to interface with</a>: <a href="#xcircuit">xcircuit</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-of-Layout-area-529">zoom of Layout area</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-of-pinout-window-270">zoom of pinout window</a>: <a href="#Options">Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom-of-pinout-window-458">zoom of pinout window</a>: <a href="#Resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom_002c-setting-34">zoom, setting</a>: <a href="#Menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#index-zoom_002c-setting-of-700">zoom, setting of</a>: <a href="#Actions">Actions</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Pcb</a>
<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">Copying</a>
<li><a name="toc_History" href="#History">History</a>
<li><a name="toc_Overview" href="#Overview">1 Overview</a>
<li><a name="toc_Intro" href="#Intro">2 Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Symbol-Objects">2.1 Symbols</a>
<li><a href="#Via-Objects">2.2 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Element-Objects">2.3 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Objects">2.4 Layers</a>
<li><a href="#Line-Objects">2.5 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arc-Objects">2.6 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Objects">2.7 Polygons</a>
<li><a href="#Text-Objects">2.8 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Net-Objects">2.9 Nets</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Getting-Started" href="#Getting-Started">3 Getting Started</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Application-Window">3.1 The Application Window</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Menu">3.1.1 Menus</a>
<li><a href="#Status_002dline-and-Input_002dfield">3.1.2 The Status-line and Input-field</a>
<li><a href="#Panner-Control">3.1.3 The Panner Control</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-Controls">3.1.4 The Layer Controls</a>
<li><a href="#Tool-Selectors">3.1.5 The Tool Selectors</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-Area">3.1.6 Layout Area</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Log-Window">3.2 Log Window</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Window">3.3 Library Window</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Window">3.4 Netlist Window</a>
<li><a href="#Drawing-and-Removing">3.5 Drawing and Removing Basic Objects</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Common">3.5.1 Common Drawing and Removing Methods</a>
<li><a href="#Lines">3.5.2 Lines</a>
<li><a href="#Arcs">3.5.3 Arcs</a>
<li><a href="#Polygons">3.5.4 Polygons and Rectangles</a>
<li><a href="#Text">3.5.5 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Vias">3.5.6 Vias</a>
<li><a href="#Elements">3.5.7 Elements</a>
<li><a href="#Pastebuffer">3.5.8 Pastebuffer</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Moving-and-Copying">3.6 Moving and Copying</a>
<li><a href="#Loading-and-Saving">3.7 Loading and Saving</a>
<li><a href="#Printing">3.8 Printing</a>
<li><a href="#Connection-Lists">3.9 Connection Lists</a>
<li><a href="#Arrow-Tool">3.10 Arrow Tool</a>
<li><a href="#Rats-Nest">3.11 Rats Nest</a>
<li><a href="#Design-Rule-Checking">3.12 Design Rule Checking</a>
<li><a href="#Trace-Optimizer">3.13 Trace Optimizer</a>
<li><a href="#Searching-for-elements">3.14 Searching for elements</a>
<li><a href="#Measuring-distances">3.15 Measuring distances</a>
<li><a href="#Vendor-drill-mapping">3.16 Vendor Drill Mapping</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Autorouter" href="#Autorouter">4 Autorouter</a>
<li><a name="toc_User-Commands" href="#User-Commands">5 User Commands</a>
<li><a name="toc_Command_002dLine-Options" href="#Command_002dLine-Options">6 Command-Line Options</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Options">6.1 Options</a>
<li><a href="#Special-Options">6.2 Special Options</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_X11-Interface" href="#X11-Interface">7 X11 Interface</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resources">7.1 Non-Standard X11 Application Resources</a>
<li><a href="#Actions">7.2 Actions</a>
<li><a href="#Translations">7.3 Default Translations</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_File-Formats" href="#File-Formats">8 File Formats</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Pad-and-Line-Representation">8.1 Pad and Line Representation</a>
<li><a href="#Layout-File">8.2 Layout File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Element-File">8.3 Element File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Font-File">8.4 Font File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-File">8.5 Netlist File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Contents-File">8.6 Library Contents File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Library-File">8.7 Library File Format</a>
<li><a href="#File-Syntax">8.8 File Syntax</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Arc-syntax">8.8.1 Arc</a>
<li><a href="#Attribute-syntax">8.8.2 Attribute</a>
<li><a href="#Connect-syntax">8.8.3 Connect</a>
<li><a href="#Cursor-syntax">8.8.4 Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-syntax">8.8.5 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#Element-syntax">8.8.6 Element</a>
<li><a href="#ElementArc-syntax">8.8.7 ElementArc</a>
<li><a href="#ElementLine-syntax">8.8.8 ElementLine</a>
<li><a href="#FileVersion-syntax">8.8.9 FileVersion</a>
<li><a href="#Flags-syntax">8.8.10 Flags</a>
<li><a href="#Grid-syntax">8.8.11 Grid</a>
<li><a href="#Groups-syntax">8.8.12 Groups</a>
<li><a href="#Layer-syntax">8.8.13 Layer</a>
<li><a href="#Line-syntax">8.8.14 Line</a>
<li><a href="#Mark-syntax">8.8.15 Mark</a>
<li><a href="#Net-syntax">8.8.16 Net</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-syntax">8.8.17 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#Pad-syntax">8.8.18 Pad</a>
<li><a href="#Pin-syntax">8.8.19 Pin</a>
<li><a href="#PolyArea-syntax">8.8.20 PolyArea</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-syntax">8.8.21 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Rat-syntax">8.8.22 Rat</a>
<li><a href="#Styles-syntax">8.8.23 Styles</a>
<li><a href="#Symbol-syntax">8.8.24 Symbol</a>
<li><a href="#SymbolLine-syntax">8.8.25 SymbolLine</a>
<li><a href="#Text-syntax">8.8.26 Text</a>
<li><a href="#Thermal-syntax">8.8.27 Thermal</a>
<li><a href="#Via-syntax">8.8.28 Via</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Object-Flags">8.9 Object Flags</a>
<li><a href="#PCBFlags">8.10 PCBFlags</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Library-Creation" href="#Library-Creation">9 Library Creation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1 Old Style (m4) Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.1 Overview of Oldlib Operation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2 The Library Scripts</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.1 Scripts Used During Compilation</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.2.2 Scripts Used by PCB at Runtime</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.3 Creating an Oldlib Footprint</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.1.4 Troubleshooting Old Style Libraries</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2 New Style Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.1 Creating Newlib Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#Library-Creation">9.2.2 Modifying Newlib Footprints</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Schematic-Frontends" href="#Schematic-Frontends">10 Schematic Capture for PCB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1 gEDA</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.1 Set Up Project Directories</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.2 Set Up gEDA Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.3 Set Up <code>gsch2pcb</code> Config Files</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.4 Capture Schematics Using <code>gschem</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.5 Create Any Unique PCB Footprints</a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.6 Generate Initial PCB Design Using <code>gsch2pcb</code></a>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.1.7 Layout Circuit Board</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.2 Forward Annotation of Schematic Changes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gEDA">10.2.1 Generate Photoplot Files (RS-274X)</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#xcircuit">10.3 xcircuit</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">Appendix A Installation and Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#compiling">A.1 Compiling and Installing</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#quickstart">A.1.1 Quick Start</a>
<li><a href="#running-configure">A.1.2 Running the configure Script</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#problems">A.2 Troubleshooting</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#HP">A.2.1 HP Series 700 and 800</a>
<li><a href="#Sun">A.2.2 Sun SPARC architecture</a>
<li><a href="#SGI">A.2.3 Silicon Graphics</a>
<li><a href="#DEC-Alpha">A.2.4 DEC Alpha</a>
<li><a href="#SCO">A.2.5 SCO Unix</a>
<li><a href="#Linux">A.2.6 Linux</a>
<li><a href="#BSD">A.2.7 FreeBSD and NetBSD</a>
<li><a href="#X11">A.2.8 Problems related to X11</a>
<li><a href="#TeX-and-Manuals">A.2.9 Problems related to TeX</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Custom-Menus" href="#Custom-Menus">Appendix B Customizing the Menus</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Resource-Syntax">B.1 Resource Syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Definitions">B.2 Menu Definitions</a>
<li><a href="#Menu-Files-and-Defaults">B.3 Menu Files and Defaults</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Regular-Expressions" href="#Regular-Expressions">Appendix C Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Regular-Expressions">C.1 Element Search/Regular Expressions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Standard-Drill-Sizes" href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">Appendix D Standard Drill Size Tables</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.1 American Standard Wire Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.2 American Standard Letter Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.3 Fractional Inch Size Drills</a>
<li><a href="#Standard-Drill-Sizes">D.4 Metric Drills</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Centroid-File-Format" href="#Centroid-File-Format">Appendix E Centroid (X-Y) File Format</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.1 Overview</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.2 File Format</a>
<li><a href="#Centroid-File-Format">E.3 Computation of Centroid and Rotation</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Action-Reference" href="#Action-Reference">Appendix F Action Reference</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#core-actions">F.1 Core actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#AddRats-Action">F.1.1 AddRats</a>
<li><a href="#ApplyVendor-Action">F.1.2 ApplyVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Atomic-Action">F.1.3 Atomic</a>
<li><a href="#AutoPlaceSelected-Action">F.1.4 AutoPlaceSelected</a>
<li><a href="#AutoRoute-Action">F.1.5 AutoRoute</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeClearSize-Action">F.1.6 ChangeClearSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeDrillSize-Action">F.1.7 ChangeDrillSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeFlag-Action">F.1.8 ChangeFlag</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeHole-Action">F.1.9 ChangeHole</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeJoin-Action">F.1.10 ChangeJoin</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeName-Action">F.1.11 ChangeName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeOctagon-Action">F.1.12 ChangeOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePaste-Action">F.1.13 ChangePaste</a>
<li><a href="#ChangePinName-Action">F.1.14 ChangePinName</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSize-Action">F.1.15 ChangeSize</a>
<li><a href="#ChangeSquare-Action">F.1.16 ChangeSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClearOctagon-Action">F.1.17 ClearOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#ClearSquare-Action">F.1.18 ClearSquare</a>
<li><a href="#ClrFlag-Action">F.1.19 ClrFlag</a>
<li><a href="#Connection-Action">F.1.20 Connection</a>
<li><a href="#Delete-Action">F.1.21 Delete</a>
<li><a href="#DeleteRats-Action">F.1.22 DeleteRats</a>
<li><a href="#DisableVendor-Action">F.1.23 DisableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#DisperseElements-Action">F.1.24 DisperseElements</a>
<li><a href="#Display-Action">F.1.25 Display</a>
<li><a href="#djopt-Action">F.1.26 djopt</a>
<li><a href="#DRC-Action">F.1.27 DRC</a>
<li><a href="#DumpLibrary-Action">F.1.28 DumpLibrary</a>
<li><a href="#EnableVendor-Action">F.1.29 EnableVendor</a>
<li><a href="#ExecuteFile-Action">F.1.30 ExecuteFile</a>
<li><a href="#Flip-Action">F.1.31 Flip</a>
<li><a href="#FontEdit-Action">F.1.32 FontEdit</a>
<li><a href="#FontSave-Action">F.1.33 FontSave</a>
<li><a href="#FreeRotateBuffer-Action">F.1.34 FreeRotateBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#GlobalPuller-Action">F.1.35 GlobalPuller</a>
<li><a href="#h-Action">F.1.36 h</a>
<li><a href="#l-Action">F.1.37 l</a>
<li><a href="#le-Action">F.1.38 le</a>
<li><a href="#LoadFrom-Action">F.1.39 LoadFrom</a>
<li><a href="#LoadVendorFrom-Action">F.1.40 LoadVendorFrom</a>
<li><a href="#m-Action">F.1.41 m</a>
<li><a href="#MarkCrosshair-Action">F.1.42 MarkCrosshair</a>
<li><a href="#Message-Action">F.1.43 Message</a>
<li><a href="#MinClearGap-Action">F.1.44 MinClearGap</a>
<li><a href="#MinMaskGap-Action">F.1.45 MinMaskGap</a>
<li><a href="#Mode-Action">F.1.46 Mode</a>
<li><a href="#MorphPolygon-Action">F.1.47 MorphPolygon</a>
<li><a href="#MoveLayer-Action">F.1.48 MoveLayer</a>
<li><a href="#MoveObject-Action">F.1.49 MoveObject</a>
<li><a href="#MoveToCurrentLayer-Action">F.1.50 MoveToCurrentLayer</a>
<li><a href="#Netlist-Action">F.1.51 Netlist</a>
<li><a href="#New-Action">F.1.52 New</a>
<li><a href="#OptAutoOnly-Action">F.1.53 OptAutoOnly</a>
<li><a href="#PasteBuffer-Action">F.1.54 PasteBuffer</a>
<li><a href="#Polygon-Action">F.1.55 Polygon</a>
<li><a href="#Puller-Action">F.1.56 Puller</a>
<li><a href="#q-Action">F.1.57 q</a>
<li><a href="#q_0021-Action">F.1.58 q!</a>
<li><a href="#Quit-Action">F.1.59 Quit</a>
<li><a href="#Redo-Action">F.1.60 Redo</a>
<li><a href="#RemoveSelected-Action">F.1.61 RemoveSelected</a>
<li><a href="#Renumber-Action">F.1.62 Renumber</a>
<li><a href="#Report-Action">F.1.63 Report</a>
<li><a href="#ReportDialog-Action">F.1.64 ReportDialog</a>
<li><a href="#RipUp-Action">F.1.65 RipUp</a>
<li><a href="#rn-Action">F.1.66 rn</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStyle-Action">F.1.67 RouteStyle</a>
<li><a href="#s-Action">F.1.68 s</a>
<li><a href="#SaveSettings-Action">F.1.69 SaveSettings</a>
<li><a href="#SaveTo-Action">F.1.70 SaveTo</a>
<li><a href="#Select-Action">F.1.71 Select</a>
<li><a href="#SetFlag-Action">F.1.72 SetFlag</a>
<li><a href="#SetOctagon-Action">F.1.73 SetOctagon</a>
<li><a href="#SetSame-Action">F.1.74 SetSame</a>
<li><a href="#SetSquare-Action">F.1.75 SetSquare</a>
<li><a href="#SetThermal-Action">F.1.76 SetThermal</a>
<li><a href="#SetValue-Action">F.1.77 SetValue</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleHideName-Action">F.1.78 ToggleHideName</a>
<li><a href="#ToggleVendor-Action">F.1.79 ToggleVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Undo-Action">F.1.80 Undo</a>
<li><a href="#UnloadVendor-Action">F.1.81 UnloadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#Unselect-Action">F.1.82 Unselect</a>
<li><a href="#w-Action">F.1.83 w</a>
<li><a href="#wq-Action">F.1.84 wq</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#common-actions">F.2 common actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#LayersChanged-Action">F.2.1 LayersChanged</a>
<li><a href="#LibraryChanged-Action">F.2.2 LibraryChanged</a>
<li><a href="#NetlistChanged-Action">F.2.3 NetlistChanged</a>
<li><a href="#PCBChanged-Action">F.2.4 PCBChanged</a>
<li><a href="#RouteStylesChanged-Action">F.2.5 RouteStylesChanged</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-actions">F.3 gtk actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#gtk-About-Action">F.3.1 gtk About</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-AdjustStyle-Action">F.3.2 gtk AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Center-Action">F.3.3 gtk Center</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Cursor-Action">F.3.4 gtk Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-DoWindows-Action">F.3.5 gtk DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-EditLayerGroups-Action">F.3.6 gtk EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-GetXY-Action">F.3.7 gtk GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Pan-Action">F.3.8 gtk Pan</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Popup-Action">F.3.9 gtk Popup</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Print-Action">F.3.10 gtk Print</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-PrintCalibrate-Action">F.3.11 gtk PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Save-Action">F.3.12 gtk Save</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SelectLayer-Action">F.3.13 gtk SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SetUnits-Action">F.3.14 gtk SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-SwapSides-Action">F.3.15 gtk SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-ToggleView-Action">F.3.16 gtk ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#gtk-Zoom-Action">F.3.17 gtk Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-actions">F.4 lesstif actions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#lesstif-About-Action">F.4.1 lesstif About</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustSizes-Action">F.4.2 lesstif AdjustSizes</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-AdjustStyle-Action">F.4.3 lesstif AdjustStyle</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Benchmark-Action">F.4.4 lesstif Benchmark</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Command-Action">F.4.5 lesstif Command</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Cursor-Action">F.4.6 lesstif Cursor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Debug-Action">F.4.7 lesstif Debug</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DebugXY-Action">F.4.8 lesstif DebugXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DoWindows-Action">F.4.9 lesstif DoWindows</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-DumpKeys-Action">F.4.10 lesstif DumpKeys</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-EditLayerGroups-Action">F.4.11 lesstif EditLayerGroups</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Export-Action">F.4.12 lesstif Export</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-GetXY-Action">F.4.13 lesstif GetXY</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LibraryShow-Action">F.4.14 lesstif LibraryShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Load-Action">F.4.15 lesstif Load</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-LoadVendor-Action">F.4.16 lesstif LoadVendor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-NetlistShow-Action">F.4.17 lesstif NetlistShow</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Print-Action">F.4.18 lesstif Print</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PrintCalibrate-Action">F.4.19 lesstif PrintCalibrate</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-PromptFor-Action">F.4.20 lesstif PromptFor</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Return-Action">F.4.21 lesstif Return</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Save-Action">F.4.22 lesstif Save</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SelectLayer-Action">F.4.23 lesstif SelectLayer</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SetUnits-Action">F.4.24 lesstif SetUnits</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-SwapSides-Action">F.4.25 lesstif SwapSides</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-ToggleView-Action">F.4.26 lesstif ToggleView</a>
<li><a href="#lesstif-Zoom-Action">F.4.27 lesstif Zoom</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Glossary" href="#Glossary">Appendix G Glossary</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Resources</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Actions, Commands and Options</a>
<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index of Concepts</a>
</li></ul>
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